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Liu T, Guo S, Wu C, Zhang R, Zhong Q, Shi H, Zhou R, Qin Y, Jin Y. Phyllosphere microbial community of cigar tobacco and its corresponding metabolites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025881. [PMID: 36439836 PMCID: PMC9691965 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigar is made of a typical fermented tobacco where the microbiota inhabits within an alkaline environment. Our current understanding on cigar fermentation is far from thorough. This work employed both high-throughput sequencing and chromatography-mass spectrometric technologies to provide new scientific reference for this specific fermented system. Typical cigar samples from different regions (the Caribbeans, South America, East Asia, and Southeast Asia) were investigated. The results show that Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were the predominant phyla in the cigar samples. Rather than the fungal community, it was the bacterial community structures that played vital roles to differentiate the cigar from different regions: Staphylococcus was the dominant genus in the Americas; Bacillus was the dominant genus in Southeast Asia; while in East Asia, there was no dominant genus. Such differences in community structure then affected the microflora metabolism. The correlation between microbiota and metabolites revealed that Aspergillaceae, Cercospora, and Staphylococcus were significantly correlated with sclareolide; Bacillus were positively associated with isophorone. Alcaligenaceae was significantly and positively correlated with L-nicotine and hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Liu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Guo
- R&D Department, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Crop Tobacco Science Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- R&D Department, Deyang Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Deyang, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- R&D Department, Deyang Tobacco Company of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Deyang, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqing Qin
- R&D Department, Sichuan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Crop Tobacco Science Institute, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hać PJ, Cieślik BM, Konieczka P. Review of cigars and cigar-type products as potential sources of consumer exposure to heavy metals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2022; 40:172-196. [PMID: 35895917 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2022.2052708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of cigars, growing since 1993, has not gone hand in hand with the increased interest of researchers in these products. Although the literature widely describes the harmfulness of tobacco and the content of toxic substances in tobacco products, the topic is often treated selectively as relating primarily to cigarettes and rarely extends to other products of the broadly defined tobacco industry. However, there is no reason to marginalize the harmful effects of other nicotine products, (which include tobacco products such as cigars). The study analyzed the available literature on the content of selected heavy metals in cigar tobacco. Among the heavy metals, the following contents of elements in tobacco were recorded in cigars: Fe (420-2200 µg/g), Mn (100-370 µg/g), Zn (14-180 µg/g), Cu (15-140 µg/g), Pb (not detected-32 µg/g), Cd (nd-19 µg/g), Ni (nd-13 µg/g), Cr (nd-10 µg/g), Co (0.65-1.0 µg/g), As (nd-0.66 µg/g), Hg (18-25 ng/g). Importantly, the values often differ between cigars of different origins and types, indicating the need for more extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Jacek Hać
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Michał Cieślik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Wang G, Kong Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhang X, Yuan J, Li G. Evolution of phytotoxicity during the active phase of co-composting of chicken manure, tobacco powder and mushroom substrate. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 114:25-32. [PMID: 32645612 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the phytotoxicity of chicken manure co-composted with tobacco powder and mushroom substrate on seed germination during active phase of composting. All compost products met the sanitation requirements specified in the Chinese national standard; however, only the mushroom substrate compost satisfied the maturity standard. From day 28, the composting entered the end of active phase and the concentrations of K+, Zn2+, Na+, Cu2+ and Fe3+ decreased gradually. Redundancy analysis indicated that the germination index, catalase and peroxidase activities was positively correlated with K+, Zn2+, Na+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and NO3--N, and negatively correlated with NH4+-N, Mg2+ and Ca2+, among which the most significant ions were Fe3+, Mg2+ and Zn2+ for all treatments. The malondialdehyde concentration of germinated seeds had adverse correlation with the above ions parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yilin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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