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Flamini MA, Barbeito CG, Díaz AO, Portiansky EL. Comparison of the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of the female prostate between pregnant and non-pregnant plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). Tissue Cell 2020; 68:101458. [PMID: 33197656 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some years ago, our group reported the presence of the female prostate in all the studied females of the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). The goal of the present study was to characterize and compare the female prostate gland between adult pregnant and non-pregnant plains viscacha using histochemical, lectin-histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, as well as optic and electron microscopy. Structurally, alveoli are lined by a simple epithelium formed by different cell types: basal cells, secretory cells in different stages of the secretory cycle and cells of clear cytoplasm. Secretory cells are the most abundant cell type, differing between them depending on the quantity and electron-density of their granules. The basal cells are less abundant and are responsible for the renewal of the alveolar epithelium. Likewise, other cells with secretory morphology were found in all the studied females; these have a clear cytoplasm, few granules and mitochondria. It could be considered that they are degranulated secretory cells or that they have partially released their granules. The stroma of the organ is formed by connective tissue and smooth muscle fibers, which are immunohistochemically evidenced against desmin. Histochemical and lectin-histochemical analysis revealed the presence of different glucidic residues in the different cell types. No structural, histochemical, lectin-histochemical, and ultrastructural differences were observed between pregnant and non-pregnant females of plain viscachas, except for the expression of some lectins. The paraurethral gland of Lagostomus maximus can be used as a model for studying the gland in other species since its structural and ultrastructural characteristics do not depend on the hormonal status of the female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirta A Flamini
- Laboratory of Descriptive, Experimental and Comparative Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Laboratory of Descriptive, Experimental and Comparative Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Alcira O Díaz
- Institute of Marine and Coastal Research (IIMyC), Department of Biology, FCEyN, CONICET-National University of Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Enrique L Portiansky
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Argentina; Image Analysis Laboratory. School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina.
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Sanches BDA, Carvalho HF, Maldarine JS, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Differences between male and female prostates in terms of physiology, sensitivity to chemicals and pathogenesis-A review in a rodent model. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:27-35. [PMID: 31393043 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The prostate is a gland that is not exclusively present in males, being also found in females of several mammalian species, including humans. There is evidence that the prostate in both sexes is affected by the same pathologies such as prostatitis, benign alterations and even cancer. In view of the difficulties of manipulating the prostate gland, the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), a rodent species with high incidence of functional prostates in females, is widely used in studies of the female prostate. However, despite knowing much about the similarities between the female and male prostate, little emphasis has been placed on the differences between them. This review investigates the intersex differences in prostate development, physiology and pathogenesis. The female prostate develops earlier than in males and studies indicate that it is more sensitive to oestrogens than the male prostate, as well as being more sensitive to exposure to xenoestrogens, such as Bisphenol A and methylparaben, with a higher susceptibility to benign lesions in the adult and senile prostate than in males. In addition, the female prostate is impacted by pregnancy and the oestrous cycle, and is also dependent on progesterone. The peculiarities of the female prostate raise concerns about the risk of it undergoing neglected changes as a result of environmental chemicals, since safe dosages are established exclusively for the male prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno D A Sanches
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Maldarine
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia II, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001970, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Bertrand Russel Av., Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Cristóvão Colombo St., 2265, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zanatelli M, Custodio AMG, Biancardi MF, Santos FCA, Góes RM, Falleiros LR, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Ovariectomy increases the phenotypic plasticity of the female prostate epithelium in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1751-1762. [PMID: 27737729 DOI: 10.1071/rd16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The female prostate is a reproductive gland that typically presents a morphology similar to that of the male gland and is highly developed in female Mongolian gerbils. Two main cell populations compose the epithelium gland: basal and secretory luminal cells. However, during postnatal development, diverse secretory cell phenotypes are distributed among the typical ones. Prostate homeostasis is under the control of sexual hormones, such as oestrogen and progesterone. After hormonal deprivation the female gland undergoes several morphophysiological changes. The objective of this study was to identify and characterise, structurally and ultrastructurally, the cellular heterogeneity of the female prostate epithelium in normal conditions and after ovariectomy. Histological routine stains, such as haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and silver impregnation, as well as immunocytochemical techniques were used to enable identification of the different cell types. Some secretory cells types were identified and characterised as mucinous, basophil, clear, ciliated, droplet, spumous and neuroendocrine cells. Population tally data showed that the hormonal suppression caused by ovariectomy resulted in a decrease in the proportions of basophil and clear cells and an increase in spumous cells. Thus, the secretory epithelial cells of the female gerbil prostate are not morphologically and functionally uniform, presenting a phenotypical plasticity according to the hormonal environment in which they operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M G Custodio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Manoel F Biancardi
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, UFG, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R Falleiros
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/IBILCE, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, UNESP/IBILCE, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Zanatelli M, Silva DAL, Shinohara FZ, Góes RM, Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Actions of oestradiol and progesterone on the prostate in female gerbils: reversal of the histological effects of castration. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:540-50. [PMID: 23677028 DOI: 10.1071/rd12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The female prostate is a functionally active gland in several mammalian species, including humans and rodents. Investigations of prostate morphophysiology during the phases of the oestrous cycle have shown that the female prostate is influenced by fluctuations in serum concentrations of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combined prolonged administration of E2 and P4 on the prostate in ovariectomised female gerbils. Ovariectomy caused atrophy and decreased glandular secretory activity. Administration of E2 and P4 (0.1mgkg(-1) diluted in 0.1mL of mineral oil, every 48h over 30 days) resulted in a recovery of overall prostate structure, as evidenced by increased epithelial height, mass and prostatic secretory activity, without leading the appearance of significant lesions. Evaluation of androgen receptor (AR) expression revealed increased immunoreactivity in the E2+P4-treated group. Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor (ER) α was decreased in the castrated groups, but increased in the group subjected to hormone treatment. There were no significant differences in ERβ immunoreactivity among the groups. Assessment of cell proliferation revealed greater immunoreactivity in the treated group. Together, the results indicate that the interaction between E2 and P4 may be responsible for maintaining female prostate gland histophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego A L Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Z Shinohara
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, CP 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Fochi RA, Santos FCA, Goes RM, Taboga SR. Progesterone as a morphological regulatory factor of the male and female gerbil prostate. Int J Exp Pathol 2013; 94:373-86. [PMID: 24205795 PMCID: PMC3944449 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Testosterone (T) and oestrogen are the main active steroid hormones in the male and female reproductive system respectively. In female rodents progesterone (P4), together with testosterone and oestrogen, has an essential role in the regulation of the oestrous cycle, which influences the prostate physiology through their oscillations. In this work we investigated how the male and female prostate gland of Mongolian gerbils responds to surgical castration at the start of puberty and what are the effects of T, oestradiol (E2) and P4 replacement, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. We also examined the location of the main steroid receptors present in the prostate. In the castrated animals of both sexes an intense glandular regression, along with disorganization of the stromal compartment, and abundant hyperplasia was observed. The replacement of P4 secured a mild recovery of the glandular morphology, inducing the growth of secretory cells and restoring the androgen receptor (AR) cells. The administration of P4 and E2 eliminated epithelial hyperplasia and intensified gland hypertrophy, favouring the emergence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). In animals treated with T and P4, even though there are some inflammatory foci and other lesions, the prostate gland revealed morphology closer to that of control animals. In summary, through the administration of P4, we could demonstrate that this hormone has anabolic characteristics, promoting hyperplasia and hypertrophy, mainly in the epithelial compartment. When combined with E2 and T, there is an accentuation of glandular hypertrophy that interrupts the development of hyperplasia and ensures the presence of a less dysplastic glandular morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A Fochi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Rochel-Maia SS, Santos FC, Alonso-Magdalena P, Góes RM, Vilamaior PS, Warner M, Gustafsson JÅ, Taboga SR. Estrogen Receptors Alpha and Beta in Male and Female Gerbil Prostates1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:7. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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