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Parlanti P, Cappello V. Microscopes, tools, probes, and protocols: A guide in the route of correlative microscopy for biomedical investigation. Micron 2021; 152:103182. [PMID: 34801960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the advancements of microscopes technology, together with the development of new imaging approaches, are trying to address some biological questions that have been unresolved in the past: the need to combine in the same analysis temporal, functional and morphological information on the biological sample has become pressing. For this reason, the use of correlative microscopy, in which two or more imaging techniques are combined in the same analysis, is getting increasingly widespread. In fact, correlative microscopy can overcome limitations of a single imaging method, giving access to a larger amount of information from the same specimen. However, correlative microscopy can be challenging, and appropriate protocols for sample preparation and imaging methods must be selected. Here we review the state of the art of correlating electron microscopy with different imaging methods, focusing on sample preparation, tools, and labeling methods, with the aim to provide a comprehensive guide for those scientists who are approaching the field of correlative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parlanti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, I-56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, I-56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.
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2
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Meijering E. A bird's-eye view of deep learning in bioimage analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2312-2325. [PMID: 32994890 PMCID: PMC7494605 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep learning of artificial neural networks has become the de facto standard approach to solving data analysis problems in virtually all fields of science and engineering. Also in biology and medicine, deep learning technologies are fundamentally transforming how we acquire, process, analyze, and interpret data, with potentially far-reaching consequences for healthcare. In this mini-review, we take a bird's-eye view at the past, present, and future developments of deep learning, starting from science at large, to biomedical imaging, and bioimage analysis in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijering
- School of Computer Science and Engineering & Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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3
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Kellner M, Heidrich M, Lorbeer RA, Antonopoulos GC, Knudsen L, Wrede C, Izykowski N, Grothausmann R, Jonigk D, Ochs M, Ripken T, Kühnel MP, Meyer H. A combined method for correlative 3D imaging of biological samples from macro to nano scale. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35606. [PMID: 27759114 PMCID: PMC5069670 DOI: 10.1038/srep35606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlative analysis requires examination of a specimen from macro to nano scale as well as applicability of analytical methods ranging from morphological to molecular. Accomplishing this with one and the same sample is laborious at best, due to deformation and biodegradation during measurements or intermediary preparation steps. Furthermore, data alignment using differing imaging techniques turns out to be a complex task, which considerably complicates the interconnection of results. We present correlative imaging of the accessory rat lung lobe by combining a modified Scanning Laser Optical Tomography (SLOT) setup with a specially developed sample preparation method (CRISTAL). CRISTAL is a resin-based embedding method that optically clears the specimen while allowing sectioning and preventing degradation. We applied and correlated SLOT with Multi Photon Microscopy, histological and immunofluorescence analysis as well as Transmission Electron Microscopy, all in the same sample. Thus, combining CRISTAL with SLOT enables the correlative utilization of a vast variety of imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Kellner
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Marko Heidrich
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicole Izykowski
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roman Grothausmann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tammo Ripken
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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4
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Abstract
A quiet revolution is under way in technologies used for nanoscale cellular imaging. Focused ion beams, previously restricted to the materials sciences and semiconductor fields, are rapidly becoming powerful tools for ultrastructural imaging of biological samples. Cell and tissue architecture, as preserved in plastic-embedded resin or in plunge-frozen form, can be investigated in three dimensions by scanning electron microscopy imaging of freshly created surfaces that result from the progressive removal of material using a focused ion beam. The focused ion beam can also be used as a sculpting tool to create specific specimen shapes such as lamellae or needles that can be analyzed further by transmission electron microscopy or by methods that probe chemical composition. Here we provide an in-depth primer to the application of focused ion beams in biology, including a guide to the practical aspects of using the technology, as well as selected examples of its contribution to the generation of new insights into subcellular architecture and mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions.
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Wirtz T, Philipp P, Audinot JN, Dowsett D, Eswara S. High-resolution high-sensitivity elemental imaging by secondary ion mass spectrometry: from traditional 2D and 3D imaging to correlative microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:434001. [PMID: 26436905 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/43/434001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) constitutes an extremely sensitive technique for imaging surfaces in 2D and 3D. Apart from its excellent sensitivity and high lateral resolution (50 nm on state-of-the-art SIMS instruments), advantages of SIMS include high dynamic range and the ability to differentiate between isotopes. This paper first reviews the underlying principles of SIMS as well as the performance and applications of 2D and 3D SIMS elemental imaging. The prospects for further improving the capabilities of SIMS imaging are discussed. The lateral resolution in SIMS imaging when using the microprobe mode is limited by (i) the ion probe size, which is dependent on the brightness of the primary ion source, the quality of the optics of the primary ion column and the electric fields in the near sample region used to extract secondary ions; (ii) the sensitivity of the analysis as a reasonable secondary ion signal, which must be detected from very tiny voxel sizes and thus from a very limited number of sputtered atoms; and (iii) the physical dimensions of the collision cascade determining the origin of the sputtered ions with respect to the impact site of the incident primary ion probe. One interesting prospect is the use of SIMS-based correlative microscopy. In this approach SIMS is combined with various high-resolution microscopy techniques, so that elemental/chemical information at the highest sensitivity can be obtained with SIMS, while excellent spatial resolution is provided by overlaying the SIMS images with high-resolution images obtained by these microscopy techniques. Examples of this approach are given by presenting in situ combinations of SIMS with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), helium ion microscopy (HIM) and scanning probe microscopy (SPM).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wirtz
- Advanced Instrumentation for Ion Nano-Analytics (AINA), MRT Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Takizawa T, Powell RD, Hainfeld JF, Robinson JM. FluoroNanogold: an important probe for correlative microscopy. J Chem Biol 2015; 8:129-42. [PMID: 26884817 PMCID: PMC4744603 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is a powerful imaging approach that refers to observing the same exact structures within a specimen by two or more imaging modalities. In biological samples, this typically means examining the same sub-cellular feature with different imaging methods. Correlative microscopy is not restricted to the domains of fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy; however, currently, most correlative microscopy studies combine these two methods, and in this review, we will focus on the use of fluorescence and electron microscopy. Successful correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy requires probes, or reporter systems, from which useful information can be obtained with each of the imaging modalities employed. The bi-functional immunolabeling reagent, FluoroNanogold, is one such probe that provides robust signals in both fluorescence and electron microscopy. It consists of a gold cluster compound that is visualized by electron microscopy and a covalently attached fluorophore that is visualized by fluorescence microscopy. FluoroNanogold has been an extremely useful labeling reagent in correlative microscopy studies. In this report, we present an overview of research using this unique probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard D. Powell
- />Nanoprobes, Incorporated, 95 Horseblock Road, Unit 1, Yaphank, NY 11980-9710 USA
| | - James F. Hainfeld
- />Nanoprobes, Incorporated, 95 Horseblock Road, Unit 1, Yaphank, NY 11980-9710 USA
| | - John M. Robinson
- />Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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7
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Loussert Fonta C, Humbel BM. Correlative microscopy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 581:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Van de Plas R, Yang J, Spraggins J, Caprioli RM. Image fusion of mass spectrometry and microscopy: a multimodality paradigm for molecular tissue mapping. Nat Methods 2015; 12:366-72. [PMID: 25707028 PMCID: PMC4382398 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A new predictive imaging modality is created through the ‘fusion’ of two distinct technologies: imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) and microscopy. IMS-generated molecular maps, rich in chemical information but having coarse spatial resolution, are combined with optical microscopy maps, which have relatively low chemical specificity but high spatial information. The resulting images combine the advantages of both technologies, enabling prediction of a molecular distribution both at high spatial resolution and with high chemical specificity. Multivariate regression is used to model variables in one technology, using variables from the other technology. Several applications demonstrate the remarkable potential of image fusion: (i) ‘sharpening’ of IMS images, which uses microscopy measurements to predict ion distributions at a spatial resolution that exceeds that of measured ion images by ten times or more; (ii) prediction of ion distributions in tissue areas that were not measured by IMS; and (iii) enrichment of biological signals and attenuation of instrumental artifacts, revealing insights that are not easily extracted from either microscopy or IMS separately. Image fusion enables a new multi-modality paradigm for tissue exploration whereby mining relationships between different imaging sensors yields novel imaging modalities that combine and surpass what can be gleaned from the individual technologies alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Van de Plas
- 1] Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [3] Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Junhai Yang
- 1] Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spraggins
- 1] Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Caprioli
- 1] Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [2] Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [3] Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [4] Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. [5] Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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9
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Tatsumi S, Uchihara T, Aiba I, Iwasaki Y, Mimuro M, Takahashi R, Yoshida M. Ultrastructural differences in pretangles between Alzheimer disease and corticobasal degeneration revealed by comparative light and electron microscopy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:161. [PMID: 25497147 PMCID: PMC4269873 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0161-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretangles are defined under the light microscope as diffuse and granular tau immunoreactivity in neurons in tissue from patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) or corticobasal degeneration (CBD) and are considered to be a premature stage before neurofibrillary tangle formation. However, the ultrastructure of pretangles remains to be described. To clarify the similarities and differences between pretangles from patients with AD and CBD (AD-pretangles and CBD-pretangles, respectively), we examined cortical pretangles in tissue from patients with each of diseases. For direct light and electron microscopic (LM/EM) correlation of the pretangles, we used quantum dot nanocrystals (QDs) with dual fluorescent and electron-dense properties. We first identified tau-labeled pretangles on fluorescence LM and subsequently examined the same neurons on EM. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) color mapping identified selenium (Se) and cadmium (Cd) as elementary components of QDs and highlighted each QD particle clearly against gray-scale EM images. With these methods, we were successful for the first time in demonstrating accurately that LM-defined pretangles are tau-positive straight filaments sparsely distributed throughout neuronal cytoplasm and neurites in both AD and CBD at the EM level. Notably, AD-pretangles showed a strong tendency to form fibrillary tangles even at an early stage, whereas pretangles or Pick-like inclusions in tissue from patients with CBD did not even at an advanced stage. In conclusion, AD-pretangles and CBD-pretangles showed essential differences at the EM level.
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10
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Loussert Fonta C, Leis A, Mathisen C, Bouvier DS, Blanchard W, Volterra A, Lich B, Humbel BM. Analysis of acute brain slices by electron microscopy: a correlative light-electron microscopy workflow based on Tokuyasu cryo-sectioning. J Struct Biol 2014; 189:53-61. [PMID: 25448886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute brain slices are slices of brain tissue that are kept vital in vitro for further recordings and analyses. This tool is of major importance in neurobiology and allows the study of brain cells such as microglia, astrocytes, neurons and their inter/intracellular communications via ion channels or transporters. In combination with light/fluorescence microscopies, acute brain slices enable the ex vivo analysis of specific cells or groups of cells inside the slice, e.g. astrocytes. To bridge ex vivo knowledge of a cell with its ultrastructure, we developed a correlative microscopy approach for acute brain slices. The workflow begins with sampling of the tissue and precise trimming of a region of interest, which contains GFP-tagged astrocytes that can be visualised by fluorescence microscopy of ultrathin sections. The astrocytes and their surroundings are then analysed by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). An important aspect of this workflow is the modification of a commercial cryo-ultramicrotome to observe the fluorescent GFP signal during the trimming process. It ensured that sections contained at least one GFP astrocyte. After cryo-sectioning, a map of the GFP-expressing astrocytes is established and transferred to correlation software installed on a focused ion beam scanning electron microscope equipped with a STEM detector. Next, the areas displaying fluorescence are selected for high resolution STEM imaging. An overview area (e.g. a whole mesh of the grid) is imaged with an automated tiling and stitching process. In the final stitched image, the local organisation of the brain tissue can be surveyed or areas of interest can be magnified to observe fine details, e.g. vesicles or gold labels on specific proteins. The robustness of this workflow is contingent on the quality of sample preparation, based on Tokuyasu's protocol. This method results in a reasonable compromise between preservation of morphology and maintenance of antigenicity. Finally, an important feature of this approach is that the fluorescence of the GFP signal is preserved throughout the entire preparation process until the last step before electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Loussert Fonta
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Andrew Leis
- CSIRO, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Cliff Mathisen
- FEI Company, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - David S Bouvier
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Willy Blanchard
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Volterra
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 9, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ben Lich
- FEI Company, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Biophore, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Zachreson C, Martin AA, Aharonovich I, Toth M. Electron beam controlled restructuring of luminescence centers in polycrystalline diamond. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:10367-10372. [PMID: 24932526 DOI: 10.1021/am501865t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Color centers in diamond are becoming prime candidates for applications in photonics and sensing. In this work we study the time evolution of cathodoluminescence (CL) emissions from color centers in a polycrystalline diamond film under electron irradiation. We demonstrate room-temperature activation of several luminescence centers through a thermal mechanism that is catalyzed by an electron beam. CL activation kinetics were measured in realtime and are discussed in the context of electron induced dehydrogenation of nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen clusters and dislocation defects. Our results also show that (unintentional) electron beam induced chemical etching can take place during CL analysis of diamond. The etching is caused by residual H2O molecules present in high vacuum CL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Zachreson
- School of Physics and Advanced Materials, University of Technology , Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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12
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Silvestri L, Allegra Mascaro AL, Costantini I, Sacconi L, Pavone FS. Correlative two-photon and light sheet microscopy. Methods 2013; 66:268-72. [PMID: 23806642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Information processing inside the central nervous system takes place on multiple scales in both space and time. A single imaging technique can reveal only a small part of this complex machinery. To obtain a more comprehensive view of brain functionality, complementary approaches should be combined into a correlative framework. Here, we describe a method to integrate data from in vivo two-photon fluorescence imaging and ex vivo light sheet microscopy, taking advantage of blood vessels as reference chart. We show how the apical dendritic arbor of a single cortical pyramidal neuron imaged in living thy1-GFP-M mice can be found in the large-scale brain reconstruction obtained with light sheet microscopy. Starting from the apical portion, the whole pyramidal neuron can then be segmented. The correlative approach presented here allows contextualizing within a three-dimensional anatomic framework the neurons whose dynamics have been observed with high detail in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Silvestri
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Italy
| | | | - Irene Costantini
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacconi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Italy; National Institute of Optics, National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Florence, Italy; International Center for Computational Neurophotonics (ICON Foundation), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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13
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Takizawa T, Robinson JM. Correlative fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy in tissues. Methods Cell Biol 2012; 111:37-57. [PMID: 22857922 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416026-2.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy has meant different things over the years; currently, this term refers to imaging the same exact structures with two or more imaging modalities. This commonly involves combining fluorescence and electron microscopy. Much of the recent work related to correlative microscopy has been done using cell culture models. However, many biological questions cannot be addressed in these models, but require instead the 3-dimensional organization of cells found in tissues. Herein, we discuss some of the issues related to correlative microscopy of tissues including the major reporter systems presently available for correlative microscopy. We present data from our own work in which we have focused on the use of ultrathin cryosections of tissues as the substrate for immunolabeling to combine immunofluorescence and electron microscopy of the same sub-cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Takizawa
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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14
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Glenn DR, Zhang H, Kasthuri N, Schalek R, Lo PK, Trifonov AS, Park H, Lichtman JW, Walsworth RL. Correlative light and electron microscopy using cathodoluminescence from nanoparticles with distinguishable colours. Sci Rep 2012; 2:865. [PMID: 23155483 PMCID: PMC3498735 DOI: 10.1038/srep00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy promises to combine molecular specificity with nanoscale imaging resolution. However, there are substantial technical challenges including reliable co-registration of optical and electron images, and rapid optical signal degradation under electron beam irradiation. Here, we introduce a new approach to solve these problems: imaging of stable optical cathodoluminescence emitted in a scanning electron microscope by nanoparticles with controllable surface chemistry. We demonstrate well-correlated cathodoluminescence and secondary electron images using three species of semiconductor nanoparticles that contain defects providing stable, spectrally-distinguishable cathodoluminescence. We also demonstrate reliable surface functionalization of the particles. The results pave the way for the use of such nanoparticles for targeted labeling of surfaces to provide nanoscale mapping of molecular composition, indicated by cathodoluminescence colour, simultaneously acquired with structural electron images in a single instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Glenn
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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15
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16
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Abstract
The correlation of light and electron microscopy (EM) is a powerful tool as it combines the investigation of dynamic processes in vivo with the resolution power of the electron microscope. The green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) and its derivatives revolutionized live-cell light microscopy. Hence, this review outlines correlative microscopy of GFP through photo-oxidation, a method that allows for the direct ultrastructural visualization of fluorophores upon illumination. Oxygen radicals generated during the GFP bleaching process photo-oxidize diaminobenzidine (DAB) into an electron dense precipitate that can be visualized both by routine EM of thin sections and by electron tomography for 3D analysis. There are different levels of correlative microscopy, i.e. the correlation of certain areas, cells, or organelles from light to EM, where photo-oxidation of DAB through GFP allows the highest possible degree--the correlation of specific molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Grabenbauer
- Department of Systems Cell Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Str. 11, D-44227 Dortmund, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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17
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Jahn KA, Barton DA, Kobayashi K, Ratinac KR, Overall RL, Braet F. Correlative microscopy: providing new understanding in the biomedical and plant sciences. Micron 2011; 43:565-82. [PMID: 22244153 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is the application of two or more distinct microscopy techniques to the same region of a sample, generating complementary morphological, structural and chemical information that exceeds what is possible with any single technique. As a variety of complementary microscopy approaches rather than a specific type of instrument, correlative microscopy has blossomed in recent years as researchers have recognised that it is particularly suited to address the intricate questions of the modern biological sciences. Specialised technical developments in sample preparation, imaging methods, visualisation and data analysis have also accelerated the uptake of correlative approaches. In light of these advances, this critical review takes the reader on a journey through recent developments in, and applications of, correlative microscopy, examining its impact in biomedical research and in the field of plant science. This twin emphasis gives a unique perspective into use of correlative microscopy in fields that often advance independently, and highlights the lessons that can be learned from both fields for the future of this important area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Jahn
- Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis and The School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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