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Sun D, Luo Y, Wang Y, Cui H, Gou Y, Zhou J, Luo B, Liu H, Yan R, Wang L. Ultrastructural Characterization of Developmental Stages and Head Sensilla in Portici okadai, Vector of Thelazia callipaeda. INSECTS 2025; 16:539. [PMID: 40429252 PMCID: PMC12112477 DOI: 10.3390/insects16050539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2025] [Revised: 05/13/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025]
Abstract
Phortica okadai, a vector of Thelazia callipaeda, is associated with an increasing incidence of thelaziasis. The complex habitat and chemosensory system of P. okadai are critical for its proliferation and expansion. However, ultrastructural data across developmental stages remain limited. This study used scanning electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure of P. okadai developmental stages, with a focus on head sensilla. The results showed that the eggs of P. okadai are dark brown and cylindro-oval. The larvae are vermiform, divided into 11 segments. The pupae are marked by a conspicuous respiratory tubercle, and the posterior spiracle contains three distinct spiracular slits. Among five types of sensilla (trichoid, intermediate, chaetica, coeloconic, and basiconic), coeloconic, intermediate, and trichoid sensilla were predominantly found on the antennae, while basiconic and chaetica sensilla were distributed on both the antennae and the maxillary palps of P. okadai. The analysis revealed that the absence of dorsal appendages on the eggs distinguishes P. okadai from D. melanogaster. Males have longer antennae and exhibit sexual dimorphism in the length of sensilla (ChII, TB, and LB). This study provides the first comprehensive ultrastructural characterization of P. okadai developmental stages and head sensilla, laying a foundation for species identification and olfactory system research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yikang Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hongle Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yanting Gou
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Bo Luo
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; (D.S.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (H.C.); (Y.G.); (J.Z.); (B.L.); (H.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory for Cancer Prevention and Treatment of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Albergaria RG, Dos Santos Araújo R, Martins GF. Morphological characterization of antennal sensilla in Toxorhynchites theobaldi, Toxorhynchites violaceus, and Lutzia bigoti adults: a comparative study using scanning electron microscopy. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:671-684. [PMID: 38236420 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Some mosquitoes, including species of the genus Toxorhynchites, are known for actively preying on other mosquito larvae, making these predators valuable allies in the fight against vector-borne diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy and physiology of these potential biological control agents is helpful for the development of effective strategies for controlling vector populations. This includes the antennae, a crucial component in the search for hosts, mating, and selection of oviposition sites. This study utilized scanning electron microscopy to characterize the sensilla on the antennae of adult mosquitoes from two species that are exclusively phytophagous, including Toxorhynchites theobaldi and Toxorhynchites violaceus, as well as Lutzia bigoti, which females are allegedly hematophagous. The types of sensilla in each species were compared, and five basic types of antennal sensilla were identified: trichoid, chaetic, coeloconic, basiconic, and ampullacea. The analysis also found that they were morphologically similar across the three species, regardless of feeding habits or sex. The identification and characterization of basic types of antennal sensilla in T. theobaldi, T. violaceus, and L. bigoti suggest that these structures, which play a crucial role in the behavior and ecology, have common functions across different mosquito species, despite differences in feeding habits or sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renan Dos Santos Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Pontal Do Araguaia, MT, 78698-000, Brazil.
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Hao E, Liu R, Xu R, Lu P, Qiao H. Morphology and location of sensilla in the antennae and ovipositor of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2023; 73:101252. [PMID: 36893564 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2023.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius is a major quarantine pest that was reported in China in 2013 and mostly damages Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica. Reverse chemical ecology, which uses chemical lures to catch or block insects from mating is the classic way to control forestry pests. This indicates that insect sensilla play a crucial role in detecting external chemical and physical stimuli. Nonetheless, the categorization and distribution of sensilla on the antennae and ovipositor of S. noctilio are insufficiently specific. In this paper, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the ultrastructure of the sensilla of S. noctilio on the antenna and ovipositor. It was found that the types and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of S. noctilio male and female are consistent, and six types of sensilla are found: sensilla trichodea (ST), sensilla chaetica (SC), Böhm bristles (BB), sensilla basiconica (SB), sensilla ampullacea (SA), and contact chemoreceptors (CC). Besides, there are five types of sensilla on the female ovipositor. In addition to ST, SC and BB, two more types of sensilla are also found: sensilla cavity (SCa) and sensilla coeloconica (SCo). Through identification of the morphology and distribution of the sensilla, the functions of different sensilla in the mating and host selection mechanisms of S. noctilio are proposed, thereby establishing a foundation for S. noctilio chemical communication research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhua Hao
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruirui Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Haili Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Kor G, Mengal K, Buřič M, Kozák P, Niksirat H. Comparative ultrastructure of the antennae and sensory hairs in six species of crayfish. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15006. [PMID: 36908819 PMCID: PMC10000303 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antennae in crayfish are essential for gaining information about the local topography and localising food, chemicals, conspecifics or predator. There are still gaps in the research on the morphology of antennae in decapods compared to other arthropods. Methodology Biometrical and ultrastructural methods were applied using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopies to study the morphology of antennae in six different crayfish species, including marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis, Mexican dwarf crayfish Cambarellus patzcuarensis, red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus, common yabby Cherax destructor, and spiny-cheek crayfish Faxonius limosus to find their potential morphological differences. Results Significant differences in the antenna length, length and width of each segment to carapace length ratios, and the number of segments were found in the six crayfish species. The ultrastructure revealed differences in the distribution of sensory hairs on the antenna and the morphology of the antennal surface. Conclusions The different morphology of antennae might reflect adaptation to the conditions of their specific habitats. In addition, results showed that a combination of differences in the morphological features and biometrical measurements of antennae could be used for the distinguishment of different studied crayfish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golara Kor
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kifayatullah Mengal
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buřič
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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