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Abstract
Bifidobacteria are commensal bacteria, which naturally colonize the gastrointestinal tract of a large number of animals, including humans, contributing to their health and well-being. An important taxonomic marker for the identification of members of the bifidobacterial group is the presence of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (F6PPK) activity. The F6PPK enzyme is involved in the bifidus shunt based on the ability of F6PPK to split fructose-6-phosphate into erythrose-4-phosphate and acetyl phosphate. Here, we describe the two main methods utilized to detect the presence of F6PPK activity, that is, the enzymatic assay and the presence of the D-xylulose-5-phosphate/fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase bifidobacterial gene.
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State of the Art in the Culture of the Human Microbiota: New Interests and Strategies. Clin Microbiol Rev 2020; 34:34/1/e00129-19. [PMID: 33115723 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00129-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The last 5 years have seen a turning point in the study of the gut microbiota with a rebirth of culture-dependent approaches to study the gut microbiota. High-throughput methods have been developed to study bacterial diversity with culture conditions aimed at mimicking the gut environment by using rich media such as YCFA (yeast extract, casein hydrolysate, fatty acids) and Gifu anaerobic medium in an anaerobic workstation, as well as media enriched with rumen and blood and coculture, to mimic the symbiosis of the gut microbiota. Other culture conditions target phenotypic and metabolic features of bacterial species to facilitate their isolation. Preexisting technologies such as next-generation sequencing and flow cytometry have also been utilized to develop innovative methods to isolate previously uncultured bacteria or explore viability in samples of interest. These techniques have been applied to isolate CPR (Candidate Phyla Radiation) among other, more classic approaches. Methanogenic archaeal and fungal cultures present different challenges than bacterial cultures. Efforts to improve the available systems to grow archaea have been successful through coculture systems. For fungi that are more easily isolated from the human microbiota, the challenge resides in the identification of the isolates, which has been approached by applying matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry technology to fungi. Bacteriotherapy represents a nonnegligible avenue in the future of medicine to correct dysbiosis and improve health or response to therapy. Although great strides have been achieved in the last 5 years, efforts in bacterial culture need to be sustained to continue deciphering the dark matter of metagenomics, particularly CPR, and extend these methods to archaea and fungi.
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Appert O, Garcia AR, Frei R, Roduit C, Constancias F, Neuzil-Bunesova V, Ferstl R, Zhang J, Akdis C, Lauener R, Lacroix C, Schwab C. Initial butyrate producers during infant gut microbiota development are endospore formers. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3909-3921. [PMID: 32686173 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of the infant gut microbiota is key to establishing a host-microbiota symbiosis. Microbially produced metabolites tightly interact with the immune system, and the fermentation-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate is considered an important mediator linked to chronic diseases later in life. The intestinal butyrate-forming bacterial population is taxonomically and functionally diverse and includes endospore formers with high transmission potential. Succession, and contribution of butyrate-producing taxa during infant gut microbiota development have been little investigated. We determined the abundance of major butyrate-forming groups and fermentation metabolites in faeces, isolated, cultivated and characterized the heat-resistant cell population, which included endospores, and compared butyrate formation efficiency of representative taxa in batch cultures. The endospore community contributed about 0.001% to total cells, and was mainly composed of the pioneer butyrate-producing Clostridium sensu stricto. We observed an increase in abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, butyrate-producing Lachnospiraceae and faecal butyrate levels with age that is likely explained by higher butyrate production capacity of contributing taxa compared with Clostridium sensu stricto. Our data suggest that a successional arrangement and an overall increase in abundance of butyrate forming populations occur during the first year of life, which is associated with an increase of intestinal butyrate formation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Appert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alejandro Ramirez Garcia
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Remo Frei
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Roduit
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vera Neuzil-Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruth Ferstl
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi Akdis
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zürich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Roger Lauener
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland.,Children's Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Division of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Preventive Effect of Bifidobacterium Supplementation on Neonatal Cholestasis in Preterm Neonates with Very Low Birth Weight. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:4625315. [PMID: 32211042 PMCID: PMC7085826 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4625315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholestasis is a common but serious clinical condition in preterm neonates. The current management for preterm neonatal cholestasis has limitations. The aim of this study was to determine effects of Bifidobacterium supplementation on the prevention and alleviation of cholestasis in preterm infants with very low birth weight. Methods Preterm neonates with very low birth weight were enrolled in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University between December 2012 and December 2017. The patients were randomly assigned into Bifidobacterium and control groups, and effects of Bifidobacterium supplementation on the outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics in the two groups. Notably, the proportion of cases with neonatal cholestasis was significantly lower, with fewer neonatal cholestasis-associated complications in the Bifidobacterium group compared with the control group (6% versus 22%, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (days, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the Bifidobacterium group exhibited less severe cholestasis and better improvement of the liver function than the control group as evidenced by the biochemical tests ( Conclusions Bifidobacterium supplementation has significantly preventive and other beneficial effects on the management of cholestasis in preterm infants with very low birth weight. Its long-term safety and effectiveness will need further investigation. This trial is registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registration No. ChiCTR1900022296).
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Ng ZJ, Zarin MA, Lee CK, Phapugrangkul P, Tan JS. Isolation and characterization of Enterococcus faecium DSM 20477 with ability to secrete antimicrobial substance for the inhibition of oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans UKMCC 1019. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104617. [PMID: 31794906 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are the main oral pathogens which contribute to dental caries that affects all ages of human being. OBJECTIVES This study focuses on the potential of crude cell free supernatant (CCFS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to inhibit of the growth of S. mutans UKMCC 1019. DESIGN A total of 61 CCFS from LAB strains were screened for their inhibitory ability against S. mutans UKMCC 1019 by broth microdilution method. The selected LAB with highest antimicrobial activity was identified and its CCFS was characterized for pH stability, temperature tolerance, enzyme sensitivity, metabolism of carbohydrates, enzymatic activities and antimicrobial activity against S. mutans UKMCC 1019 and C. albicans UKMCC 3001 by well diffusion assay. The effect of CCFS on cell structure of S. mutans UKMCC 1019 was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS The CCFS from isolate CC2 from Kimchi showed the highest inhibition against S. mutans UKMCC 1019, which was 76.46 % or 4406.08 mm2/mL and it was identified to be most closely related to Enterococcus faecium DSM 20477 based on 16 s rRNA sequencing. The CCFS of E. faecium DSM 20477 had high tolerance to acidic and alkaline environment as well as high temperature. It also shows high antifungal activities against C. albicans UKMCC 3001 with 2362.56 mm2/mL. Under TEM, the cell walls and the cytoplasm membrane of S. mutans UKMCC 1019 were disrupted by the antimicrobial substance, causing cell lysis. CONCLUSIONS Hence, the CCFS from E. faecium DSM 20477 is a potential bacteriocin in future for the treatment of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Jin Ng
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mazni Abu Zarin
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Chee Keong Lee
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | | | - Joo Shun Tan
- Bioprocess Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Musilova S, Modrackova N, Hermanova P, Hudcovic T, Svejstil R, Rada V, Tejnecky V, Bunesova V. Assessment of the synbiotic properites of human milk oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in vitro and in humanised mice. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:281-289. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mode of delivery plays a crucial role in infant gastrointestinal tract colonisation, which in the case of caesarean section is characterised by the presence of clostridia and low bifidobacterial counts. Gut colonisation can be modified by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are infant prebiotics that show a bifidogenic effect. Moreover, genome sequencing of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis within the infant microbiome revealed adaptations for milk utilisation. This study aimed to evaluate the synbiotic effect of B. longum subsp. infantis, HMOs and human milk (HM) both in vitro and in vivo (in a humanised mouse model) in the presence of faecal microbiota from infants born by caesarean section. The combination of B. longum and HMOs or HM reduced the clostridia and G-bacteria counts both in vitro and in vivo. The bifidobacterial population in vitro significantly increased and produce high concentrations of acetate and lactate. In vitro competition assays confirmed that the tested bifidobacterial strain is a potential probiotic for infants and, together with HMOs or HM, acts as a synbiotic. It is also able to inhibit potentially pathogenic bacteria. The synbiotic effects identified in vitro were not observed in vivo. However, there was a significant reduction in clostridia counts in both experimental animal groups (HMOs + B. longum and HM + B. longum), and a specific immune response via increased interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 production. Animal models do not perfectly mimic human conditions; however, they are essential for testing the safety of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - N. Modrackova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - P. Hermanova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Doly 183, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - T. Hudcovic
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Doly 183, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic
| | - R. Svejstil
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - V. Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - V. Tejnecky
- Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - V. Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Gupta RS, Nanda A, Khadka B. Novel molecular, structural and evolutionary characteristics of the phosphoketolases from bifidobacteria and Coriobacteriales. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172176. [PMID: 28212383 PMCID: PMC5315409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Members from the order Bifidobacteriales, which include many species exhibiting health promoting effects, differ from all other organisms in using a unique pathway for carbohydrate metabolism, known as the “bifid shunt”, which utilizes the enzyme phosphoketolase (PK) to carry out the phosphorolysis of both fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and xylulose-5-phosphate (X5P). In contrast to bifidobacteria, the PKs found in other organisms (referred to XPK) are able to metabolize primarily X5P and show very little activity towards F6P. Presently, very little is known about the molecular or biochemical basis of the differences in the two forms of PKs. Comparative analyses of PK sequences from different organisms reported here have identified multiple high-specific sequence features in the forms of conserved signature inserts and deletions (CSIs) in the PK sequences that clearly distinguish the X5P/F6P phosphoketolases (XFPK) of bifidobacteria from the XPK homologs found in most other organisms. Interestingly, most of the molecular signatures that are specific for the XFPK from bifidobacteria are also shared by the PK homologs from the Coriobacteriales order of Actinobacteria. Similarly to the Bifidobacteriales, the order Coriobacteriales is also made up of commensal organisms, that are saccharolytic and able to metabolize wide variety of carbohydrates, producing lactate and other metabolites. Phylogenetic studies provide evidence that the XFPK from bifidobacteria are specifically related to those found in the Coriobacteriales and suggest that the gene for PK (XFPK) was horizontally transferred between these two groups. A number of the identified CSIs in the XFPK sequence, which serve to distinguish the XFPK homologs from XPK homologs, are located at the subunit interface in the structure of the XFPK dimer protein. The results of protein modelling and subunit docking studies indicate that these CSIs are involved in the formation/stabilization of the protein dimer. The significance of these observations regarding the differences in the activities of the XFPK and XPK homologs are discussed. Additionally, this work also discusses the significance of the XFPK-like homologs, similar to those found in bifidobacteria, in the order Coriobacteriales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhey S. Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Anish Nanda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bijendra Khadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Hu L, Wang L, Lu W, Zhai Q, Fan D, Liu X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Selection, identification and application of DNA aptamers for the detection of Bifidobacterium breve. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27672e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) aptamer binding toBifidobacterium brevewith high avidity and selectivity was selected through a whole-bacterium-based SELEX process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Daming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- PR China
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Novakova J, Vlkova E, Salmonova H, Pechar R, Rada V, Kokoska L. Anticlostridial agent 8-hydroxyquinoline improves the isolation of faecal bifidobacteria on modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with mupirocin. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:330-5. [PMID: 26849418 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The need for suitable selective cultivation media for the isolation of Bifidobacterium spp. continues to be a real concern in the field of intestinal microbiology. Isolation of bifidobacteria from human and animal faecal samples using selective agar plating may be problematic especially in samples with increased clostridial counts than bifidobacterial counts. Due to the absence of anticlostridial agents in existing selective media, clostridia can displace bifidobacteria resulting in incorrect estimation of their counts. Therefore, we supplemented the existing selective medium 'modified Wilkins Chalgren agar with mupirocin' (MWM) with 90 mg l(-1) of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), which was recently proved to act selectively against clostridia. The newly composed 'modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with 8HQ' (MWMQ) was tested on pure bifidobacterial and clostridial strains, their mixtures, and using faecal samples of mammalian origin; its selectivity was evaluated by genus-specific identification of isolates. The results demonstrated that the presence of 8HQ in this agar eliminated the growth of nonbifidobacterial strains on MWMQ compared to that on MWM, whereas the recovery of bifidobacterial counts was at satisfactory levels. In conclusion, MWMQ could be recommended for bifidobacterial isolation from human and animal faeces especially when bifidobacteria are not numerically dominant and there are chances of clostridial contamination. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Routine isolation of bifidobacteria from mammalian faeces does not use a reliable selective agar with an anticlostridial agent. Overgrowth of clostridia may result in incorrect estimation of bifidobacterial counts. Thus, in order to improve the selectivity of existing media for bifidobacterial isolation, we chose the modified Wilkins-Chalgren agar with mupirocin and supplemented it with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), a molecule that shows anticlostridial activity without affecting the growth of bifidobacteria. This newly composed medium showed enhanced selectivity and specificity compared to the original medium and therefore, can be recommended for the isolation of bifidobacteria from mammal faeces.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novakova
- Department of Quality of Agricultural Products, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H Salmonova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Pechar
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kelly ED, Bottacini F, O'Callaghan J, Motherway MO, O'Connell KJ, Stanton C, van Sinderen D. Glycoside hydrolase family 13 α-glucosidases encoded by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003; A comparative analysis of function, structure and phylogeny. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 224:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Barrett E, Deshpandey AK, Ryan CA, Dempsey EM, Murphy B, O'Sullivan L, Watkins C, Ross RP, O'Toole PW, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. The neonatal gut harbours distinct bifidobacterial strains. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2015; 100:F405-10. [PMID: 25896967 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-306110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have described the bifidobacterial composition of neonates at a species level; however, with advancing technologies we can gain insight into the diversity of the bifidobacterial microbiota residing within the infant gut. OBJECTIVE To compare species and strain diversity of culturable bifidobacterial populations in faecal samples obtained from healthy term infants on three different feeding regimes. STUDY DESIGN In total, 51 healthy term infants were recruited for this study and divided equally into three different groups (n=17) based on their feeding regime during the first 4 weeks of life. Culturable bifidobacterial populations were analysed at week 1, week 4 and 6 months of age. Isolates were characterised to species level by 16s rRNA-internally transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequence analysis and to strain level by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS In total,173 bifidobacterial strains were detected across all three groups from 2295 isolates, 42% (72 of 173) of which were detected in the prebiotic-fed group, followed by 30% (52 of 173) and 28% (49 of 173) in the breastfed and non-prebiotic-fed groups, respectively. Surprisingly, only two of the 51 infants harboured an identical bifidobacterial strain which was not present in the other 49 infants. Prebiotic supplementation in the early neonatal period increased the prevalence of Bifidobacterium longum in infants, in addition to promoting strain diversity. B. longum was the dominant species recovered from all three groups during the first 6 months of life, followed by Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium bifidum. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a hitherto unknown level of diversity at the strain level among bifidobacteria isolated from different infants and the influence prebiotic formula feeding has on the bifidobacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Barrett
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - A K Deshpandey
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - C A Ryan
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan Murphy
- Department of Paediatric and Child Health, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Neonatology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - L O'Sullivan
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - C Watkins
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul W O'Toole
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald F Fitzgerald
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Programme, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, National University of Ireland, Co. Cork, Ireland
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12
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Vlková E, Salmonová H, Bunešová V, Geigerová M, Rada V, Musilová Š. A new medium containing mupirocin, acetic acid, and norfloxacin for the selective cultivation of bifidobacteria. Anaerobe 2015; 34:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Musilova S, Rada V, Marounek M, Nevoral J, Dušková D, Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Zelenka R. Prebiotic Effects of a Novel Combination of Galactooligosaccharides and Maltodextrins. J Med Food 2015; 18:685-9. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Marounek
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Nevoral
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vera Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Rada V, Killer J, Musilova S. Bifidobacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of animals: differences and similarities. Benef Microbes 2015; 5:377-88. [PMID: 24889892 DOI: 10.3920/bm2013.0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At present, the genus Bifidobacterium includes 48 species and subspecies, and this number is expected to increase. Bifidobacteria are found in different ecological niches. However, most were originally isolated from animals, mainly mammals, especially during the milk feeding period of life. Their presence in high numbers is associated with good health of the host. Moreover, bifidobacteria are often found in poultry and insects that exhibit a social mode of life (honeybees and bumblebees). This review is designed as a summary of currently known species of the genus Bifidobacterium, especially focused on their difference and similarities. The primary focus is on their occurrence in the digestive tract of animals, as well as the specificities of animal strains, with regard to their potential use as probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - E Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - V Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - J Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 14200 Prague 4-Krč, Czech Republic
| | - S Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 16521 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
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15
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Musilova S, Rada V, Vlkova E, Bunesova V, Nevoral J. Colonisation of the gut by bifidobacteria is much more common in vaginal deliveries than Caesarean sections. Acta Paediatr 2015; 104:e184-6. [PMID: 25601553 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Agrobiology; Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Agrobiology; Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Agrobiology; Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Vera Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics; Faculty of Agrobiology; Food and Natural Resources; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Nevoral
- Department of Paediatrics; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University in Prague; Prague 5 Czech Republic
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16
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Novakova J, Džunková M, Musilova S, Vlkova E, Kokoska L, Moya A, D'Auria G. Selective growth-inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline towards Clostridium difficile and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum in co-culture analysed by flow cytometry. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1663-1669. [PMID: 25298160 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.080796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The major risk factor for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the use of antibiotics owing to the disruption of the equilibrium of the host gut microbiota. To preserve the beneficial resident probiotic bacteria during infection treatment, the use of molecules with selective antibacterial activity enhances the efficacy by selectively removing C. difficile. One of them is the plant alkaloid 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), which has been shown to selectively inhibit clostridia without repressing bifidobacteria. Selective antimicrobial activity is generally tested by culture techniques of individual bacterial strains. However, the main limitation of these techniques is the inability to describe differential growth dynamics of more bacterial strains in co-culture within the same experiment. In the present study, we combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and flow cytometry to describe the changes in active and non-active cells of a mixed culture formed by the opportunistic pathogen C. difficile CECT 531 and the beneficial Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum CCMDMND BL1 after exposure to 8HQ. It was observed that without 8HQ, the proportion of both strains was almost equal, oscillating between 22.7 and 77.9 % during a time lapse of 12 h, whereas with 8HQ the proportion of active C. difficile decreased after 4 h, and persisted only between 8.8 and 17.5 %. In contrast, bifidobacterial growth was not disturbed by 8HQ. The results of this study showed the selective inhibitory effect of 8HQ on clostridial and bifidobacterial growth dynamics, and the potential of this compound for the development of selective agents to control CDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Novakova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Džunková
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salud Pública, Avenida de Catalunya 21, Valencia 46020, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sarka Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Andrés Moya
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salud Pública, Avenida de Catalunya 21, Valencia 46020, Spain
| | - Giuseppe D'Auria
- Centro de Investigación en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEResp), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Joint Unit of Research in Genomics and Health, Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO)-Salud Pública, Avenida de Catalunya 21, Valencia 46020, Spain
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17
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Pechar R, Rada V, Parafati L, Musilova S, Bunesova V, Vlkova E, Killer J, Mrazek J, Kmet V, Svejstil R. Mupirocin-mucin agar for selective enumeration of Bifidobacterium bifidum. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 191:32-5. [PMID: 25217723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium bifidum is a bacterial species exclusively found in the human intestinal tract. This species is becoming increasingly popular as a probiotic organism added to lyophilized products. In this study, porcine mucin was used as the sole carbon source for the selective enumeration of B. bifidum in probiotic food additives. Thirty-six bifidobacterial strains were cultivated in broth with mucin. Only 13 strains of B. bifidum utilized the mucin to produce acids. B. bifidum was selectively enumerated in eight probiotic food supplements using agar (MM agar) containing mupirocin (100 mg/L) and mucin (20 g/L) as the sole carbon source. MM agar was fully selective if the B. bifidum species was presented together with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum species and with lactic acid bacteria (lactobacilli, streptococci). Isolated strains of B. bifidum were identified using biochemical, PCR, MALDI-TOF procedures and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The novel selective medium was also suitable for the isolation of B. bifidum strains from human fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radko Pechar
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Rada
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucia Parafati
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Systems Management, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Sarka Musilova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Bunesova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Vlkova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Killer
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrazek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, Prague 4 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Kmet
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Soltesovej 4-6, 040 01 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Roman Svejstil
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6 165 21, Czech Republic
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18
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Novakova J, Vlkova E, Bonusova B, Rada V, Kokoska L. In vitro selective inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline against bifidobacteria and clostridia. Anaerobe 2013; 22:134-6. [PMID: 23770542 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
8-Hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) inhibited Clostridium tertium, Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens in vitro with MICs of 8, 16, 32 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, MICs of most bifidobacteria (84%) were 512 μg/mL or higher. Thus, 8HQ could be used as anti-clostridial agent or in selective media for bifidobacteria isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Novakova
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21 Prague 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
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19
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Rosero JA, Strosová L, Mrázek J, Fliegerová K, Kopečný J. PCR detection of uncultured rumen bacteria. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:325-30. [PMID: 22528308 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
16S rRNA sequences of ruminal uncultured bacterial clones from public databases were phylogenetically examined. The sequences were found to form two unique clusters not affiliated with any known bacterial species: cluster of unidentified sequences of free floating rumen fluid uncultured bacteria (FUB) and cluster of unidentified sequences of bacteria associated with rumen epithelium (AUB). A set of PCR primers targeting 16S rRNA of ruminal free uncultured bacteria and rumen epithelium adhering uncultured bacteria was designed based on these sequences. FUB primers were used for relative quantification of uncultured bacteria in ovine rumen samples. The effort to increase the population size of FUB group has been successful in sulfate reducing broth and culture media supplied with cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Rosero
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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20
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Bunešová V, Vlková E, Rada V, Kňazovická V, Ročková Š, Geigerová M, Božik M. Growth of infant fecal bacteria on commercial prebiotics. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:273-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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21
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Rockova S, Rada V, Nevoral J, Marsik P, Vlkova E, Bunesova V. Inter-species differences in the growth of bifidobacteria cultured on human milk oligosaccharides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2012; 57:321-4. [PMID: 22491988 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-012-0134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human milk (HM) contains as the third most abundant component around 200 different structures of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are the first and irreplaceable prebiotics for infants, supporting bifidobacteria as the most important bacterial group in an infant intestine. The aim of our study was to test the growth of bifidobacteria in HM and on HMOs. Bifidobacteria were isolated from two groups of infants. The first one (eight strains) were isolated from infants who had bifidobacteria in their feces but, after a short period of time (4 to 24 days), bifidobacteria were no longer detected in their feces (disappeared bifidobacteria [DB]). The second group of bifidobacteria (eight strains) originated from infants with continual presence of bifidobacteria in their feces (persistent bifidobacteria [PB]). There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between DB and PB groups in the ability of the strains to grow in HM. PB grew in HM, reaching counts higher than 7 log CFU/ml. In contrast, counts of DB decreased from 5 to 4.3 log CFU/ml after cultivation in HM. The final pH after cultivation of bifidobacteria on HMOs was 6.2 and 4.9 in DP and PB groups, respectively. In general, Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. breve species were able to utilize HMOs, while B. adolescentis and B. longum subsp. longum species did not. The ability to grow in HM and to utilize HMOs seem to be important properties of bifidobacteria which are able to colonize infant intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarka Rockova
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, Prague 6, 165 21, Czech Republic
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22
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Sriphannam W, Lumyong S, Niumsap P, Ashida H, Yamamoto K, Khanongnuch C. A selected probiotic strain of Lactobacillus fermentum CM33 isolated from breast-fed infants as a potential source of β-galactosidase for prebiotic oligosaccharide synthesis. J Microbiol 2012; 50:119-26. [PMID: 22367946 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-1108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria from healthy breast-fed infants were isolated and screened for β-galactosidase production in MRS broth. Among 49 isolates that exhibited the yellow clear zone on MRS agar supplemented with bromocresol blue, the isolate CM33 was selected as being the highest β-galactosidase producer and was identified as Lactobacillus fermentum based on its morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence. L. fermentum CM33 exhibited a good survival rate under the simulated stomach passage model, comparable to known probiotic strains L. gallinarum JCM2011 and L. agilis JCM1187. L. fermentum CM33 was antagonistic to pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli 0157:H7, Salmonella typhi, and Salmonella enteriditis, using the well diffusion method. In addition, the selected lactobacilli exhibited a high growth rate when cultivated in modified MRS containing commercial galactooligosaccharide (GOS) as a sole carbon source, as well as in glucose. A preliminary study on the enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharide using crude β-galactosidase revealed the capability for oligosaccharide synthesis by the transgalactosylation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wattana Sriphannam
- Division of Biotechnology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand
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23
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Occurrence of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in digestive tract of some freshwater fishes. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Efficiency of PCR-based methods in discriminating Bifidobacterium longum ssp. longum and Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis strains of human origin. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 87:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Rockova S, Rada V, Marsik P, Vlkova E, Bunesova V, Sklenar J, Splichal I. Growth of bifidobacteria and clostridia on human and cow milk saccharides. Anaerobe 2011; 17:223-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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26
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Fermentation of mucin by bifidobacteria from rectal samples of humans and rectal and intestinal samples of animals. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2011; 56:85-9. [PMID: 21468760 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-011-0022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria (246 strains in total) were isolated from rectal samples of infants and adult humans and animals, and from intestinal samples of calves. Twenty-five strains grew well on mucin: 20 from infants, two from adults, and three from goatlings. Poor or no growth on mucin was observed in 156 bifidobacterial strains of animal origin. The difference between human and animal isolates in ability to grow on mucin was significant at p < 0.001. Nine human strains with the best growth on mucin were identified as Bifidobacterium bifidum. These strains produced extracellular, membrane-bound, and intracellular mucinases with activities of 0.11, 0.53, and 0.09 μmol/min of reducing sugars per milligram of protein, respectively. Membrane-bound mucinases were active between pH 5 and 10. The optimum pH of extracellular mucinases was 6-7. Fermentation patterns in cultures grown on mucin and glucose differed. On mucin, the acetate-to-lactate ratio was higher than in cultures grown on glucose (p = 0.012). We showed that the bifidobacteria belong to the mucin-fermenting bacteria in humans, but their significance in mucin degradation in animals seems to be limited.
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27
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Dubná S, Rada V, Vlková E, Hořejšová V, Havlík J. Growth of bifidobacteria in a fermented wheat germ medium. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.39.2010.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Suzuki R, Katayama T, Kim BJ, Wakagi T, Shoun H, Ashida H, Yamamoto K, Fushinobu S. Crystal structures of phosphoketolase: thiamine diphosphate-dependent dehydration mechanism. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:34279-87. [PMID: 20739284 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.156281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzymes are ubiquitously present in all organisms and catalyze essential reactions in various metabolic pathways. ThDP-dependent phosphoketolase plays key roles in the central metabolism of heterofermentative bacteria and in the pentose catabolism of various microbes. In particular, bifidobacteria, representatives of beneficial commensal bacteria, have an effective glycolytic pathway called bifid shunt in which 2.5 mol of ATP are produced per glucose. Phosphoketolase catalyzes two steps in the bifid shunt because of its dual-substrate specificity; they are phosphorolytic cleavage of fructose 6-phosphate or xylulose 5-phosphate to produce aldose phosphate, acetyl phosphate, and H(2)O. The phosphoketolase reaction is different from other well studied ThDP-dependent enzymes because it involves a dehydration step. Although phosphoketolase was discovered more than 50 years ago, its three-dimensional structure remains unclear. In this study we report the crystal structures of xylulose 5-phosphate/fructose 6-phosphate phosphoketolase from Bifidobacterium breve. The structures of the two intermediates before and after dehydration (α,β-dihydroxyethyl ThDP and 2-acetyl-ThDP) and complex with inorganic phosphate give an insight into the mechanism of each step of the enzymatic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichiro Suzuki
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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29
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Parenteral antibiotics reduce bifidobacteria colonization and diversity in neonates. Int J Microbiol 2010; 2011. [PMID: 20811542 PMCID: PMC2929493 DOI: 10.1155/2011/130574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the impact of parenteral antibiotic treatment in the early neonatal period on the evolution of bifidobacteria in the newborn. Nine babies treated with intravenous ampicillin/gentamicin in the first week of life and nine controls (no antibiotic treatment) were studied. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to investigate the composition of Bifidobacterium in stool samples taken at four and eight weeks. Bifidobacteria were detected in all control infants at both four and eight weeks, while only six of nine antibiotic-treated infants had detectable bifidobacteria at four weeks and eight of nine at eight weeks. Moreover, stool samples of controls showed greater diversity of Bifidobacterium spp. compared with antibiotic-treated infants. In conclusion, short-term parenteral antibiotic treatment of neonates causes a disturbance in the expected colonization pattern of bifidobacteria in the first months of life. Further studies are required to probiotic determine if supplementation is necessary in this patient group.
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30
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Price NP, Whitehead TR, Côté GL. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques for metabolic flux analysis of the Bifido shunt pathway. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420500533325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sheu SJ, Hwang WZ, Chen HC, Chiang YC, Tsen HY. Development and use of tuf gene-based primers for the multiplex PCR detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei group, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Bifidobacterium longum in commercial dairy products. J Food Prot 2009; 72:93-100. [PMID: 19205469 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.1.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PCR primers specific for the detection of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei group, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, and Bifidobacterium longum were designed based on the elongation factor Tu gene (tuf). The specificity of these four primer sets were confirmed by PCR with 88 bacterial strains of Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, and other bacterial species. Results indicated that these primer sets generated predicted PCR products of 397, 230, 202, and 161 bp for L. acidophilus, L. delbrueckii, L. casei group, and B. longum, respectively. Bacterial species other than the target organisms tested did not generate false-positive results. When these four primer sets were combined for the simultaneous detection of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in fermented milk products including yogurt, the LAB species listed on the labels of these products could be identified without the preenrichment step. The identification limit for each LAB strain with this multiplex PCR method was N X 10(3) CFU/ml in milk samples. The results of our multiplex PCR method were confirmed by PCR assay using primers based on the 16S rDNA or the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region and by biochemical tests using the API 50 CHL kit. When this multiplex PCR method was used with the determination of counts of total viable LAB and bifidobacteria, the quality of commercial fermented milk products could be assured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Je Sheu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung City, Taiwan 402, Republic of China
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Characterization of two novel alpha-glucosidases from Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 75:1135-43. [PMID: 19114534 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02391-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two alpha-glucosidase-encoding genes (agl1 and agl2) from Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003 were identified and characterized. Based on their similarity to characterized carbohydrate hydrolases, the Agl1 and Agl2 enzymes are both assigned to a subgroup of the glycosyl hydrolase family 13, the alpha-1,6-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.10). Recombinant Agl1 and Agl2 into which a His(12) sequence was incorporated (Agl1(His) and Agl2(His), respectively) exhibited hydrolytic activity towards panose, isomaltose, isomaltotriose, and four sucrose isomers--palatinose, trehalulose, turanose, and maltulose--while also degrading trehalose and, to a lesser extent, nigerose. The preferred substrates for both enzymes were panose, isomaltose, and trehalulose. Furthermore, the pH and temperature optima for both enzymes were determined, showing that Agl1(His) exhibits higher thermo and pH optima than Agl2(His). The two purified alpha-1,6-glucosidases were also shown to have transglycosylation activity, synthesizing oligosaccharides from palatinose, trehalulose, trehalose, panose, and isomaltotriose.
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Rada V, Nevoral J, Trojanová I, Tománková E, Šmehilová M, Killer J. Growth of infant faecal bifidobacteria and clostridia on prebiotic oligosaccharides in in vitro conditions. Anaerobe 2008; 14:205-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Vlková E, Rada V, Šmehilová M, Killer J. Auto-aggregation and Co-aggregation ability in bifidobacteria and clostridia. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53:263-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12223-008-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Campeotto F, Waligora-Dupriet AJ, Doucet-Populaire F, Kalach N, Dupont C, Butel MJ. [Establishment of the intestinal microflora in neonates]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 31:533-42. [PMID: 17541346 DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(07)89424-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem harbouring about 10(14) micro-organisms composed of nearly 400 hundred species. It plays various important functions in the gut, including metabolic, flora, barrier and stimulation of the intestinal immune system. Most studies have been based on culture, but more recent molecular biology techniques have provided complementary information. The formation of this ecosystem begins rapidly in the newborn; it is sterile at birth and is based on contact with the maternal flora and the surrounding environment. Although little is known about the factors leading to the development of bacteria, numerous external factors will affect the microbial succession: mode of delivery, environmental conditions, type of feeding, gestational age, and antibiotics. Recent data report a delay in intestinal colonization especially of enteric maternal bacteria. Which may be due to strict hygiene measures during birth. The clinical impact of these variations is not known but they could lead to lack of barrier flora or poor immune system stimulation in the gut. Modulation of gut microbiota in neonates with infant formulas containing either probiotics, prebiotics or non viable bacterias and their metabolites, or nucleotides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Campeotto
- Néonatologie et nutrition pédiatrique, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Université René Descartes, Paris, France
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Butel MJ, Suau A, Campeotto F, Magne F, Aires J, Ferraris L, Kalach N, Leroux B, Dupont C. Conditions of bifidobacterial colonization in preterm infants: a prospective analysis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007; 44:577-82. [PMID: 17460489 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0b013e3180406b20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature birth results in a delayed and abnormal qualitative pattern of gut colonization. This abnormal pattern is thought to affect intestinal development and contribute to a higher risk of gastrointestinal infectious diseases such as neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In particular, bifidobacteria are thought to play a major role. We therefore studied bifidobacterial colonization in preterm infants during the first month of life. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fecal samples were prospectively analyzed in 52 infants born at a gestational age ranging from 30 to 35 weeks fed with a preterm formula alone and, in 18, with their mother's milk. Fecal samples were collected twice per week during the hospital stay. Bifidobacterial colonization was analyzed with culture and a molecular method. RESULTS Bifidobacterial colonization occurred in 18 infants at a median age of 11 days, always greater than the corrected mean gestational age of 35.4 weeks (SD, 0.9) and greater than 34 weeks for 16 of 18. Colonization by bifidobacteria was affected by neither birthweight nor mode of delivery nor antibiotics given to the mother or infant. In contrast, birth gestational age had a significant impact on colonization by bifidobacteria (P < 0.05), which always occurred in children born at a birth gestational age greater than 32.9 weeks (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Birth gestational age seems to act as a major determinant of bifidobacterial colonization in the premature infant, suggesting the role of gut maturation, a finding that should probably be taken into account in manipulations of the gut flora aimed at reducing NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-José Butel
- Department of Microbiology, EA 4065, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
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Carmen Collado M, Hernández M. Identification and differentiation of Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium species in fermented milk products with bifidobacteria. Microbiol Res 2006; 162:86-92. [PMID: 17112712 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 09/05/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and discriminate bacteria contained in commercial fermented milks with bifidobacteria by the use of amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques. ARDRA of the 16S rDNA gene and RAPD were performed on 13 Lactobacillus strains, 13 Streptococcus and 13 Bifidobacterium strains isolated from commercial fermented milk. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis isolates were identified by genus- and species-PCR and also, they were differentiated at genus and species level by ARDRA using MwoI restriction enzyme. The ARDRA technique allowed for the discrimination among these three related genus with the use of only one restriction enzyme, since distinctive profiles were obtained for each genus. Therefore it can be a simple, rapid and useful method for routine identification. Also, RAPD technique allowed the discrimination of all bacteria contained in dairy products, at genus- and strain-level by the performance of one PCR reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Collado
- Dpto. Biotecnología. Area Microbiología, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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Vlková E, Trojanová I, Rada V. Distribution of bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract of calves. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2006; 51:325-8. [PMID: 17007437 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Development of gastrointestinal microflora of calves with special reference to bifidobacteria was investigated; fecal bacteria were enumerated in calves aged 3 days to 7 weeks. Bacteria were detected by using selective media, bifidobacteria using modified TPY agar with an addition of mupirocin and acetic acid and by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Bifidobacteria were dominant group of fecal flora of calves after 7 d of life, constituting 10 % of total bacterial counts. The highest bacterial concentrations were observed in rumen, cecum, and colon, the lowest in abomasum and duodenum. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli exhibited the highest survival ability during stomach passage and dominated in all parts of the digestive tract. Bifidobacteria counts determined by FISH were significantly higher than those provided by cultivation. Modified TPY agar was highly selective and suitable for bifidobacteria isolation but FISH was shown to be a more precise method for their enumeration. Our results show that gastrointestinal microflora of calves in the milk-feeding period is similar to breast-fed infants with respect to the occurrence of bifidobacteria as a dominant bacterial group. The use of Bifidobacterium strains offers a promising way for providing beneficial effectors for calves in the milk-feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Vlková
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Czech University of Agriculture Prague, Czechia.
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Collado MC, Moreno Y, Cobo JM, Hernández M. Microbiological evaluation and molecular characterization of bifidobacteria strains in commercial fermented milks. Eur Food Res Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-005-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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