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Sohrabi H, Majidi MR, Fakhraei M, Jahanban-Esfahlan A, Hejazi M, Oroojalian F, Baradaran B, Tohidast M, Guardia MDL, Mokhtarzadeh A. Lateral flow assays (LFA) for detection of pathogenic bacteria: A small point-of-care platform for diagnosis of human infectious diseases. Talanta 2022; 243:123330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Diani E, Piccaluga PP, Lotti V, Di Clemente A, Ligozzi M, De Nardo P, Lambertenghi L, Pizzolo F, Friso S, Lo Cascio G, Vianello A, Marchi G, Concia E, Gibellini D. Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibody detection with a lateral flow immunoassay test. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08192. [PMID: 34693063 PMCID: PMC8525011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dramatic impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the worldwide public health has elicited the rapid assessment of molecular and serological diagnostic methods. Notwithstanding the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on molecular biology approaches including multiplex or singleplex real time RT-PCR, there is a real need for affordable and rapid serological methods to support diagnostics, and surveillance of infection spreading. In this study, we performed a diagnostic accuracy analysis of COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test cassette lateral flow immunoassay test (LFIA) assay. To do so, we analyzed different cohorts of blood samples obtained from 151 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay positive patients (group 1) and 51 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay negative patients (group 2) in terms of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and likelihood ratios. In addition, we challenged LFIA with plasma from 99 patients stored during 2015–2017 period. Our results showed that this LFIA detected SARS-CoV-2 IgM and/or IgG in 103 out of 151 (68.21%) samples of group 1, whereas no IgM and/or IgG detection was displayed both in the group 2 and in pre-pandemic samples. Interestingly, IgM and/or IgG positivity was detected in 86 out of 94 (91.49%) group 1 samples collected after 10 days from symptoms onset whereas only 17 out of 57 of group 1 samples obtained before day 10 were positive to SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies. We also compared the performance of this LFIA test with respect to other four different LFIA assays in 40 serum samples from multiplex RT-PCR positive individuals. Within the limits of the study size, the results demonstrated that COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test cassette LFIA assay displayed valid performance in IgM and IgG detection when compared with the other four LFIA assays. Hence, this approach might be considered as an alternative point-of-care procedure for SARS-CoV-2 serological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Diani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy.,School of Health, Department of Pathology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Clemente
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Ligozzi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Nardo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lambertenghi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine B, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Simonetta Friso
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine B, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alice Vianello
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine D, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Marchi
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine D, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Italy
| | - Ercole Concia
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Davide Gibellini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Microbiology Section, University of Verona, Italy
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Schwaminger S, Rottmueller ME, Fischl R, Kalali B, Berensmeier S. Detection of targeted bacteria species on filtration membranes. Analyst 2021; 146:3549-3556. [PMID: 33899848 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The detection of pathogens in aquatic environments issues a time-consuming challenge, but it is an essential task to prevent the spread of diseases. We have developed a new point-of-care (POC) method for the fast and efficient detection of Legionella pneumophila in water. The method consists first of the generation of immunocomplexes of bacteria species with its corresponding targeted fluorescence-labelled serogroup-specific antibodies, and second a concentration step of pathogens with a membrane filter. Third, on the filtration membrane, our method can detect the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the pathogen concentration. Thus selective and efficient evidence for the presence of bacteria can be evaluated. We tested our system on fluorescent Escherichia coli bacteria and were able to reach an accurate determination of 1000 cells. The technique was furthermore tested on Legionella pneumophila cells, which were labelled with fluorescence-labelled antibodies as a proof of principle. Furthermore, we were able to verify this method in the presence of other bacteria species. We were able to detect bacteria cells within half an hour, a substantial advancement compared to the prevailling state of the art detection method based on the cultivation of Legionella pneumophila. Hence, this system represents the basis for future developments in analysis of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwaminger
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Marina E Rottmueller
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Ramona Fischl
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Berensmeier
- Bioseparation Engineering Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Edelstein PH, Jørgensen CS, Wolf LA. Performance of the ImmuView and BinaxNOW assays for the detection of urine and cerebrospinal fluid Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen in patients with Legionnaires' disease or pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238479. [PMID: 32866217 PMCID: PMC7458278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The performances of the ImmuView Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) and Legionella pneumophila (Lp) urinary antigen test were compared to that of the BinaxNOW Sp and Lp assays, using frozen urine from 166 patients with Legionnaires' disease (LD) and 59 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Thirty Sp-positive or contrived cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) were also tested. Test specimens were collected and tested at different sites, with each site testing unique specimens by technologists blinded to expected results. No significant differences in test concordances were detected for the ImmuView and BinaxNOW assays for the Sp or Lp targets for urine from patients with pneumococcal pneumonia or LD when performance from both sites were combined. At one of two test sites the ImmuView Lp assay was more sensitive than the BinaxNOW assay, with no correlation between test performance and Lp serogroup 1 monoclonal type. Urines from six of seven patients with LD caused by Legionella spp. bacteria other than Lp serogroup 1 were negative in both assays. Both tests had equivalent performance for Sp-positive CSF. The clinical sensitivities for pneumococcal pneumonia were 88.1 and 94.4% for the ImmuView and Binax assays, and 87.6 and 84.2% for the Lp assays, respectively. Test specificities for pneumococcal pneumonia were 96.2 and 97.0% for the ImmuView and Binax assays, and 99.6 and 99.1% for the Lp assays. Both assays were highly specific for Sp in pediatric urines from children with nasopharyngeal colonization by the bacterium. ImmuView and BinaxNOW assay performance was equivalent in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H. Edelstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Leslie A. Wolf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
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Pancer KW. Cross-reactions in IgM ELISA tests to Legionella pneumophila sg1 and Bordetella pertussis among children suspected of legionellosis; potential impact of vaccination against pertussis? Cent Eur J Immunol 2015; 40:180-7. [PMID: 26557032 PMCID: PMC4637393 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.52832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was preliminary evaluation of IgM cross-reaction in sera collected from children hospitalized because of suspected legionellosis. Sera with positive IgM results to L. pneumophila sgs1-7, B. pertussis or with simultaneous detection of IgM antibodies to L. pneumophila sgs1-7 and B. pertussis, or IgM to L. pneumophila sgs1-7 and M. pneumoniae in routine tests, were selected. In total, an adapted pre-absorption test was used for the serological confirmation of legionellosis in the sera of 19 children suspected of legionellosis, and also in 3 adult persons with confirmed Legionnaires' disease. Sera were pre-absorbed with antigens of L. pneumophila sg1, B. pertussis or both, and tested by ELISA tests. The reduction of IgM antibody level by pre-absorption with antigen/antigens was determined. Reduction of anti-Lpsgs1-7 IgM by pre-absorption with L.pneumophila sg1 antigen ranged from 1.5 to 80, and reduction of anti-Bp IgM by pre-absorption with B. pertussis ranged from 2.0 to 23.8. Reduction by both antigens varied depending on the age of the patients: among children <4 yrs.old, the reduction of anti-B. pertussis IgM by both antigens was higher than for B. pertussis antigen alone. Based on the high difference (≥ 2 times) between reduction by L.pneumophila sg1 and by B. pertussis antigen, legionellosis was confirmed in 8/19 children. The majority of them also indicated IgM positive/borderline results for B. pertussis or M.pneumoniae in routine ELISA tests. As a preliminary, we posed a hypothesis of a potential impact of an anti-pertussis vaccination on the results obtained in anti-L. pneumophila ELISA IgM tests among young children.
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