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Wu X, Zhou Z, Li K, Liu S. Nanomaterials-Induced Redox Imbalance: Challenged and Opportunities for Nanomaterials in Cancer Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308632. [PMID: 38380505 PMCID: PMC11040387 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells typically display redox imbalance compared with normal cells due to increased metabolic rate, accumulated mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated cell signaling, and accelerated peroxisomal activities. This redox imbalance may regulate gene expression, alter protein stability, and modulate existing cellular programs, resulting in inefficient treatment modalities. Therapeutic strategies targeting intra- or extracellular redox states of cancer cells at varying state of progression may trigger programmed cell death if exceeded a certain threshold, enabling therapeutic selectivity and overcoming cancer resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nanotechnology provides new opportunities for modulating redox state in cancer cells due to their excellent designability and high reactivity. Various nanomaterials are widely researched to enhance highly reactive substances (free radicals) production, disrupt the endogenous antioxidant defense systems, or both. Here, the physiological features of redox imbalance in cancer cells are described and the challenges in modulating redox state in cancer cells are illustrated. Then, nanomaterials that regulate redox imbalance are classified and elaborated upon based on their ability to target redox regulations. Finally, the future perspectives in this field are proposed. It is hoped this review provides guidance for the design of nanomaterials-based approaches involving modulating intra- or extracellular redox states for cancer therapy, especially for cancers resistant to radiotherapy or chemotherapy, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumeng Wu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
- School of Medicine and HealthHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
| | - Kai Li
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
- School of Medicine and HealthHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
| | - Shaoqin Liu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
- Zhengzhou Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyZhengzhou450046China
- School of Medicine and HealthHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150006China
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2
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Xu D, Li Y, Yin S, Huang F. Strategies to address key challenges of metallacycle/metallacage-based supramolecular coordination complexes in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3167-3204. [PMID: 38385584 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00926b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Owing to their capacity for dynamically linking two or more functional molecules, supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs), exemplified by two-dimensional (2D) metallacycles and three-dimensional (3D) metallacages, have gained increasing significance in biomedical applications. However, their inherent hydrophobicity and self-assembly driven by heavy metal ions present common challenges in their applications. These challenges can be overcome by enhancing the aqueous solubility and in vivo circulation stability of SCCs, alongside minimizing their side effects during treatment. Addressing these challenges is crucial for advancing the fundamental research of SCCs and their subsequent clinical translation. In this review, drawing on extensive contemporary research, we offer a thorough and systematic analysis of the strategies employed by SCCs to surmount these prevalent yet pivotal obstacles. Additionally, we explore further potential challenges and prospects for the broader application of SCCs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Shouchun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China.
| | - Feihe Huang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, P. R. China
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Ni C, Li D. Ferroptosis and oxidative stress in endometriosis: A systematic review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37421. [PMID: 38489713 PMCID: PMC10939684 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis (EMT) a common gynecological condition in women, an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue on organs and tissues in the pelvis, and is mainly associated with chronic pelvic pain and infertility. As the etiology has not been fully elucidated, current treatment is limited to surgery, hormones and painkillers, with more side effects and difficulty in achieving long-term relief. Oxidative stress manifests itself as an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which has an integral impact in the pathology of female reproductive disorders. In this review, we evaluate the mechanisms of iron overload-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis in EMT and their pathophysiological implications. METHODS Because the etiology has not been fully elucidated, current treatments are limited to surgery, hormones, and painkillers, which have many side effects and are difficult to achieve long-term relief. RESULTS We interpreted that antioxidants as well as ferroptosis inducers show promising results in the treatment of EMT, but their application in this population needs to be further investigated. CONCLUSION In combination with the interpretation of previous studies, it was shown that iron overload is present in the peritoneal fluid, endometriotic lesions, peritoneum and macrophages in the abdominal cavity. However, the programmed cellular ferroptosis associated with iron overload is resisted by endometriotic foci, which is critical to the pathophysiology of EMT with local iron overload and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Ni
- Department of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dingheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ding W, Cui Q, Lu W, Du Y, Luo Y, Hu Y, Huang P, Wen S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bi-gold mitocans in lung cancer cells. Front Chem 2023; 11:1292115. [PMID: 38148758 PMCID: PMC10750375 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1292115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are promising drug target for cancer treatment. We previously demonstrated that a bi-gold compound BGC2a was more potent than the mono-gold drug auranofin in suppressing cancer cells due to increased gold atom number that led to higher drug accumulation in and thereby inhibition of mitochondria. To exploit the potential of this new strategy, we further designed and synthesized a series of bi-gold mitocans, the compounds targeting mitochondria. The results showed that most of the newly synthesized mitocans exhibited obviously lower IC50 than auranofin, an old drug that is repurposed in clinical trials for cancer treatment. The best mitocan C3P4 was nearly 2-fold more potent than BGC2a in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells and mantle cell lymphoma Jeko-1 cells, exhibiting substantial colony formation-suppressing and tumor-suppressing effects in A549 cells xenograft model. C3P4 induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. The mechanistic study showed that C3P4 significantly increased the global reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide level, and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. C3P4 preferentially accumulated in mitochondria as measured by the gold content and substantially inhibited oxygen consumption rate and ATP production. These results further validated our hypothesis that targeting mitochondria would be promising to develop more potent anticancer agents. C3P4 may be further evaluated as a drug candidate for lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Wu J, Guo Q, Li J, Yuan H, Xiao C, Qiu J, Wu Q, Wang D. Loperamide induces protective autophagy and apoptosis through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway in bladder cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115870. [PMID: 37863323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most common carcinomas in the human urinary system worldwide. Loperamide, known as an antidiarrheal drug, exerts anti-tumor activities against various cancers. However, the effect of loperamide on bladder cancer cells remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of loperamide on bladder cancer and explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that loperamide suppressed the proliferation of 5637 and T24 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Loperamide treatment showed both pro-apoptotic and pro-autophagic effects on bladder cancer cells. Moreover, it was revealed that loperamide induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, leading to the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway. Notably, ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and JNK inhibitor SP600125 effectively attenuated the induction of autophagy and apoptosis triggered by loperamide. Finally, blocking autophagy with CQ could significantly enhance the anti-cancer effect of loperamide both in vitro and in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrated that loperamide induced autophagy and apoptosis through the ROS-mediated JNK pathway in bladder cancer cells. Our results suggest that the strategy of combining loperamide with autophagy inhibitor CQ may provide a therapeutic option for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Juntao Li
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Chutian Xiao
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jianguang Qiu
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Qiong Wu
- Occupational Health Surveillance Center, Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510620, China.
| | - Dejuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China; Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
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6
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Tarin M, Babaie M, Eshghi H, Matin MM, Saljooghi AS. Elesclomol, a copper-transporting therapeutic agent targeting mitochondria: from discovery to its novel applications. J Transl Med 2023; 21:745. [PMID: 37864163 PMCID: PMC10589935 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential element that is involved in a variety of biochemical processes. Both deficiency and accumulation of Cu are associated with various diseases; and a high amount of accumulated Cu in cells can be fatal. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and cuproptosis are among the proposed mechanisms of copper toxicity at high concentrations. Elesclomol (ELC) is a mitochondrion-targeting agent discovered for the treatment of solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the synthesis of this drug, its mechanisms of action, and the current status of its applications in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and other copper-associated disorders. We also provide some detailed information about future directions to improve its clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Tarin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Babaie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam M. Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sh. Saljooghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Nghi HT, Shahmohammadi S, Ebrahimi KH. Ancient complexes of iron and sulfur modulate oncogenes and oncometabolism. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 76:102338. [PMID: 37295349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic complexes of iron and sulfur, that is, iron-sulfur [FeS] clusters, have played a fundamental role in life on Earth since the prebiotic period. These clusters were involved in elementary reactions leading to the emergence of life and, since then, gained function in processes, such as respiration, replication, transcription, and the immune response. We discuss how three [FeS] proteins involved in the innate immune response play a role in oncogene expression/function and oncometabolism. Our analysis highlights the importance of future research into understanding the [FeS] clusters' roles in cancer progression and proliferation. The outcomes of these studies will help identify new targets and develop new anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Thao Nghi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sayeh Shahmohammadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center and Stereochemistry Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kourosh H Ebrahimi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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8
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Shi F, Chen Y, Dong C, Wang J, Song C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Huang X. Ni/Mn-Complex-Tethered Tetranuclear Polyoxovanadates: Crystal Structure and Inhibitory Activity on Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG-2). Molecules 2023; 28:6843. [PMID: 37836686 PMCID: PMC10574323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalates (POMs) exhibit unique structural characteristics and excellent physical and chemical properties, which have attracted significant attention from scholars in the fields of anticancer research and chemotherapy. Herein, we successfully synthesized and structurally characterized two novel polyoxovanadates (POVs), denoted as POVs-1 and POVs-2, where [M(1-vIM)4]2[VV4O12]·H2O (M: NiII and MnII, 1-vinylimidazole abbreviated as 1-vIM) serve as ligands. The two POVs are isomeric and consist of fundamental structural units, each comprising one [V4O12]4- cluster, two [M(1-vIM)4]2+ cations, and one water molecule. Subsequently, we evaluated the cell viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells treated with the synthesized POVs using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide) assay. And the changes in cell nucleus morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and reactive oxygen species levels in HepG-2 exposed to POVs were monitored using specific fluorescent staining techniques. Both hybrid POVs showed potent inhibitory activities, induing apoptosis in HepG-2 cells along with significant mitochondria dysfunction and a burst of reactive oxygen species. Notably, the inhibitory effects of POVs-2 were more pronounced than those of POVs-1, which is primarily attributed to the different transition metal ions present. These findings underscore the intricate relationship between the metal components, structural characteristics, and the observed antitumor activities in HepG-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China;
| | - Yilan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Chuanheng Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Jiajia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Chunman Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Yalin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (Y.C.); (C.D.); (J.W.); (C.S.); (X.H.)
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9
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Li YA, Chen HY, Hsieh CP, Chen CL, Hung SC, Huang YF. Acute generation of reactive oxygen species that induced by doxycycline pretreatment results in rapid cell death in polyphyllin G-treated osteosarcoma cell lines. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1174-1184. [PMID: 36773305 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyphyllin G, a pennogenyl saponin extracted from Paris polyphylla, has been shown to possess antitumor effects. In this study, we demonstrated that doxycycline, an antibiotic medicine, could significantly enhance the sensitivities of osteosarcoma cell lines to polyphyllin G. As the cells were pretreated with doxycycline at non-toxic concentrations and then co-exposed to polyphyllin G, this combination could induce a rapid cell death distinct from apoptosis. The non-apoptotic cell death was characterized by a loss of integrity of plasma membrane without externalization of phosphatidyl serine. Furthermore, this combined treatment resulted in suppression of cell viability and colony-forming ability, and increased the level of γ-H2A.X, a critical marker for DNA damage, in osteosarcoma cell lines. When examining the underlying mechanism, it was revealed combination of polyphyllin G and doxycycline triggered an enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and up-regulated mitochondrial oxidative stress within 0.5 h. Co-administration of the ROS inhibitor NAC reversed the suppressed cell viability and colony-forming ability, and abolished the increased level of γ-H2A.X in the cells with the combined treatment, indicating that the enhanced ROS was involved in the anti-proliferative effect of the combined treatment. Overall, the results demonstrated that doxycycline may function as chemosensitizers by inducing an acute and lethal ROS production to enhance cytotoxic of polyphyllin G in osteosarcoma cell lines, and the combined use of drugs may provide an alternative thinking for the development of new therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Orthopaedic Department, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Ying Chen
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Hsieh
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, Chienkuo Technology University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hung
- Drug Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Huang
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
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Caicedo A, Singh KK. Advancing mitochondria as a therapeutic agent. Mitochondrion 2023; 69:33-35. [PMID: 36657505 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This article intends to provide an update of the needs in the field working in the artificial mitochondrial transfer/transplant (AMT/T), and an overview of the highlights from the articles in the special issue "Advances of Mitochondria as a therapeutic agent". In the last 4 decades, scientists have developed innovative therapeutic applications based on the AMT/T, inspired by the natural transfer of mitochondria between cells to repair cellular damage or treat diseases. The clinical application of AMT has become the priority for the field involving the replacement or augmentation of healthy mitochondria in the harmed tissue, especially in the treatment of organ ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, we remark in our article that key questions remain to be answered such as which one is the best isolation protocol, tissue or cell source for isolation, and others of great importance to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Caicedo
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biomedicina iBioMed, Quito, Ecuador; Mito-Act Research Consortium, Quito, Ecuador; Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Quito, Ecuador; Sistemas Médicos SIME, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Keshav K Singh
- Departments of Genetics, Dermatology and Pathology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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11
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Intratumoral pro-oxidants promote cancer immunotherapy by recruiting and reprogramming neutrophils to eliminate tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:527-542. [PMID: 36066649 PMCID: PMC9446783 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils have recently gained recognition for their potential in the fight against cancer. Neutrophil plasticity between the N1 anti-tumor and N2 pro-tumor subtypes is now apparent, as is the ability to polarize these individual subtypes by interventions such as intratumoral injection of various agents including bacterial products or pro-oxidants. Metabolic responses and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide act as potent chemoattractants and activators of N1 neutrophils that facilitates their recruitment and ensuing activation of a toxic respiratory burst in tumors. Greater understanding of the precise mechanism of N1 neutrophil activation, recruitment and regulation is now needed to fully exploit their anti-tumor potential against cancers both locally and at distant sites. This systematic review critically analyzes these new developments in cancer immunotherapy.
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12
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Exploiting Polyphenol-Mediated Redox Reorientation in Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121540. [PMID: 36558995 PMCID: PMC9787032 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol, one of the major components that exert the therapeutic effect of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), comprises several categories, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes, and has long been studied in oncology due to its significant efficacy against cancers in vitro and in vivo. Recent evidence has linked this antitumor activity to the role of polyphenols in the modulation of redox homeostasis (e.g., pro/antioxidative effect) in cancer cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis could lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress, which is essential for many aspects of tumors, such as tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Thus, investigating the ROS-mediated anticancer properties of polyphenols is beneficial for the discovery and development of novel pharmacologic agents. In this review, we summarized these extensively studied polyphenols and discussed the regulatory mechanisms related to the modulation of redox homeostasis that are involved in their antitumor property. In addition, we discussed novel technologies and strategies that could promote the development of CHM-derived polyphenols to improve their versatile anticancer properties, including the development of novel delivery systems, chemical modification, and combination with other agents.
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Ying M, Hu X. Tracing the electron flow in redox metabolism: The appropriate distribution of electrons is essential to maintain redox balance in cancer cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 87:32-47. [PMID: 36374644 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by sustained proliferation, which requires a huge demand of fuels to support energy production and biosynthesis. Energy is produced by the oxidation of the fuels during catabolism, and biosynthesis is achieved by the reduction of smaller units or precursors. Therefore, the oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions in cancer cells are more active compared to those in the normal counterparts. The higher activity of redox metabolism also induces a more severe oxidative stress, raising the question of how cancer cells maintain the redox balance. In this review, we overview the redox metabolism of cancer cells in an electron-tracing view. The electrons are derived from the nutrients in the tumor microenvironment and released during catabolism. Most of the electrons are transferred to NAD(P) system and then directed to four destinations: energy production, ROS generation, reductive biosynthesis and antioxidant system. The appropriate distribution of these electrons achieved by the function of redox regulation network is essential to maintain redox homeostasis in cancer cells. Interfering with the electron distribution and disrupting redox balance by targeting the redox regulation network may provide therapeutic implications for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Ying
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xun Hu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory for Cancer Intervention and Prevention, China National Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Khan SU, Fatima K, Aisha S, Hamza B, Malik F. Redox balance and autophagy regulation in cancer progression and their therapeutic perspective. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:12. [PMID: 36352310 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cellular ROS production participates in various cellular functions but its accumulation decides the cell fate. Malignant cells have higher levels of ROS and active antioxidant machinery, a characteristic hallmark of cancer with an outcome of activation of stress-induced pathways like autophagy. Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that produces alternative raw materials to meet the energy demand of cells and is influenced by the cellular redox state thus playing a definite role in cancer cell fate. Since damaged mitochondria are the main source of ROS in the cell, however, cancer cells remove them by upregulating the process of mitophagy which is known to play a decisive role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Chemotherapy exploits cell machinery which results in the accumulation of toxic levels of ROS in cells resulting in cell death by activating either of the pathways like apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis or autophagy in them. So understanding these redox and autophagy regulations offers a promising method to design and develop new cancer therapies that can be very effective and durable for years. This review will give a summary of the current therapeutic molecules targeting redox regulation and autophagy for the treatment of cancer. Further, it will highlight various challenges in developing anticancer agents due to autophagy and ROS regulation in the cell and insights into the development of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Ullah Khan
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Kaneez Fatima
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shariqa Aisha
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Baseerat Hamza
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Fayaz Malik
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sanat Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Ren H, Li Z, Gao R, Zhao T, Luo D, Yu Z, Zhang S, Qi C, Wang Y, Qiao H, Cui Y, Gan L, Wang P, Wang J. Structural Characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharides Treated Using Different Decolorization Processes and Their Antioxidant Effects in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213449. [PMID: 36360063 PMCID: PMC9657679 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide decolorization is a key determinant of polysaccharide structure. In this study, two purified Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides, RGP−1−A and RGP−2−A, were obtained after decolorization using the AB-8 macroporous resin and H2O2, respectively. RGP−1−A (molecular weight (Mw) = 18,964 Da) and RGP−2−A (Mw = 3305 Da) were acidic and neutral heteropolysaccharides, respectively, and were both polycrystalline in structure. FTIR analysis revealed that RGP−1−A was a sulfate polysaccharide, while RGP−2−A had no sulfate group. Experiments on IPEC-1 cells showed that RGPs alleviated oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. These findings were confirmed by the upregulation of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1; the subsequent increase in the levels of antioxidant indicators (SOD, LDH, CAT, and MDA); and the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, the antioxidant capacity of RGP−1−A was significantly higher than that of RGP−2−A. These results suggest that RGPs may be a potential natural antioxidant and could be developed into functional foods.
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Redox Status Response of Physical Exercise Training in Women with Breast Cancer during Trastuzumab Therapy. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102039. [PMID: 36292486 PMCID: PMC9602187 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is indicated in the adjuvant setting for the early and intermediate stages of breast cancer (BC) positive for epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Although HER2 in BC patients tends to disrupt pro-oxidant and inflammatory signaling, the influence of trastuzumab in modulating this process remains unknown. Due to the absence of any chemotherapeutic or chemoprophylactic agents for trastuzumab-induced side effects, this study investigated the potential role of regular physical exercise in modulating the antioxidant defenses, oxidative stress, and nitrosative damage in BC patients during trastuzumab treatment. AIM The study aimed to analyze the relationship between regular physical activity and the redox status in women with BC during trastuzumab therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We observed 50 BC patients during trastuzumab therapy in two groups: one that undertook moderately intensive supervised physical exercises, and a second that performed physical activity according to the recommendations for cancer patients, along with a third (control) group of healthy women. RESULTS The antioxidant enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities were significantly higher in the exercised group compared with the other participants. The concentrations of lipid and protein oxidative damage and nitrosative stress products were significantly higher in both BC groups than in the healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Trastuzumab treatment stimulates a redox response in BC patients. The results highlight the oxidative imbalance in parallel with regular physical training in women with BC during trastuzumab therapy. Further studies are needed to analyze different intensities and levels of physical training in women with BC during trastuzumab treatment.
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Passaniti A, Kim MS, Polster BM, Shapiro P. Targeting mitochondrial metabolism for metastatic cancer therapy. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:827-838. [PMID: 35723497 PMCID: PMC9378505 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors evolve metabolic mechanisms favoring glycolysis for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation and antioxidant defenses. In contrast, metastatic cells frequently depend on mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This reliance of metastatic cells on OxPhos can be exploited using drugs that target mitochondrial metabolism. Therefore, therapeutic agents that act via diverse mechanisms, including the activation of signaling pathways that promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a reduction in antioxidant defenses may elevate oxidative stress and inhibit tumor cell survival. In this review, we will provide (1) a mechanistic analysis of function-selective extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitors that inhibit cancer cells through enhanced ROS, (2) a review of the role of mitochondrial ATP synthase in redox regulation and drug resistance, (3) a rationale for inhibiting ERK signaling and mitochondrial OxPhos toward the therapeutic goal of reducing tumor metastasis and treatment resistance. Recent reports from our laboratories using metastatic melanoma and breast cancer models have shown the preclinical efficacy of novel and rationally designed therapeutic agents that target ERK1/2 signaling and mitochondrial ATP synthase, which modulate ROS events that may prevent or treat metastatic cancer. These findings and those of others suggest that targeting a tumor's metabolic requirements and vulnerabilities may inhibit metastatic pathways and tumor growth. Approaches that exploit the ability of therapeutic agents to alter oxidative balance in tumor cells may be selective for cancer cells and may ultimately have an impact on clinical efficacy and safety. Elucidating the translational potential of metabolic targeting could lead to the discovery of new approaches for treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Passaniti
- Research Health Scientist, The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service (VAMHCS), VA Maryland Health Care System (VAMHCS), Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Program in Molecular Medicine and the Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, the Program in Molecular Medicine and the Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Brian M. Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Shapiro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore Maryland, USA
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MitoQ demonstrates connexin- and p53-mediated cancer chemoprevention in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis rodent model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 453:116211. [PMID: 36037915 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemoprevention is an approach that offers huge potential for preventing/retarding carcinogenesis. MitoQ is well-known and extensively studied mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for its applications in diseases linked with oxidative stress. In the present study chemopreventive potential of mitoQ was studied with a focus on the role of gap-junctions and p53 at an advanced stage of HCC. BALB/c mice model of hepatocarcinogenesis was established using N-nitrosodiethylamine as a carcinogen (200 mg/kg b. w., cumulative dose, intraperitoneally). The chemopreventive effect of mitoQ was studied by pre-protecting animals with mitoQ (0.125 mg/kg b. w., orally once a week) till the termination of the study. The tumors developed in the course of the study were histopathologically analyzed and statistically evaluated. The mechanistic role of mitoQ was investigated in terms of mitochondrial oxidative stress, expression of 8-OHdG, Cx26, Cx32, p53 and status of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in tumors. Chemopreventive activity of mitoQ was evident from improved survival of animals, significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower tumor multiplicity, tumor incidence and a total number of tumors. MitoQ treatment significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased mitochondrial oxidative stress as indicated by reduced mtROS and mtLPO. Increased staining intensity of 8-OHdG and internalization of Cx26, Cx32 which was observed in hepatic tumors was reduced upon mitoQ treatment. Furthermore, the expression of Cx26, Cx32 and p53 was significantly increased along with improvement in GJIC in mitoQ treatment group. MitoQ demonstrated its chemopreventive potential probably by regulating mtROS, connexins and p53 in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Sikder A, Vambhurkar G, Amulya E, Bagasariya D, Famta P, Shah S, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Sinha VR, Srivastava S. Advancements in redox-sensitive micelles as nanotheranostics: A new horizon in cancer management. J Control Release 2022; 349:1009-1030. [PMID: 35961470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organisation (WHO) delineated cancer as one of the foremost reasons for mortality with 10 million deaths in the year 2020. Early diagnosis and effective drug delivery are of utmost importance in cancer management. The entrapment of both bio-imaging dyes and drugs will open novel avenues in the area of tumor theranostics. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) are the characteristic features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Researchers have taken advantage of these specific TME features in recent years to develop micelle-based theranostic nanosystems. This review focuses on the advantages of redox-sensitive micelles (RSMs) and supramolecular self-assemblies for tumor theranostics. Key chemical linkers employed for the tumor-specific release of the cargo have been discussed. In vitro characterisation techniques used for the characterization of RSMs have been deliberated. Potential bottlenecks that may present themselves in the bench-to-bedside translation of this technology and the regulatory considerations have been deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Etikala Amulya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - V R Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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20
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Clower L, Fleshman T, Geldenhuys WJ, Santanam N. Targeting Oxidative Stress Involved in Endometriosis and Its Pain. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081055. [PMID: 36008949 PMCID: PMC9405905 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder seen in women and is characterized by chronic pelvic pain and infertility. This disorder is becoming more prevalent with increased morbidity. The etiology of endometriosis remains to be fully elucidated, which will lead to improved therapeutic options. In this review, we will evaluate the biochemical mechanisms leading to oxidative stress and their implication in the pathophysiology of endometriosis, as well as potential treatments that target these processes. A comprehensive exploration of previous research revealed that endometriosis is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species and oxidation products, decreased antioxidants and detoxification enzymes, and dysregulated iron metabolism. High levels of oxidative stress contributed to inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, angiogenesis, and cell proliferation, which may explain its role in endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated pain was attributed to neurogenic inflammation and a feed-forward mechanism involving macrophages, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and pain-inducing prostaglandins. N-acetylcysteine, curcumin, melatonin, and combined vitamin C and E supplementation displayed promising results for the treatment of endometriosis, but further research is needed for their use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Clower
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (L.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Taylor Fleshman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (L.C.); (T.F.)
| | - Werner J. Geldenhuys
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Nalini Santanam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA; (L.C.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-304-696-7321
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Yi WR, Tu MJ, Yu AX, Lin J, Yu AM. Bioengineered miR-34a modulates mitochondrial inner membrane protein 17 like 2 (MPV17L2) expression toward the control of cancer cell mitochondrial functions. Bioengineered 2022; 13:12489-12503. [PMID: 35579419 PMCID: PMC9276019 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2076399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) control post-transcriptional gene expression critical for various cellular processes. Recently, we have invented a novel platform technology to achieve high-yield production of fully humanized, bioengineered miRNA agents (hBERAs) for research and development. This study is aimed to produce and utilize a new biologic miR-34a-5p (or miR-34a) molecule, namely, hBERA/miR-34a, to delineate the role of miR-34a-5p in the regulation of mitochondrial functions in human carcinoma cells. Bioengineered hBERA/miR-34a was produced through in vivo fermentation production and purified by anion exchange fast protein liquid chromatography. hEBRA/miR-34a was processed to target miR-34a-5p in human osteosarcoma and lung cancer cells, as determined by selective stem-loop reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. The mitochondrial inner membrane protein MPV17 like 2 (MPV17L2) was validated as a direct target for miR-34a-5p by dual luciferase reporter assay. Western blot analysis revealed that bioengineered miR-34a-5p effectively reduced MPV17L2 protein outcomes, leading to much lower levels of respiratory chain Complex I activities and intracellular ATP that were determined with specific assay kits. Moreover, Seahorse Mito Stress Test assay was conducted, and the results showed that biologic miR-34a-5p sharply reduced cancer cell mitochondrial respiration capacity, accompanied by a remarkable increase of oxidative stress and elevated apoptotic cell death, which are manifested by greater levels of reactive oxygen species and selective apoptosis biomarkers, respectively. These results demonstrate the presence and involvement of the miR-34a-5p-MPV17L2 pathway in the control of mitochondrial functions in human carcinoma cells and support the utility of novel bioengineered miRNA molecules for functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Rong Yi
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Mei-Juan Tu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Xi Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
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