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Shah S, Famta P, Vambhurkar G, Bagasariya D, Kumar KC, Srinivasarao DA, Begum N, Sharma A, Shahrukh S, Jain N, Khatri DK, Srivastava S. Sulfo-butyl ether β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of bosutinib: in silico, in vitro and in vivo evaluation in attenuating the fast-fed variability. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1218-1231. [PMID: 37903963 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Bosutinib (BOS) is a BCS class IV drug that shows low oral bioavailability and high fast-fed variability. Various pharmaceutical formulations have been explored thus far in order to improve its bioavailability while avoiding fast-fed variability. In the present study, we explored cyclodextrin (CD) complexation strategy to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages associated with BOS. CD complexation is a simple, versatile and economic approach that enables formation of inclusion complexes, thereby improving aqueous solubility while nullifying pH-dependent solubility and fast-fed variability for poorly soluble drugs. Initially, we performed molecular dynamics and docking studies to select appropriate CD derivative. The results of in silico studies revealed that sulfo-butyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE-CD) offered superior binding affinity with BOS. Further, Job's plot revealed that 1:1 stoichiometry of BOS and CD resulted in enhancement of BOS solubility up to ~ 132.6-folds. In vitro release studies in bio-relevant media (fasted and fed state simulated gastric and intestinal fluids) revealed higher drug release while overcoming its pH-dependent solubility. In vitro studies on K562 cells demonstrated a 1.83-fold enhancement in cytotoxicity due to enhanced ROS production and G2/M phase arrest.In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in Sprague-Dawley rats revealed insignificant fast-fed variability with AUCfast/fed 0.9493 and Cmaxfast/fed 0.8291 being closer to 1 in comparison with BOS. Hence, we conclude that SBE-CD complexation could be a promising approach in diminishing fast-fed variability of BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kondasingh Charan Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nusrat Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Naitik Jain
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Laboratory (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Bagasariya D, Charankumar K, Shah S, Famta P, Fernandes V, Shahrukh S, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Quality by design endorsed atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers embedded in pH-responsive gel for melanoma. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:27-44. [PMID: 37982590 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2023.2282971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our aim was to repurpose atorvastatin for melanoma by encapsulating in a nanostructured lipid carrier matrix to promote tumour cell internalisation and skin permeation. pH-responsive chitosan gel was employed to restrict At-NLCs in upper dermal layers. METHODS We utilised a quality by design approach for encapsulating At within the NLC matrix. Further, cellular uptake and cytotoxicity was evaluated along with pH-responsive release and ex vivo skin permeation. RESULTS Cytotoxicity assay showed 3.13-fold enhanced cytotoxicity on melanoma cells compared to plain drug with nuclear staining showing apoptotic markers. In vitro, release studies showed 5.9-fold rapid release in chitosan gel matrix at pH 5.5 compared to neutral pH. CONCLUSIONS At-NLCs prevented precipitation, promoted skin permeation, and SK-MEL 28 cell internalisation. The localisation of NLCs on the upper dermal layer due to electrostatic interactions of skin with chitosan gel diminished the incidence of untoward systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kondasingh Charankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab (PITRL), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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Famta P, Shah S, Vambhurkar G, Srinivasarao DA, Jain N, Begum N, Sharma A, Shahrukh S, Kumar KC, Bagasariya D, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Quality by design endorsed fabrication of Ibrutinib-loaded human serum albumin nanoparticles for the management of leukemia. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 190:94-106. [PMID: 37467865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Ibrutinib (IB), a BCS class II drug suffers from limited aqueous solubility, short half-life and extensive first-pass metabolism. In this project, we aim to recruit the desirable properties of human serum albumin (HSA) as a biocompatible drug carrier to circumvent nanoparticle-associated drawbacks. Quality by design and multivariate analysis was used for the optimization of IB-NPs. Cell culture studies performed on the K562 cell line revealed that the Ibrutinib-loaded HSA NPs demonstrated improved cytotoxicity, drug uptake, and reactive oxygen species generation in the leukemic K562 cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed G2/M phase retention of the leukemia cells. In vitro protein corona and hemolysis studies revealed superior hematological stability compared to the free drug which showed greater than 40 % hemolysis. In vitro drug release studies showed prolonged release profile till 48 h. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a 2.31-fold increase in AUC and an increase in half-life from 0.43 h to 2.887 h with a tremendous reduction in clearance and elimination rate indicating prolonged systemic circulation which is desirable in leukemia. Hence, we conclude that IB-loaded albumin nanoparticles could be a promising approach for the management of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Famta
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dadi A Srinivasarao
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Naitik Jain
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nusrat Begum
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Syed Shahrukh
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kondasingh Charan Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translation Research Lab (PITRL), Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Shah S, Famta P, Bagasariya D, Charankumar K, Sikder A, Kashikar R, Kotha AK, Chougule MB, Khatri DK, Asthana A, Raghuvanshi RS, Singh SB, Srivastava S. Tuning Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles in Novel Avenues of Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4428-4452. [PMID: 36109099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The global menace of cancer has led to an increased death toll in recent years. The constant evolution of cancer therapeutics with novel delivery systems has paved the way for translation of innovative therapeutics from bench to bedside. This review explains the significance of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as delivery vehicles with particular emphasis on cancer therapy, including novel opportunities for biomimetic therapeutics and vaccine delivery. Parameters governing MSN synthesis, therapeutic agent loading characteristics, along with tuning of MSN toward cancer cell specificity have been explained. The advent of MSN in nanotheranostics and its potential in forming nanocomposites for imaging purposes have been illustrated. Additionally, various hurdles encountered during the bench to bedside translation have been explained along with potential avenues to circumvent them. This also opens up new horizons in drug delivery, which could be useful to researchers in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Kondasingh Charankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Anupama Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rama Kashikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Arun K Kotha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Mahavir Bhupal Chougule
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Amit Asthana
- Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
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Shah S, Famta P, Fernandes V, Bagasariya D, Charankumar K, Kumar Khatri D, Bala Singh S, Srivastava S. Quality by Design steered Development of Niclosamide Loaded Liposomal Thermogel for Melanoma: In vitro and Ex vivo Evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:119-136. [PMID: 36198344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most malignant form of skin cancer across the globe. Conventional therapies are currently ineffective which could be attributed to the rampant chemo-resistance, metastasis, inability to cross the skin barriers and accumulate within the tumor microenvironment. This advent brings in the principles of drug repurposing by repositioning Niclosamide (NIC), an anthelmintic drug for skin cancer. Incorporation into the liposomes facilitated enhanced melanoma cell uptake and apoptosis. Cytotoxicity studies revealed 1.756-fold enhancement in SK-MEL-28 cytotoxicity by NIC-loaded liposomes compared to free drug. Qualitative and quantitative cell internalization indicated greater drug uptake within the melanoma cells illustrating the efficacy of liposomes as efficient carrier systems. Nuclear staining showed blebbing and membrane shrinkage. Elevated ROS levels and apoptosis shown by DCFDA and acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining revealed greater melanoma cell death by liposomes compared to free drug. Incorporating NIC liposomes into the thermogel system restricted the liposomes as a depot onto the upper skin layers. Sustained zero order release up to 48 h with liposomes and 23.58-fold increase in viscosity led to the sol-to-gel transition at 33℃ was observed with liposomal thermogel. Ex vivo gel permeation studies revealed that C-6 loaded liposomes incorporated within the thermogel successfully formed a depot over the upper skin layer for 6 h to prevent transdermal delivery and systemic adverse effects. Thus, it could be concluded that NIC loaded liposomal thermogel system could be an efficacious therapeutic alternative for the management of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Kondasingh Charankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, INDIA.
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Sikder A, Vambhurkar G, Amulya E, Bagasariya D, Famta P, Shah S, Khatri DK, Singh SB, Sinha VR, Srivastava S. Advancements in redox-sensitive micelles as nanotheranostics: A new horizon in cancer management. J Control Release 2022; 349:1009-1030. [PMID: 35961470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
World Health Organisation (WHO) delineated cancer as one of the foremost reasons for mortality with 10 million deaths in the year 2020. Early diagnosis and effective drug delivery are of utmost importance in cancer management. The entrapment of both bio-imaging dyes and drugs will open novel avenues in the area of tumor theranostics. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) are the characteristic features of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Researchers have taken advantage of these specific TME features in recent years to develop micelle-based theranostic nanosystems. This review focuses on the advantages of redox-sensitive micelles (RSMs) and supramolecular self-assemblies for tumor theranostics. Key chemical linkers employed for the tumor-specific release of the cargo have been discussed. In vitro characterisation techniques used for the characterization of RSMs have been deliberated. Potential bottlenecks that may present themselves in the bench-to-bedside translation of this technology and the regulatory considerations have been deliberated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sikder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Ganesh Vambhurkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Etikala Amulya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - V R Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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Shah S, Famta P, Bagasariya D, Charankumar K, Amulya E, Kumar Khatri D, Singh Raghuvanshi R, Bala Singh S, Srivastava S. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems: Does shape really matter? Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122101. [PMID: 35961415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As of today, the era of nanomedicine has brought numerous breakthroughs and overcome challenges in the treatment of various disorders. Various factors like size, charge and surface hydrophilicity have garnered significant attention by nanotechnologists. However, more exploration in the field of nanoparticle shape and geometry, one of the basic physical phenomenon is required. Tuning nanoparticle shape and geometry could potentially overcome pitfalls in therapeutics and biomedical fields. Thus, in this article, we unveil the importance of tuning nanoparticle shape selection across the delivery platforms. This article provides an in-depth understanding of nanoparticle shape modulation and advise the researchers on the ideal morphology selection tailored for each implication. We deliberated the importance of nanoparticle shape selection for specific implications with respect to organ targeting, cellular internalization, pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution, protein corona formation as well as RES evasion and tumor targeting. An additional section on the significance of shape transformation, a recently introduced novel avenue with applications in drug delivery was discussed. Furthermore, regulatory concerns towards nanoparticle shape which need to be addressed for harnessing their clinical translation will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepkumar Bagasariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kondasingh Charankumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Etikala Amulya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India.
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