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Otegbayo BE, Omar N, Danaee M, Mohajer S, Aghamohamadi N. Impact of individual and environmental factors on academic performance of pregnant adolescent. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:383. [PMID: 37480050 PMCID: PMC10362692 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancies continue to disrupt teenage girls' academic development. As a result, teenage mothers are at risk of unemployment, maternal death, and poverty. Previous research, however, has shown that both individual and environmental factors can have a significant impact on the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy. However, there has been little rigorous research on the impact of these factors on pregnant students' academic performance. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between environmental (neighbourhood) and individuals (sexual attitudes, peer attachment) factors. It also examined the influence of individual factors on the academic performance of pregnant teens. METHODS The study included a cross-sectional study of 400 pregnant adolescent students aged 15-19 years. The target groups were drawn from three major cities in Nigeria. Respondents were identified through targeted snowballing. Pregnant participants were a combination of married and unmarried girls attending school from home. Data were collected using a structured and self-completed questionnaire. Thus, frequency, mean and standard deviation were used for descriptive analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to show the relationship between variables. RESULTS The study found that neighbourhood (r=-.125, p = .12) had a negative and significant relationship with peer attachment. However, there was no significant evidence of a relationship between sexual attitudes and neighbourhood (r=-.040, p = .422). There was, however, a significant relationship between sexual attitudes and academic performance (r = .236, p = .000). There was also a relationship between peer attachment and academic performance (r=-.401, p = < 0.001). CONCLUSION This study suggests that the academic performance of pregnant teenagers necessitates a combination of approaches, which includes changes in personal and prosocial behaviour, and environmental reforms. This can be achieved through, peer education, school day-care, subsidised or free contraceptives, free or subsidized education, and community programmes that positively influence young adults in the neighbourhood. These approaches can indirectly boost self-efficacy, motivation, and confidence to achieve higher academic feat, while reducing school dropout rate among the target groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolajoko Elizabeth Otegbayo
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Noralina Omar
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Social Administration and Justice, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mahmoud Danaee
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Samira Mohajer
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasrin Aghamohamadi
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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Brahme R, Mamulwar M, Rahane G, Jadhav S, Panchal N, Yadav R, Gangakhedkar R. A Qualitative Exploration to Understand the Sexual Behavior and Needs of Young Adults: A Study Among College Students of Pune, India. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:275-280. [PMID: 31942679 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-019-03160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Youth and adolescents are the priority population to target the interventions as risky behaviors persist and they contribute to almost half of the new Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The youth in India have a unique and diverse need of sex health education. The present study was conducted with the objective to understand their sexual behavior and requirements of sexual health. METHODS Focus group discussions were conducted among 74 college students, separately for boys and girls. The participant students were from different streams of education. The domains of enquiry were related to the relationships, risk behaviors, sources of information and use of technology for sex health education. The qualitative data was analyzed based on the themes and subthemes derived from these discussions. RESULTS A majority of the youth favoured active involvement of parents, school teachers in sex health education. They suggested that better-informed parents lead to better-informed adolescents. Open discussion with experts was also desired by the students. The use of mobile/web based application for sex health education and awareness about HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) was preferred, however, they suggested that based on personal requirements, individual need based counseling and guidance is important. CONCLUSIONS Active parental involvement and open discussions on sexuality were the preferred options by the student to seek the knowledge and guidance. Innovative mobile application for sex health education will be useful for the young adults for information and communication. The study highlighted a need to develop a holistic approach to generate a culturally-sensitive sex health education and life skills model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Brahme
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India.
| | - Megha Mamulwar
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Girish Rahane
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Sachin Jadhav
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Narayan Panchal
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
| | - Raman Gangakhedkar
- ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, 73-G Block, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India
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Velavan J. A family physician's journey in exploring sexual health perceptions and needs in a boarding school community. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:395-401. [PMID: 32110625 PMCID: PMC7014837 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_888_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Context: Sexual health in schools is neglected in most developing countries,[1] however, it is emerging as a major need of the hour. This article captures the author's experience as a family physician in a boarding school setting in India highlighting the need and possible solutions pertaining to sexual health in the school community. Setting: An international boarding school in India with approximately 600 students, 500 teachers, and administrators who lived on the school campus and 500 support staff who lived off-campus. Materials and Methods: Three events prodded the author to explore perceptions and needs pertaining to sexual health in the school community. Being a difficult area of inquiry, this was done as informal qualitative research by dialoguing with six groups of people in the school community: School counselors, parents, student supervisors such as teachers, advisors and dorm parents, school administrators, support staff, and the students and the responses were collated. Observations: A mere 17.9% of grade 5 to 12 students, of age-groups 10 to 19 never had a conversation with their parents about sexuality. Students were largely ignorant or misinformed on most sexuality-related issues but engaged well when offered anonymity or safe space. Though all stakeholders in the school agreed that students needed an age-appropriate, gender and culture-sensitive, scientific and comprehensive sex education, parental responses were mixed. Conclusion: The author's journey as a family physician in a school setting has prompted exploration of a wholistic model for the provision of comprehensive sexual health in schools and the emerging role of a family physician in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jachin Velavan
- Department of Distance Education, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Adelantado-Renau M, Moliner-Urdiales D, Cavero-Redondo I, Beltran-Valls MR, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Álvarez-Bueno C. Association Between Screen Media Use and Academic Performance Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:1058-1067. [PMID: 31545344 PMCID: PMC6764013 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The health consequences of excessive screen media use in children and adolescents are increasingly being recognized; however, the association between screen media use and academic performance remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES To estimate the association of time spent on screen-based activities with specific academic performance areas in children and adolescents and to examine this association separately in these populations. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ERIC were searched from database inception through September 2018. STUDY SELECTION Cross-sectional studies of the association between time or frequency of screen media use and academic performance in children and adolescents were independently screened by 2 researchers. A total of 5599 studies, published between 1958 and 2018 from 23 countries, were identified. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Data were processed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect size (ES). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Academic performance areas included composite scores, language, and mathematics. Screen media measurements included time or frequency of computer, internet, mobile phone, television, video game, and overall screen media use. RESULTS In total, 58 cross-sectional studies (1.0%) of 5599 articles were included in the systematic review, of which 30 (52%) were included in the meta-analysis. The systematic review studies involved 480 479 participants aged 4 to 18 years, ranging from 30 to 192 000 people per study, and the meta-analysis studies involved 106 653 total participants, ranging from 70 to 42 041 people per study. Across studies, the amount of time spent on overall screen media use was not associated with academic performance (ES = -0.29; 95% CI, -0.65 to 0.08). Individually, television viewing was inversely associated with composite academic performance scores (ES = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.29 to -0.09), language (ES = -0.18; 95% CI, -0.36 to -0.01), and mathematics (ES = -0.25; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.16). Video game playing was inversely associated with composite scores (ES = -0.15; 95% CI, -0.22 to -0.08). Subgroup analyses found that television viewing was inversely associated with language only in children (ES = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.15), whereas both television viewing (ES = -0.19; 95% CI, -0.30 to -0.07) and video game playing (ES = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.24 to -0.09) were inversely associated with composite scores only in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Findings from this study suggest that each screen-based activity should be analyzed individually for its association with academic performance, particularly television viewing and video game playing, which appeared to be the activities most negatively associated with academic outcomes. Education and public health professionals should consider supervision and reduction to improve the academic performance of children and adolescents exposed to these activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
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Sharma MK, Anand N, Thamilselvan P, Suma N, John N, Sahu M, Chakraborty Thakur P, Baglari H, Singh P. Is porn use becoming a modality of sex education among teenagers? A case study. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 45:18-19. [PMID: 31445305 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Sharma
- Professor of Clinical Psychology, Service for Healthy Use of Technology (SHUT) Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore.
| | - Nitin Anand
- Associate Professor of Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - P Thamilselvan
- Research Scholar, Service for Healthy Use of Technology (SHUT) Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - N Suma
- Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - Nisha John
- Clinical Psychologist, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - Maya Sahu
- Research Scholar, Department of Nursing, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - Pranjali Chakraborty Thakur
- Research Scholar, Service for Healthy Use of Technology (SHUT) Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - Happy Baglari
- Research Scholar, Service for Healthy Use of Technology (SHUT) Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
| | - Priya Singh
- Research Scholar, Service for Healthy Use of Technology (SHUT) Clinic, Department of Clinical Psychology, NIMHANS, Bangalore
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Relationship of TV watching, computer use, and reading to children's neurocognitive functions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Carson V, Hunter S, Kuzik N, Gray CE, Poitras VJ, Chaput JP, Saunders TJ, Katzmarzyk PT, Okely AD, Connor Gorber S, Kho ME, Sampson M, Lee H, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of sedentary behaviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth: an update. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:S240-65. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review is an update examining the relationships between objectively and subjectively measured sedentary behaviour and health indicators in children and youth aged 5–17 years. EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Medline were searched in December 2014, and date limits were imposed (≥February 2010). Included studies were peer-reviewed and met the a priori-determined population (apparently healthy children and youth, mean age: 5–17 years), intervention (durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), comparator (various durations, patterns, and types of sedentary behaviours), and outcome (critical: body composition, metabolic syndrome/cardiovascular disease risk factors, behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour, academic achievement; important: fitness, self-esteem) study criteria. Quality of evidence by outcome was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Due to heterogeneity, a narrative analysis was conducted. A total of 235 studies (194 unique samples) were included representing 1 657 064 unique participants from 71 different countries. Higher durations/frequencies of screen time and television (TV) viewing were associated with unfavourable body composition. Higher duration/frequency of TV viewing was also associated with higher clustered cardiometabolic risk scores. Higher durations of TV viewing and video game use were associated with unfavourable behavioural conduct/pro-social behaviour. Higher durations of reading and doing homework were associated with higher academic achievement. Higher duration of screen time was associated with lower fitness. Higher durations of screen time and computer use were associated with lower self-esteem. Evidence ranged from “very low” to “moderate” quality. Higher quality studies using reliable and valid sedentary behaviour measures should confirm this largely observational evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Casey E. Gray
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Veronica J. Poitras
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Applied Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Sarah Connor Gorber
- Office of the Task Force on Preventive Health Care, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michelle E. Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Helena Lee
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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Ismail S, Shajahan A, Sathyanarayana Rao TS, Wylie K. Adolescent sex education in India: Current perspectives. Indian J Psychiatry 2015; 57:333-7. [PMID: 26816418 PMCID: PMC4711229 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5545.171843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shajahan Ismail
- Consultant Psychiatrist Argyll House, Sheffield Health and Social Care NHS Trust, University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - T S Sathyanarayana Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College Hospital, JSS University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kevan Wylie
- Consultant and Honorary Professor in Sexual Medicine and Psychiatry, Porter brook Clinic for Psychosexual Disorders and University of Sheffield and President, World Association for Sexual Health, Sheffield, UK
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