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Rivera E, Hesketh KD, Orellana L, Taylor R, Carson V, Nicholson JM, Barnett LM, Löf M, Koorts H, Becker D, Galland B, Salmon J, Downing KL. Prevalence of toddlers meeting 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with parental perceptions and practices. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:250-256. [PMID: 38216403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether toddlers (1-2 years) meet 24-hour Movement Guidelines and how parental practices and perceptions are related to compliance are uncertain. This study: a) estimated the proportion of toddlers meeting individual and combined movement guidelines; and b) examined associations between parental perceptions/practices and toddlers' compliance with movement guidelines. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Australian parents self-reported their parenting practices/perceptions (routines, co-participation, restrictions, concerns, knowledge) and toddlers' movement behaviours in the baseline assessment of Let's Grow (n=1145), a randomised controlled trial. The World Health Organization's Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Sleep for children under 5 years were used to estimate the prevalence of compliance with individual and combined movement guidelines. Logistic models assessed cross-sectional associations. RESULTS The prevalence of meeting guidelines was 30.9% for screen time, 82.3% for sleep, 81.6% for physical activity, 20.1% for combined, and 2.1% meeting none. Parents' knowledge of the guidelines, fewer concerns and more favourable restrictions concerning movement behaviours were associated with greater compliance with individual and combined movement guidelines. Routines for screen time and for combined behaviours were associated with adherence to their respective guidelines. Less co-participation in screen time and more co-participation in physical activity were associated with greater compliance with the relevant guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Given only 20% of toddlers met all guidelines, strategies early in life to establish healthy movement behaviours, especially screen time, are needed. Future studies could target the parental practices/perceptions identified in this study to support toddlers with optimal sleep and physical activity and reduced screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Rivera
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Deakin University, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- University of Otago, Department of Medicine, New Zealand
| | - Valerie Carson
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Edmonton, 8840 114st, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | | | - Lisa M Barnett
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Deakin University, School of Health and Social Development, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Marie Löf
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Sweden
| | - Harriet Koorts
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Denise Becker
- Deakin University, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Barbara Galland
- University of Otago, Department of Women's & Children's Health, New Zealand
| | - Jo Salmon
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Locked Bag 20001, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Davenport C, Kuzik N, Larouche R, Carson V. The Associations Between Parental-Reported and Device-Based Measured Outdoor Play and Health Indicators of Physical, Cognitive, and Social-Emotional Development in Preschool-Aged Children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38561002 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine in preschool-aged children: (1) the associations between parental-reported and device-measured outdoor play (OP) and health indicators of physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development and (2) whether associations were independent of outdoor moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 107 participants. Children's OP was measured via a parental questionnaire and the lux feature of accelerometers. Children's growth, adiposity, and motor skills were assessed as physical development indicators. Visual-spatial working memory, response inhibition, and expressive language were assessed as cognitive development indicators. Sociability, prosocial behavior, internalizing, externalizing, and self-regulation were assessed as social-emotional development indicators. Regression models were conducted that adjusted for relevant covariates. Additional models further adjusted for outdoor MVPA. RESULTS Parental-reported total OP, OP in summer/fall months, and OP on weekdays were negatively associated (small effect sizes) with response inhibition and working memory. After adjusting for outdoor MVPA, these associations were no longer statistically significant. OP on weekdays was negatively associated with externalizing (B = -0.04; 95% confidence interval, -0.08 to -0.00; P = .03) after adjusting for outdoor MVPA. A similar pattern was observed for device-based measured total OP (B = -0.49; 95% confidence interval, -1.05 to 0.07; P = .09). CONCLUSIONS Future research in preschool-aged children should take into account MVPA and contextual factors when examining the association between OP and health-related indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody Davenport
- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario - Research Institute, Ottawa, ON,Canada
| | - Richard Larouche
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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Carson V, Draper CE, Okely A, Reilly JJ, Tremblay MS. Future Directions for Movement Behavior Research in the Early Years. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:218-221. [PMID: 38109880 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Catherine E Draper
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anthony Okely
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Deprtment of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - John J Reilly
- Department of Psychological Sciences & Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Duncan MJ, Belita E, Amores A, Riazi NA, Carsley S, Vanderloo LM, Carson V, Chaput JP, Faulkner G, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Changes in breakfast and water consumption among adolescents in Canada: examining the impact of COVID-19 in worsening inequity. BMC Nutr 2024; 10:27. [PMID: 38317176 PMCID: PMC10840267 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-024-00831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether changes in breakfast and water consumption during the first full school year after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic varied based on sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status among Canadian adolescents. METHODS Prospective annual survey data collected pre- (October 2019-March 2020) and post-COVID-19 onset (November 2020-June 2021) the Cannabis, Obesity, Mental health, Physical activity, Alcohol, Smoking, and Sedentary behaviour (COMPASS) study. The sample consisted of 8,128 students; mean (SD) age = 14.2 (1.3) years from a convenience sample of 41 Canadian secondary schools. At both timepoints self-reported breakfast and water consumption were dichotomized as daily or not. Multivariable logistic generalized estimating equations with school clustering were used to estimate differences in maintenance/adoption of daily consumption post-COVID-19 based on demographic factors, while controlling for pre-COVID-19 behaviour. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals are reported. Females (AOR = 0.71 [0.63, 0.79]) and lower socioeconomic status individuals (AORLowest:Highest=0.41 [0.16, 1.00]) were less likely to maintain/adopt daily breakfast consumption than male and higher socioeconomic status peers in the 2020-2021 school year. Black identifying individuals were less likely than all other racial/ethnic identities to maintain/adopt plain water consumption every day of the week (AOR = 0.33 [0.15, 0.75], p < 0.001). No significant interaction effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS Results support the hypothesis that changes in nutritional behaviours were not equal across demographic groups. Female, lower socioeconomic status, and Black adolescents reported greater declines in healthy nutritional behaviours. Public health interventions to improve adherence to daily breakfast and water consumption should target these segments of the population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not a trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Angelica Amores
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Negin A Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, 77 Bloor St. W., Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, 1201 Western Rd., London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children?s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. East, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Duncan MJ, Riazi NA, Belita E, Amores A, Vanderloo LM, Carsley S, Laxer RE, Carson V, Faulkner G, Chaput JP, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Physical activity and recreational screen time change among adolescents in Canada: Examining the impact of COVID-19 in worsening inequity. Prev Med 2023; 175:107676. [PMID: 37607659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess if sub-populations of adolescents in Canada (i.e., race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and socioeconomic status [SES]) experienced a larger change in physical activity and screen time between the 2019-2020 (pre-pandemic) and the 2020-2021 (mid-pandemic) school years. Longitudinally linked data from pre-pandemic and mid-pandemic school years of a prospective cohort study of secondary school students in Canada (n = 8209) were used for these analyses. Multivariable regression modelling tested the main effects of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, and SES on changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and screen time duration as well as adherence to Canada's 24-h Movement Guidelines. Overall between groups difference were assessed using type II analysis of deviance tests. Interactions between variables of interest were subsequently tested with a series of regression models compared to the main effects model using likelihood-ratio test. Post-hoc comparisons found Male participants' MVPA time decreased less compared to their female counterparts (M [95% CI] = -16.3 [-13.5, -19.2] min/day), but also reported greater increases in screen time compared to females (23.7 [14.7, 32.8] min/day) during the same period. MVPA in White participants decreased less than Asian participants (-10.7 [-19.5, -1.9] min/day) with a similar non-significant pattern observed in Black and Latin participants. Adolescents in higher SES categories fared better on adherence to MVPA (highest vs. lowest OR = 1.41 [0.97, 2.06]) and screen time recommendations(highest vs. lowest AOR = 3.13 [0.91, 11.11]). Results support the hypothesis that existing inequitable sociodemographic differences in MVPA participation and screen time have worsened throughout the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Negin A Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Angelica Amores
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Room 500, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Rachel E Laxer
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON M5G 1V2, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation; University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. East, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen A Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Duncan MJ, Mitchell J, Riazi NA, Belita E, Vanderloo LM, Carsley S, Carson V, Chaput JP, Faulkner G, Leatherdale ST, Patte KA. Sleep duration change among adolescents in Canada: Examining the impact of COVID-19 in worsening inequity. SSM Popul Health 2023; 23:101477. [PMID: 37593229 PMCID: PMC10428109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess if adolescent sub-populations in Canada (i.e., based on race/ethnicity, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity groups) experienced a larger change in sleep duration and guideline adherence between 2019 and 2020 (pre-pandemic) and the 2020-2021 (mid-pandemic) school years. Methods Longitudinally linked data from 2019 to 2020 (pre-pandemic) and 2020-2021 (mid-pandemic) of a prospective cohort study of secondary school students (M = 14.2, SD = 1.3 years, N = 8209) in Canada were used for analyses. Regression modelling tested the main effects of race/ethnicity, sex/gender, socioeconomic status, and urbanicity on changes in sleep duration as well as adherence to Canada's 24-h Movement Guidelines for sleep (8-10 h/night). Interactions between identity variables (race/ethnicity or sex/gender) and other main effect variables were subsequently tested. Results Females gained more sleep (4.5 [1.5, 7.5] min/day more) and increased guideline adherence (AOR = 1.16 [1.04, 1.30] than males on average. Asian race/ethnic identity was associated with less sleep gain than White identity -10.1 [-19.4, -0.8], but not guideline adherence. Individuals in large urban areas gained less sleep and adhered less to guidelines than individuals from any other level of urbanicity (-21.4 [-38.5, -4.2] to -15.5 [-30.7, -0.2] min/day). Higher individual SES scores were associated with greater sleep gain (linear trend: 11.16 [1.2-21.1]). The discrepancies in sleep gain and guideline adherence between males and females were significantly modified by race/ethnicity and urbanicity. Discussion Increases in sleep duration may be one of the few benefits to adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic but were not equally distributed across sub-populations. Efforts to promote better sleep adherence may need to account for sex/gender differences, especially in less urbanized areas and certain racial/ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J. Duncan
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jessica Mitchell
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Negin A. Riazi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Emily Belita
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Science and Evaluation, ParticiPACTION, 77 Bloor St West, Suite 1205, Toronto, ON, M5S 1M2, Canada
| | - Sarah Carsley
- Public Health Ontario, 480 University Avenue, Suite 300, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Room 500, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. East, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Lower Mall Research Station, 2259 Lower Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karen A. Patte
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, Saint Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Tugault-Lafleur CN, Naylor PJ, Carson V, Faulkner G, Lau EY, Wolfenden L, Mâsse LC. Factors associated with physical activity policy and practice implementation in British Columbia's childcare settings: a longitudinal study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1651. [PMID: 37644564 PMCID: PMC10463809 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016-17, the government of British Columbia (BC) enacted a mandatory policy outlining Active Play Standards (AP Standards) alongside a capacity building initiative (Appetite to Play) focused on implementing policies and practices to support physical activity in childcare centres. We aimed to identify factors at the provider and organizational levels as well as attributes of the Standards hypothesized to influence implementation (i.e., changes in policies and practices). METHODS We conducted surveys before (2016-2017) and after (2018-2019) enforcement of the AP Standards among 146 group childcare centres across BC. The 2018-19 surveys measured theoretically based constructs associated with implementation of policies and practices (9 childcare- and 8 provider- level characteristics as well as 4 attributes of the licensing standards). Characteristics that were associated in simple regression models were entered in multivariable regression models to identify factors associated with policy and practice changes related to fundamental movement skills (FMS), screen time, total amount of active play (AP) and total amount of outdoor AP from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS In multivariable analyses, higher staff capacity (OR = 2.1, 95% 1.2, 3.7) and perceived flexibility of the standards (OR: 3.3, 95% 1.5, 7.1) were associated with higher odds of a policy change related to FMS. Higher staff commitment to the AP standards was associated with a higher odds of policy changes related to screen time (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.4) and amount of AP (OR: 1.5, 95% 1.0, 2.3). Higher institutionalization of PA policies was associated with a higher odds of policy changes related to the amount of AP (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 20). Higher self-efficacy was associated with a higher odds of policy changes related to outdoor AP (OR = 2.9, 95% 1.1, 7.8). Appetite to Play training was a positively associated with practice changes related to FMS (β = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.9). CONCLUSIONS A hierarchy of theoretically defined factors influenced childcare providers' implementation of the AP Standards in BC. Future research should test the feasibility of modifying these factors to improve the implementation of PA policy and practice interventions in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Tugault-Lafleur
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Erica Y Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 828 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, F508-4490, Canada.
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Kuzik N, Cameron C, Carson V, Chaput JP, Colley R, Doiron J, Faulkner G, Janssen I, Saunders T, Spence JC, Tucker P, Vanderloo LM, Tremblay MS. The 2022 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth: Focus on the COVID-19 pandemic impact and equity-deserving groups. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1172168. [PMID: 37304090 PMCID: PMC10250634 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1172168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth is the most comprehensive national assessment of physical activity and related behaviors, characteristics, and opportunities for children and youth. The 2022 Report Card assigned grades based on data gathered during the COVID-19 pandemic to reflect this extraordinary time-period in Canada. Further, while not graded, efforts were made to summarize key findings for early years children and those identifying as: having a disability, Indigenous, 2SLGBTQ+, newcomers to Canada, racialized, or girls. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the 2022 ParticipACTION Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth. Methods The best available physical activity data captured during the whole COVID-19 pandemic was synthesized across 14 different indicators in four categories. The 2022 Report Card Research Committee assigned letter grades (i.e., A-F) based on expert consensus of the evidence. Synthesis Grades were assigned for: Daily Behaviors (Overall Physical Activity: D; Active Play: D-; Active Transportation: C-; Organized Sport: C+; Physical Education: Incomplete [INC]; Sedentary Behaviors: F; Sleep: B; 24-Hour Movement Behaviors: F), Individual Characteristics (Physical Literacy: INC; Physical Fitness: INC), Spaces and Places (Household: C, School: B-, Community and Environment: B), and Strategies and Investments (Government: B-). Compared to the 2020 Report Card, the COVID-19 specific grades increased for Active Play and Active Transportation; and decreased for Overall Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviors, Organized Sport, and Community and Environment. There were many data gaps for equity-deserving groups. Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, the grade for Overall Physical Activity decreased from a D+ (2020) to a D, coinciding with decreases in grades reflecting fewer opportunities for sport and community/facility-based activities as well as higher levels of sedentary behaviors. Fortunately, improvements in Active Transportation and Active Play during COVID-19 prevented a worse shift in children's health behaviors. Efforts are needed to improve physical activity for children and youth during and post-pandemic, with a greater emphasis on equity-deserving groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christine Cameron
- Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Colley
- Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joe Doiron
- Independent Practitioner, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Travis Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - John C. Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh M. Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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9
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Bourke M, Haddara A, Loh A, Carson V, Breau B, Tucker P. Adherence to the World Health Organization's physical activity recommendation in preschool-aged children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of accelerometer studies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:52. [PMID: 37101226 PMCID: PMC10132436 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that preschool-aged children should engage in 180 min of total physical activity (TPA) including 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day. No systematic reviews or meta-analyses have pooled adherence to the recommendation across multiple studies. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving the WHO's physical activity recommendation for young children, and determine if the prevalence differed between boys and girls. METHODS Primary literature searches were conducted on six online databases and a machine learning assisted systematic review was used to identify relevant studies. Studies written in English reporting on the prevalence of children aged 3-5 years achieving overall WHO physical activity recommendation or the individual TPA or MVPA aspects of the recommendation measured using accelerometers were eligible for inclusion. Random effects meta-analysis was used to determine the prevalence of preschools achieving the overall WHO recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspect of the recommendation, and to determine difference in prevalence between boys and girls. RESULTS Forty-eight studies reporting on 20,078 preschool-aged children met the inclusion criteria. Based on the most commonly employed accelerometer cut-points across all aspects of the recommendation, 60% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 37%, 79%) of preschool-aged children adhered to the overall physical activity recommendation, 78% (95% CI = 38%, 95%) adhered to the TPA aspect of the recommendation, and 90% (95% CI = 81%, 95%) adhered to the MVPA aspect of the recommendation. There was substantial variability is prevalence estimates between different accelerometer cut-points. Girls were significantly less likely to achieve the overall recommendation and the MVPA aspect of the recommendation than boys were. CONCLUSIONS Although there was substantial variability in estimated prevalence of preschool-aged children adhering the WHO physical activity recommendation between various accelerometer cut-points, the weight of available evidence suggests that the majority of young children are adhering to the overall recommendation and the individual TPA and MVPA aspects of the recommendation. Large-scale, intercontinental surveillance studies are needed to further strengthen the evidence regarding the prevalence of preschool-aged children achieving physical activity recommendation globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bourke
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Ameena Haddara
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Aidan Loh
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Becky Breau
- Fowler Kennedy Sport Medicine Clinic, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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10
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Hwang Y, Boyd M, Davenport C, Carson V. The Relative Contributions of Center Demographic, Director, Parental, Social, Environmental, and Policy Factors to Changes in Outdoor Play in Childcare Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:508-521. [PMID: 37055024 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relative contributions of factors from multiple social-ecological levels in explaining outdoor play changes in childcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS In Alberta, Canada, licensed childcare center directors (n = 160) completed an online questionnaire. For outcomes, changes in the frequency and duration of outdoor play in childcare centers during COVID-19 compared to before COVID-19 were measured. For exposures, center demographic, director, parental, social, environmental, and policy-level factors were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted separately for winter (December-March) and nonwinter months (April-November). RESULTS In most instances, factors at each social-ecological level explained a statistically significant amount of unique variance in changes in outdoor play in childcare centers during COVID-19. Full models accounted for more than 26% of the variance in the outcomes. Changes in parental interest in outdoor play was the most consistent correlate of changes in the frequency and duration of outdoor play in both winter and nonwinter months during COVID-19. In terms of changes in the duration of outdoor play, social support from the provincial government, health authority, and licensing, and changes in the number of play areas in licensed outdoor play spaces were also consistent correlates in both winter and nonwinter months during COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Factors from multiple social-ecological levels uniquely contributed to changes in outdoor play in childcare centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings can help inform interventions and public health initiatives related to outdoor play in childcare centers during and after the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Hwang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Madison Boyd
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Cody Davenport
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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11
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Hwang Y, Boyd M, Naylor PJ, Rhodes RE, Liu S, Moldenhauer R, Li J, Wright C, Buckler EJ, Carson V. Piloting the Virtual PLAYshop Program: A Parent-Focused Physical Literacy Intervention for Early Childhood. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10040720. [PMID: 37189969 DOI: 10.3390/children10040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The PLAYshop program is a parent-focused physical literacy intervention for early childhood. This single-group mixed-methods pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility of virtually delivering and assessing the PLAYshop program. The virtual PLAYshop program included a virtual workshop, resources/basic equipment, and two booster emails (3-week and 6-week follow-up). Data on 34 preschool-aged children (3-5 years) and their parents from Edmonton and Victoria, Canada, were collected via an online questionnaire, virtual assessment session, and interview at single or multiple time points (baseline, post-workshop, 2-month follow-up). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), paired t-tests, repeated measures ANOVAs, and thematic analyses were conducted. Regarding feasibility, most parents (≥94%) were satisfied/extremely satisfied with the virtual workshop and planned to continue physical literacy activities post-workshop. The virtual assessment protocol for children's fundamental movement skills (FMS; overhand throw, underhand throw, horizontal jump, hop, one-leg balance) was feasible, with high completion rates (>90%) and reliable scoring (ICC = 0.79-0.99). For positive changes in potential outcomes, a medium effect size was observed for children's hopping skills (d = 0.54), and large effect sizes were observed for several parental outcomes (partial η2 = 0.20-0.54). The findings support the feasibility and potential positive outcomes of the virtual PLAYshop program. A larger randomized controlled efficacy trial is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongho Hwang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Madison Boyd
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Ramiah Moldenhauer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Joshua Li
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Chris Wright
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - E Jean Buckler
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
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12
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Zhang Z, Matenchuk BA, Skow RJ, Davenport MH, Carson V. Associations between demographic and parental factors and infant sleep characteristics. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:221-232. [PMID: 38469278 PMCID: PMC10900024 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00438-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although sleep problems are highly prevalent in infants, the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence sleep consolidation and regulation in this age group are not well understood. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations of demographic and parental factors with infant sleep characteristics. Participants were 97 Canadian mother-infant dyads primarily from Edmonton, Alberta. Demographic factors (e.g., infant age), parenting practices (e.g., sleep position, sleep initiation methods), and infants sleep characteristics (e.g., the frequency of nighttime awakenings) were assessed using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Maternal sleep characteristics (e.g., nighttime sleep duration) were assessed using Actigraph accelerometers. Infant age (mean = 4.24 ± 2.90) was associated with most infant sleep characteristics. In multiple regression models for infant nighttime sleep duration, after removing influential observations, a negative association for side (vs. prone) sleep position was, respectively, observed. In multiple regression models for the frequency of nighttime awakenings in infants, positive associations for infants falling asleep while feeding (vs. in bed alone) and side (vs. prone) sleep position were consistently observed after removing influential observations. Lower nighttime sleep efficiency (B = - 0.08, 95%CI: - 0.13, - 0.02) and longer nighttime wake after sleep onset (B = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.41, 1.65) in mothers were associated with more frequent nighttime awakenings in infants. After removing influential observations, more frequent nighttime awakenings (B = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.61) and longer total sleep duration (B = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.11, 0.55) in mothers were also associated with more frequent nighttime awakenings in infants. Sleep initiation methods with less parental involvement, and more continuous and efficient maternal nighttime sleep, tended to be associated with less interrupted infant sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Brittany A. Matenchuk
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel J. Skow
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Margie H. Davenport
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
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13
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Eaton A, Ball GDC, Hwang Y, Carson V, Gokiert R, Dennett L, Rajani H, Zhang M, Dyson MP. The Impacts of COVID-19 Restrictions on Physical Activity in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Evidence. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:423-437. [PMID: 36965492 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this systematic review were to synthesize qualitative evidence on the impacts of COVID-19 restrictions on physical activity (PA) for children and youth, and explore factors perceived to influence those impacts. METHODS Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, and CINAHL) were searched initially in June 2021 and updated in December 2021 to locate qualitative articles considering COVID-19 restrictions and PA for children and youth (≤18 y old), in any setting. Eligibility, quality assessments, and data extraction were completed by 2 independent reviewers. Data were synthesized using meta-aggregation with confidence of findings rated using ConQual. RESULTS After screening 3505 records, 15 studies were included. Curriculum-based PA, organized sport, and active transportation were negatively impacted by COVID-19 restrictions. Negative changes were affected by COVID-19 exposure risks, inadequate instruction, poor access, screen time, and poor weather. Unstructured PA was inconsistently impacted; outdoor unstructured PA increased for some. Positive changes were facilitated by family co-participation, availability of outdoor space, and perceived mental health benefits. CONCLUSION Qualitative data indicated restrictions had a predominantly negative impact on PA for children and youth, but inconsistent impacts on unstructured PA. The improved contextual understanding offered by our review will be foundational knowledge for health strategies moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Eaton
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Yeongho Hwang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport & Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport & Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Rebecca Gokiert
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | | | - Hasu Rajani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
- Northeast Community Health Centre, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Mona Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
- Northeast Community Health Centre, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Michele P Dyson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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14
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Rai J, Predy M, Wiebe SA, Rinaldi C, Zheng Y, Carson V. Patterns of preschool children's screen time, parent-child interactions, and cognitive development in early childhood: a pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:39. [PMID: 36918980 PMCID: PMC10012297 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to explore the feasibility of a virtual study protocol for a future longitudinal study, including recruitment, study measures, and procedures. The secondary objective was to examine preliminary hypotheses of associations, including 1) the correlations between total duration and patterns of screen time and cognitive development, and 2) the differences in quality of parent-child interactions for two screen-based tasks and a storybook reading task. METHODS Participants included 44 children aged 3 years and their parents from Edmonton, Alberta and surrounding areas. Children's screen time patterns (i.e., type, device, content, context) were parental-reported using a 2-week online daily diary design. Children's cognitive development (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control, self-control, and language) was measured virtually through a recorded Zoom session. Parent-child interactions during three separate tasks (i.e., video, electronic game, and storybook reading) were also measured virtually through a separate recorded Zoom session (n = 42). The quality of the interactions was determined by the Parent-Child Interaction System (PARCHISY). Descriptive statistics, Intra-class correlations (ICC), Spearman's Rho correlations, and a one-way repeated measures ANOVA with a post-hoc Bonferroni test were conducted. RESULTS All virtual protocol procedures ran smoothly. Most (70%) participants were recruited from four 1-week directly targeted Facebook ads. High completion rates and high inter-rater reliability in a random sample (Diary: 95% for 13/14 days; Cognitive development: 98% 3/4 tests, ICC > 0.93; Parent-child interactions: 100% for 3 tasks, Weighted Kappa ≥ 0.84) were observed for measures. Across cognitive development outcomes, medium effect sizes were observed for five correlations, with positive correlations observed with certain content (i.e., educational screen time) and negative associations observed for total screen time and certain types (show/movie/video viewing) and contexts (i.e., co-use). Medium and large effect sizes were observed for the differences in parent-child interaction quality between the three tasks. CONCLUSIONS The virtual study protocol appeared feasible. Preliminary findings suggest it may be important to go beyond total duration and consider type, content, and context when examining the association between screen time and cognitive development. A future longitudinal study using this virtual protocol will be conducted with a larger and more generalizable sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Rai
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Sandra A Wiebe
- Faculty of Arts - Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christina Rinaldi
- Faculty of Education - Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yao Zheng
- Faculty of Arts - Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840-114 St., Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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15
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Lang JJ, Zhang K, Agostinis-Sobrinho C, Andersen LB, Basterfield L, Berglind D, Blain DO, Cadenas-Sanchez C, Cameron C, Carson V, Colley RC, Csányi T, Faigenbaum AD, García-Hermoso A, Gomes TNQF, Gribbon A, Janssen I, Jurak G, Kaj M, Kidokoro T, Lane KN, Liu Y, Löf M, Lubans DR, Magnussen CG, Manyanga T, McGrath R, Mota J, Olds T, Onywera VO, Ortega FB, Oyeyemi AL, Prince SA, Ramírez-Vélez R, Roberts KC, Rubín L, Servais J, Silva DAS, Silva DR, Smith JJ, Song Y, Stratton G, Timmons BW, Tomkinson GR, Tremblay MS, Wong SHS, Fraser BJ. Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study. Sports Med 2023; 53:549-564. [PMID: 36001291 PMCID: PMC9399984 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of physical fitness has a history that dates back nearly 200 years. Recently, there has been an increase in international research and surveillance on physical fitness creating a need for setting international priorities that could help guide future efforts. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to produce a list of the top 10 international priorities for research and surveillance on physical fitness among children and adolescents. METHODS Using a twin-panel Delphi method, two independent panels consisting of 46 international experts were identified (panel 1 = 28, panel 2 = 18). The panel participants were asked to list up to five priorities for research or surveillance (round 1), and then rated the items from their own panel on a 5-point Likert scale of importance (round 2). In round 3, experts were asked to rate the priorities identified by the other panel. RESULTS There was strong between-panel agreement (panel 1: rs = 0.76, p < 0.01; panel 2: rs = 0.77, p < 0.01) in the priorities identified. The list of the final top 10 priorities included (i) "conduct longitudinal studies to assess changes in fitness and associations with health". This was followed by (ii) "use fitness surveillance to inform decision making", and (iii) "implement regular and consistent international/national fitness surveys using common measures". CONCLUSIONS The priorities identified in this study provide guidance for future international collaborations and research efforts on the physical fitness of children and adolescents over the next decade and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lang
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - César Agostinis-Sobrinho
- grid.14329.3d0000 0001 1011 2418Faculty of Health Sciences, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- grid.477239.c0000 0004 1754 9964Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences. Western, Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Laura Basterfield
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel Berglind
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Global Public Health and Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine (CES), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dylan O. Blain
- grid.12362.340000 0000 9280 9077Institute of Management and Health, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, Wales, UK
| | - Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Christine Cameron
- grid.418590.10000 0001 2164 2780Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Rachel C. Colley
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Health Analysis Division, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Tamás Csányi
- Department of Physical Education Theory and Methodology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary ,grid.5591.80000 0001 2294 6276Faculty of Primary and Pre-School Education, ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Avery D. Faigenbaum
- grid.264500.50000 0004 0400 5239Kinesiology and Health Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ USA
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain
| | - Thayse Natacha Q. F. Gomes
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil
| | - Aidan Gribbon
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Gregor Jurak
- grid.8954.00000 0001 0721 6013Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mónika Kaj
- grid.511942.aHungarian School Sport Federation, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- grid.412200.50000 0001 2228 003XResearch Institute for Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kirstin N. Lane
- grid.143640.40000 0004 1936 9465School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China ,grid.412543.50000 0001 0033 4148Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Marie Löf
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5640.70000 0001 2162 9922Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David R. Lubans
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- grid.1051.50000 0000 9760 5620Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
| | - Taru Manyanga
- grid.266876.b0000 0001 2156 9982Division of Medical Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC Canada
| | - Ryan McGrath
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA ,grid.509356.c0000 0004 0420 0122Fargo VA Healthcare System, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Jorge Mota
- grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Tim Olds
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XMurdoch Children’s Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Vincent O. Onywera
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francisco B. Ortega
- grid.4489.10000000121678994PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Adewale L. Oyeyemi
- grid.413017.00000 0000 9001 9645Department of Physiotherapy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Stephanie A. Prince
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Pamplona, Navarra Spain ,grid.442065.10000 0004 0486 4893Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca (UCEVA), Túlua, Colombia ,grid.413448.e0000 0000 9314 1427CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karen C. Roberts
- grid.415368.d0000 0001 0805 4386Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON K9A 0K9 Canada
| | - Lukáš Rubín
- grid.6912.c0000000110151740Department of Physical Education and Sport, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic ,grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Institute of Active Lifestyle, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jennifer Servais
- grid.413850.b0000 0001 2097 5698Centre for Population Health Data, Statistics Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Diego Augusto Santos Silva
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Sports Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC Brazil
| | - Danilo R. Silva
- grid.411252.10000 0001 2285 6801Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE Brazil ,grid.441837.d0000 0001 0765 9762Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jordan J. Smith
- grid.266842.c0000 0000 8831 109XCentre for Active Living and Learning, College of Human and Social Futures, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW Australia
| | - Yi Song
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Gareth Stratton
- grid.4827.90000 0001 0658 8800Applied Sport Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Faculty Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Wales, UK
| | - Brian W. Timmons
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- grid.1026.50000 0000 8994 5086Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA Australia ,grid.266862.e0000 0004 1936 8163Department of Education, Health and Behavior Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Stephen H. S. Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brooklyn J. Fraser
- grid.1009.80000 0004 1936 826XMenzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS Australia
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Carson V, Boyd M, Potter M, Rhodes R, Liu S, Naylor PJ. Protocol for the PLAYshop randomised controlled trial: examining efficacy of a virtually delivered parent-focused physical literacy intervention for early childhood on child-specific and family-specific outcomes. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e066962. [PMID: 36549741 PMCID: PMC9772121 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The PLAYshop programme is a novel, brief, theory-based, parent-focused physical literacy intervention in early childhood designed to address the major public health issue of childhood physical inactivity. The primary objective of this study is to examine the efficacy of the virtually delivered PLAYshop programme in increasing preschool-aged children's physical literacy, including fundamental movement skills and motivation and enjoyment. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study aims to recruit 130 families with preschool-aged children (3-5 years) from Alberta and British Columbia, Canada who will be randomised to an intervention or control group. The PLAYshop programme is informed by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behavior (COM-B) model and includes four intervention strategies: (1) educational training via a 60 min virtual synchronous workshop, (2) educational resources via handouts, (3) material resources via a goody bag of basic active play equipment and (4) follow-up support via access to a digital app with an online toolkit and four biweekly booster lessons (1-week, 3-week, 5-week and 7-week follow-up). To assess the primary outcome of physical literacy, five fundamental movement skills (overhand throw, underhand throw, horizontal jump, hop, one leg balance) will be measured virtually at baseline and 2-month follow-up using the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) tools. Additionally, children's motivation and enjoyment will also be assessed at baseline and 2-month follow-up by: (1) parental-report using items from the Preschool Physical Literacy Assessment (PrePLAy) and (2) self-report using an adapted Five Degrees of Happiness Likert scale for children. The control group will receive the PLAYshop programme after the 2-month follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the University of Alberta (00093764) and University of Victoria (16-444) Research Ethics Boards. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, social and traditional media and a circulated infographic. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05255250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Madison Boyd
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Morgan Potter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sam Liu
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Carson V, Zhang Z, Predy M, Pritchard L, Hesketh KD. Adherence to Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among infants and associations with development: a longitudinal study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:154. [PMID: 36522740 PMCID: PMC9753321 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01397-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine: 1) longitudinal adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in a sample of infants and 2) associations between adherence to the guidelines over time and development. METHODS Participants were 250 parent-infant dyads from the Early Movers project in Edmonton, Alberta. At 2, 4, and 6 months of age, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, and development were measured with a parental questionnaire that included items from the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3). Parents also reported the dates six major gross motor milestones were acquired during the first 18 months of life according to World Health Organization criteria. In a sub-sample (n = 93), movement behaviours were also measured with a time-use diary at 2, 4, and 6 months and gross motor development was measured by a physiotherapist using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at 6 months. Guideline adherence was defined as: 1) ≥ 30 min/day of tummy time, 2) no screen time, some reading time, no restrained bouts > 1 h (time-use diary only), and 3) 14-17 h (2 months) or 12-16 h (4 and 6 months) of sleep per 24-h period. Generalized estimating equations were conducted as well as linear mixed models and linear regression models that adjusted for demographic characteristics. RESULTS Few infants met the guidelines at all time-points (questionnaire: 2%; time-use diary: 0%). Infants that met a recommendation at 2 months, compared to those that did not, were 1.8-8.2 times more likely to meet that recommendation at subsequent time-points. Meeting more recommendations across time-points, according to both measures, was associated with a higher mean ASQ-3 gross motor score. Each additional time-point of tummy time recommendation adherence (questionnaire-measured) was associated with a 5-11-day earlier acquisition of independent sitting, crawling, and independent standing milestones. In the sub-sample, each additional time-point of guideline adherence was associated with a 16% higher AIMS score at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Guideline adherence was low across the first 6 months of infancy. Overall, meeting more recommendations over this period appeared important for gross motor development. Parents and caregivers should be targeted as early as possible with guideline dissemination and activation strategies to promote healthy infant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lesley Pritchard
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
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18
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Hunter S, Spence JC, Leatherdale ST, Carson V. Associations Between Parent's Perceived Neighborhood Environment and Objectively Measured Walkability With Their Children's Physical Activity. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:811-819. [PMID: 36370701 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhoods are one setting to promote children's physical activity. This study examined associations between neighborhood features and children's physical activity and whether season or socioeconomic status modified these associations. METHODS Parents (n = 641) of children aged 6-10 years completed the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale-Abbreviated. Walkability was objectively measured at 400, 800, and 1200 m around the centroid of participants' postal codes. Children's physical activity was measured via StepsCount pedometers and parental report. Regression analyses were performed with interaction terms for season and socioeconomic status. Multiple imputation was used primarily to triangulate the results for children with missing steps data (n = 192). RESULTS Higher perceived residential density and traffic hazards were significantly associated with lower squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity and steps per day, respectively. Higher perceived aesthetics was associated with higher squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity. Socioeconomic status modified 2 associations though they were not significant upon stratification. During winter months, better perceived infrastructure and safety for walking was associated with higher squareroot transformed parental-reported physical activity. No other significant associations emerged. CONCLUSION Residential density, traffic hazards, and aesthetics are important for children's physical activity. Few associations were modified by socioeconomic status or season. The need for objective and subjective measures of the neighborhood environment and children's physical activity is apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON,Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
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19
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Ding D, Carson V, Hunter RF, Jáuregui A, Kolbe-Alexander T, Lee EY, Mair JL, Mielke GI, Oyeyemi AL, Ramírez Varela A, Salvo D, Siefken K, Tassitano RM, van Sluijs E, Hallal PC. Science has no Borders, so Should Scientific Publishing: A Position Statement from the Journal of Physical Activity and Health. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:809-810. [PMID: 36318917 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Australian Systems Approaches to Physical Activity (ASAPa) Project, Prevention Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW,Australia
- The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW,Australia
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB,Canada
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast,United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca,Mexico
| | - Tracy Kolbe-Alexander
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD,Australia
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies (cross-appointment with the Department of Gender Studies), Queen's University, Kingston, ON,Canada
| | - Jacqueline L Mair
- Future Health Technologies, Singapore-ETH Centre, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore,Singapore
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD,Australia
| | - Adewale L Oyeyemi
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State,Nigeria
| | | | - Deborah Salvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX,USA
| | - Katja Siefken
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg,Germany
| | - Rafael M Tassitano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE,Brazil
| | - Esther van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit & UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,United Kingdom
| | - Pedro C Hallal
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,USA
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20
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Matenchuk BA, Carson V, Riske LA, Carnio A, Davenport MH. TV time, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic biomarkers in pregnancy-NHANES 2003-2006. Can J Public Health 2022; 113:726-735. [PMID: 35587307 PMCID: PMC9481763 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00634-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the impacts of individual and combined associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) (accelerometer-derived), as well as MVPA and television (TV) time (self-reported) on cardiometabolic biomarkers during pregnancy. METHODS Participants were 332 pregnant women from the 2003-2006 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to examine the relationships between individual and combinations of high/low MVPA, ST, and TV time with cardiometabolic biomarkers: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS Women with high MVPA (≥ 17 min/day) compared to those with low MVPA (< 17 min/day) had significantly lower BMI. Women with low ST (< 503 min/day) compared to those with high ST (≥ 503 min/day) had significantly lower SBP and DBP. Women with low TV (< 3 h/day) compared to those with high TV (≥ 3 h/day) had significantly lower BMI and log-transformed CRP. Women with a combination of low ST/high MVPA had lower SBP and DBP (ptrend < 0.03). Women with a combination of low TV/high MVPA had lower BMI and log-transformed CRP (ptrend < 0.00). CONCLUSION We need to consider both physical activity and sedentary time for improved cardiometabolic health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Matenchuk
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurel A Riske
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Allison Carnio
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Margie H Davenport
- Program for Pregnancy and Postpartum Health, Physical Activity and Diabetes Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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21
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Pirrie M, Carson V, Dubin JA, Leatherdale ST. Do school characteristics, based on the Comprehensive School Health Framework, contribute to youth meeting national physical activity recommendations over time? Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2022; 42:408-419. [PMID: 36165767 PMCID: PMC9559192 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.42.9.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canadian youth are insufficiently active, and schools may play a role in promoting student physical activity (PA). Based on the Comprehensive School Health (CSH) framework, this study examined whether school characteristics are associated with secondary school students meeting national PA recommendations over time. METHODS We used COMPASS survey data from 78 schools in Ontario and Alberta and 9870 Grade 9 and 10 students attending those schools. Students who provided two years of linked PA data (2013/14 and 2015/16) and gender were included. Multilevel analysis was conducted by gender, evaluating the relationship of school-level characteristics (guided by CSH) with students achieving all three PA recommendations after two years (≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA, vigorous PA ≥ 3 days/week, strengthening activities ≥ 3 days/week). RESULTS More than half (56.9%) of students achieving the PA recommendations at baseline were no longer achieving them after two years, and just a quarter (25.6%) of students not achieving the recommendations at baseline achieved them after two years. School-level factors were significantly associated with students achieving the recommendations, but these factors differed by student strata (i.e. by gender and baseline PA status). Generally, student access to equipment, public health partnerships and staff time for health were associated with increased odds of achieving the PA recommendations for certain students. CONCLUSION Modifications to school characteristics within CSH may play a role in supporting students in achieving or continuing to achieve the PA recommendations after two years. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying dynamics of the observed relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pirrie
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joel A Dubin
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Pirrie M, Carson V, Dubin JA, Leatherdale ST. A Comprehensive School Health Approach to Student Physical Activity: A Multilevel Analysis Examining the Association between School-Level Factors and Student Physical Activity Behaviors. J Sch Health 2022; 92:774-785. [PMID: 35315080 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comprehensive school health (CSH) framework has four components: social and physical environment; partnerships and services; teaching and learning; and policy. This study examines associations between CSH and student physical activity (PA). METHODS Using 2015/2016 COMPASS study survey data of 37,397 students (grades 9-12) from 80 secondary schools in Ontario and Alberta, Canada, associations between school-level factors within CSH and student PA outcomes (weekly moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA] minutes and achieving the national PA recommendations of ≥60 min of MVPA daily, vigorous PA ≥3 days/week, strengthening activities ≥3 days/week) were analyzed using multilevel regression models stratified by gender and grade. RESULTS Factors within all four CSH components were associated with student PA. Four student subgroups were more likely to achieve the recommendations if their school had youth organization partnerships (Range of AORs:1.15-1.33, p <.05) and female students were less likely if their school had low prioritization of PA (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: [0.65-0.92]). Grade 9 students had higher MVPA when provided non-competitive PA opportunities (β = 100.4, 95%CI: [30.0-170.9]). All student subgroups had better PA outcomes when schools provided access to equipment during non-instructional time. CONCLUSION There is opportunity to improve student PA through CSH-guided interventions, but different strategies may be more effective for each gender/grade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Pirrie
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H9
| | - Joel A Dubin
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, and School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
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23
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Rai J, Kuzik N, Carson V. Demographic, parental and home environment correlates of traditional and mobile screen time in preschool-aged children. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 48:544-551. [PMID: 34993994 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research on the correlates of screen time in young children, that could be targeted in future interventions to improve healthy development, has primarily focused on TV viewing with little consideration of mobile devices. The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between a range of demographic, parental, and home environment correlates and preschool-aged children's TV/video viewing, video/computer game playing, and total screen time across traditional and mobile devices. METHODS The results of this cross-sectional study are based on 106 preschool-aged children (3-5 years) and their parents recruited in 2018 in Edmonton, Alberta. Children's and parental demographic information, home characteristics, and information about parental and children's screen time use was measured using a parent questionnaire. Simple and multiple linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS Each additional hour/day of parental screen time was associated with 12 (95%CI = 5.2, 19.8) minutes/day of children's TV/video, 6 (95%CI = 1.5, 11.0), minutes/day of video/computer game playing, and 19 (95%CI = 8.9, 29.2) minutes/day of total screen time. Additionally, significant associations of technology interference and presence of electronics in the bedroom with children's screen time were attenuated in the multiple regression models. CONCLUSIONS Parental screen time appears important to target in future family-based screen time interventions and initiatives. Future studies should explore potential mediating or moderating variables between parental screen time and children's screen time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Rai
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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24
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Zhang Z, Adamo KB, Ogden N, Goldfield GS, Okely AD, Kuzik N, Crozier M, Hunter S, Predy M, Carson V. Associations between screen time and cognitive development in preschoolers. Paediatr Child Health 2022; 27:105-110. [PMID: 35599677 PMCID: PMC9113848 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxab067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the cross-sectional associations between screen time and cognitive development in preschoolers. METHODS Participants were 97 preschoolers (36 to 60 months) in Alberta and Ontario, Canada in the supporting Healthy physical AcTive Childcare setting (HATCH) study. The time that children spent watching television, videos or DVDs (television time) or playing video or computer games (video game time) on a television, computer, or portable device was assessed using a parental questionnaire. Television time and video game time were summed to calculate total screen time. Adherence to the screen time recommendation (≤1 hour/day) of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was calculated. Expressive vocabulary and working memory were assessed using the Early Years Toolbox. Due to the distribution of working memory, it was categorized as a binary variable based on the median score. The associations between screen time and cognitive development were examined using mixed models (expressive vocabulary) or generalized mixed models (working memory). RESULTS Screen time was not associated with expressive vocabulary. Preschoolers who had higher total screen time were less likely to have better working memory (OR=0.52; 95%CI:0.31, 0.88), despite the null associations for television time (P=0.155) and video game time (P=0.079). Preschoolers who met the screen time recommendation were more likely to have higher working memory capacity (OR=3.48; 95%CI:1.06, 11.47), compared to those who did not meet the recommendation. CONCLUSION Limiting total screen time to no more than one hour per day may facilitate working memory development in preschoolers. Screen time may be unrelated to expressive language development in this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Ogden
- Faculty of Arts, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mitchell Crozier
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Tugault-Lafleur CN, Naylor PJ, Carson V, Faulkner G, Lau EY, Wolfenden L, Mâsse LC. Does an active play standard change childcare physical activity and healthy eating policies? A natural policy experiment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:687. [PMID: 35395752 PMCID: PMC8991472 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2017, the provincial government of British Columbia (BC) implemented a mandatory policy outlining Active Play Standards (AP Standards) to increase physical activity (PA) levels, sedentary and motor skills among children attending licensed childcare centers. Concurrently, a capacity-building initiative was launched to help implement policies and practices supporting both PA and healthy eating (HE) in the early years. This study evaluated differences in center-level PA and HE policies and practices before and after the enforcement of the new provincial AP Standards. Methods Using a repeat cross-sectional design, surveys were distributed to managers and staff of licensed childcare facilities serving children aged 2–5 years before (2016–2017 or ‘time 1’) and after (2018–2019 or ‘time 2’) implementation of the AP Standards across BC. The total sample included 1,459 respondents (910 and 549 respondents at time 1 and time 2, respectively). Hierarchical mixed effects models were used to examine differences in 9 and 7 PA/sedentary policies and practices, respectively, as well as 11 HE policies between time 1 and time 2. Models controlled for childcare size and area-level population size, education, and income. Results Compared to centers surveyed at time 1, centers at time 2 were more likely to report written policies related to: fundamental movement skills, total amount of Active Play (AP) time, staff-led AP, unfacilitated play/free play, total amount of outdoor AP time, limiting screen time, breaking up prolonged sitting, staff role modeling of PA, and training staff about PA (P < 0.01 for all 9 policies examined). Compared to time 1, centers at time 2 reported more frequent practices related to ensuring children engaged in at least 120 min of AP, 60 min of outdoor AP daily, and limiting screen time (P < 0.01 for 3 out of 7 practices examined). Despite no additional policy intervention related to HE, centers were more likely to report having written policies related to: HE education for children, encouraging new foods, having family-style meals, offering only milk or water, limiting the amount of juice served, staff role modeling of HE, limiting the types of foods at parties/celebrations and foods brought from home (P < 0.05 for 9 out of 11 HE policies). Conclusion Approximately a year after the implementation of a governmental policy targeting PA supported by a capacity-building initiative, childcare centers reported positive changes in all 9 PA/sedentary policies examined, all 3 out of 7 PA/sedentary practices and 9 out of 11 HE policies evaluated at the center-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Tugault-Lafleur
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, Van Vliet Complex, University of Alberta, 1-151 University Hall, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 210-6081 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Erica Y Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 828West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Louise C Mâsse
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,School of Population and Public Health, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, F508-4490Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3V4, Canada.
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Kuzik N, da Costa BGG, Hwang Y, Verswijveren SJJM, Rollo S, Tremblay MS, Bélanger S, Carson V, Davis M, Hornby S, Huang WY, Law B, Salmon J, Tomasone JR, Wachira LJ, Wijndaele K, Saunders TJ. School-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being among children and youth: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:40. [PMID: 35382825 PMCID: PMC8979786 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01258-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the associations between school-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being in children and youth (~ 5-18 years) attending school. METHODS This review was conducted to inform the development of School-Related Sedentary Behaviour Recommendations. Peer-reviewed, published, or in-press articles in English were included. Reviews, meta-analyses, and case studies were excluded; all other study designs were eligible. Further, articles had to meet the a priori study criteria for population, intervention, comparator (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021227600). Embase, MEDLINE® ALL, and PsycINFO were searched. Risk of bias was assessed for individual experimental studies using the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and in observational studies based on the GRADE framework and in line with previous systematic reviews examining sedentary behaviours in children. Overall quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework for each outcome category and study design. Results were synthesized narratively, grouped by study design and outcome category. Further, several high-level summaries were conducted to help interpret results. RESULTS Evidence was synthesized from 116 reports, including 1,385,038 participants and 1173 extracted associations. More school-related sedentary behaviour was favourably associated with nearly one-third of extracted associations for cognitive (33%) and social-emotional (32%) indicators (e.g., less anxiety), but unfavourably associated with other movement behaviours (e.g., less physical activity) (35%). Active lessons were favourable (72%), compared to more school-related sedentary behaviours, when examining associations for all health and well-being indicators. More homework was favourable across all health and well-being indicators in 4% of extracted associations for primary school children, and 25% of extracted associations for secondary school children. However, ≥2 h/day of homework appeared to be unfavourable for health and well-being. Limitations for synthesized studies included generally low quality of evidence and a lack of studies in South American, African, or low-middle income countries. CONCLUSIONS Findings can help inform policy makers, schools, and teachers, regarding the amount of homework assigned and the introduction of active lessons into the classroom to enhance health and well-being of children. More research is needed examining school-related sedentary behaviours and indicators of health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Bruno G. G. da Costa
- grid.260989.c0000 0000 8588 8547School of Physical & Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada
| | - Yeongho Hwang
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Simone J. J. M. Verswijveren
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Scott Rollo
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- grid.414148.c0000 0000 9402 6172Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada ,grid.34428.390000 0004 1936 893XDepartment of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stacey Bélanger
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médicine, Université de Montréal and CHU Sainte Justine, CIRENE (Centre Intégré du Réseau en Neurodéveloppement de L’Enfant), Montréal, Quebec Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- grid.17089.370000 0001 2190 316XFaculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Melanie Davis
- Physical and Health Education (PHE) Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Hornby
- Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health (JCSH), Summerside, Canada
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- grid.221309.b0000 0004 1764 5980Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbi Law
- grid.260989.c0000 0000 8588 8547School of Physical & Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Canada
| | - Jo Salmon
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Lucy-Joy Wachira
- grid.9762.a0000 0000 8732 4964Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Katrien Wijndaele
- grid.5335.00000000121885934MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- grid.139596.10000 0001 2167 8433Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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Lane C, Naylor PJ, Predy M, Kurtzhals M, Rhodes RE, Morton K, Hunter S, Carson V. Exploring a parent-focused physical literacy intervention for early childhood: a pragmatic controlled trial of the PLAYshop. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:659. [PMID: 35382793 PMCID: PMC8982907 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents play a key role in young children’s physical activity and physical literacy development. Little research has explored parent-focused interventions to improve young children’s physical literacy. We examined if a theory-based, feasible physical literacy training workshop (PLAYshop) for parents could improve their physical literacy knowledge and confidence and improve parenting practices related to facilitating the physical literacy development of their preschool-aged child (3-5 years). The secondary objective was to explore implementation facilitators and barriers. Methods We conducted a pragmatic controlled trial in two Canadian cities (Edmonton and Victoria) from November 2019 – March 2020. A total of 143/151 parents were eligible and assigned to intervention (n = 71) or control group (n = 72). The PLAYshop included: (i) a 75-min in-person workshop with interactive activities and physical literacy educational messages, (ii) educational materials, (iii) an equipment pack, and (iv) two post-workshop booster emails. Surveys measured parents’ knowledge and confidence at baseline and follow-up. Application of PLAYshop concepts and implementation facilitators and barriers were explored with interviews of parents and workshop leaders. Repeated measures ANOVAs and thematic analyses were completed. Results Parents’ knowledge and confidence improved significantly over time; intervention group changes were significantly greater than control group changes (p < 0.001; ɳ2 = .32). Parents applied PLAYshop concepts at-home, including child-led play, making activities fun, and promoting child manipulative and locomotor skills. Time was a key parental implementation barrier. Program implementation issues varied by context (location and participants). Conclusions PLAYshop participation changed parents’ physical literacy knowledge and confidence and physical literacy enhancing play with their children. Implementation feasibility was high. The findings from this real-world trial highlight an efficacious and scalable intervention that warrants further testing. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04394312. Registered 19/05/2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13048-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Lane
- Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Van Vliet Complex, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Mette Kurtzhals
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital DK, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kayla Morton
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Van Vliet Complex, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, 8840 114 St., Van Vliet Complex, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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Saunders TJ, Rollo S, Kuzik N, Demchenko I, Bélanger S, Brisson-Boivin K, Carson V, da Costa BGG, Davis M, Hornby S, Huang WY, Law B, Ponti M, Markham C, Salmon J, Tomasone JR, Van Rooij AJ, Wachira LJ, Wijndaele K, Tremblay MS. International school-related sedentary behaviour recommendations for children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35382828 PMCID: PMC8979784 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing sedentary behaviour guidelines for children and youth target overall sedentary behaviour and recreational screen time, without any specific recommendations regarding school-related sedentary behaviours (i.e., sedentary behaviours performed during the school day, or within the influence of school). The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of international evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth, led by the Sedentary Behaviour Research Network (SBRN). METHODS A panel of international experts was convened by SBRN in November 2020 to guide the development of these recommendations for children and youth aged ~ 5-18 years. The recommendations were informed by 1) age-relevant existing sedentary behaviour guidelines, 2) published research on the relationship between overall sedentary behaviour and health, 3) a de novo systematic review on the relationship between school-related sedentary behaviours and health and/or academic outcomes, and 4) a de novo environmental scan of the grey literature to identify existing recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours. Draft recommendations were presented to the Expert Panel in June 2021. Following thorough discussion and modifications, updated recommendations were distributed for stakeholder feedback from July 9-26. Feedback was received from 148 stakeholders across 23 countries, leading to additional updates to the recommendations. Following further rounds of discussion and updates with the Expert Panel in August and September 2021, consensus was achieved on the final recommendations. RESULTS A healthy day includes breaking up extended periods of sedentary behaviour and incorporating different types of movement into homework whenever possible, while limiting sedentary homework. School-related screen time should be meaningful, mentally or physically active, and serve a specific pedagogical purpose that enhances learning. Replacing sedentary learning activities with movement-based learning activities, and replacing screen-based learning activities with non-screen-based learning activities, can further support students' health and wellbeing. DISCUSSION This paper presents the first evidence-based recommendations for school-related sedentary behaviours for children and youth. These recommendations will support the work of parents, caregivers, educators, school system administrators, policy makers, researchers and healthcare providers interested in promoting student health and academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada.
| | - Scott Rollo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Iryna Demchenko
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Stacey Bélanger
- Digital Health Task Force, Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bruno G G da Costa
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melanie Davis
- Physical and Health Education Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Hornby
- Pan-Canadian Joint Consortium for School Health Secretariat, Summerside, Canada
| | - Wendy Yajun Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Barbi Law
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Ponti
- Digital Health Task Force, Canadian Paediatric Society, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Chris Markham
- Ontario Physical and Health Education Association, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lucy-Joy Wachira
- Physical Education, Exercise and Sports Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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29
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Carson V, Zhang Z, Kuzik N, Adamo KB, Predy M, Crozier M, Hunter S, Ogden N, Goldfield GS, Okely AD. The impact of new government childcare accreditation standards on children's in-care physical activity and sedentary time. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:616. [PMID: 35351049 PMCID: PMC8966317 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new physical activity and sedentary behaviour accreditation standard criterion for childcare settings was introduced by the provincial government in Alberta, Canada. The primary objective of this study was to examine if changes for in-care physical activity and sedentary time (ST) differed between centres in and around Edmonton, Alberta after implementing the new accreditation standards and non-accredited control centres in and around Ottawa, Ontario. Secondary objectives were to examine whether baseline age group (toddler, preschooler) or the childcare environment moderated any group differences in change of the primary outcomes. Furthermore, accreditation and control group differences in change of children's body mass index (BMI) Z-scores or cognitive development as well as educators' perceptions of the primary outcomes were explored. METHODS Participants were 252 toddlers (19-35 months) and preschoolers (36-60 months) in childcare centres from Alberta (n = 11) and Ontario (n = 8) in the supporting Healthy physical AcTive CHildcare setting (HATCH) study. In-care ST, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were accelerometer-derived before and 6 months after the implementation of the new standards. At both time points, cognitive development (working memory, expressive vocabulary), heights, and weights were measured, and BMI Z-scores were calculated. Additionally, the childcare environment was observed using the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) and Movement Environment Rating Scale (MOVERS) tools. Demographic characteristics were parent-reported and weather variables were derived from Environment Canada data. Mixed models were conducted. RESULTS In adjusted models (n = 241), change in children's in-care ST (B = -0.07, 95%CI: - 1.43,1.29), LPA (B = 0.08, 95%CI: - 0.89,1.05), and log-transformed MVPA (B = 0.01, 95%CI: - 0.09,0.11) were not significantly different between accreditation and control groups. Age group and the childcare environment were not moderators. Significant increases in BMI Z-score (B = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.03,0.35) and high working memory (OR = 3.24, 95%CI: 1.32,7.97) were observed in the accreditation group and significant increases in expressive vocabulary (B = 3.18, 95%CI: 0.05,6.30) were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS The new accreditation criterion may not significantly change physical activity or ST in childcare settings and therefore may not explain findings for BMI Z-scores and cognitive development. Additional training and resources may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mitchell Crozier
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nancy Ogden
- Faculty of Arts, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Hesketh KD, Downing KL, Galland BC, Nicholson JM, Taylor R, Orellana L, Abdelrazek M, Koorts H, Brown V, Haines J, Campbell KJ, Barnett LM, Löf M, Moodie M, Carson V, Salmon J. Protocol for the Let's Grow randomised controlled trial: examining efficacy, cost-effectiveness and scalability of a m-Health intervention for movement behaviours in toddlers. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057521. [PMID: 35351726 PMCID: PMC8961153 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite being an important period for the development of movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep), few interventions commencing prior to preschool have been trialled. The primary aim of this trial is to assess the 12-month efficacy of the Let's Grow mHealth intervention, designed to improve the composition of movement behaviours in children from 2 years of age. Let's Grow is novel in considering composition of movement behaviours as the primary outcome, using non-linear dynamical approaches for intervention delivery, and incorporating planning for real-world implementation and scale-up from its inception. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised controlled trial will test the effects of the 12-month parental support mHealth intervention, Let's Grow, compared with a control group that will receive usual care plus electronic newsletters on unrelated topics for cohort retention. Let's Grow will be delivered via a purpose-designed mobile web application with linked SMS notifications. Intervention content includes general and movement-behaviour specific parenting advice and incorporates established behaviour change techniques. Intervention adherence will be monitored by app usage data. Data will be collected from participants using 24-hour monitoring of movement behaviours and parent report at baseline (T0), mid-intervention (T1; 6 months post baseline), at intervention conclusion (T2; 12 months post baseline) and 1-year post intervention (T3; 2 years post baseline). The trial aims to recruit 1100 families from across Australia during 2021. In addition to assessment of efficacy, an economic evaluation and prospective scalability evaluation will be conducted. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study was approved by the Deakin University Human Ethics Committee (2020-077). Study findings will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals, presentation at scientific and professional conferences, and via social and traditional media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12620001280998; U1111-1252-0599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jan M Nicholson
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachael Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Faculty of Health Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Abdelrazek
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harriet Koorts
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victoria Brown
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen J Campbell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M Barnett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie Löf
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marj Moodie
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Bruijns BA, Vanderloo LM, Johnson AM, Adamo KB, Burke SM, Carson V, Heydon R, Irwin JD, Naylor PJ, Timmons BW, Tucker P. Implementation of an e-Learning course in physical activity and sedentary behavior for pre- and in-service early childhood educators: Evaluation of the TEACH pilot study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:64. [PMID: 35300723 PMCID: PMC8927755 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01015-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childcare-based physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) interventions have traditionally used in-person training to supplement early childhood educators’ (ECEs) knowledge and confidence to facilitate physically active programming for the children in their care. However, this method of delivery is resource-intensive and unable to reach a high number of ECEs. The purpose of the Training pre-service EArly CHildhood educators in PA (TEACH) pilot study was to test the implementation (e.g., fidelity, feasibility, acceptability) of an e-Learning course targeting PA and SB among a sample of pre-service (i.e., post-secondary students) and in-service (i.e., practicing) ECEs in Canada. Methods A pre-/post-study design was adopted for this pilot study, and implementation outcomes were assessed cross-sectionally at post-intervention. Pre-service ECEs were purposefully recruited from three Canadian colleges and in-service ECEs were recruited via social media. Upon completing the e-Learning course, process evaluation surveys (n = 32 pre-service and 121 in-service ECEs) and interviews (n = 3 pre-service and 8 in-service ECEs) were completed to gather ECEs’ perspectives on the e-Learning course. Fidelity was measured via e-Learning course metrics retrieved from the web platform. Descriptive statistics were calculated for quantitative data, and thematic analysis was conducted to analyze qualitative data. Results Moderate-to-high fidelity to the TEACH study e-Learning course was exhibited by pre-service (68%) and in-service (63%) ECEs. Participants reported that the course was highly acceptable, compatible, effective, feasible, and appropriate in complexity; however, some ECEs experienced technical difficulties with the e-Learning platform and noted a longer than anticipated course duration. The most enjoyed content for pre- and in-service ECEs focused on outdoor play (87.5% and 91.7%, respectively) and risky play (84.4% and 88.4%, respectively). Conclusions These findings demonstrate the value of e-Learning for professional development interventions for ECEs. Participant feedback will be used to make improvements to the TEACH e-Learning course to improve scalability of this training. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01015-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianne A Bruijns
- Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Program, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada
| | - Andrew M Johnson
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shauna M Burke
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rachel Heydon
- Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer D Irwin
- School of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Brian W Timmons
- Child Health and Exercise Medicine Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, 1201 Western Road, Elborn College, Room 2547, London, ON, N6G 1H1, Canada. .,Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
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Bruijns BA, Vanderloo LM, Johnson AM, Adamo KB, Burke SM, Carson V, Heydon R, Irwin JD, Naylor PJ, Timmons BW, Tucker P. Change in pre- and in-service early childhood educators’ knowledge, self-efficacy, and intentions following an e-learning course in physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a pilot study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:244. [PMID: 35125100 PMCID: PMC8818368 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood educators (ECEs) are the primary daytime role models for many young children, and are responsible for facilitating physical activity (PA) opportunities and minimizing sedentary behaviour (SB) in childcare. However, they have reportedly received little related education in their pre-service training. The purpose of the Training pre-service EArly CHildhood educators in physical activity (TEACH) pilot study was to explore changes in pre- and in-service ECEs’ knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioural intention, and perceived behavioural control following the TEACH e-Learning course in PA and SB. Methods Pre-service ECEs were purposefully recruited from three Canadian colleges, while in-service ECEs were recruited via social media. A pre-post study design was used. ECEs completed two online surveys; one prior to, and one immediately following the completion of the TEACH e-Learning course (~ 5 h). Descriptive statistics were reported, and McNemar Chi-Square tests and paired samples t-tests were used to examine changes in ECEs’ question-specific, and total knowledge scores, respectively. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were employed to examine changes in self-efficacy, behavioural intention, and perceived behavioural control. Results Both pre- (n = 32) and in-service (n = 121) ECEs significantly increased their total knowledge scores from pre- to post-course completion (p < .05*). Significant positive changes in self-efficacy (p < .025*), behavioural intention (p < .007*), and perceived behavioural control (p < .007*) were demonstrated by in-service ECEs following course completion, while only select composite scores within these tools were significant among pre-service ECEs. Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence of the potential efficacy of the e-Learning course at improving ECEs’ knowledge, self-efficacy, behavioural intention, and perceived behavioural control to support PA and minimize SB in childcare. Following the success of the pilot study, testing the effectiveness of the TEACH e-Learning course on a larger scale, with a comparison group, is warranted prior to recommending broader dissemination of the training in pre-service ECE programs and for in-service ECE professional learning.
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Carson V, Zhang Z, Predy M, Pritchard L, Hesketh KD. Longitudinal associations between infant movement behaviours and development. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:10. [PMID: 35090492 PMCID: PMC8800227 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01248-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to address methodological limitations of the evidence that informed national and international movement behaviour guidelines for the early years. Specifically, the primary objective was to examine the longitudinal associations of infant physical activity (i.e., tummy time) and sedentary behaviour (i.e., back time, screen time, reading time, restrained time) with gross motor development. Secondary and tertiary objectives were to examine longitudinal associations of: (1) infant physical activity and sedentary behaviour with communication, fine motor, personal-social, and problem solving development, and (2) sleep time with primary and secondary outcomes. METHODS Participants were 411 parents and their infants from the Early Movers project in Edmonton, Canada. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and sleep were measured with a parental questionnaire and the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) developmental screening tool was administered at 2, 4, and 6 months. Parents reported the dates six major gross motor milestones (i.e., independent sitting, crawling, assisted standing, assisted walking, independent standing, independent walking) were acquired in the first 18 months of life according to World Health Organization criteria. In a subsample (n = 125), gross motor development was assessed using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) at 6 months. RESULTS Higher tummy time across time points was significantly associated with higher ASQ-3 gross motor and personal-social development scores over time, higher total AIMS scores at 6 months, and earlier acquisition of all gross motor milestones. Higher reading time across time points was significantly associated with higher ASQ-3 fine motor, gross motor, personal-social, and total development scores over time. In contrast, higher back time across time points was significantly associated with lower total AIMS scores at 6 months and the later acquisition of assisted standing, assisted walking, and independent walking. Similarly, higher restrained time across time points was significantly associated with a later acquisition of supported walking. CONCLUSIONS Tummy time was consistently longitudinally associated with more advanced gross motor development and reading with more advanced total development. Whereas, some detrimental associations were observed for back and restrained time. Findings support the promotion of tummy time and certain sedentary behaviours (i.e., reading) in young infants to enhance overall development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Lesley Pritchard
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
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Rollo S, Lang JJ, Roberts KC, Bang F, Carson V, Chaput JP, Colley RC, Janssen I, Tremblay MS. Health associations with meeting the Canadian 24-hour movement guidelines for adults: Results from the Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health Rep 2022; 33:16-26. [PMID: 35050558 DOI: 10.25318/82-003-x202200100002-eng] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults (18-64 years and 65 years or older) were launched in October 2020 and provide evidence-based recommendations for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep. The purpose of this study was to examine whether meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines overall, and different combinations of recommendations within the guidelines, was associated with health indicators in a representative sample of Canadian adults. DATA AND METHODS Participants were 8,297 adults aged 18 to 79 from cycles 1 to 3 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey. They were classified as meeting or not meeting each of the recommendations required for overall guideline adherence: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (150 minutes or more per week), sedentary behaviour (8 hours or less per day or 9 hours or less per day of sedentary time, including 3 hours or less per day of recreational screen time) and sleep duration (7 to 9 hours per day for adults 18 to 64 years old, 7 to 8 hours per day for adults aged 65 years or older). A combination of self-reported and device-based measures were used. Indicators of adiposity (n=2), aerobic fitness (n=1) and cardiometabolic health (n=7) were measured. RESULTS A total of 19.1% of the sample met none of the recommendations, 43.9% met one of them, 29.8% met two and 7.1% met all three. Compared with meeting no recommendations, meeting one, two and all three recommendations was associated with better health for one, six and seven health indicators, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared with adults meeting two or fewer recommendations, those who met all three recommendations had more favourable body mass index; waist circumference; aerobic fitness scores; and triglyceride, insulin, C-reactive protein and serum glucose levels (p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION These findings provide support for the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and show that less than 1 in 10 Canadian adults are meeting all three of the healthy movement behaviour guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rollo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Karen C Roberts
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Felix Bang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON
| | | | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, and Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON.,Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON
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Hunter S, Leatherdale ST, Spence JC, Carson V. Perceived relevance of neighborhood features for encouraging preschoolers’ active play, parents’ active recreation, and parent–child coactivity. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement 2022. [DOI: 10.1037/cbs0000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Burns KE, Chaurasia A, Carson V, Leatherdale ST. Examining if changes in gender-specific and co-ed intramural programs affect youth physical activity over time: a natural experiment evaluation using school- and student-level data from the COMPASS study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2045. [PMID: 34749703 PMCID: PMC8576936 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA), the majority of Canadian youth are falling short of the recommended 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day. School-based physical activity programs such as intramurals, are important opportunities for youth to be physically active. There is limited evidence available on the impact of gender-specific (e.g., female-only, male-only) and co-ed intramurals on youth PA over time, however, evidence suggests female-only intramurals may be important for female MVPA. This research aims to capitalize on a natural experiment to generate practice-based evidence on the impact of changes in gender-specific and co-ed intramurals on youth MVPA over time. METHODS This study used linked longitudinal school- and student-level data from Ontario secondary schools in year 5 (Y5:2016-2017), year 6 (Y6: 2017-2018) and year 7 (Y7: 2018-2019) of the COMPASS study. Data on intramurals from 55 schools were used to determine the changes to gender-specific and co-ed intramurals that occurred from Y5 to Y6. Baseline demographic characteristics were measured and data on PA and sport participation were collected in Y5, Y6 and Y7 on a sample of 4417 students. Hierarchical linear mixed regression models were used to estimate how changes in gender-specific and co-ed intramurals were associated with youth MVPA over time. RESULTS Participation in intramural, varsity and community sport were all positively and significantly associated with youth MVPA. Changes in gender-specific and co-ed intramurals were not significantly associated with youth MVPA in Y6 or Y7. However, the positive association between maintaining the addition of gender-specific intramurals on female MVPA in Y7 was on par with the significance level of α = 0.05, suggesting that adding gender-specific intramurals may be important for female MVPA. CONCLUSIONS Adding gender-specific and co-ed intramurals may not be sufficient strategies to increase PA among youth. Further research should explore the effect of gender-specific intramurals on youth PA, as this study may have been underpowered at the school-level. Gender-specific intramurals may promote a supportive PA environment that promotes MVPA, especially among females. These intramurals may be an important component of more comprehensive strategies to increase youth MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Burns
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, TJB 2324, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Ashok Chaurasia
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, TJB 2324, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, TJB 2324, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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Carson V, Predy M, Hunter S, Storey K, Farmer AP, McIsaac JL, Flynn J. An Environmental Scan of Existing Canadian Childcare Resources Targeting Improvements in Health Behaviours. Early Child Educ J 2021; 50:1417-1428. [PMID: 36339969 PMCID: PMC9622543 DOI: 10.1007/s10643-021-01266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The objective was to conduct an environmental scan of existing Canadian childcare resources targeting nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep. A comprehensive search plan was conducted that involved four search strategies: (1) grey literature databases, (2) customized Google search engines, (3) targeted websites, and (4) consultation with content experts. A resource (i.e., information, materials) must have been created by government or an organization/agency within Canada, available in English, intended for childcare educators or directors working with children ≤ 5 years of age, and focused on targeting improvements in nutrition, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and/or sleep. The quality of each included resource was assessed using a modified version of the Authority, Accuracy, Coverage, Objectivity, Date, Significance checklist. A total of 192 eligible resources were included. Most resources targeted only nutrition (n = 101) or physical activity (n = 60), and few resources targeted only sedentary behaviour (n = 2) or sleep (n = 1). The remaining 28 resources targeted more than one health behaviour. The 4 most common topics of resources were menu/meal planning (n = 55), healthy nutrition practices/environment (n = 37), physical activities/games (n = 33), and nutrition/food literacy (n = 20). Only 52 included resources cited evidence. One-third of the included resources (n = 64) were rated as high quality, including 55 that received a point for the significance criterion. Therefore, numerous high quality Canadian childcare resources exist for nutrition and physical activity. Future resource development is needed for sedentary behaviour and sleep. Findings can assist future intervention work and the database of resources can be utilized by relevant stakeholders to support other childcare initiatives. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10643-021-01266-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Kate Storey
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Anna P. Farmer
- Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Jessie-Lee McIsaac
- Department of Child and Youth Study, Faculty of Education, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS Canada
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Jarvis JW, Berry TR, Carson V, Rhodes RE, Lithopoulos A, Latimer-Cheung AE. Examining differences in parents' perceptions of children's physical activity versus screen time guidelines and behaviours. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1448-1453. [PMID: 33890709 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Most Canadian and Australian children do not meet Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) or Screen Time Guidelines (STG). Regarding the social issue advertising believability model (SIABM), parental support for these behaviours may depend upon how believable parents find guideline messages. The aim of the study was to examine differences in parents' SIABM variables and perceived behavioural control for PAG and STG messages. METHODS Data were collected online; 499 Canadian parents with at least one child aged 5-11 years (75.6% mothers) participated. Differences in model variables were analysed using analyses of variance. RESULTS Parents demonstrated greater issue involvement, attitudes towards the issue, parental support attitudes and perceived behavioural control for the PAG compared to the STG (d > 0.10). Mothers believed the messages more and had more favourable attitudes towards the issues as compared to fathers (d > 0.21). CONCLUSIONS Parents' evaluations of PAG messages and corresponding supportive behaviours were generally more positive than STG. Future messages should emphasise supportive behaviours for screen time reduction that are feasible and enjoyable for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn W Jarvis
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanya R Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander Lithopoulos
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Saunders TJ, McIsaac T, Douillette K, Gaulton N, Hunter S, Rhodes RE, Prince SA, Carson V, Chaput JP, Chastin S, Giangregorio L, Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Kho ME, Poitras VJ, Powell KE, Ross R, Ross-White A, Tremblay MS, Healy GN. Sedentary behaviour and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 45:S197-S217. [PMID: 33054341 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this overview of systematic reviews was to determine the relationship between different types and patterns of sedentary behaviour and selected health outcomes in adults and older adults. Five electronic databases were last searched in May, 2019, with a 10-year search limit. Included reviews met the a priori population (community-dwelling adults aged 18 years and older), intervention/exposure/comparator (various types and/or patterns of sedentary behaviour), and outcomes criteria. Eighteen systematic reviews were included in the evidence synthesis. High levels of sedentary behaviour are unfavourably associated with cognitive function, depression, function and disability, physical activity levels, and physical health-related quality of life in adults. Reducing or breaking up sedentary behaviour may benefit body composition and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Total sedentary behaviour and TV viewing were most consistently associated with unfavourable health outcomes, while computer and Internet use may be favourably associated with cognitive function for older adults. The quality of evidence within individual reviews (as assessed by review authors) varied from low to high, while the certainty of evidence was low to very low. These findings have important public health implications, suggesting that adults should avoid high levels of sedentary behaviour and break-up periods of prolonged sitting. (PROSPERO registration nos.: CRD42019123121 and CRD42019127157.) Novelty High levels of sedentary behaviour are unfavourably associated with important health outcomes in adults. Reducing or breaking up sedentary behaviour may benefit body composition and markers of cardiometabolic risk. Computer and Internet use may be favourably associated with cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Travis McIsaac
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Kevin Douillette
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nick Gaulton
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical & Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Prince
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON K1Y 4W7, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science, Institute for Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK.,Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lora Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Michelle E Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Genevieve N Healy
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herson, QLD 4006, Australia
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Janssen I, Clarke AE, Carson V, Chaput JP, Giangregorio LM, Kho ME, Poitras VJ, Ross R, Saunders TJ, Ross-White A, Chastin SFM. A systematic review of compositional data analysis studies examining associations between sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity with health outcomes in adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 45:S248-S257. [PMID: 33054342 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review determined if the composition of time spent in movement behaviours (i.e., sleep, sedentary behaviour (SED), light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) is associated with health in adults. Five electronic databases were searched in August 2019. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed, examined community-dwelling adults, and used compositional data analysis to examine the associations between the composition of time spent in movement behaviours and health outcomes. Eight studies (7 cross-sectional, 1 prospective cohort) of >12 000 unique participants were included. Findings indicated that the 24-h movement behaviour composition was associated with all-cause mortality (1 of 1 analyses), adiposity (4 of 4 analyses), and cardiometabolic biomarkers (8 of 15 analyses). Reallocating time into MVPA from other movement behaviours was associated with favourable changes to most health outcomes and taking time out of SED and reallocating it into other movement behaviours was associated with favourable changes to all-cause mortality. The quality of evidence was very low for all health outcomes. In conclusion, these findings support the notion that the composition of movement across the entire 24-h day matters, and that recommendations for sleep, SED, and physical activity should be combined into a single public health guideline. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019121641.) Novelty The 24-h movement behaviour composition is associated with a variety of health outcomes. Reallocating time into MVPA is favourably associated with health. Reallocating time out of SED is associated with favourable changes to mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anna E Clarke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Lora M Giangregorio
- Department of Kinesiology and Schlegel-UW Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michelle E Kho
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 1C7, Canada
| | | | - Robert Ross
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Travis J Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | | | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonia University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, Scotland.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium, Ghent
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Clarke AE, Carson V, Chaput JP, Colley RC, Roberts KC, Rollo S, Tremblay MS, Janssen I. Meeting Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guideline recommendations and risk of all-cause mortality. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1487-1494. [PMID: 34265226 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study determined if meeting the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines recommendations are associated with all-cause mortality. Participants were 3,471 adults from the 2005-2006 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey followed for mortality over 11 years. They were classified as meeting or not meeting recommendations for sleep duration, sedentary behaviour, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A total of 63.8%, 35.3%, and 41.5% of participants met recommendations for sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity while 12.3% met all three recommendations. The hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in participants meeting the recommendations relative to those not meeting the recommendations were 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) for sleep, 0.92 (0.61, 1.40) for sedentary behavior, and 0.42 (0.24, 0.74) for MVPA. The HR for meeting none, any one, any two, and all three recommendations were 1.00, 0.86 (0.65, 1.14), 0.49 (0.28, 0.86), and 0.72 (0.34, 1.50). When the cut-point used to denote acceptable sedentary time was changed from ≤8 to ≤10 hours/day, the HR for meeting none, any one, any two, and all three recommendations were 1.00, 0.83 (0.59, 1.15), 0.57 (0.34, 0.96), and 0.43 (0.20, 0.93). These findings provide some support for the ability of the 24-hour movement guidelines to predict mortality risk. NOVELTY - The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines provide recommendations for sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity. - The findings of this study provide some support of the ability of these new guidelines to predict mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Clarke
- Queen's University, 4257, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6;
| | - Valerie Carson
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, 8840 - 114 Street, University Hall, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2H9;
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- CHEO Research Institute, Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L1;
| | - Rachel C Colley
- Statistics Canada, Health Analysis Division, R.H. Coats Building (24N), 100 Tunney's Pasture Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, X9X 9X9;
| | - Karen C Roberts
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 41687, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Scott Rollo
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, 27338, Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Childrens Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Ian Janssen
- Queen's University, Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's University, Department of Public Health Sciences, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;
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Carson V, Kuzik N. The association between parent-child technology interference and cognitive and social-emotional development in preschool-aged children. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:477-483. [PMID: 33629767 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased adoption and dependence of electronic devices have potential implications on parent-child relationships, including parental responsiveness. Few studies have examined the association between parent-child technology interference and developmental outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between parent-child technology interference and cognitive and social-emotional development in preschool-aged children (3-5 years). METHODS Participants were 100 parents and their preschool-aged child from Edmonton, Canada. Parent-child technology interference across six different devices (i.e., cell phone/smartphone, tablet, iPod, television, computer and video game console) was parental reported using an adapted version of the Technology Device Interference Scale, and a total score was calculated. Cognitive development was objectively measured using three iPad-based tasks from the Early Years Toolbox to capture executive functions (i.e., working memory and response inhibition) and language development (i.e., expressive vocabulary). Social-emotional development was parental reported using the Child Self-Regulation and Social Behaviour Questionnaire, and seven subscales (i.e., sociability, externalizing, internalizing, prosocial and behavioural, cognitive, and emotional self-regulation) were calculated. Multiple linear regression models that adjusted for several potential confounders were conducted. RESULTS The mean total parent-child technology interference score was 4.2 units, which equates to approximately 12-16 interruptions per day due to an electronic device. Approximately 60% of the score was due to interference by a cell phone/smartphone. After removing influential cases based on Cook's distance values, higher parent-child technology interference was significantly associated with lower response inhibition (B = -0.015, 95% CI: -0.028, -0.002) and emotional self-regulation (B = -0.095, 95% CI: -0.163, -0.028) scores and higher log externalizing (B = 0.033, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.063) and log internalizing (B = 0.034, 95% CI: 0.013, 0.056) scores. CONCLUSIONS Electronic devices, in particular the cell phone/smartphone, appear to interrupt parents' conversations and activities with their preschool-aged child multiple times per day. Higher parent-child technology interference may be adversely associated with several subdomains of early childhood development. Future longitudinal and experimental research is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Lane C, Carson V, Morton K, Reno K, Wright C, Predy M, Naylor PJ. A real-world feasibility study of the PLAYshop: a brief intervention to facilitate parent engagement in developing their child's physical literacy. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:113. [PMID: 34039447 PMCID: PMC8152299 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of physical literacy, defined as “the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding to value and take responsibility for engagement in physical activities for life,” can support children’s physically active behaviors and consequent health benefits. Little research has explored interventions to improve children’s physical literacy, although substantive evidence shows parents play a key role in children’s physically active behaviors and development of fundamental movement skills. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of a novel, physical literacy program (the PLAYshop) designed to build parents’ self-efficacy to support their child’s physical literacy. Methods A non-randomized, one-arm concurrent nested design was used. Thirty-five parents of young children (3–8 years of age) attended a 75-min workshop inclusive of interactive activities, educational messages, and the provision of resources focused on core physical literacy concepts. Pre- and post-workshop surveys used quantitative measures to assess parents’ satisfaction, knowledge, confidence, and intention to adopt practices. Follow-up interviews qualitatively explored the implementation experiences of both parents and facilitators. Paired t tests and thematic analysis were undertaken. Results Of the 33 eligible parents, 23 completed both pre- and post-workshop surveys. Follow-up interviews were completed with 11 parents and four workshop facilitators. Parents’ self-reported knowledge and confidence to support their child’s physical literacy development significantly increased after PLAYshop participation. The majority of parents were satisfied with the workshop and motivated to apply learnings at home with their child. Workshop facilitators identified seven workshop strengths (e.g., workshop champions and skilled facilitators) and four challenges (e.g., recruitment and unfavorable spaces). Limitations include the lack of control group and recruitment challenges. Conclusions The PLAYshop was perceived positively by parents and facilitators and appeared to improve parent self-efficacy and intention to promote physical literacy with their child. Recruitment and attendance were key implementation challenges. The findings from this real-world study support the preliminary feasibility of the PLAYshop intervention and highlight areas to improve the intervention and recruitment prior to efficacy testing in a more rigorous trial format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Lane
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter New England Population Health, Hunter New England Area Health Service, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kayla Morton
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Mackinnon 120, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Kendra Reno
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Mackinnon 120, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Chris Wright
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Mackinnon 120, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Pacific Institute for Sport Excellence, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patti-Jean Naylor
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Mackinnon 120, PO Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Lee EY, Song YK, Hunter S, Jeon J, Kuzik N, Predy M, Carson V. Levels and correlates of physical activity and screen time among early years children (2-5 years): Cross-cultural comparisons between Canadian and South Korean data. Child Care Health Dev 2021; 47:377-386. [PMID: 33463740 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-cultural research can provide insight into whether levels and correlates of movement behaviours among early years children vary across different cultural contexts. This study (1) compared children's physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) and parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST between samples of Canadian and South Korean (Korean thereafter) early years children (2-5 years) and (2) investigated parental and environmental correlates of PA and ST and whether country moderates the relationships. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 121 Canadian children (3.4 years; 49.6% girls) and 101 Korean children (3.4 years; 54.9% girls) who participated in the Parents' Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits (PREPS) study were used. Demographic information, children's PA, ST, PA- or ST-specific parental cognitions and behaviours, and home and neighbourhood environments were measured using a proxy-reported questionnaire. Two-tailed independent samples T test or Mann Whitney U test, chi-square tests, linear regression and moderation analyses were performed. RESULTS Canadian children spent more time in non-organized PA compared to Korean children (111 vs. 63 min/day), whereas time spent in organized PA was higher in Korean children than Canadian children (25 vs. 9 min/day). Canadian children had more ST than Korean children (159 vs. 110 min/day). Similarly, Canadian parents reported higher screen (142 vs. 116 min/day) and sitting time (317 vs. 286 min/day) than Korean parents. Though children's behaviours, as well as parental cognitions and behaviours, varied between the two samples, similar correlates of children's PA and ST were observed. The relationship between presence of electronics in children's bedrooms and children's ST was moderated by country, with Canadian children showing a stronger relationship than Korean children. CONCLUSIONS Supporting parents to adopt cognitions and behaviours that are conducive to healthy PA and ST patterns of their own and their early years children may be important for both Canada and Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoon-Kyung Song
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Justin Jeon
- Department of Sport Industry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Burns KE, Chaurasia A, Carson V, Leatherdale ST. A quasi-experimental examination of how changes in school-level intramurals are associated with physical activity among a sample of Canadian secondary school students from the COMPASS study. SSM Popul Health 2021; 14:100805. [PMID: 33997250 PMCID: PMC8105658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Intramurals in schools may encourage physical activity among youth. Schools are continuously making changes to these intramurals, yet it is not well understood how these changes impact youth physical activity. The main objective of this research was to examine if changes in the number of intramurals were associated with youth physical activity over time with a secondary objective to explore the association between sport participation and physical activity among youth over time. Methods This study used three years of linked longitudinal school- and student-level data from Ontario schools in year 5 (Y5: 2016–2017), year 6 (Y6: 2017–2018) and year 7 (Y7: 2018–2019) of the COMPASS study. Data on intramurals from 55 schools were collected from the School Programs and Policies questionnaire to determine intramural changes that were made from Y5 to Y6. Using the COMPASS Student Questionnaire, baseline demographics were collected and data on physical activity and sport participation were measured at Y5, Y6 and Y7 on 4417 students. Hierarchical linear mixed regression models were used to estimate how changes in intramurals were associated with youth physical activity over time. Results Changes in school-specific intramurals were not significantly associated with physical activity over time. Intramural, varsity and community sport participation were all positively and significantly associated with youth physical activity among female and males. Conclusions Intramural, varsity and community sport participation are important opportunities for youth physical activity. Schools should offer a variety of intramural and varsity sports to encourage physical activity. Although adding intramurals may not be effective at increasing youth physical activity, they may be effective when used in combination with other strategies to increase physical activity. The use of an indicator variable in multi-level modeling is a novel method to evaluate a natural experiment. Intramural, varsity and community sport participation were positively associated with youth physical activity. Intramural changes were not associated with youth physical activity over time. Intramurals may be a useful part of a more comprehensive approach to increasing youth physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Burns
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Ashok Chaurasia
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, And Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Scott T Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Zhang Z, Adamo KB, Ogden N, Goldfield GS, Okely AD, Kuzik N, Crozier M, Hunter S, Predy M, Carson V. Associations between sleep duration, adiposity indicators, and cognitive development in young children. Sleep Med 2021; 82:54-60. [PMID: 33894492 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations between sleep duration, adiposity indicators, and cognitive development in young children. METHODS Participants were 217 children aged 19-60 months in Canada in the supporting Healthy physical AcTive Childcare setting (HATCH) study. Nap duration and nighttime sleep duration were assessed using a parent questionnaire and were summed up as total sleep duration. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores and weight status were determined using the World Health Organization growth standards. Expressive vocabulary and working memory were assessed using the Early Years Toolbox in preschoolers only (36-60 months; n = 101). Mixed models (BMI z-score, expressive vocabulary) and generalized mixed models (weight status, working memory) were conducted. RESULTS A linear association between total sleep duration and BMI z-score (B = -0.12; 95% CI: -0.23, -0.01) were observed. Compared to children having nighttime sleep within ±1SD (9.13-11.13 h/d) of the mean, those having shorter nighttime sleep had higher BMI z-scores (B = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.73) and an increased risk of being overweight (OR = 4.54; 95% CI: 1.39, 14.81). Nap duration was not associated with adiposity indicators. In preschoolers, sleep duration was not associated with expressive vocabulary. Total sleep duration and nap duration were not associated with working memory. However, non-nappers were more likely to have greater working memory (OR = 4.04; 95% CI: 1.09, 14.92) compared to those having nap duration within ±1SD (0.46-2.18 h/d) of the mean. CONCLUSION Promoting longer total sleep, including more than nine hours of nighttime sleep, appears important for maintaining healthy adiposity levels in young children. Cessation of napping may be associated with better working memory in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Zhang
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nancy Ogden
- Faculty of Arts, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gary S Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mitchell Crozier
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Madison Predy
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Lee EY, Bains A, Hunter S, Ament A, Brazo-Sayavera J, Carson V, Hakimi S, Huang WY, Janssen I, Lee M, Lim H, Silva DAS, Tremblay MS. Systematic review of the correlates of outdoor play and time among children aged 3-12 years. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:41. [PMID: 33736668 PMCID: PMC7972019 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the myriad of benefits of children's outdoor play and time, there is increasing concern over its decline. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the correlates of outdoor play and outdoor time among children aged 3-12 years. METHODS A total of 12 electronic databases in five different languages (Chinese, English, Korean, Spanish, Portuguese) were searched between October 28, 2019 and July 27, 2020. Covidence software was used for screening and Microsoft Excel with a predesigned coding form was used for data extraction. Evidence was synthesized and correlates were categorized using the socioecological model framework. RESULTS Based on 107 studies representing 188,498 participants and 422 childcare centers from 29 countries, 85 studies examined potential correlates of outdoor play while 23 studies examined that of outdoor time (one examined both). The duration of outdoor play and outdoor time ranged between 60 and 165 min/d and 42-240 min/d, respectively. Out of 287 (outdoor play) and 61 (outdoor time) potential correlates examined, 111 correlates for outdoor play and 33 correlates for outdoor time were identified as significant correlates. Thirty-three variables were identified as key/common correlates of outdoor play/time, including eight correlates at the individual level (e.g., sex/gender, race/ethnicity, physical activity), 10 correlates at the parental level (e.g., parental attitude/support/behavior, parenting practice), nine at the microsystem level (e.g., proximal home/social environment such as residence type, peer influence), three at the macrosystem/community level (e.g., availability of space children can play), and three at the physical ecology/pressure for macrosystem change level (e.g., seasonality, rurality). No key correlates were found at the institutional level. CONCLUSIONS Individual, parental, and proximal physical (home) and social environments appear to play a role in children's outdoor play and time. Ecological factors (i.e., seasonality, rurality) also appear to be related to outdoor play/time. Evidence was either inconsistent or lacking at institutional and macrosystem/community levels. Standardizing terminology and measures of outdoor play/time is warranted. Future work should investigate the interactions and processes of multiple variables across different levels of socioecological modelling to better understand the mechanisms through which outdoor play/time opportunities can be optimized for children while paying special attention to varying conditions in which children are born, live, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- Department of Gender Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Ajaypal Bains
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Stephen Hunter
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Alyssa Ament
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | | | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shawn Hakimi
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Wendy Y. Huang
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
- Department of Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Mikyung Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Heejun Lim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON Canada
| | | | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Lifestyle and Obesity (HALO) research group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Leatherdale ST, Burns KE, Qian W, Faulkner G, Carson V. Evaluating the Impact of the Healthy Kids Community Challenge (HKCC) on Physical Activity of Older Youth. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18063083. [PMID: 33802728 PMCID: PMC8002468 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The Healthy Kids Community Challenge (HKCC) was a community-based obesity prevention intervention funded by the Government of Ontario (Canada). (2) Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used to examine the impact of the HKCC on physical activity (PA) outcomes using both repeat cross-sectional (T1 2014-2015, n = 31,548; T2 2015-2016, n = 31,457; and T3 2016-2017, n = 30,454) and longitudinal data (n = 3906) from the COMPASS study. Grade 9-12 students in HKCC communities were placed into one of three intervention groups [T2 data collection post-HKCC finishing (IG1), T2 data collection during HKCC (IG2), and T2 data collection pre-HKCC starting (IG3)], Ontario students in non-HKCC communities were Control Group 1 (CG1) and Alberta students were Control Group 2 (CG2). (3) Results: Repeat cross-sectional results show over time the HKCC had no significant impact on PA outcomes in any of the intervention groups. Longitudinal results show a significant decrease in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (IG2: -3.15 min/day) between T1 and T3 in IG2. (4) Conclusions: These results suggest the HKCC did not have an impact on improving PA outcomes among older youth in HKCC communities. Moving forward, there is a need to provide effective and sustainable interventions to promote PA among older youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (K.E.B.); (W.Q.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-888-4567 (ext. 47812)
| | - Kathleen E. Burns
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (K.E.B.); (W.Q.)
| | - Wei Qian
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (K.E.B.); (W.Q.)
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
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Burns KE, Chaurasia A, Carson V, Leatherdale ST. Examining If Changes in the Type of School-Based Intramural Programs Affect Youth Physical Activity over Time: A Natural Experiment Evaluation. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18052752. [PMID: 33803119 PMCID: PMC7967481 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) School-based physical activity programs such as intramurals provide youth with inclusive opportunities to be physically active, yet we know little about how types of intramurals (e.g., team and individual sports) may contribute to youth MVPA. This research aims to evaluate how real-world changes in types of intramurals available in schools impact youth physical activity over time. (2) This study used three years of longitudinal school- and student-level data from Ontario schools participating in year 5 (2016–2017), year 6 (2017–2018) and year 7 (2018–2019) of the COMPASS study. Data on types of intramural programs from 55 schools were obtained, baseline demographic characteristics were measured and data on physical activity and sport participation were collected on a sample of 4417 students. Hierarchical linear mixed regression models were used to estimate how changes in the type of intramurals associate with youth MVPA over time. (3) Regardless of participation, adding individual and team intramurals was significantly and positively associated with female MVPA in Y6. (4) The indirect, but positive relationship between adding individual and team intramurals and female MVPA may be explained by other characteristics of the school environment that are conducive to female MVPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Burns
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.); (S.T.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashok Chaurasia
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.); (S.T.L.)
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Scott T. Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (A.C.); (S.T.L.)
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Kuzik N, Spence JC, Carson V. Machine learning sleep duration classification in Preschoolers using waist-worn ActiGraphs. Sleep Med 2021; 78:141-148. [PMID: 33429290 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create a sleep duration classification technique for waist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers in preschool-aged children. METHODS Children wore ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers on their right hip for 7 days (24 h/day). Ground truth nap, sleep, and wake were estimated through visual inspection of accelerometer data, guided by sleep log-sheets and previously published visual inspection heuristics. Raw accelerometer data (30Hz) were used to generate 144 features aggregated to 1-min epochs. Machine learning classification (ie, Random Forest and Hidden Markov Modeling [HMM]) predicted nap, sleep, and wake. A simplified prediction formula was also created using features (n = 10) with the highest mean decrease in Gini index during training of Random Forests, and temporally smoothed with rolling median calculations. RESULTS Children (n = 89, mean age = 4.5 years, 67% boys) contributed >600,000 min of accelerometer data. Overall classification accuracy of the Random Forest and HMM classifier was 96.2% (95%CI: 96.1, 96.2%), with a Kappa score of 0.93. Additionally, overall classification accuracy for the temporally smoothed simplified formula was 93.7% (95%CI: 93.6, 93.7%) with Kappa = 0.87. Nap prediction accuracy was 99.8% for the final machine learning model, and 86.1% for the simplified formula. For participant-level daily summaries, generally small but statistically significant differences were found between machine learning and ground truth behaviour predictions, whereas non-significant differences were found between the simplified formulas and ground truth predictions. CONCLUSIONS Predictions for both machine learning and the simplified formula had almost perfect agreement with visual inspection ground truth measurements. Future research is needed to confirm these findings using polysomnography ground truth sleep measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Kuzik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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