1
|
Engler S, Buchner J. The evolution and diversification of the Hsp90 co-chaperone system. Biol Chem 2025:hsz-2025-0112. [PMID: 40261701 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2025-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2025] [Accepted: 04/11/2025] [Indexed: 04/24/2025]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is the central element of a chaperone machinery in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells that is characterized by a large number of structurally and functionally different co-chaperones that influence the core chaperone component in different ways and increase its influence on the proteome. From yeast to humans, the number of Hsp90 co-chaperones has increased from 14 to over 40, and new co-chaperones are still being discovered. While Hsp90 itself has only undergone limited changes in structure and mechanism from yeast to humans, its increased importance and contribution to different processes in humans is based on the evolution and expansion of the cohort of co-chaperones. In this review, we provide an overview of Hsp90 co-chaperones, focusing on their roles in regulating Hsp90 function and their evolution from yeast to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Engler
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 8, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Department Bioscience, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Strasse 8, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Amissah HA, Antwi MH, Amissah TA, Combs SE, Shevtsov M. More than Just Protein Folding: The Epichaperome, Mastermind of the Cancer Cell. Cells 2025; 14:204. [PMID: 39936995 PMCID: PMC11817126 DOI: 10.3390/cells14030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2025] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
The epichaperome, a dynamic and integrated network of chaperone proteins, extends its roles beyond basic protein folding to protein stabilization and intracellular signal transduction to orchestrating a multitude of cellular processes critical for tumor survival. In this review, we explore the multifaceted roles of the epichaperome, delving into its diverse cellular locations, factors that modulate its formation and function, its liquid-liquid phase separation, and the key signaling and crosstalk pathways it regulates, including cellular metabolism and intracellular signal transduction. We further highlight techniques for isolating and identifying epichaperome networks, pitfalls, and opportunities. Further, we review the profound implications of the epichaperome for cancer treatment and therapy design, underscoring the need for strategic engineering that hinges on a comprehensive insight into the comprehensive structure and workings of the epichaperome across the heterogeneous cell subpopulations in the tumor milieu. By presenting a holistic view of the epichaperome's functions and mechanisms, we aim to underscore its potential as a key target for novel anti-cancer strategies, revealing that the epichaperome is not merely a piece of protein folding machinery but a mastermind that facilitates the malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneef Ahmed Amissah
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biology and Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690922, Russia;
- Diagnostics Laboratory Department, Trauma and Specialist Hospital, Winneba CE-122-2486, Central Region, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Hubert Antwi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua EN-112-3991, Eastern Region, Ghana; (M.H.A.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Tawfeek Ahmed Amissah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Koforidua Technical University, Koforidua EN-112-3991, Eastern Region, Ghana; (M.H.A.); (T.A.A.)
| | - Stephanie E. Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technische Universität München (TUM), Klinikum Rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Saint Petersburg 194064, Russia
- Personalized Medicine Centre, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint Petersburg 197341, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Amoah DP, Hussein SK, Johnson JL, LaPointe P. Ordered ATP hydrolysis in the Hsp90 chaperone is regulated by Aha1 and a conserved post-translational modification. Protein Sci 2025; 34:e5255. [PMID: 39665290 PMCID: PMC11635476 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
Hsp90 is a dimeric molecular chaperone that is important for the folding, stabilization, activation, and maturation of hundreds of protein substrates called "clients" in cells. Dozens of co-chaperones and hundreds of post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate the ATP-dependent client activation cycle. The Aha1 co-chaperone is the most potent stimulator of the ATPase cycle of Hsp90 and phosphorylation of threonine 22 in Hsp90 can regulate the recruitment of Aha1 in cells. We report here that phosphorylation of threonine 22 regulates specific aspects of Aha1 function after recruitment occurs. The phosphomimetic substitution, T22E, neutralizes the action of the Aha1 NxNNWHW motif. Moreover, this substitution can exert this effect from only one protomer of the Hsp90 dimer. This work sheds light on how asymmetric modifications in the Hsp90 dimer can functionalize individual protomers and fine-tune the Hsp90 cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Prah Amoah
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Solomon K. Hussein
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Jill L. Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Reproductive BiologyUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdahoUSA
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aguilar-Rodríguez J, Jakobson CM, Jarosz DF. The Hsp90 Molecular Chaperone as a Global Modifier of the Genotype-Phenotype-Fitness Map: An Evolutionary Perspective. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168846. [PMID: 39481633 PMCID: PMC11608137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2024] [Revised: 10/24/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024]
Abstract
Global modifier genes influence the mapping of genotypes onto phenotypes and fitness through their epistatic interactions with genetic variants on a massive scale. The first such factor to be identified, Hsp90, is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays a central role in protein homeostasis. Hsp90 is a "hub of hubs" that chaperones proteins engaged in many key cellular and developmental regulatory networks. These clients, which are enriched in kinases, transcription factors, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, drive diverse cellular functions and are themselves highly connected. By contrast to many other hub proteins, the abundance and activity of Hsp90 changes substantially in response to shifting environmental conditions. As a result, Hsp90 modifies the functional impact of many genetic variants simultaneously in a manner that depends on environmental stress. Studies in diverse organisms suggest that this coupling between Hsp90 function and challenging environments exerts a substantial impact on what parts of the genome are visible to natural selection, expanding adaptive opportunities when most needed. In this Perspective, we explore the multifaceted role of Hsp90 as global modifier of the genotype-phenotype-fitness map as well as its implications for evolution in nature and the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Aguilar-Rodríguez
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M Jakobson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel F Jarosz
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huo Y, Karnawat R, Liu L, Knieß RA, Groß M, Chen X, Mayer MP. Modification of Regulatory Tyrosine Residues Biases Human Hsp90α in its Interactions with Cochaperones and Clients. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168772. [PMID: 39222679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The highly conserved Hsp90 chaperones control stability and activity of many essential signaling and regulatory proteins including many protein kinases, E3 ligases and transcription factors. Thereby, Hsp90s couple cellular homeostasis of the proteome to cell fate decisions. High-throughput mass spectrometry revealed 178 and 169 posttranslational modifications (PTMs) for human cytosolic Hsp90α and Hsp90β, but for only a few of the modifications the physiological consequences are investigated in some detail. In this study, we explored the suitability of the yeast model system for the identification of key regulatory residues in human Hsp90α. Replacement of three tyrosine residues known to be phosphorylated by phosphomimetic glutamate and by non-phosphorylatable phenylalanine individually and in combination influenced yeast growth and the maturation of 7 different Hsp90 clients in distinct ways. Furthermore, wild-type and mutant Hsp90 differed in their ability to stabilize known clients when expressed in HepG2 HSP90AA1-/- cells. The purified mutant proteins differed in their interaction with the cochaperones Aha1, Cdc37, Hop and p23 and in their support of the maturation of glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain in vitro. In vivo and in vitro data correspond well to each other confirming that the yeast system is suitable for the identification of key regulatory sites in human Hsp90s. Our findings indicate that even closely related clients are affected differently by the amino acid replacements in the investigated positions, suggesting that PTMs could bias Hsp90s client specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuantao Huo
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rishabh Karnawat
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lixia Liu
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Avenue North 1838, Tonghe, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Robert A Knieß
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maike Groß
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Avenue North 1838, Tonghe, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roychowdhury T, McNutt SW, Pasala C, Nguyen HT, Thornton DT, Sharma S, Botticelli L, Digwal CS, Joshi S, Yang N, Panchal P, Chakrabarty S, Bay S, Markov V, Kwong C, Lisanti J, Chung SY, Ginsberg SD, Yan P, De Stanchina E, Corben A, Modi S, Alpaugh ML, Colombo G, Erdjument-Bromage H, Neubert TA, Chalkley RJ, Baker PR, Burlingame AL, Rodina A, Chiosis G, Chu F. Phosphorylation-driven epichaperome assembly is a regulator of cellular adaptability and proliferation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8912. [PMID: 39414766 PMCID: PMC11484706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-53178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate network of protein-chaperone interactions is crucial for maintaining cellular function. Recent discoveries have unveiled the existence of specialized chaperone assemblies, known as epichaperomes, which serve as scaffolding platforms that orchestrate the reconfiguration of protein-protein interaction networks, thereby enhancing cellular adaptability and proliferation. This study explores the structural and regulatory aspects of epichaperomes, with a particular focus on the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in their formation and function. A key finding is the identification of specific PTMs on HSP90, particularly at residues Ser226 and Ser255 within an intrinsically disordered region, as critical determinants of epichaperome assembly. Our data demonstrate that phosphorylation of these serine residues enhances HSP90's interactions with other chaperones and co-chaperones, creating a microenvironment conducive to epichaperome formation. Moreover, we establish a direct link between epichaperome function and cellular physiology, particularly in contexts where robust proliferation and adaptive behavior are essential, such as in cancer and pluripotent stem cell maintenance. These findings not only provide mechanistic insights but also hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting chaperone assemblies in diseases characterized by epichaperome dysregulation, thereby bridging the gap between fundamental research and precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanaya Roychowdhury
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seth W McNutt
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Chiranjeevi Pasala
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Daniel T Thornton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luke Botticelli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suhasini Joshi
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Souparna Chakrabarty
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sadik Bay
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Markov
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charlene Kwong
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeanine Lisanti
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sun Young Chung
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen D Ginsberg
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience & Physiology & the NYU Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa De Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Shanu Modi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary L Alpaugh
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | | | - Hediye Erdjument-Bromage
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas A Neubert
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Chalkley
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peter R Baker
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumors, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Feixia Chu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular & Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Q, Yan L, Zhang L, Yu J, Han Z, Liu H, Gu J, Wang K, Wang J, Chen F, Zhao R, Yan Y, Jiang C, You Q, Wang L. Allosteric Activation of Protein Phosphatase 5 with Small Molecules. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15080-15097. [PMID: 39145509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The activation of PP5 is essential for a variety of cellular processes, as it participates in a variety of biological pathways by dephosphorylating substrates. However, activation of PP5 by small molecules has been a challenge due to its native "self-inhibition" mechanism, which is controlled by the N-terminal TPR domain and the C-terminal αJ helix. Here, we reported the discovery of DDO-3733, a well-identified TPR-independent PP5 allosteric activator, which facilitates the dephosphorylation process of downstream substrates. Considering the negative regulatory effect of PP5 on heat shock transcription factor HSF1, pharmacologic activation of PP5 by DDO-3733 was found to reduce the HSP90 inhibitor-induced heat shock response. These results provide a chemical tool to advance the exploration of PP5 as a potential therapeutic target and highlight the value of pharmacological activation of PP5 to reduce heat shock toxicity of HSP90 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Zhang
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lixiao Zhang
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zeyu Han
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinying Gu
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Keran Wang
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fangsu Chen
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rongde Zhao
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Jiangsu State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hussein SK, Bhat R, Overduin M, LaPointe P. Recruitment of Ahsa1 to Hsp90 is regulated by a conserved peptide that inhibits ATPase stimulation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3532-3546. [PMID: 38937628 PMCID: PMC11316058 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that acts on its clients through an ATP-dependent and conformationally dynamic functional cycle. The cochaperone Accelerator of Hsp90 ATPase, or Ahsa1, is the most potent stimulator of Hsp90 ATPase activity. Ahsa1 stimulates the rate of Hsp90 ATPase activity through a conserved motif, NxNNWHW. Metazoan Ahsa1, but not yeast, possesses an additional 20 amino acid peptide preceding the NxNNWHW motif that we have called the intrinsic chaperone domain (ICD). The ICD of Ahsa1 diminishes Hsp90 ATPase stimulation by interfering with the function of the NxNNWHW motif. Furthermore, the NxNNWHW modulates Hsp90's apparent affinity to Ahsa1 and ATP. Lastly, the ICD controls the regulated recruitment of Hsp90 in cells and its deletion results in the loss of interaction with Hsp90 and the glucocorticoid receptor. This work provides clues to how Ahsa1 conserved regions modulate Hsp90 kinetics and how they may be coupled to client folding status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K Hussein
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Rakesh Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Michael Overduin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rani K, Gotmare A, Maier A, Menghal R, Akhtar N, Fangaria N, Buchner J, Bhattacharyya S. Identification of a chaperone-code responsible for Rad51-mediated genome repair. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107342. [PMID: 38705392 PMCID: PMC11154708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications of Hsp90 are known to regulate its in vivo chaperone functions. Here, we demonstrate that the lysine acetylation-deacetylation dynamics of Hsp82 is a major determinant in DNA repair mediated by Rad51. We uncover that the deacetylated lysine 27 in Hsp82 dictates the formation of the Hsp82-Aha1-Rad51 complex, which is crucial for client maturation. Intriguingly, Aha1-Rad51 complex formation is not dependent on Hsp82 or its acetylation status; implying that Aha1-Rad51 association precedes the interaction with Hsp82. The DNA damage sensitivity of Hsp82 (K27Q/K27R) mutants are epistatic to the loss of the (de)acetylase hda1Δ; reinforcing the importance of the reversible acetylation of Hsp82 at the K27 position. These findings underscore the significance of the cross talk between a specific Hsp82 chaperone modification code and the cognate cochaperones in a client-specific manner. Given the pivotal role that Rad51 plays during DNA repair in eukaryotes and particularly in cancer cells, targeting the Hda1-Hsp90 axis could be explored as a new therapeutic approach against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Rani
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Akanksha Gotmare
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Andreas Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Ruchira Menghal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nashat Akhtar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nupur Fangaria
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Sunanda Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buchner J, Alasady MJ, Backe SJ, Blagg BSJ, Carpenter RL, Colombo G, Gelis I, Gewirth DT, Gierasch LM, Houry WA, Johnson JL, Kang BH, Kao AW, LaPointe P, Mattoo S, McClellan AJ, Neckers LM, Prodromou C, Rasola A, Sager RA, Theodoraki MA, Truman AW, Truttman MC, Zachara NE, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M, Woodford MR. Second international symposium on the chaperone code, 2023. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:88-96. [PMID: 38316354 PMCID: PMC10939070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Buchner
- Department of Bioscience, Technical University of Munich, D85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Milad J Alasady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Epigenetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Warren Family Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA; Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ioannis Gelis
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Daniel T Gewirth
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Lila M Gierasch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA; Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Walid A Houry
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jill L Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Reproductive Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA
| | - Byoung Heon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institutes of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Aimee W Kao
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Seema Mattoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amie J McClellan
- Division of Science and Mathematics, Bennington College, Bennington, VT, 05201, USA
| | - Leonard M Neckers
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Andrea Rasola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | | | - Andrew W Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Matthias C Truttman
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiosis G, Digwal CS, Trepel JB, Neckers L. Structural and functional complexity of HSP90 in cellular homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:797-815. [PMID: 37524848 PMCID: PMC10592246 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a chaperone with vital roles in regulating proteostasis, long recognized for its function in protein folding and maturation. A view is emerging that identifies HSP90 not as one protein that is structurally and functionally homogeneous but, rather, as a protein that is shaped by its environment. In this Review, we discuss evidence of multiple structural forms of HSP90 in health and disease, including homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers, also termed epichaperomes, and examine the impact of stress, post-translational modifications and co-chaperones on their formation. We describe how these variations influence context-dependent functions of HSP90 as well as its interaction with other chaperones, co-chaperones and proteins, and how this structural complexity of HSP90 impacts and is impacted by its interaction with small molecule modulators. We close by discussing recent developments regarding the use of HSP90 inhibitors in cancer and how our new appreciation of the structural and functional heterogeneity of HSP90 invites a re-evaluation of how we discover and implement HSP90 therapeutics for disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Backe SJ, Mollapour M, Woodford MR. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a tool for deciphering Hsp90 molecular chaperone function. Essays Biochem 2023; 67:781-795. [PMID: 36912239 PMCID: PMC10497724 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20220224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Yeast is a valuable model organism for their ease of genetic manipulation, rapid growth rate, and relative similarity to higher eukaryotes. Historically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has played a major role in discovering the function of complex proteins and pathways that are important for human health and disease. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone responsible for the stabilization and activation of hundreds of integral members of the cellular signaling network. Much important structural and functional work, including many seminal discoveries in Hsp90 biology are the direct result of work carried out in S. cerevisiae. Here, we have provided a brief overview of the S. cerevisiae model system and described how this eukaryotic model organism has been successfully applied to the study of Hsp90 chaperone function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| | - Mark R. Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou L, Yao N, Yang L, Liu K, Qiao Y, Huang C, Du R, Yeung YT, Liu W, Cheng D, Dong Z, Li X. DUSP4 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression by dephosphorylating HSP90β. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112445. [PMID: 37141098 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular and pathogenic mechanisms of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) development are still unclear, which hinders the development of effective treatments. In this study, we report that DUSP4 is highly expressed in human ESCC and is negatively correlated with patient prognosis. Knockdown of DUSP4 suppresses cell proliferation and patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-derived organoid (PDXO) growth and inhibits cell-derived xenograft (CDX) development. Mechanistically, DUSP4 directly binds to heat shock protein isoform β (HSP90β) and promotes the ATPase activity of HSP90β by dephosphorylating HSP90β on T214 and Y216. These dephosphorylation sites are critical for the stability of JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling and p-STAT3 (Y705) nucleus translocation. In vivo, Dusp4 knockout in mice significantly inhibits 4-nitrochinoline-oxide-induced esophageal tumorigenesis. Moreover, DUSP4 lentivirus or treatment with HSP90β inhibitor (NVP-BEP800) significantly impedes PDX tumor growth and inactivates the JAK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway. These data provide insight into the role of the DUSP4-HSP90β-JAK1/2-STAT3 axis in ESCC progression and describe a strategy for ESCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liting Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ning Yao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Chuntian Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Ruijuan Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Zhang Zhongjing Formulae and Herbs for Immunoregulation, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China
| | - Yiu To Yeung
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China; China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China; The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou 450000, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Zhang Q, Tu J, You Q, Wang L. Dual function of protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C): An emerging therapeutic target for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115350. [PMID: 37054560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of proteins is reversibly controlled by the kinases and phosphatases in many posttranslational regulation patterns. Protein phosphatase 5 (PPP5C) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase showing dual function by simultaneously exerting dephosphorylation and co-chaperone functions. Due to this special role, PPP5C was found to participate in many signal transductions related to various diseases. Abnormal expression of PPP5C results in cancers, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease, making it a potential drug target. However, the design of small molecules targeting PPP5C is struggling due to its special monomeric enzyme form and low basal activity by a self-inhibition mechanism. Through realizing the PPP5C's dual function as phosphatase and co-chaperone, more and more small molecules were found to regulate PPP5C with a different mechanism. This review aims to provide insights into PPP5C's dual function from structure to function, which could provide efficient design strategies for small molecules targeting PPP5C as therapeutic candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lu H, Li W, Whiteway M, Wang H, Zhu S, Ji Z, Feng Y, Yan L, Fang T, Li L, Ni T, Zhang X, Lv Q, Ding Z, Qiu L, Zhang D, Jiang Y. A Small Molecule Inhibitor of Erg251 Makes Fluconazole Fungicidal by Inhibiting the Synthesis of the 14α-Methylsterols. mBio 2023; 14:e0263922. [PMID: 36475771 PMCID: PMC9973333 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02639-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluconazole (FLC) is widely used to prevent and treat invasive fungal infections. However, FLC is a fungistatic agent, allowing clinical FLC-susceptible isolates to tolerate FLC. Making FLC fungicidal in combination with adjuvants is a promising strategy to avoid FLC resistance and eliminate the persistence and recurrence of fungal infections. Here, we identify a new small molecule compound, CZ66, that can make FLC fungicidal. The mechanism of action of CZ66 is targeting the C-4 sterol methyl oxidase, encoded by the ERG251 gene, resulting in decreased content of sterols with the 14α-methyl group and ultimately eliminating FLC tolerance of Candida albicans. CZ66 most likely interacts with Erg251 through residues Glu195, Gly206, and Arg241. Establishing Erg251 as a synergistic lethal target protein of FLC should direct research to identify specific small molecule inhibitors of 14α-methylsterol synthesis and open the way to abolishing fungal FLC tolerance. IMPORTANCE Fluconazole (FLC) tolerance increases the frequency of acquired FLC resistance, and a high FLC tolerance level is associated with persistent candidemia. Multiple functional proteins, such as calcineurin, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), and ADP ribosylation factor, are essential for the survival of C. albicans exposed to FLC, but how these factors increase the fungicidal activity of FLC remains to be determined. In this study, we found that 14α-methylsterols replace ergosterol to allow C. albicans to survive FLC, but Erg251 inactivated by CZ66 results in loss of 14α-methylsterol synthesis and cell death of C. albicans treated with FLC. Establishing Erg251 as a synergistic lethal target protein of FLC should direct research to identify specific small molecule inhibitors of 14α-methylsterol synthesis and open the way to abolishing fungal FLC tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Malcolm Whiteway
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hongkang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuo Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanru Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingjunhong Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanzhen Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zichao Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samant RS, Batista S, Larance M, Ozer B, Milton CI, Bludau I, Wu E, Biggins L, Andrews S, Hervieu A, Johnston HE, Al-Lazikhani B, Lamond AI, Clarke PA, Workman P. Native Size-Exclusion Chromatography-Based Mass Spectrometry Reveals New Components of the Early Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibition Response Among Limited Global Changes. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100485. [PMID: 36549590 PMCID: PMC9898794 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) works in concert with co-chaperones to stabilize its client proteins, which include multiple drivers of oncogenesis and malignant progression. Pharmacologic inhibitors of HSP90 have been observed to exert a wide range of effects on the proteome, including depletion of client proteins, induction of heat shock proteins, dissociation of co-chaperones from HSP90, disruption of client protein signaling networks, and recruitment of the protein ubiquitylation and degradation machinery-suggesting widespread remodeling of cellular protein complexes. However, proteomics studies to date have focused on inhibitor-induced changes in total protein levels, often overlooking protein complex alterations. Here, we use size-exclusion chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry (SEC-MS) to characterize the early changes in native protein complexes following treatment with the HSP90 inhibitor tanespimycin (17-AAG) for 8 h in the HT29 colon adenocarcinoma cell line. After confirming the signature cellular response to HSP90 inhibition (e.g., induction of heat shock proteins, decreased total levels of client proteins), we were surprised to find only modest perturbations to the global distribution of protein elution profiles in inhibitor-treated HT29 cells at this relatively early time-point. Similarly, co-chaperones that co-eluted with HSP90 displayed no clear difference between control and treated conditions. However, two distinct analysis strategies identified multiple inhibitor-induced changes, including known and unknown components of the HSP90-dependent proteome. We validate two of these-the actin-binding protein Anillin and the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 complex-as novel HSP90 inhibitor-modulated proteins. We present this dataset as a resource for the HSP90, proteostasis, and cancer communities (https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/shiny/HSP90/SEC-MS/), laying the groundwork for future mechanistic and therapeutic studies related to HSP90 pharmacology. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033459.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul S Samant
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Silvia Batista
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Larance
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Bugra Ozer
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher I Milton
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabell Bludau
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Estelle Wu
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Biggins
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexia Hervieu
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harvey E Johnston
- Signalling Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Bissan Al-Lazikhani
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Clarke
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang M, Yan Q, Luo Y, Wang B, Deng S, Luo H, Ye B, Wang X. Molecular mechanism of Ganji Fang in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental verification technology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1016967. [PMID: 36744264 PMCID: PMC9892186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1016967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor harmful to human health. Ganji Fang (GJF) has good clinical efficacy in the treatment of HCC, but its mechanism is still unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of GJF in the treatment of HCC through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Methods: A series of network pharmacology methods were used to identify the potential targets and key pathways of GJF in the treatment of HCC. Then, molecular docking technology was used to explore the binding ability of key active ingredients and targets in GJF. Multiple external databases were used to validate the key targets. In in vitro experiments, we performed MTT assays, wound-healing assays, cell cycle assays, apoptosis assays and RT‒qPCR to verify the inhibitory effect of GJF on the Human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells. Result: A total of 162 bioactive components and 826 protein targets of GJF were screened, and 611 potential targets of HCC were identified. Finally, 63 possible targets of GJF acting on HCC were obtained. KEGG enrichment analyses showed that the top five pathways were the cell cycle, cellular senescence, p53 signaling pathway, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. Among them, we verified the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CCNE1, PKN1, CCND2, CDK4, EPHA2, FGFR3, CDK6, CDK2 and HSP90AAI were enriched in the PI3K/Akt pathway. The molecular docking results showed that the docking scores of eight active components of GJF with the two targets were all less than -5.0, indicating that they had certain binding activity. In vitro cell experiments showed that GJF could inhibit the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells, block the cell cycle and induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells, which may be related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In summary, EPHA2 may be an important target of GJF in HCC, and pachymic acid may be an important critical active compound of GJF that exerts anticancer activity. Conclusion: In general, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the molecular mechanism of GJF in HCC may involve induction of G0/G1 phase cycle arrest through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and promote apoptosis of hepatoma cell lines. This study provides a scientific basis for the subsequent clinical application of GJF and the in-depth study of its mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaolun Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuehua Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boqing Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicong Deng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyan Luo
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqian Ye
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongwen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiongwen Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang P, Zhang P, Deng Y, Liao Y, Guo X, Sun M, Yin L, Liu R. Comprehensive proteomic and phosphoproteomic reveal that Microcystin-LR contributed to the malignant progression of gastric cancer by estrogenic potency. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120744. [PMID: 36436660 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The widespread cyanotoxins in drinking water pose a threat to public health induced by Microcystins (MCs). MC-LR, a predominant toxic form of MCs, has been found to play critical roles in cancer progression. The role of MC-LR in hepatocarcinogenesis has attracted extensive attention. However, as a critical digestive organ, the precise mechanism of MC-LR-induced gastric cancer is still unclear. We found that 100 nM MC-LR promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, and anti-apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells. Quantitative proteome and phosphoproteome analysis identified differential expression patterns and aberrant pathways of SGC-7901 cells exposed to MC-LR. The results indicated that 48,109 unique peptides from 6320 proteins and 1375 phosphoproteins with 3473 phosphorylation sites were detected after 24 h treatment of MC-LR. Proteome and phosphoproteome conjoint analysis indicated estrogen signaling pathway might play an essential step in MC-LR-treated molecular events. The mechanism underlying these changes may involve MC-LR excessively activating the estrogen signaling pathway by reducing Hsp90 phosphorylation, which results in nucleus translocation of activated ERα and Krt16 overexpression in gastric cells. In general, our results indicate multiple crucial signals triggered by MC-LR, among which MC-LR may promote the development of gastric cancer by exerting estrogenic potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yali Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yinghao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sager RA, Backe SJ, Neckers L, Woodford MR, Mollapour M. Detecting Posttranslational Modifications of Hsp90 Isoforms. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2693:125-139. [PMID: 37540432 PMCID: PMC10518168 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3342-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is essential in eukaryotes. Hsp90 chaperones proteins that are important determinants of multistep carcinogenesis. There are multiple Hsp90 isoforms including the cytosolic Hsp90α and Hsp90β as well as GRP94 located in the endoplasmic reticulum and TRAP1 in the mitochondria. The chaperone function of Hsp90 is linked to its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP. Co-chaperones and posttranslational modifications (such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination) are important for Hsp90 stability and regulation of its ATPase activity. Both mammalian and yeast cells can be used to express and purify Hsp90 and TRAP1 and also detect post-translational modifications by immunoblotting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Backe SJ, Woodford MR, Ahanin E, Sager RA, Bourboulia D, Mollapour M. Impact of Co-chaperones and Posttranslational Modifications Toward Hsp90 Drug Sensitivity. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:319-350. [PMID: 36520312 PMCID: PMC10077965 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate myriad cellular processes by modulating protein function and protein-protein interaction. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone whose activity is responsible for the stabilization and maturation of more than 300 client proteins. Hsp90 is a substrate for numerous PTMs, which have diverse effects on Hsp90 function. Interestingly, many Hsp90 clients are enzymes that catalyze PTM, demonstrating one of the several modes of regulation of Hsp90 activity. Approximately 25 co-chaperone regulatory proteins of Hsp90 impact structural rearrangements, ATP hydrolysis, and client interaction, representing a second layer of influence on Hsp90 activity. A growing body of literature has also established that PTM of these co-chaperones fine-tune their activity toward Hsp90; however, many of the identified PTMs remain uncharacterized. Given the critical role of Hsp90 in supporting signaling in cancer, clinical evaluation of Hsp90 inhibitors is an area of great interest. Interestingly, differential PTM and co-chaperone interaction have been shown to impact Hsp90 binding to its inhibitors. Therefore, understanding these layers of Hsp90 regulation will provide a more complete understanding of the chaperone code, facilitating the development of new biomarkers and combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elham Ahanin
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dimitra Bourboulia
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Somogyvári M, Khatatneh S, Sőti C. Hsp90: From Cellular to Organismal Proteostasis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162479. [PMID: 36010556 PMCID: PMC9406713 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Assuring a healthy proteome is indispensable for survival and organismal health. Proteome disbalance and the loss of the proteostasis buffer are hallmarks of various diseases. The essential molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a regulator of the heat shock response via HSF1 and a stabilizer of a plethora of signaling proteins. In this review, we summarize the role of Hsp90 in the cellular and organismal regulation of proteome maintenance.
Collapse
|
22
|
Verkhivker GM. Conformational Dynamics and Mechanisms of Client Protein Integration into the Hsp90 Chaperone Controlled by Allosteric Interactions of Regulatory Switches: Perturbation-Based Network Approach for Mutational Profiling of the Hsp90 Binding and Allostery. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:5421-5442. [PMID: 35853093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the allosteric mechanisms of the Hsp90 chaperone interactions with cochaperones and client protein clientele is fundamental to dissect activation and regulation of many proteins. In this work, atomistic simulations are combined with perturbation-based approaches and dynamic network modeling for a comparative mutational profiling of the Hsp90 binding and allosteric interaction networks in the three Hsp90 maturation complexes with FKBP51 and P23 cochaperones and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) client. The conformational dynamics signatures of the Hsp90 complexes and dynamics fluctuation analysis revealed how the intrinsic plasticity of the Hsp90 dimer can be modulated by cochaperones and client proteins to stabilize the closed dimer state required at the maturation stage of the ATPase cycle. In silico deep mutational scanning of the protein residues characterized the hot spots of protein stability and binding affinity in the Hsp90 complexes, showing that binding hot spots may often coincide with the regulatory centers that modulate dynamic allostery in the Hsp90 dimer. We introduce a perturbation-based network approach for mutational scanning of allosteric residue potentials and characterize allosteric switch clusters that control mechanism of cochaperone-dependent client recognition and remodeling by the Hsp90 chaperone. The results revealed a conserved network of allosteric switches in the Hsp90 complexes that allow cochaperones and GR protein to become integrated into the Hsp90 system by anchoring to the conformational switch points in the functional Hsp90 regions. This study suggests that the Hsp90 binding and allostery may operate under a regulatory mechanism in which activation or repression of the Hsp90 activity can be pre-encoded in the allosterically regulated Hsp90 dimer motions. By binding directly to the conformational switch centers on the Hsp90, cochaperones and interacting proteins can efficiently modulate the allosteric interactions and long-range communications required for client remodeling and activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gennady M Verkhivker
- Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
- Depatment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Exploring Mechanisms of Allosteric Regulation and Communication Switching in the Multiprotein Regulatory Complexes of the Hsp90 Chaperone with Cochaperones and Client Proteins : Atomistic Insights from Integrative Biophysical Modeling and Network Analysis of Conformational Landscapes. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
24
|
A Novel Hypoxic-Angiogenesis-Immune-Related Gene Model for Prognostic and Therapeutic Effect Prediction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9428660. [PMID: 35069936 PMCID: PMC8769836 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9428660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most heterogeneous malignant tumors that have been discovered so far, which makes the prognostic prediction difficult. The hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunity-related genes (HAIRGs) are closely related to the development of liver cancer. However, the prognostic and treatment effect of hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunity-related genes in HCC continues to be further clarified. Methods The gene expression quantification data and clinical information in patients with liver cancer were downloaded from the TCGA database, and HAIRG signature was built by using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) technique. Patient from the ICGC database validated the model. Then, tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was applied to estimate the clinical response to immunotherapy and the sensitivity of drugs was evaluated by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Result The HAIRGs were identified between the HCC patients and normal patients in the TCGA database. In univariate Cox regression analysis, seventeen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with overall survival (OS). An eight HAIRG signature model was constructed and was used to divide the patients into two groups according to the median value of the risk score base on the TCGA dataset. Patients in the high-risk group had a significant reduction in OS compared to those in the low-risk group (P < 0.001 in the TCGA, P < 0.001 in the ICGC). For TCGA and ICGC databases of univariate Cox regression analyses, the risk score was used as an independent predictor of OS (HR > 1, P < 0.001). Functional analysis showed that the relevant immune pathways and immune responses were enriched, cellular component analysis showed that the immunoglobulin complex and other related substances were enriched, and immune status existed a difference in the high- and low-risk groups. Then, the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm presented differences in immune response in the high- and low-risk groups (P < 0.05), and based on drug sensitivity prediction, patients in the high-risk group were more sensitive to cisplatin compared to those in the low-risk group in both the TCGA and ICGC cohorts (P < 0.05). Conclusions HAIRG signature can be utilized for prognostic prediction in HCC, while it can be considered a prediction model for clinical evaluation of immunotherapy response and chemotherapy sensitivity in HCC.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mühlhofer M, Peters C, Kriehuber T, Kreuzeder M, Kazman P, Rodina N, Reif B, Haslbeck M, Weinkauf S, Buchner J. Phosphorylation activates the yeast small heat shock protein Hsp26 by weakening domain contacts in the oligomer ensemble. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6697. [PMID: 34795272 PMCID: PMC8602628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27036-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp26 is a small heat shock protein (sHsp) from S. cerevisiae. Its chaperone activity is activated by oligomer dissociation at heat shock temperatures. Hsp26 contains 9 phosphorylation sites in different structural elements. Our analysis of phospho-mimetic mutations shows that phosphorylation activates Hsp26 at permissive temperatures. The cryo-EM structure of the Hsp26 40mer revealed contacts between the conserved core domain of Hsp26 and the so-called thermosensor domain in the N-terminal part of the protein, which are targeted by phosphorylation. Furthermore, several phosphorylation sites in the C-terminal extension, which link subunits within the oligomer, are sensitive to the introduction of negative charges. In all cases, the intrinsic inhibition of chaperone activity is relieved and the N-terminal domain becomes accessible for substrate protein binding. The weakening of domain interactions within and between subunits by phosphorylation to activate the chaperone activity in response to proteotoxic stresses independent of heat stress could be a general regulation principle of sHsps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mühlhofer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Carsten Peters
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Kriehuber
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany ,grid.420061.10000 0001 2171 7500Present Address: Boehringer Ingelheim, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397 Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Marina Kreuzeder
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany ,grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XPresent Address: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Biozentrum Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pamina Kazman
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany ,grid.424277.0Present Address: Roche Diagnostics, Nonnenwald 2, 82377 Penzberg, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodina
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966BNMRZ, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 2, 85747 Garching, Germany ,Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Reif
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966BNMRZ, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 2, 85747 Garching, Germany ,Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sevil Weinkauf
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Protein Assemblies, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 8, 85747, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Targeting Chaperone/Co-Chaperone Interactions with Small Molecules: A Novel Approach to Tackle Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102596. [PMID: 34685574 PMCID: PMC8534281 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysfunction of the proteostasis network is a molecular hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Molecular chaperones are a major component of the proteostasis network and maintain cellular homeostasis by folding client proteins, assisting with intracellular transport, and interfering with protein aggregation or degradation. Heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) and 90 kDa (Hsp90) are two of the most important chaperones whose functions are dependent on ATP hydrolysis and collaboration with their co-chaperones. Numerous studies implicate Hsp70, Hsp90, and their co-chaperones in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting the specific protein–protein interactions between chaperones and their particular partner co-chaperones with small molecules provides an opportunity to specifically modulate Hsp70 or Hsp90 function for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the roles of co-chaperones in Hsp70 or Hsp90 chaperone cycles, the impacts of co-chaperones in neurodegenerative diseases, and the development of small molecules modulating chaperone/co-chaperone interactions. We also provide a future perspective of drug development targeting chaperone/co-chaperone interactions for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alaalm L, Crunden JL, Butcher M, Obst U, Whealy R, Williamson CE, O'Brien HE, Schaffitzel C, Ramage G, Spencer J, Diezmann S. Identification and Phenotypic Characterization of Hsp90 Phosphorylation Sites That Modulate Virulence Traits in the Major Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:637836. [PMID: 34513723 PMCID: PMC8431828 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.637836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved, ubiquitous molecular chaperone Hsp90 is a key regulator of cellular proteostasis and environmental stress responses. In human pathogenic fungi, which kill more than 1.6 million patients each year worldwide, Hsp90 governs cellular morphogenesis, drug resistance, and virulence. Yet, our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing fungal Hsp90 function remains sparse. Post-translational modifications are powerful components of nature’s toolbox to regulate protein abundance and function. Phosphorylation in particular is critical in many cellular signaling pathways and errant phosphorylation can have dire consequences for the cell. In the case of Hsp90, phosphorylation affects its stability and governs its interactions with co-chaperones and clients. Thereby modulating the cell’s ability to cope with environmental stress. Candida albicans, one of the leading human fungal pathogens, causes ~750,000 life-threatening invasive infections worldwide with unacceptably high mortality rates. Yet, it remains unknown if and how Hsp90 phosphorylation affects C. albicans virulence traits. Here, we show that phosphorylation of Hsp90 is critical for expression of virulence traits. We combined proteomics, molecular evolution analyses and structural modeling with molecular biology to characterize the role of Hsp90 phosphorylation in this non-model pathogen. We demonstrated that phosphorylation negatively affects key virulence traits, such as the thermal stress response, morphogenesis, and drug susceptibility. Our results provide the first record of a specific Hsp90 phosphorylation site acting as modulator of fungal virulence. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 could prove valuable in future exploitations as antifungal drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leenah Alaalm
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L Crunden
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Butcher
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ulrike Obst
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ryann Whealy
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Heath E O'Brien
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gordon Ramage
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - James Spencer
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Diezmann
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li W, Shrivastava M, Lu H, Jiang Y. Calcium-calcineurin signaling pathway in Candida albicans: A potential drug target. Microbiol Res 2021; 249:126786. [PMID: 33989979 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Increased morbidity and mortality of candidiasis are a notable threat to the immunocompromised patients. At present, the types of drugs available to treat C. albicans infection are relatively limited. Moreover, the emergence of antifungal drug resistance of C. albicans makes the treatment of C. albicans infection more difficult. The calcium-calcineurin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the survival and pathogenicity of C. albicans and may act as a potential target against C. albicans. In this review, we summarized functions of the calcium-calcineurin signaling pathway in several biological processes, compared the differences of this signaling pathway between C. albicans and humans, and described anti-C. albicans activity of inhibitors of this signaling pathway. We believe that targeting the calcium-calcineurin signaling pathway is a promising strategy to cope with C. albicans infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Hui Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuanying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Exploring Small Heat Shock Proteins (sHSPs) for Targeting Drug Resistance in Candida albicans and other Pathogenic Fungi. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have predominantly increased worldwide that leads to morbidity and mortality in severe cases. Invasive candidiasis and other pathogenic fungal infections are a major problem in immunocompromised individuals and post-operative patients. Increasing resistance to existing antifungal drugs calls for the identification of novel antifungal drug targets for chemotherapeutic interventions. This demand for identification and characterization of novel drug targets leads to the development of effective antifungal therapy against drug resistant fungi. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important for various biological processes like protein folding, posttranslational modifications, transcription, translation, and protein aggregation. HSPs are involved in maintaining homeostasis of the cell. A subgroup of HSPs is small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), which functions as cellular chaperones. They are having a significant role in the many cellular functions like development, cytoskeletal organization, apoptosis, membrane lipid polymorphism, differentiation, autophagy, in infection recognition and are major players in various stresses like osmotic stress, pH stress, etc. Studies have shown that fungal cells express increased levels of sHSPs upon antifungal drug induced stress responses. Here we review the important role of small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) in fungal diseases and their potential as antifungal targets.
Collapse
|
30
|
Víglaš J, Olejníková P. Signalling mechanisms involved in stress response to antifungal drugs. Res Microbiol 2020; 172:103786. [PMID: 33038529 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antifungal resistance is a serious threat in the treatment of mycoses. The primary susceptible fungal cells may evolve a resistance after longer exposure to antifungal agents. The exposure itself causes stress condition, to which the fungus needs to adapt. This review provides detailed description of evolutionary conserved molecular mechanisms contributing to the adaptation response to stress caused by antifungal agents as well as their interconnection. The knowledge may help us to find new ways to delay the emergence of drug resistance as the same mechanisms are used regardless of what antifungal compound causes stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Víglaš
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Petra Olejníková
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Single Site Phosphorylation on Hsp82 Ensures Cell Survival during Starvation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5809-5824. [PMID: 32920053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unicellular organisms live under diverse stressful conditions and must respond and adapt quickly to these stresses. When these stresses persist, cells favor a transition to quiescence. There are changes to many processes when cells begin their entry into quiescence. It has been reported that Hsp82 plays an important role in several such processes, and its distribution and activity change according to nutrient conditions. In this study, we found that the subcellular distribution of Hsp82 is regulated by its co-chaperone Ppt1. Under starvation conditions, Ppt1 expression was significantly reduced by a TOR-independent pathway. Furthermore, we found that Ppt1 regulates Hsp82 distribution in the cytoplasm and nucleus by dephosphorylating the S485 residue on Hsp82. The Hsp82S485A strain has impaired membrane-related protein transport, and its cell size did not become larger in quiescence compared to log phase, resulting in failure to survive during starvation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang L, Xu X, Jiang Z, You Q. Modulation of protein fate decision by small molecules: targeting molecular chaperone machinery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1904-1925. [PMID: 33163343 PMCID: PMC7606112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of protein fate decision and protein homeostasis plays a significant role in altering the protein level, which acts as an orientation to develop drugs with new mechanisms. The molecular chaperones exert significant biological functions on modulation of protein fate decision and protein homeostasis under constantly changing environmental conditions through extensive protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with their client proteins. With the help of molecular chaperone machinery, the processes of protein folding, trafficking, quality control and degradation of client proteins could be arranged properly. The core members of molecular chaperones, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) family and their co-chaperones, are emerging as potential drug targets since they are involved in numerous disease conditions. Development of small molecule modulators targeting not only chaperones themselves but also the PPIs among chaperones, co-chaperones and clients is attracting more and more attention. These modulators are widely used as chemical tools to study chaperone networks as well as potential drug candidates for a broader set of diseases. Here, we reviewed the key checkpoints of molecular chaperone machinery HSPs as well as their co-chaperones to discuss the small molecules targeting on them for modulation of protein fate decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Astl L, Stetz G, Verkhivker GM. Dissecting Molecular Principles of the Hsp90 Chaperone Regulation by Allosteric Modulators Using a Hierarchical Simulation Approach and Network Modeling of Allosteric Interactions: Conformational Selection Dictates the Diversity of Protein Responses and Ligand-Specific Functional Mechanisms. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6656-6677. [PMID: 32941034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Conformational plasticity of the Hsp90 molecular chaperones underlies the diversity of functional mechanisms that these versatile molecular machines employ to coordinate their vast protein clientele in the cellular environment. Despite a steady progress in studies of the Hsp90 machinery, a great deal remains unknown about molecular principles and ligand-specific functional mechanisms of the Hsp90 regulation by allosteric modulators that attracted significant attention because of their therapeutic potential. Due to structural complexity and dynamic nature of the Hsp90 responses to allosteric modulators, the atomistic details about the mode of action of these small molecules continue to be fairly scarce and controversial. In this work, we employ an integrative strategy that encompassed atomistic simulations of the Hsp90 proteins and hierarchical modeling of Hsp90-ligand binding with network analysis to explore functional mechanisms of the Hsp90 regulation by a panel of allosteric modulators (novobiocin, KU-135, KU-174, and KU-32) with different models of action. The results show that functional mechanisms of allosteric modulation in the Hsp90 proteins may be driven by conformational selection principles in which ligands elicit pre-existing states of the unbound chaperone to drive ligand-specific protein responses and distinct scenarios of Hsp90 regulation. We found that novobiocin can selectively sequester an ensemble of open chaperone conformations and inhibit the progression of the functional cycle through a cascade of cumulative dynamic changes. In contrast, KU-32 displayed unique preferences toward partially closed dynamic states, inducing robust allosteric signaling and stimulation of the ATPase cycle. The proposed model of the Hsp90 regulation by allosteric modulators reconciled diverse experimental data and showed that allosteric modulators may operate via targeted exploitation of dynamic landscapes eliciting vastly different protein responses and diverse mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Astl
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Gabrielle Stetz
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Gennady M Verkhivker
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li K, Sun P, Wang Y, Gao T, Zheng D, Liu A, Ni Y. Hsp90 interacts with Cdc37, is phosphorylated by PKA/PKC, and regulates Src phosphorylation in human sperm capacitation. Andrology 2020; 9:185-195. [PMID: 32656999 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) signaling pathways participate in protein phosphorylation during sperm capacitation. However, the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between Hsp90 and its co-chaperone protein, cell division cycle protein Cdc37 (Cdc37), in human spermatozoa. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of H-89 (a protein kinase A [PKA] inhibitor) and Go6983 (a protein kinase C [PKC] inhibitor) on the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in Hsp90; the effect of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG, Hsp90 inhibitor) on Y416-Src phosphorylation; and the effects of 17-AAG and geldanamycin on threonine phosphorylation during human sperm capacitation. RESULTS Hsp90 co-localized and interacted with Cdc37. During human sperm capacitation, Hsp90 phosphorylation at serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues was inhibited by H-89 and Go6983. In addition, phosphorylation of residue Y416 in the tyrosine kinase Src (its active site) was inhibited by 17-AAG, and the threonine phosphorylation levels of some proteins were decreased by 17-AAG and geldanamycin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Taken together, our data showed that the interaction of Hsp90 with Cdc37 regulates total protein threonine phosphorylation and Src phosphorylation via its serine, threonine, and tyrosine phosphorylation, which are controlled by PKA and PKC during human sperm capacitation. The results of this study help understand the mechanism underlying Hsp90 regulation of sperm function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peibei Sun
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yayan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongwang Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ajuan Liu
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Ni
- Department of Reproductive Physiology, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences/Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sanchez-Martin C, Serapian SA, Colombo G, Rasola A. Dynamically Shaping Chaperones. Allosteric Modulators of HSP90 Family as Regulatory Tools of Cell Metabolism in Neoplastic Progression. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1177. [PMID: 32766157 PMCID: PMC7378685 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have recently emerged as fundamental regulators of salient biological routines, including metabolic adaptations to environmental changes. Yet, many of the molecular mechanisms at the basis of their functions are still unknown or at least uncertain. This is in part due to the lack of chemical tools that can interact with the chaperones to induce measurable functional perturbations. In this context, the use of small molecules as modulators of protein functions has proven relevant for the investigation of a number of biomolecular systems. Herein, we focus on the functions, interactions and signaling pathways of the HSP90 family of molecular chaperones as possible targets for the discovery of new molecular entities aimed at tuning their activity and interactions. HSP90 and its mitochondrial paralog, TRAP1, regulate the activity of crucial metabolic circuitries, making cells capable of efficiently using available energy sources, with relevant implications both in healthy conditions and in a variety of disease states and especially cancer. The design of small-molecules targeting the chaperone cycle of HSP90 and able to inhibit or stimulate the activity of the protein can provide opportunities to finely dissect their biochemical activities and to obtain lead compounds to develop novel, mechanism-based drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rasola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Padova, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
The Importance of Protein Phosphorylation for Signaling and Metabolism in Response to Diel Light Cycling and Nutrient Availability in a Marine Diatom. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9070155. [PMID: 32640597 PMCID: PMC7408324 DOI: 10.3390/biology9070155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are major contributors to global primary production and their populations in the modern oceans are affected by availability of iron, nitrogen, phosphate, silica, and other trace metals, vitamins, and infochemicals. However, little is known about the role of phosphorylation in diatoms and its role in regulation and signaling. We report a total of 2759 phosphorylation sites on 1502 proteins detected in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Conditionally phosphorylated peptides were detected at low iron (n = 108), during the diel cycle (n = 149), and due to nitrogen availability (n = 137). Through a multi-omic comparison of transcript, protein, phosphorylation, and protein homology, we identify numerous proteins and key cellular processes that are likely under control of phospho-regulation. We show that phosphorylation regulates: (1) carbon retrenchment and reallocation during growth under low iron, (2) carbon flux towards lipid biosynthesis after the lights turn on, (3) coordination of transcription and translation over the diel cycle and (4) in response to nitrogen depletion. We also uncover phosphorylation sites for proteins that play major roles in diatom Fe sensing and utilization, including flavodoxin and phytotransferrin (ISIP2A), as well as identify phospho-regulated stress proteins and kinases. These findings provide much needed insight into the roles of protein phosphorylation in diel cycling and nutrient sensing in diatoms.
Collapse
|
37
|
Glucocorticoid receptor complexes form cooperatively with the Hsp90 co-chaperones Pp5 and FKBPs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10733. [PMID: 32612187 PMCID: PMC7329908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of steroid receptors in the cell depends on the chaperone machinery of Hsp90, as Hsp90 primes steroid receptors for hormone binding and transcriptional activation. Several conserved proteins are known to additionally participate in receptor chaperone assemblies, but the regulation of the process is not understood in detail. Also, it is unknown to what extent the contribution of these cofactors is conserved in other eukaryotes. We here examine the reconstituted C. elegans and human chaperone assemblies. We find that the nematode phosphatase PPH-5 and the prolyl isomerase FKB-6 facilitate the formation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complexes with Hsp90. Within these complexes, Hsp90 can perform its closing reaction more efficiently. By combining chemical crosslinking and mass spectrometry, we define contact sites within these assemblies. Compared to the nematode Hsp90 system, the human system shows less cooperative client interaction and a stricter requirement for the co-chaperone p23 to complete the closing reaction of GR·Hsp90·Pp5/Fkbp51/Fkbp52 complexes. In both systems, hormone binding to GR is accelerated by Hsp90 alone and in the presence of its cofactors. Our results show that cooperative complex formation and hormone binding patterns are, in many aspects, conserved between the nematode and human systems.
Collapse
|
38
|
Stetz G, Astl L, Verkhivker GM. Exploring Mechanisms of Communication Switching in the Hsp90-Cdc37 Regulatory Complexes with Client Kinases through Allosteric Coupling of Phosphorylation Sites: Perturbation-Based Modeling and Hierarchical Community Analysis of Residue Interaction Networks. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4706-4725. [PMID: 32492340 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding molecular principles underlying chaperone-based modulation of kinase client activity is critically important to dissect functions and activation mechanisms of many oncogenic proteins. The recent experimental studies have suggested that phosphorylation sites in the Hsp90 and Cdc37 proteins can serve as conformational communication switches of chaperone regulation and kinase interactions. However, a mechanism of allosteric coupling between phosphorylation sites in the Hsp90 and Cdc37 during client binding is poorly understood, and the molecular signatures underpinning specific roles of phosphorylation sites in the Hsp90 regulation remain unknown. In this work, we employed a combination of evolutionary analysis, coarse-grained molecular simulations together with perturbation-based network modeling and scanning of the unbound and bound Hsp90 and Cdc37 structures to quantify allosteric effects of phosphorylation sites and identify unique signatures that are characteristic for communication switches of kinase-specific client binding. By using network-based metrics of the dynamic intercommunity bridgeness and community centrality, we characterize specific signatures of phosphorylation switches involved in allosteric regulation. Through perturbation-based analysis of the dynamic residue interaction networks, we show that mutations of kinase-specific phosphorylation switches can induce long-range effects and lead to a global rewiring of the allosteric network and signal transmission in the Hsp90-Cdc37-kinase complex. We determine a specific group of phosphorylation sites in the Hsp90 where mutations may have a strong detrimental effect on allosteric interaction network, providing insight into the mechanism of phosphorylation-induced communication switching. The results demonstrate that kinase-specific phosphorylation switches of communications in the Hsp90 may be partly predisposed for their regulatory role based on preexisting allosteric propensities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Stetz
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Lindy Astl
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Gennady M Verkhivker
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Backe SJ, Sager RA, Woodford MR, Makedon AM, Mollapour M. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 and translating the chaperone code. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11099-11117. [PMID: 32527727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have a remarkable ability to synthesize large amounts of protein in a very short period of time. Under these conditions, many hydrophobic surfaces on proteins may be transiently exposed, and the likelihood of deleterious interactions is quite high. To counter this threat to cell viability, molecular chaperones have evolved to help nascent polypeptides fold correctly and multimeric protein complexes assemble productively, while minimizing the danger of protein aggregation. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone that is involved in the stability and activation of at least 300 proteins, also known as clients, under normal cellular conditions. The Hsp90 clients participate in the full breadth of cellular processes, including cell growth and cell cycle control, signal transduction, DNA repair, transcription, and many others. Hsp90 chaperone function is coupled to its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP, which is tightly regulated both by co-chaperone proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Many reported PTMs of Hsp90 alter chaperone function and consequently affect myriad cellular processes. Here, we review the contributions of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, methylation, O-GlcNAcylation, ubiquitination, and others, toward regulation of Hsp90 function. We also discuss how the Hsp90 modification state affects cellular sensitivity to Hsp90-targeted therapeutics that specifically bind and inhibit its chaperone activity. The ultimate challenge is to decipher the comprehensive and combinatorial array of PTMs that modulate Hsp90 chaperone function, a phenomenon termed the "chaperone code."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alan M Makedon
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Astl L, Stetz G, Verkhivker GM. Allosteric Mechanism of the Hsp90 Chaperone Interactions with Cochaperones and Client Proteins by Modulating Communication Spines of Coupled Regulatory Switches: Integrative Atomistic Modeling of Hsp90 Signaling in Dynamic Interaction Networks. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:3616-3631. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Astl
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Gabrielle Stetz
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Gennady M. Verkhivker
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Keck Center for Science and Engineering, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California92618, United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sager RA, Dushukyan N, Woodford M, Mollapour M. Structure and function of the co-chaperone protein phosphatase 5 in cancer. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:383-394. [PMID: 32239474 PMCID: PMC7193036 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 5 (PP5) is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that regulates many cellular functions including steroid hormone signaling, stress response, proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. PP5 is also a co-chaperone of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone machinery that assists in regulation of cellular signaling pathways essential for cell survival and growth. PP5 plays a significant role in survival and propagation of multiple cancers, which makes it a promising target for cancer therapy. Though there are several naturally occurring PP5 inhibitors, none is specific for PP5. Here, we review the roles of PP5 in cancer progression and survival and discuss the unique features of the PP5 structure that differentiate it from other phosphoprotein phosphatase (PPP) family members and make it an attractive therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Natela Dushukyan
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mark Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
- Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A methylated lysine is a switch point for conformational communication in the chaperone Hsp90. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1219. [PMID: 32139682 PMCID: PMC7057950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of a conserved lysine in C-terminal domain of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 was shown previously to affect its in vivo function. However, the underlying mechanism remained elusive. Through a combined experimental and computational approach, this study shows that this site is very sensitive to sidechain modifications and crucial for Hsp90 activity in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that this particular lysine serves as a switch point for the regulation of Hsp90 functions by influencing its conformational cycle, ATPase activity, co-chaperone regulation, and client activation of yeast and human Hsp90. Incorporation of the methylated lysine via genetic code expansion specifically shows that upon modification, the conformational cycle of Hsp90 is altered. Molecular dynamics simulations including the methylated lysine suggest specific conformational changes that are propagated through Hsp90. Thus, methylation of the C-terminal lysine allows a precise allosteric tuning of Hsp90 activity via long distances. Methylation of a lysine residue in Hsp90 is a recently discovered post-translational modification but the mechanistic effects of this modification have remained unknown so far. Here the authors combine biochemical and biophysical approaches, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and functional experiments with yeast and show that this lysine is a switch point, which specifically modulates conserved Hsp90 functions including co-chaperone regulation and client activation.
Collapse
|
43
|
Liberman AC, Budziñski ML, Sokn C, Gobbini RP, Ugo MB, Arzt E. SUMO conjugation as regulator of the glucocorticoid receptor-FKBP51 cellular response to stress. Steroids 2020; 153:108520. [PMID: 31604074 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to adequately respond to stressful stimuli, glucocorticoids (GCs) target almost every tissue of the body. By exerting a negative feedback loop in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis GCs inhibit their own synthesis and restore homeostasis. GCs actions are mostly mediated by the GC receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Alterations of the GR activity have been associatedto different diseases including mood disorders and can lead to severe complication. Therefore, understanding the molecular complexity of GR modulation is mandatory for the development of new and effective drugs for treating GR-associated disorders. FKBP51 is a GR chaperone that has gained much attention because it is a strong inhibitor of GR activity and has a crucial role in psychiatric diseases. Both GR and FKBP51 activity are regulated by SUMOylation, a posttranslational (PTM). In this review, we focus on the impact of SUMO-conjugation as a regulator of this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Liberman
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)- CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina.
| | - Maia L Budziñski
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)- CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Clara Sokn
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)- CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Romina P Gobbini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)- CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Maria B Ugo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)- CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)- CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires C1425FQD, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wolmarans A, Kwantes A, LaPointe P. A novel method for site-specific chemical SUMOylation: SUMOylation of Hsp90 modulates co-chaperone binding in vitro. Biol Chem 2019; 400:487-500. [PMID: 30265648 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SUMO is covalently attached to lysine side chains in target proteins by the action of a cascade of E1, E2, and E3 ligases. Unlike ubiquitin, SUMO does not target proteins for degradation but rather plays a regulatory role in activating target proteins or directing them to multiprotein complexes. Isolating SUMOylated proteins from native sources is challenging because of the low stoichiometry of SUMOylation that occurs for any given target protein in cells. Here we report a novel strategy to couple SUMO to the site of a target lysine for the purpose of in vitro study. Introduction of a single cysteine after the C terminal diglycine motif and a cysteine in place of a target lysine in a substrate protein allows for efficient and specific crosslinking of SUMO using a homo-bifunctional maleimide crosslinker. We demonstrate that SUMO can be crosslinked in this manner to amino acid position 178 in the dimeric molecular chaperone, Hsp90. Chemically SUMOylated Hsp90 has very similar ATPase activity compared to unmodified Hsp90 but displays preferential co-chaperone binding in vivo. Our novel strategy can easily be applied to other SUMOylated or ubiquitinated target protein in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Wolmarans
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| | - Allison Kwantes
- Department of Biology, The King's University, Edmonton T6B 2H3, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bohush A, Bieganowski P, Filipek A. Hsp90 and Its Co-Chaperones in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20204976. [PMID: 31600883 PMCID: PMC6834326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper folding is crucial for proteins to achieve functional activity in the cell. However, it often occurs that proteins are improperly folded (misfolded) and form aggregates, which are the main hallmark of many diseases including cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and many others. Proteins that assist other proteins in proper folding into three-dimensional structures are chaperones and co-chaperones. The key role of chaperones/co-chaperones is to prevent protein aggregation, especially under stress. An imbalance between chaperone/co-chaperone levels has been documented in neurons, and suggested to contribute to protein misfolding. An essential protein and a major regulator of protein folding in all eukaryotic cells is the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). The function of Hsp90 is tightly regulated by many factors, including co-chaperones. In this review we summarize results regarding the role of Hsp90 and its co-chaperones in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and prionopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Bohush
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Paweł Bieganowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biebl MM, Buchner J. Structure, Function, and Regulation of the Hsp90 Machinery. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034017. [PMID: 30745292 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation of a plethora of substrates ("clients"), including protein kinases, transcription factors, and E3 ubiquitin ligases, positioning Hsp90 as a central regulator of cellular proteostasis. Hsp90 undergoes large conformational changes during its ATPase cycle. The processing of clients by cytosolic Hsp90 is assisted by a cohort of cochaperones that affect client recruitment, Hsp90 ATPase function or conformational rearrangements in Hsp90. Because of the importance of Hsp90 in regulating central cellular pathways, strategies for the pharmacological inhibition of the Hsp90 machinery in diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are being developed. In this review, we summarize recent structural and mechanistic progress in defining the function of organelle-specific and cytosolic Hsp90, including the impact of individual cochaperones on the maturation of specific clients and complexes with clients as well as ways of exploiting Hsp90 as a drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian M Biebl
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Girstmair H, Tippel F, Lopez A, Tych K, Stein F, Haberkant P, Schmid PWN, Helm D, Rief M, Sattler M, Buchner J. The Hsp90 isoforms from S. cerevisiae differ in structure, function and client range. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3626. [PMID: 31399574 PMCID: PMC6689086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11518-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperone Hsp90 is an important regulator of proteostasis. It has remained unclear why S. cerevisiae possesses two Hsp90 isoforms, the constitutively expressed Hsc82 and the stress-inducible Hsp82. Here, we report distinct differences despite a sequence identity of 97%. Consistent with its function under stress conditions, Hsp82 is more stable and refolds more efficiently than Hsc82. The two isoforms also differ in their ATPases and conformational cycles. Hsc82 is more processive and populates closed states to a greater extent. Variations in the N-terminal ATP-binding domain modulate its dynamics and conformational cycle. Despite these differences, the client interactomes are largely identical, but isoform-specific interactors exist both under physiological and heat shock conditions. Taken together, changes mainly in the N-domain create a stress-specific, more resilient protein with a shifted activity profile. Thus, the precise tuning of the Hsp90 isoforms preserves the basic mechanism but adapts it to specific needs. S. cerevisiae encodes two Hsp90 isoforms, the constitutively expressed Hsc82 and stress-inducible Hsp82 that are 97% identical. Here, the authors combine a range of biophysical methods and show that they differ in their enzymatic properties, resilience to stress and client range, which suggests that they evolved to provide fine-tuned chaperone assistance under physiological and stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Girstmair
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Franziska Tippel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Abraham Lopez
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Tych
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Stein
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Haberkant
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Werner Norbert Schmid
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Dominic Helm
- Proteomics Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rief
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hsp90 middle domain phosphorylation initiates a complex conformational program to recruit the ATPase-stimulating cochaperone Aha1. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2574. [PMID: 31189925 PMCID: PMC6561935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex conformational dynamics are essential for function of the dimeric molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), including transient, ATP-biased N-domain dimerization that is necessary to attain ATPase competence. The intrinsic, but weak, ATP hydrolyzing activity of human Hsp90 is markedly enhanced by the co-chaperone Aha1. However, the cellular concentration of Aha1 is substoichiometric relative to Hsp90. Here we report that initial recruitment of this cochaperone to Hsp90 is markedly enhanced by phosphorylation of a highly conserved tyrosine (Y313 in Hsp90α) in the Hsp90 middle domain. Importantly, phosphomimetic mutation of Y313 promotes formation of a transient complex in which both N- and C-domains of Aha1 bind to distinct surfaces of the middle domains of opposing Hsp90 protomers prior to ATP-directed N-domain dimerization. Thus, Y313 represents a phosphorylation-sensitive conformational switch, engaged early after client loading, that affects both local and long-range conformational dynamics to facilitate initial recruitment of Aha1 to Hsp90.
Collapse
|
49
|
Dagar M, Singh JP, Dagar G, Tyagi RK, Bagchi G. Phosphorylation of HSP90 by protein kinase A is essential for the nuclear translocation of androgen receptor. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8699-8710. [PMID: 30992362 PMCID: PMC6552429 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is often activated in prostate cancer patients undergoing androgen-ablative therapy because of the activation of cellular pathways that stimulate the AR despite low androgen levels. In many of these tumors, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway is activated. Previous studies have shown that PKA can synergize with low levels of androgen to enhance androgen signaling and consequent cell proliferation, leading to castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, the mechanism by which PKA causes AR stimulation in the presence of low/no androgen is not established yet. Here, using immunofluorescence immunoblotting assays, co-immunoprecipitation, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, and reporter gene assays, we demonstrate that PKA activation is necessary for the phosphorylation of heat shock protein (HSP90) that binds to unliganded AR in the cytoplasm, restricting its entry into the nucleus. We also found that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the Thr89 residue in HSP90 releases AR from HSP90, enabling AR binding to HSP27 and its migration into the nucleus. Substitution of the Thr89 in HSP90 prevented its phosphorylation by PKA and significantly reduced AR transactivation and cellular proliferation. We further observed that the transcription of AR target genes, such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), is also lowered in the HSP90 Thr89 variant. These results suggest that using a small-molecule inhibitor against the HSP90 Thr89 residue in conjunction with existing androgen-ablative therapy may be more effective than androgen-ablative therapy alone in the treatment of prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Dagar
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| | - Julie Pratibha Singh
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| | - Gunjan Dagar
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- the Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Gargi Bagchi
- From the Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon 122413, India and
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Intermolecular Interactions between Hsp90 and Hsp70. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2729-2746. [PMID: 31125567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Hsp90 and Hsp70 families of molecular chaperones are imp\ortant for the maintenance of protein homeostasis and cellular recovery following environmental stresses, such as heat and oxidative stress. Moreover, the two chaperones can collaborate in protein remodeling and activation. In higher eukaryotes, Hsp90 and Hsp70 form a functionally active complex with Hop (Hsp90-Hsp70 organizing protein) acting as a bridge between the two chaperones. In bacteria, which do not contain a Hop homolog, Hsp90 and Hsp70, DnaK, directly interact during protein remodeling. Although yeast possesses a Hop-like protein, Sti1, Hsp90, and Hsp70 can directly interact in yeast in the absence of Sti1. Previous studies showed that residues in the middle domain of Escherichia coli Hsp90 are important for interaction with the J-protein binding region of DnaK. The results did not distinguish between the possibility that (i) these sites were involved in direct interaction and (ii) the residues in these sites participate in conformational changes which are transduced to other sites on Hsp90 and DnaK that are involved in the direct interaction. Here we show by crosslinking experiments that the direct interaction is between a site in the middle domain of Hsp90 and the J-protein binding site of Hsp70 in both E. coli and yeast. Moreover, J-protein promotes the Hsp70-Hsp90 interaction in the presence of ATP, likely by converting Hsp70 into the ADP-bound conformation. The identification of the protein-protein interaction site is anticipated to lead to a better understanding of the collaboration between the two chaperones in protein remodeling.
Collapse
|