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Sabour-Takanlou M, Sabour-Takanlou L, Biray-Avci C. EZH2-associated tumor malignancy: A prominent target for cancer treatment. Clin Genet 2024. [PMID: 38881299 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The discussion in this review centers around the significant relationships between EZH2 and the initiation, progression, metastasis, metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation of cancer. Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which encompass two primary Polycomb repressor complexes (PRC1 and PRC2), have been categorized. PRC2 consists mainly of four subunits, namely EZH2, EED, SUZ12, and RbAp46/48. As the crucial catalytic component within the PRC2 complex, EZH2 plays a pivotal role in controlling a wide range of biological processes. Overexpression/mutations of EZH2 have been detected in a wide variety of tumors. Several mechanisms of EZH regulation have been identified, including regulation EZH2 mRNA by miRNAs, LncRNAs, accessibility to DNA via DNA-binding proteins, post-translational modifications, and transcriptional regulation. EZH2 signaling triggers cancer progression and may intervene with anti-tumor immunity; therefore it has charmed attention as an effective therapeutic target in cancer therapy. Numerouss nucleic acid-based therapies have been used in the modification of EZH2. In addition to gene therapy approaches, pharmaceutical compounds can be used to target the EZH2 signaling pathway in the treatment of cancer. EZH2-associated tumor cells and immune cells enhance the effects of the immune response in a variety of human malignancies. The combination of epigenetic modifying agents, such as anti-EZH2 compounds with immunotherapy, could potentially be efficacious even in the context of immunosuppressive tumors. Summary, understanding the mechanisms underlying resistance to EZH2 inhibitors may facilitate the development of novel drugs to prevent or treat relapse in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cigir Biray-Avci
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Lashen A, Alqahtani S, Shoqafi A, Algethami M, Jeyapalan JN, Mongan NP, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. Clinicopathological Significance of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5053. [PMID: 38732271 PMCID: PMC11084890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is a key cell cycle regulator, with essential roles during G1/S transition. The clinicopathological significance of CDK2 in ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) and early-stage invasive breast cancers (BCs) remains largely unknown. Here, we evaluated CDK2's protein expression in 479 BC samples and 216 DCIS specimens. Analysis of CDK2 transcripts was completed in the METABRIC cohort (n = 1980) and TCGA cohort (n = 1090), respectively. A high nuclear CDK2 protein expression was significantly associated with aggressive phenotypes, including a high tumour grade, lymph vascular invasion, a poor Nottingham prognostic index (all p-values < 0.0001), and shorter survival (p = 0.006), especially in luminal BC (p = 0.009). In p53-mutant BC, high nuclear CDK2 remained linked with worse survival (p = 0.01). In DCIS, high nuclear/low cytoplasmic co-expression showed significant association with a high tumour grade (p = 0.043), triple-negative and HER2-enriched molecular subtypes (p = 0.01), Comedo necrosis (p = 0.024), negative ER status (p = 0.004), negative PR status (p < 0.0001), and a high proliferation index (p < 0.0001). Tumours with high CDK2 transcripts were more likely to have higher expressions of genes involved in the cell cycle, homologous recombination, and p53 signaling. We provide compelling evidence that high CDK2 is a feature of aggressive breast cancers. The clinical evaluation of CDK2 inhibitors in early-stage BC patients will have a clinical impact.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Middle Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Neoplasm Staging
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Aged
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Lashen
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Shatha Alqahtani
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Ahmed Shoqafi
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Mashael Algethami
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University Hospital, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 3RD, UK; (A.L.); (S.A.); (A.S.); (M.A.); (J.N.J.); (N.P.M.); (E.A.R.)
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
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3
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Terzi EM, Possemato R. Iron, Copper, and Selenium: Cancer's Thing for Redox Bling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2024; 14:a041545. [PMID: 37932129 PMCID: PMC10982729 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Cells require micronutrients for numerous basic functions. Among these, iron, copper, and selenium are particularly critical for redox metabolism, and their importance is heightened during oncogene-driven perturbations in cancer. In this review, which particularly focuses on iron, we describe how these micronutrients are carefully chaperoned about the body and made available to tissues, a process that is designed to limit the toxicity of free iron and copper or by-products of selenium metabolism. We delineate perturbations in iron metabolism and iron-dependent proteins that are observed in cancer, and describe the current approaches being used to target iron metabolism and iron-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem M Terzi
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Richard Possemato
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
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4
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Zhao Y, Ding ZG, Yan YJ, Yang R, Qi MM, Pan SK, Xie JL, Sun YH, Xiang J. Teadenol B as a Component of Microorganism-Fermented Tea Extract Inhibited Breast Cancers by Promoting Autophagy. Molecules 2024; 29:872. [PMID: 38398624 PMCID: PMC10892666 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant threat to life and health, which needs more safe and effective drugs to be explored. Teadenol B is a characteristic chemical component of microbial fermented tea. This study discovered that teadenol B could exhibit obvious inhibitory effects on all four different clinical subtype characteristics of breast cancer cells. Proteomic studies show that deoxycytidine triphosphate deaminase (DCTD), which could block DNA synthesis and repair DNA damage, had the most significant and consistent reduction in all four types of breast cancer cells with the treatment of teadenol B. Considering MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit poor clinical prognosis and displayed substantial statistical differences in KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results, we investigated its impact on the size and growth of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast tumors transplanted into nude mice and demonstrated that teadenol B significantly suppressed tumor growth without affecting body weight significantly. Finally, we found that the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II in MDA-MB-231 increased significantly with teadenol B treatment. This proved that teadenol B could be a strong autophagy promotor, which explained the down-regulation of DCTD to some extent and may be the potential mechanism underlying teadenol B's anti-breast cancer effects. This finding provides new evidence for drinking fermented tea to prevent breast cancer and highlights the potential of teadenol B as a novel therapeutic option for breast cancer prevention and treatment, necessitating further investigations to clarify its exact target and the details involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.-M.Q.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Zhang-Gui Ding
- Pu-erh Tea Fermentation Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650271, China; (Z.-G.D.); (R.Y.); (S.-K.P.); (J.-L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650271, China
- Yunnan Dayi Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650271, China
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yu-Jie Yan
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.-M.Q.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Rui Yang
- Pu-erh Tea Fermentation Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650271, China; (Z.-G.D.); (R.Y.); (S.-K.P.); (J.-L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650271, China
- Yunnan Dayi Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650271, China
| | - Miao-Miao Qi
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.-M.Q.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Shu-Kang Pan
- Pu-erh Tea Fermentation Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650271, China; (Z.-G.D.); (R.Y.); (S.-K.P.); (J.-L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650271, China
- Yunnan Dayi Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650271, China
| | - Ji-Ling Xie
- Pu-erh Tea Fermentation Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650271, China; (Z.-G.D.); (R.Y.); (S.-K.P.); (J.-L.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Kunming 650271, China
- Yunnan Dayi Microbial Technology Co., Ltd., Kunming 650271, China
| | - Yu-Hui Sun
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.-M.Q.); (Y.-H.S.)
| | - Jin Xiang
- Ministry of Education Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.-J.Y.); (M.-M.Q.); (Y.-H.S.)
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5
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Husseiny EM, Abulkhair HS, Saleh A, Altwaijry N, Zidan RA, Abdulrahman FG. Molecular overlay-guided design of new CDK2 inhibitor thiazepinopurines: Synthesis, anticancer, and mechanistic investigations. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106789. [PMID: 37611530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Adopting the molecular overlay approach, three novel sets of thiazepinopurines with expected cytotoxicity and CDK2 inhibition potential were designed and synthesized. This was accomplished through the heteroannelation of purines, for the first time, with thiazepine. The obtained thiazepinopurines derivatives were assessed for their cytotoxicity toward tumor cells of three different types, HepG2, MCF-7, and PC-3 as well as one normal cell (WI38). Among the studied compounds, 3b and 3c exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against tumor cells presenting IC50 range of 5.52-17.09 µM in comparison with Roscovitine (9.32-13.82 µM). Additionally, both compounds displayed superior selectivity indices (SI = 3.00-7.15) toward tested cancer cells. The 4-chlorophenyl analog 3b has shown the best selectivity index, and hence it has been subjected to additional investigations to determine its proper mechanistic effect. Accordingly, the CDK2 inhibition potential, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle analysis of MCF-7 were evaluated. Results revealed that this analog displayed a potent CDK2 inhibition potential with an IC50 value of 0.219 µM. Findings also showed that 3b was thought to arrest MCF-7 cell cycle at S phase together with apoptosis induction by the increased expression of Bax, Caspase-8, and -9 markers with a concomitant decrease in Bcl-2 expression. Besides, the probable interaction of 3b with CDK2 binding pocket was investigated by molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebtehal M Husseiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, International Coastal Road, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Najla Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riham A Zidan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma G Abdulrahman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11754, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Luo Q, Pan Y, Fu Q, Zhang X, Zhou S, Yu P, Tian H, Liu P, Chen S, Zhang H, Qin T. Immortalization-upregulated protein promotes pancreatic cancer progression by regulating NPM1/FHL1-mediated cell-cycle-checkpoint protein activity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2069-2087. [PMID: 35142956 PMCID: PMC10547647 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Immortalization-upregulated protein (IMUP) plays a vital role in cell proliferation and tumor progression. However, its role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear. Here, we select IMUP as an alternative gene based on GeneChip analysis of clinical PDAC tissues and transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. IMUP expression is upregulated in PDAC tumor tissues. Moreover, high IMUP expression correlates with poor prognosis, while IMUP depletion inhibits PDAC cell proliferation and colony formation capacity in vitro, and decreases xenograft tumor growth in vivo. IMUP downregulation leads to cell-cycle arrest in the S phase. IMUP knockdown increases the expression of four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 (FHL1), which regulates the phosphorylation of cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) by cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and promotes cytoplasmic distribution of CDC25A by interaction with 14-3-3ξ. Furthermore, FHL1 knockdown restores the effects induced by IMUP depletion. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and immunoprecipitation analysis further show that IMUP interacts directly with nucleophosmin (NPM1) and enhances its stability. DNA methylation sequencing shows that FHL1 promoter methylation decreases when IMUP is downregulated. Overexpression of NPM1 can increase the methylation level of FHL1, thereby decreasing its expression. Our study provides a novel perspective on IMUP/NPM1/FHL1-mediated cell-cycle arrest by regulating CDC25A phosphorylation in PDAC. These findings may provide a new therapeutic target for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiankun Luo
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Yanfeng Pan
- Department of Infection Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe East Rd. Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Huiyuan Tian
- Department of Research and Discipline Development, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
- Henan University People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
- Henan University People’s Hospital, No.7, Weiwu Rd., Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, 450003 Henan China
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7
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Brown VE, Moore SL, Chen M, House N, Ramsden P, Wu HJ, Ribich S, Grassian AR, Choi YJ. CDK2 regulates collapsed replication fork repair in CCNE1-amplified ovarian cancer cells via homologous recombination. NAR Cancer 2023; 5:zcad039. [PMID: 37519629 PMCID: PMC10373114 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CCNE1 amplification is a common alteration in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and occurs in 15-20% of these tumors. These amplifications are mutually exclusive with homologous recombination deficiency, and, as they have intact homologous recombination, are intrinsically resistant to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or chemotherapy agents. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that lead to this mutual exclusivity may reveal therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be leveraged in the clinic in this still underserved patient population. Here, we demonstrate that CCNE1-amplified high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells rely on homologous recombination to repair collapsed replication forks. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2, the canonical partner of cyclin E1, uniquely regulates homologous recombination in this genetic context, and as such cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibition synergizes with DNA damaging agents in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that combining a selective cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitor with a DNA damaging agent could be a powerful tool in the clinic for high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Brown
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 617 374 7580;
| | - Sydney L Moore
- Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Maxine Chen
- Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Anderle N, Schäfer-Ruoff F, Staebler A, Kersten N, Koch A, Önder C, Keller AL, Liebscher S, Hartkopf A, Hahn M, Templin M, Brucker SY, Schenke-Layland K, Schmees C. Breast cancer patient-derived microtumors resemble tumor heterogeneity and enable protein-based stratification and functional validation of individualized drug treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:210. [PMID: 37596623 PMCID: PMC10436441 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02782-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in deciphering breast cancer at the genomic level, the pronounced intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity remains a major obstacle to the advancement of novel and more effective treatment approaches. Frequent treatment failure and the development of treatment resistance highlight the need for patient-derived tumor models that reflect the individual tumors of breast cancer patients and allow a comprehensive analyses and parallel functional validation of individualized and therapeutically targetable vulnerabilities in protein signal transduction pathways. Here, we introduce the generation and application of breast cancer patient-derived 3D microtumors (BC-PDMs). Residual fresh tumor tissue specimens were collected from n = 102 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and subjected to BC-PDM isolation. BC-PDMs retained histopathological characteristics, and extracellular matrix (ECM) components together with key protein signaling pathway signatures of the corresponding primary tumor tissue. Accordingly, BC-PDMs reflect the inter- and intratumoral heterogeneity of breast cancer and its key signal transduction properties. DigiWest®-based protein expression profiling of identified treatment responder and non-responder BC-PDMs enabled the identification of potential resistance and sensitivity markers of individual drug treatments, including markers previously associated with treatment response and yet undescribed proteins. The combination of individualized drug testing with comprehensive protein profiling analyses of BC-PDMs may provide a valuable complement for personalized treatment stratification and response prediction for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Anderle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
| | - Felix Schäfer-Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kersten
- Interfaculty Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- FZI Research Center for Information Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Cansu Önder
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Keller
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Simone Liebscher
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartkopf
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Ulm, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y Brucker
- Department of Women's Health, University Women's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770, Reutlingen, Germany.
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9
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Demidova EV, Serebriiskii IG, Vlasenkova R, Kelow S, Andrake MD, Hartman TR, Kent T, Virtucio J, Rosen GL, Pomerantz RT, Dunbrack RL, Golemis EA, Hall MJ, Chen DYT, Daly MB, Arora S. Candidate variants in DNA replication and repair genes in early-onset renal cell carcinoma patients referred for germline testing. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:212. [PMID: 37095444 PMCID: PMC10123997 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset renal cell carcinoma (eoRCC) is typically associated with pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in RCC familial syndrome genes. However, most eoRCC patients lack PGVs in familial RCC genes and their genetic risk remains undefined. METHODS Here, we analyzed biospecimens from 22 eoRCC patients that were seen at our institution for genetic counseling and tested negative for PGVs in RCC familial syndrome genes. RESULTS Analysis of whole-exome sequencing (WES) data found enrichment of candidate pathogenic germline variants in DNA repair and replication genes, including multiple DNA polymerases. Induction of DNA damage in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) significantly elevated numbers of [Formula: see text]H2AX foci, a marker of double-stranded breaks, in PBMCs from eoRCC patients versus PBMCs from matched cancer-free controls. Knockdown of candidate variant genes in Caki RCC cells increased [Formula: see text]H2AX foci. Immortalized patient-derived B cell lines bearing the candidate variants in DNA polymerase genes (POLD1, POLH, POLE, POLK) had DNA replication defects compared to control cells. Renal tumors carrying these DNA polymerase variants were microsatellite stable but had a high mutational burden. Direct biochemical analysis of the variant Pol δ and Pol η polymerases revealed defective enzymatic activities. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that constitutional defects in DNA repair underlie a subset of eoRCC cases. Screening patient lymphocytes to identify these defects may provide insight into mechanisms of carcinogenesis in a subset of genetically undefined eoRCCs. Evaluation of DNA repair defects may also provide insight into the cancer initiation mechanisms for subsets of eoRCCs and lay the foundation for targeting DNA repair vulnerabilities in eoRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Demidova
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
| | - Ilya G Serebriiskii
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Ramilia Vlasenkova
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Simon Kelow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark D Andrake
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Tiffiney R Hartman
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Arcadia University, Glenside, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Kent
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - James Virtucio
- Ecological and Evolutionary Signal-Processing and Informatics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gail L Rosen
- Ecological and Evolutionary Signal-Processing and Informatics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard T Pomerantz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Roland L Dunbrack
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Michael J Hall
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - David Y T Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
| | - Sanjeevani Arora
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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10
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DENND3 p.L708V activating variant is involved in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis via the RAB12/TFR2 signaling pathway. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:648-661. [PMID: 36729283 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-022-10474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathogenic variants in HFE and non-HFE genes have been identified in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) in different patient populations, but there are still a considerable proportion of patients with unexplained primary iron overload. We recently identified in Chinese patients with unexplained primary iron overload a recurrent p.L708V variant in the differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells domain 3 (DENND3) gene, functioning as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for small GTpase Rab12 which down-regulates TfR expression in mice. We aim to investigate the pathogenicity and the underlying mechanism of the DENND3 p.L708V variant in HH patients. METHODS Patients with primary iron overload were analyzed for DENND3 p.L708V. TFR2 and hepcidin expression in livers were examined in HH patients harboring DENND3 p.L708V. The effects of DENND3 p.L708V on RAB12/TFR2 and downstream iron metabolic pathways were investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Six of 31 patients with HH (19.35%) harbored the DENND3 p.L708V variant. The expression of TFR2 and hepcidin was decreased in the liver of HH patients with DENND3 p.L708V. Cells transfected with the DENND3 p.L708V vector showed up-regulation of RAB12 expression and TFR2 degradation in lysosomes, and down-regulation of the pSMAD1/5 and hepcidin. Mice models infected with adeno-associated virus expressing DENND3 p.L708V variant showed higher total serum iron concentrations and decreased HAMP level, increased amount of iron accumulation and the down-regulated of TFR2 expression in the liver. CONCLUSIONS The DENND3 p.L708V activating variant down-regulates hepcidin expression through the DENND3/RAB12/TFR2 axis, which may represent a potential novel pathogenic factor of HH.
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11
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Tesfay L, Paul BT, Hegde P, Brewer M, Habbani S, Jellison E, Moore T, Wu H, Torti SV, Torti FM. Complementary anti-cancer pathways triggered by inhibition of sideroflexin 4 in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19936. [PMID: 36402786 PMCID: PMC9675821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24391-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damaging agents are a mainstay of standard chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, resistance to such DNA damaging agents frequently develops, often due to increased activity of DNA repair pathways. Sideroflexin 4 (SFXN4) is a little-studied inner mitochondrial membrane protein. Here we demonstrate that SFXN4 plays a role in synthesis of iron sulfur clusters (Fe-S) in ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer tumor-initiating cells, and that knockdown of SFXN4 inhibits Fe-S biogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. We demonstrate that this has two important consequences that may be useful in anti-cancer therapy. First, inhibition of Fe-S biogenesis triggers the accumulation of excess iron, leading to oxidative stress. Second, because enzymes critical to multiple DNA repair pathways require Fe-S clusters for their function, DNA repair enzymes and DNA repair itself are inhibited by reduction of SFXN4. Through this dual mechanism, SFXN4 inhibition heightens ovarian cancer cell sensitivity to DNA-damaging drugs and DNA repair inhibitors used in ovarian cancer therapy, such as cisplatin and PARP inhibitors. Sensitization is achieved even in drug resistant ovarian cancer cells. Further, knockout of SFXN4 decreases DNA repair and profoundly inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model of ovarian cancer metastasis. Collectively, these results suggest that SFXN4 may represent a new target in ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Tesfay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Bibbin T Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Poornima Hegde
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Molly Brewer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Samrin Habbani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Evan Jellison
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Timothy Moore
- Statistical Consulting Services, Center for Open Research Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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12
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Fujihara KM, Zhang BZ, Jackson TD, Ogunkola MO, Nijagal B, Milne JV, Sallman DA, Ang CS, Nikolic I, Kearney CJ, Hogg SJ, Cabalag CS, Sutton VR, Watt S, Fujihara AT, Trapani JA, Simpson KJ, Stojanovski D, Leimkühler S, Haupt S, Phillips WA, Clemons NJ. Eprenetapopt triggers ferroptosis, inhibits NFS1 cysteine desulfurase, and synergizes with serine and glycine dietary restriction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9427. [PMID: 36103522 PMCID: PMC9473576 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of action of eprenetapopt (APR-246, PRIMA-1MET) as an anticancer agent remains unresolved, although the clinical development of eprenetapopt focuses on its reported mechanism of action as a mutant-p53 reactivator. Using unbiased approaches, this study demonstrates that eprenetapopt depletes cellular antioxidant glutathione levels by increasing its turnover, triggering a nonapoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death known as ferroptosis. Deficiency in genes responsible for supplying cancer cells with the substrates for de novo glutathione synthesis (SLC7A11, SHMT2, and MTHFD1L), as well as the enzymes required to synthesize glutathione (GCLC and GCLM), augments the activity of eprenetapopt. Eprenetapopt also inhibits iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis by limiting the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1, which potentiates ferroptosis and may restrict cellular proliferation. The combination of eprenetapopt with dietary serine and glycine restriction synergizes to inhibit esophageal xenograft tumor growth. These findings reframe the canonical view of eprenetapopt from a mutant-p53 reactivator to a ferroptosis inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji M. Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (N.J.C.); (K.M.F.)
| | - Bonnie Z. Zhang
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas D. Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Moses O. Ogunkola
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Department for Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brunda Nijagal
- Metabolomics Australia, The Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia V. Milne
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A. Sallman
- Malignant Hematology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iva Nikolic
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Conor J. Kearney
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Hematology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon J. Hogg
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Hematology Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos S. Cabalag
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivien R. Sutton
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally Watt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Asuka T. Fujihara
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Trapani
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kaylene J. Simpson
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Centre for Functional Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diana Stojanovski
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Department for Molecular Enzymology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sue Haupt
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Tumor Suppression and Cancer Sex Disparity Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne A. Phillips
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Surgery (St. Vincent’s Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Clemons
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Program, Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author. (N.J.C.); (K.M.F.)
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13
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Liang H, Zhu Y, Zhao Z, Du J, Yang X, Fang H, Hou X. Structure-Based Design of 2-Aminopurine Derivatives as CDK2 Inhibitors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864342. [PMID: 35592410 PMCID: PMC9110766 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) regulates the progression of the cell cycle and is critically associated with tumor growth. Selective CDK2 inhibition provides a potential therapeutic benefit against certain tumors. Purines and related heterocycle (e.g., R-Roscovitine) are important scaffolds in the development of CDK inhibitors. Herein, we designed a new series of 2-aminopurine derivatives based on the fragment-centric pocket mapping analysis of CDK2 crystal structure. Our results indicated that the introduction of polar substitution at the C-6 position of purine would be beneficial for CDK2 inhibition. Among them, compound 11l showed good CDK2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 19 nM) and possessed good selectivity against other CDKs. Further in vitro tests indicated that compound 11l possesses anti-proliferation activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulation suggested the favorable binding mode of compound 11l, which may serve as a new lead compound for the future development of CDK2 selective inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jintong Du
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Hao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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14
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Chaube U, Bhatt H. Identification of potent, non-toxic, selective CDK2 inhibitor through the pharmacophore-based scaffold hopping, molecular dynamics simulation-assisted molecular docking study, Lee Richard contour map analysis, and ADMET properties. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Lin JF, Hu PS, Wang YY, Tan YT, Yu K, Liao K, Wu QN, Li T, Meng Q, Lin JZ, Liu ZX, Pu HY, Ju HQ, Xu RH, Qiu MZ. Phosphorylated NFS1 weakens oxaliplatin-based chemosensitivity of colorectal cancer by preventing PANoptosis. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:54. [PMID: 35221331 PMCID: PMC8882671 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic enzymes have an indispensable role in metabolic reprogramming, and their aberrant expression or activity has been associated with chemosensitivity. Hence, targeting metabolic enzymes remains an attractive approach for treating tumors. However, the influence and regulation of cysteine desulfurase (NFS1), a rate-limiting enzyme in iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster biogenesis, in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain elusive. Here, using an in vivo metabolic enzyme gene-based clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 library screen, we revealed that loss of NFS1 significantly enhanced the sensitivity of CRC cells to oxaliplatin. In vitro and in vivo results showed that NFS1 deficiency synergizing with oxaliplatin triggered PANoptosis (apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) by increasing the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, oxaliplatin-based oxidative stress enhanced the phosphorylation level of serine residues of NFS1, which prevented PANoptosis in an S293 phosphorylation-dependent manner during oxaliplatin treatment. In addition, high expression of NFS1, transcriptionally regulated by MYC, was found in tumor tissues and was associated with poor survival and hyposensitivity to chemotherapy in patients with CRC. Overall, the findings of this study provided insights into the underlying mechanisms of NFS1 in oxaliplatin sensitivity and identified NFS1 inhibition as a promising strategy for improving the outcome of platinum-based chemotherapy in the treatment of CRC.
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16
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Lara-Chica M, Correa-Sáez A, Jiménez-Izquierdo R, Garrido-Rodríguez M, Ponce FJ, Moreno R, Morrison K, Di Vona C, Arató K, Jiménez-Jiménez C, Morrugares R, Schmitz ML, de la Luna S, de la Vega L, Calzado MA. A novel CDC25A/DYRK2 regulatory switch modulates cell cycle and survival. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:105-117. [PMID: 34363019 PMCID: PMC8738746 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) phosphatase is a key regulator of cell cycle progression that acts on the phosphorylation status of Cyclin-Cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, with an emergent role in the DNA damage response and cell survival control. The regulation of CDC25A activity and its protein level is essential to control the cell cycle and maintain genomic integrity. Here we describe a novel ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated pathway negatively regulating CDC25A stability, dependent on its phosphorylation by the serine/threonine kinase DYRK2. DYRK2 phosphorylates CDC25A on at least 7 residues, resulting in its degradation independent of the known CDC25A E3 ubiquitin ligases. CDC25A in turn is able to control the phosphorylation of DYRK2 at several residues outside from its activation loop, thus affecting DYRK2 localization and activity. An inverse correlation between DYRK2 and CDC25A protein amounts was observed during cell cycle progression and in response to DNA damage, with CDC25A accumulation responding to the manipulation of DYRK2 levels or activity in either physiological scenario. Functional data show that the pro-survival activity of CDC25A and the pro-apoptotic activity of DYRK2 could be partly explained by the mutual regulation between both proteins. Moreover, DYRK2 modulation of CDC25A expression and/or activity contributes to the DYRK2 role in cell cycle regulation. Altogether, we provide evidence suggesting that DYRK2 and CDC25A mutually control their activity and stability by a feedback regulatory loop, with a relevant effect on the genotoxic stress pathway, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Lara-Chica
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Correa-Sáez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Izquierdo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martín Garrido-Rodríguez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ponce
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rita Moreno
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Kimberley Morrison
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Jiménez-Jiménez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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17
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Fagundes R, Teixeira LK. Cyclin E/CDK2: DNA Replication, Replication Stress and Genomic Instability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:774845. [PMID: 34901021 PMCID: PMC8652076 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication must be precisely controlled in order to maintain genome stability. Transition through cell cycle phases is regulated by a family of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) in association with respective cyclin regulatory subunits. In normal cell cycles, E-type cyclins (Cyclin E1 and Cyclin E2, CCNE1 and CCNE2 genes) associate with CDK2 to promote G1/S transition. Cyclin E/CDK2 complex mostly controls cell cycle progression and DNA replication through phosphorylation of specific substrates. Oncogenic activation of Cyclin E/CDK2 complex impairs normal DNA replication, causing replication stress and DNA damage. As a consequence, Cyclin E/CDK2-induced replication stress leads to genomic instability and contributes to human carcinogenesis. In this review, we focus on the main functions of Cyclin E/CDK2 complex in normal DNA replication and the molecular mechanisms by which oncogenic activation of Cyclin E/CDK2 causes replication stress and genomic instability in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo K. Teixeira
- Group of Cell Cycle Control, Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Shi R, Hou W, Wang ZQ, Xu X. Biogenesis of Iron-Sulfur Clusters and Their Role in DNA Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:735678. [PMID: 34660592 PMCID: PMC8514734 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.735678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron–sulfur (Fe/S) clusters (ISCs) are redox-active protein cofactors that their synthesis, transfer, and insertion into target proteins require many components. Mitochondrial ISC assembly is the foundation of all cellular ISCs in eukaryotic cells. The mitochondrial ISC cooperates with the cytosolic Fe/S protein assembly (CIA) systems to accomplish the cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S clusters maturation. ISCs are needed for diverse cellular functions, including nitrogen fixation, oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondrial respiratory pathways, and ribosome assembly. Recent research advances have confirmed the existence of different ISCs in enzymes that regulate DNA metabolism, including helicases, nucleases, primases, DNA polymerases, and glycosylases. Here we outline the synthesis of mitochondrial, cytosolic and nuclear ISCs and highlight their functions in DNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Shi
- Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenya Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Xingzhi Xu
- Shenzhen University-Friedrich Schiller Universität Jena Joint Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Sciences, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Disease Prevention and Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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19
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Castellanet O, Ahmad F, Vinik Y, Mills GB, Habermann B, Borg JP, Lev S, Lamballe F, Maina F. BCL-XL blockage in TNBC models confers vulnerability to inhibition of specific cell cycle regulators. Theranostics 2021; 11:9180-9197. [PMID: 34646365 PMCID: PMC8490507 DOI: 10.7150/thno.60503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulators are frequently altered in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). Emerging agents targeting these signals offer the possibility to design new combinatorial therapies. However, preclinical models that recapitulate TNBC primary resistance and heterogeneity are essential to evaluate the potency of these combined treatments. Methods: Bioinformatic processing of human breast cancer datasets was used to analyse correlations between expression levels of cell cycle regulators and patient survival outcome. The MMTV-R26Met mouse model of TNBC resistance and heterogeneity was employed to analyse expression and targeting vulnerability of cell cycle regulators in the presence of BCL-XL blockage. Robustness of outcomes and selectivity was further explored using a panel of human breast cancer cells. Orthotopic studies in nude mice were applied for preclinical evaluation of efficacy and toxicity. Alterations of protein expression, phosphorylation, and/or cellular localisation were analysed by western blots, reverse phase protein array, and immunocytochemistry. Bioinformatics was performed to highlight drug's mechanisms of action. Results: We report that high expression levels of the BCL2L1 gene encoding BCL-XL and of specific cell cycle regulators correlate with poor survival outcomes of TNBC patients. Blockage of BCL-XL confers vulnerability to drugs targeting CDK1/2/4, but not FOXM1, CDK4/6, Aurora A and Aurora B, to all MMTV-R26Met and human TNBC cell lines tested. Combined blockage of BCL-XL and CDK1/2/4 interfered with tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that, co-targeting of BCL-XL and CDK1/2/4 synergistically inhibited cell viability by combinatorial depletion of survival and RTK/AKT signals, and concomitantly restoring FOXO3a tumour suppression actions. This was accompanied by an accumulation of DNA damage and consequently apoptosis. Conclusions: Our studies illustrate the possibility to exploit the vulnerability of TNBC cells to CDK1/2/4 inhibition by targeting BCL-XL. Moreover, they underline that specificity matters in targeting cell cycle regulators for combinatorial anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Castellanet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Fahmida Ahmad
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Yaron Vinik
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot (Israel)
| | | | - Bianca Habermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Jean-Paul Borg
- Aix Marseille Univ, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Equipe labellisée Ligue 'Cell polarity, cell signaling and cancer', Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille (France)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF)
| | - Sima Lev
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Rehovot (Israel)
| | - Fabienne Lamballe
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille (France)
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20
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Costa A, Vale N. Strategies for the treatment of breast cancer: from classical drugs to mathematical models. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:6328-6385. [PMID: 34517536 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and generally affects women. It is a heterogeneous disease that presents different entities, different biological characteristics, and differentiated clinical behaviors. With this in mind, this literature review had as its main objective to analyze the path taken from the simple use of classical drugs to the application of mathematical models, which through the many ongoing studies, have been considered as one of the reliable strategies, explaining the reasons why chemotherapy is not always successful. Besides, the most commonly mentioned strategies are immunotherapy, which includes techniques and therapies such as the use of antibodies, cytokines, antitumor vaccines, oncolytic and genomic viruses, among others, and nanoparticles, including metallic, magnetic, polymeric, liposome, dendrimer, micelle, and others, as well as drug reuse, which is a process by which new therapeutic indications are found for existing and approved drugs. The most commonly used pharmacological categories are cardiac, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, antiviral, antibiotic, and others. For the efficient development of reused drugs, there must be a process of exchange of purposes, methods, and information already available, and for their better understanding, computational mathematical models are then used, of which the methods of blind search or screening, based on the target, knowledge, signature, pathway or network and the mechanism to which it is directed, stand out. To conclude it should be noted that these different strategies can be applied alone or in combination with each other always to improve breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Health Information and Decision (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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21
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Li LX, Li X. Epigenetically Mediated Ciliogenesis and Cell Cycle Regulation, and Their Translational Potential. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071662. [PMID: 34359832 PMCID: PMC8307023 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia biogenesis has been closely associated with cell cycle progression. Cilia assemble when cells exit the cell cycle and enter a quiescent stage at the post-mitosis phase, and disassemble before cells re-enter a new cell cycle. Studies have focused on how the cell cycle coordinates with the cilia assembly/disassembly process, and whether and how cilia biogenesis affects the cell cycle. Appropriate regulation of the functions and/or expressions of ciliary and cell-cycle-associated proteins is pivotal to maintaining bodily homeostasis. Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone/chromatin modifications, are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and cilia biogenesis. In this review, first, we discuss how epigenetic mechanisms regulate cell cycle progression and cilia biogenesis through the regulation of DNA methylation and chromatin structures, to either promote or repress the transcription of genes associated with those processes and the modification of cytoskeleton network, including microtubule and actin. Next, we discuss the crosstalk between the cell cycle and ciliogenesis, and the involvement of epigenetic regulators in this process. In addition, we discuss cilia-dependent signaling pathways in cell cycle regulation. Understanding the mechanisms of how epigenetic regulators contribute to abnormal cell cycle regulation and ciliogenesis defects would lead to developing therapeutic strategies for the treatment of a wide variety of diseases, such as cancers, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), and other ciliopathy-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-266-0110
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22
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Stepchenkova EI, Zhuk AS, Cui J, Tarakhovskaya ER, Barbari SR, Shcherbakova PV, Polev DE, Fedorov R, Poliakov E, Rogozin IB, Lada AG, Pavlov YI. Compensation for the absence of the catalytically active half of DNA polymerase ε in yeast by positively selected mutations in CDC28. Genetics 2021; 218:6222163. [PMID: 33844024 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current eukaryotic replication models postulate that leading and lagging DNA strands are replicated predominantly by dedicated DNA polymerases. The catalytic subunit of the leading strand DNA polymerase ε, Pol2, consists of two halves made of two different ancestral B-family DNA polymerases. Counterintuitively, the catalytically active N-terminal half is dispensable, while the inactive C-terminal part is required for viability. Despite extensive studies of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking the active N-terminal half, it is still unclear how these strains survive and recover. We designed a robust method for constructing mutants with only the C-terminal part of Pol2. Strains without the active polymerase part show severe growth defects, sensitivity to replication inhibitors, chromosomal instability, and elevated spontaneous mutagenesis. Intriguingly, the slow-growing mutant strains rapidly accumulate fast-growing clones. Analysis of genomic DNA sequences of these clones revealed that the adaptation to the loss of the catalytic N-terminal part of Pol2 occurs by a positive selection of mutants with improved growth. Elevated mutation rates help generate sufficient numbers of these variants. Single nucleotide changes in the cell cycle-dependent kinase gene, CDC28, improve the growth of strains lacking the N-terminal part of Pol2, and rescue their sensitivity to replication inhibitors and, in parallel, lower mutation rates. Our study predicts that changes in mammalian homologs of cyclin-dependent kinases may contribute to cellular responses to the leading strand polymerase defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena I Stepchenkova
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Genetic Toxicology, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint-Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.,Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Anna S Zhuk
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg 191002, Russia
| | - Jian Cui
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Elena R Tarakhovskaya
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Genetic Toxicology, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint-Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.,Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Stephanie R Barbari
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Polina V Shcherbakova
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Dmitrii E Polev
- Research Resource Center "Biobank," Research Park, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 198504, Russia
| | - Roman Fedorov
- Department of Mathematics, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Eugenia Poliakov
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igor B Rogozin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Artem G Lada
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 92697, USA
| | - Youri I Pavlov
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia.,Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.,Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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23
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Noncanonical Functions of the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2 in Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:774-783. [PMID: 33556366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that is critical for determining cell identity. An epigenetic writer, EZH2 has a well-defined role in transcriptional repression by depositing trimethyl marks on lysine 27 of histone H3. However, there is mounting evidence that histone methyltransferases like EZH2 exert histone methyltransferase-independent functions. The relevance of these functions to breast cancer progression and their regulatory mechanisms are only beginning to become understood. Here, we review the current understanding of EZH2 H3K27me3-independent, noncanonical, functions and their regulation in breast cancer.
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24
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Pavlov YI, Zhuk AS, Stepchenkova EI. DNA Polymerases at the Eukaryotic Replication Fork Thirty Years after: Connection to Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3489. [PMID: 33255191 PMCID: PMC7760166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on tumor genomes revealed that mutations in genes of replicative DNA polymerases cause a predisposition for cancer by increasing genome instability. The past 10 years have uncovered exciting details about the structure and function of replicative DNA polymerases and the replication fork organization. The principal idea of participation of different polymerases in specific transactions at the fork proposed by Morrison and coauthors 30 years ago and later named "division of labor," remains standing, with an amendment of the broader role of polymerase δ in the replication of both the lagging and leading DNA strands. However, cancer-associated mutations predominantly affect the catalytic subunit of polymerase ε that participates in leading strand DNA synthesis. We analyze how new findings in the DNA replication field help elucidate the polymerase variants' effects on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youri I. Pavlov
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Anna S. Zhuk
- International Laboratory of Computer Technologies, ITMO University, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elena I. Stepchenkova
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and Genetic Toxicology, Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Saint-Petersburg Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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