1
|
Arimura Y, Konishi HA, Funabiki H. MagIC-Cryo-EM: Structural determination on magnetic beads for scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.21.576499. [PMID: 38328033 PMCID: PMC10849486 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.576499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cryo-EM single-particle analyses typically require target macromolecule concentration at 0.05~5.0 mg/ml, which is often difficult to achieve. Here, we devise Magnetic Isolation and Concentration (MagIC)-cryo-EM, a technique enabling direct structural analysis of targets captured on magnetic beads, thereby reducing the targets' concentration requirement to < 0.0005 mg/ml. Adapting MagIC-cryo-EM to a Chromatin Immunoprecipitation protocol, we characterized structural variations of the linker histone H1.8-associated nucleosomes that were isolated from interphase and metaphase chromosomes in Xenopus egg extract. Combining Duplicated Selection To Exclude Rubbish particles (DuSTER), a particle curation method that removes low signal-to-noise ratio particles, we also resolved the 3D cryo-EM structures of H1.8-bound nucleoplasmin NPM2 isolated from interphase chromosomes and revealed distinct open and closed structural variants. Our study demonstrates the utility of MagIC-cryo-EM for structural analysis of scarce macromolecules in heterogeneous samples and provides structural insights into the cell cycle-regulation of H1.8 association to nucleosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arimura
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
- Current address: Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA, 98109-1024
| | - Hide A Konishi
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bell CG. Epigenomic insights into common human disease pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:178. [PMID: 38602535 PMCID: PMC11008083 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The epigenome-the chemical modifications and chromatin-related packaging of the genome-enables the same genetic template to be activated or repressed in different cellular settings. This multi-layered mechanism facilitates cell-type specific function by setting the local sequence and 3D interactive activity level. Gene transcription is further modulated through the interplay with transcription factors and co-regulators. The human body requires this epigenomic apparatus to be precisely installed throughout development and then adequately maintained during the lifespan. The causal role of the epigenome in human pathology, beyond imprinting disorders and specific tumour suppressor genes, was further brought into the spotlight by large-scale sequencing projects identifying that mutations in epigenomic machinery genes could be critical drivers in both cancer and developmental disorders. Abrogation of this cellular mechanism is providing new molecular insights into pathogenesis. However, deciphering the full breadth and implications of these epigenomic changes remains challenging. Knowledge is accruing regarding disease mechanisms and clinical biomarkers, through pathogenically relevant and surrogate tissue analyses, respectively. Advances include consortia generated cell-type specific reference epigenomes, high-throughput DNA methylome association studies, as well as insights into ageing-related diseases from biological 'clocks' constructed by machine learning algorithms. Also, 3rd-generation sequencing is beginning to disentangle the complexity of genetic and DNA modification haplotypes. Cell-free DNA methylation as a cancer biomarker has clear clinical utility and further potential to assess organ damage across many disorders. Finally, molecular understanding of disease aetiology brings with it the opportunity for exact therapeutic alteration of the epigenome through CRISPR-activation or inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Bell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lian T, Guan R, Zhou BR, Bai Y. Structural mechanism of synergistic targeting of the CX3CR1 nucleosome by PU.1 and C/EBPα. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:633-643. [PMID: 38267599 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are vital for cell fate changes. PU.1 and C/EBPα work together to regulate hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. However, how they recognize in vivo nucleosomal DNA targets remains elusive. Here we report the structures of the nucleosome containing the mouse genomic CX3CR1 enhancer DNA and its complexes with PU.1 alone and with both PU.1 and the C/EBPα DNA binding domain. Our structures reveal that PU.1 binds the DNA motif at the exit linker, shifting 17 bp of DNA into the core region through interactions with H2A, unwrapping ~20 bp of nucleosomal DNA. C/EBPα binding, aided by PU.1's repositioning, unwraps ~25 bp of entry DNA. The PU.1 Q218H mutation, linked to acute myeloid leukemia, disrupts PU.1-H2A interactions. PU.1 and C/EBPα jointly displace linker histone H1 and open the H1-condensed nucleosome array. Our study unveils how two pioneer factors can work cooperatively to open closed chromatin by altering DNA positioning in the nucleosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Lian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ruifang Guan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bing-Rui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park J, Kim JJ, Ryu JK. Mechanism of phase condensation for chromosome architecture and function. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:809-819. [PMID: 38658703 PMCID: PMC11059216 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal phase separation is involved in a broad spectrum of chromosome organization and functional processes. Nonetheless, the intricacy of this process has left its molecular mechanism unclear. Here, we introduce the principles governing phase separation and its connections to physiological roles in this context. Our primary focus is contrasting two phase separation mechanisms: self-association-induced phase separation (SIPS) and bridging-induced phase separation (BIPS). We provide a comprehensive discussion of the distinct features characterizing these mechanisms and offer illustrative examples that suggest their broad applicability. With a detailed understanding of these mechanisms, we explore their associations with nucleosomes and chromosomal biological functions. This comprehensive review contributes to the exploration of uncharted territory in the intricate interplay between chromosome architecture and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongveen Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Je-Kyung Ryu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics of Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin X, Zhang B. Explicit ion modeling predicts physicochemical interactions for chromatin organization. eLife 2024; 12:RP90073. [PMID: 38289342 PMCID: PMC10945522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms that dictate chromatin organization in vivo are under active investigation, and the extent to which intrinsic interactions contribute to this process remains debatable. A central quantity for evaluating their contribution is the strength of nucleosome-nucleosome binding, which previous experiments have estimated to range from 2 to 14 kBT. We introduce an explicit ion model to dramatically enhance the accuracy of residue-level coarse-grained modeling approaches across a wide range of ionic concentrations. This model allows for de novo predictions of chromatin organization and remains computationally efficient, enabling large-scale conformational sampling for free energy calculations. It reproduces the energetics of protein-DNA binding and unwinding of single nucleosomal DNA, and resolves the differential impact of mono- and divalent ions on chromatin conformations. Moreover, we showed that the model can reconcile various experiments on quantifying nucleosomal interactions, providing an explanation for the large discrepancy between existing estimations. We predict the interaction strength at physiological conditions to be 9 kBT, a value that is nonetheless sensitive to DNA linker length and the presence of linker histones. Our study strongly supports the contribution of physicochemical interactions to the phase behavior of chromatin aggregates and chromatin organization inside the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saumer P, Scheffner M, Marx A, Stengel F. Interactome of intact chromatosome variants with site-specifically ubiquitylated and acetylated linker histone H1.2. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:101-113. [PMID: 37994785 PMCID: PMC10783519 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones have fundamental effects on chromatin structure and function. While the impact of PTMs on the function of core histones are increasingly well understood, this is much less the case for modifications of linker histone H1, which is at least in part due to a lack of proper tools. In this work, we establish the assembly of intact chromatosomes containing site-specifically ubiquitylated and acetylated linker histone H1.2 variants obtained by a combination of chemical biology approaches. We then use these complexes in a tailored affinity enrichment mass spectrometry workflow to identify and comprehensively characterize chromatosome-specific cellular interactomes and the impact of site-specific linker histone modifications on a proteome-wide scale. We validate and benchmark our approach by western-blotting and by confirming the involvement of chromatin-bound H1.2 in the recruitment of proteins involved in DNA double-strand break repair using an in vitro ligation assay. We relate our data to previous work and in particular compare it to data on modification-specific interaction partners of free H1. Taken together, our data supports the role of chromatin-bound H1 as a regulatory protein with distinct functions beyond DNA compaction and constitutes an important resource for future investigations of histone epigenetic modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Saumer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martin Scheffner
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Florian Stengel
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz; Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oishi T, Hatazawa S, Kujirai T, Kato J, Kobayashi Y, Ogasawara M, Akatsu M, Ehara H, Sekine SI, Hayashi G, Takizawa Y, Kurumizaka H. Contributions of histone tail clipping and acetylation in nucleosome transcription by RNA polymerase II. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10364-10374. [PMID: 37718728 PMCID: PMC10602921 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal tails of histones protrude from the nucleosome core and are target sites for histone modifications, such as acetylation and methylation. Histone acetylation is considered to enhance transcription in chromatin. However, the contribution of the histone N-terminal tail to the nucleosome transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) has not been clarified. In the present study, we reconstituted nucleosomes lacking the N-terminal tail of each histone, H2A, H2B, H3 or H4, and performed RNAPII transcription assays. We found that the N-terminal tail of H3, but not H2A, H2B and H4, functions in RNAPII pausing at the SHL(-5) position of the nucleosome. Consistently, the RNAPII transcription assay also revealed that the nucleosome containing N-terminally acetylated H3 drastically alleviates RNAPII pausing at the SHL(-5) position. In addition, the H3 acetylated nucleosome produced increased amounts of the run-off transcript. These results provide important evidence that the H3 N-terminal tail plays a role in RNAPII pausing at the SHL(-5) position of the nucleosome, and its acetylation directly alleviates this nucleosome barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Oishi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Suguru Hatazawa
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kujirai
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Junko Kato
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Ogasawara
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akatsu
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Ehara
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shun-ichi Sekine
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Gosuke Hayashi
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takizawa
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- Laboratory for Transcription Structural Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Das SK, Kumar A, Hao F, Cutter DiPiazza AR, Fang H, Lee TH, Hayes JJ. Histone H3 Tail Modifications Alter Structure and Dynamics of the H1 C-Terminal Domain Within Nucleosomes. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168242. [PMID: 37619707 PMCID: PMC10530611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The highly positively charged and intrinsically disordered H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) undergoes extensive condensation upon binding to nucleosomes, and stabilizes nucleosomes and higher-order chromatin structures but its interactions in chromatin are not well defined. Using single-molecule FRET we found that about half of the H1 CTDs in H1-nucleosome complexes exhibit well-defined FRET values indicative of distinct, static conformations, while the remainder of the population exhibits exchange between multiple defined FRET structures. Moreover, crosslinking studies indicate that the first 30 residues of the H1 CTD participate in relatively localized contacts with the first ∼25 bp of linker DNA, and that two separate regions in the CTD contribute to H1-dependent organization of linker DNA. Finally, we show that acetylation mimetics within the histone H3 tail markedly reduce the overall extent of H1 CTD condensation and significantly increase the fraction of H1 CTDs undergoing dynamic exchange between FRET states. Our results indicate the nucleosome-bound H1 CTD adopts loosely defined structures that exhibit significantly enhanced dynamics and decondensation upon epigenetic acetylation within the H3 tail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhra Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rochester University Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14625, United States
| | - Fanfan Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rochester University Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14625, United States
| | - Amber R Cutter DiPiazza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rochester University Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14625, United States
| | - He Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rochester University Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14625, United States
| | - Tae-Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Jeffrey J Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rochester University Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14625, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong S, Li H, Wang M, Rasheed N, Zou B, Gao X, Guan J, Li W, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhou N, Shi X, Li M, Zhou M, Huang J, Li H, Zhang Y, Wong KH, Zhang X, Chao WCH, He J. Structural basis of nucleosome deacetylation and DNA linker tightening by Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex. Cell Res 2023; 33:790-801. [PMID: 37666978 PMCID: PMC10542350 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00869-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cryptic transcription at the coding region is prevented by the activity of Sin3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex Rpd3S, which is carried by the transcribing RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) to deacetylate and stabilize chromatin. Despite its fundamental importance, the mechanisms by which Rpd3S deacetylates nucleosomes and regulates chromatin dynamics remain elusive. Here, we determined several cryo-EM structures of Rpd3S in complex with nucleosome core particles (NCPs), including the H3/H4 deacetylation states, the alternative deacetylation state, the linker tightening state, and a state in which Rpd3S co-exists with the Hho1 linker histone on NCP. These structures suggest that Rpd3S utilizes a conserved Sin3 basic surface to navigate through the nucleosomal DNA, guided by its interactions with H3K36 methylation and the extra-nucleosomal DNA linkers, to target acetylated H3K9 and sample other histone tails. Furthermore, our structures illustrate that Rpd3S reconfigures the DNA linkers and acts in concert with Hho1 to engage the NCP, potentially unraveling how Rpd3S and Hho1 work in tandem for gene silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huadong Li
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Nadia Rasheed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Binqian Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xijie Gao
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Li
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ningkun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tomas Lindahl Nobel Laureate Laboratory, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Koon Ho Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Jun He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis, Therapy and Rehabilitation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andreeva TV, Maluchenko NV, Efremenko AV, Lyubitelev AV, Korovina AN, Afonin DA, Kirpichnikov MP, Studitsky VM, Feofanov AV. Epigallocatechin Gallate Affects the Structure of Chromatosomes, Nucleosomes and Their Complexes with PARP1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14187. [PMID: 37762491 PMCID: PMC10532227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural flavonoid epigallocatechin gallate has a wide range of biological activities, including being capable of binding to nucleic acids; however, the mechanisms of the interactions of epigallocatechin gallate with DNA organized in chromatin have not been systematically studied. In this work, the interactions of epigallocatechin gallate with chromatin in cells and with nucleosomes and chromatosomes in vitro were studied using fluorescent microscopy and single-particle Förster resonance energy transfer approaches, respectively. Epigallocatechin gallate effectively penetrates into the nuclei of living cells and binds to DNA there. The interaction of epigallocatechin gallate with nucleosomes in vitro induces a large-scale, reversible uncoiling of nucleosomal DNA that occurs without the dissociation of DNA or core histones at sub- and low-micromolar concentrations of epigallocatechin gallate. Epigallocatechin gallate does not reduce the catalytic activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, but causes the modulation of the structure of the enzyme-nucleosome complex. Epigallocatechin gallate significantly changes the structure of chromatosomes, but does not cause the dissociation of the linker histone. The reorganization of nucleosomes and chromatosomes through the use of epigallocatechin gallate could facilitate access to protein factors involved in DNA repair, replication and transcription to DNA and, thus, might contribute to the modulation of gene expression through the use of epigallocatechin gallate, which was reported earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Andreeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Natalya V. Maluchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Anastasiya V. Efremenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander V. Lyubitelev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Anna N. Korovina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Dmitry A. Afonin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vasily M. Studitsky
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Alexey V. Feofanov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (T.V.A.); (N.V.M.); (A.V.L.); (A.N.K.); (D.A.A.); (M.P.K.)
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lian T, Guan R, Zhou BR, Bai Y. Structural mechanism of synergistic targeting of the CX3CR1 nucleosome by PU.1 and C/EBPα. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.25.554718. [PMID: 37790476 PMCID: PMC10542146 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.25.554718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are vital for cell fate changes. PU.1 and C/EBPα work together to regulate hematopoietic stem cell differentiation. However, how they recognize in vivo nucleosomal DNA targets remain elusive. Here we report the structures of the nucleosome containing the mouse genomic CX3CR1 enhancer DNA and its complexes with PU.1 alone and with both PU.1 and the C/EBPα DNA binding domain. Our structures reveal that PU.1 binds the DNA motif at the exit linker, shifting 17 bp of DNA into the core region through interactions with H2A, unwrapping ~20 bp of nucleosomal DNA. C/EBPα binding, aided by PU.1's repositioning, unwraps ~25 bp entry DNA. The PU.1 Q218H mutation, linked to acute myeloid leukemia, disrupts PU.1-H2A interactions. PU.1 and C/EBPα jointly displace linker histone H1 and open the H1-condensed nucleosome array. Our study unveils how two pioneer factors can work cooperatively to open closed chromatin by altering DNA positioning in the nucleosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Lian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Ruifang Guan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Bing-Rui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thomas JF, Valencia-Sánchez MI, Tamburri S, Gloor SL, Rustichelli S, Godínez-López V, De Ioannes P, Lee R, Abini-Agbomson S, Gretarsson K, Burg JM, Hickman AR, Sun L, Gopinath S, Taylor HF, Sun ZW, Ezell RJ, Vaidya A, Meiners MJ, Cheek MA, Rice WJ, Svetlov V, Nudler E, Lu C, Keogh MC, Pasini D, Armache KJ. Structural basis of histone H2A lysine 119 deubiquitination by Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase BAP1/ASXL1. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg9832. [PMID: 37556531 PMCID: PMC10411902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg9832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub) is monoubiquitinated by Polycomb repressive complex 1 and deubiquitinated by Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase complex (PR-DUB). PR-DUB cleaves H2AK119Ub to restrict focal H2AK119Ub at Polycomb target sites and to protect active genes from aberrant silencing. The PR-DUB subunits (BAP1 and ASXL1) are among the most frequently mutated epigenetic factors in human cancers. How PR-DUB establishes specificity for H2AK119Ub over other nucleosomal ubiquitination sites and how disease-associated mutations of the enzyme affect activity are unclear. Here, we determine a cryo-EM structure of human BAP1 and the ASXL1 DEUBAD in complex with a H2AK119Ub nucleosome. Our structural, biochemical, and cellular data reveal the molecular interactions of BAP1 and ASXL1 with histones and DNA that are critical for restructuring the nucleosome and thus establishing specificity for H2AK119Ub. These results further provide a molecular explanation for how >50 mutations in BAP1 and ASXL1 found in cancer can dysregulate H2AK119Ub deubiquitination, providing insight into understanding cancer etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marco Igor Valencia-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Simone Tamburri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Samantha Rustichelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Victoria Godínez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephen Abini-Agbomson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kristjan Gretarsson
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | | - Lu Sun
- EpiCypher Inc., Durham, NC 27709, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William J. Rice
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vladimir Svetlov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Diego Pasini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Karim-Jean Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sawade K, Marx A, Peter C, Kukharenko O. Combining molecular dynamics simulations and scoring method to computationally model ubiquitylated linker histones in chromatosomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010531. [PMID: 37527265 PMCID: PMC10442151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin in eukaryotic cells plays a fundamental role in all processes during a cell's life cycle. This nucleoprotein is normally tightly packed but needs to be unpacked for expression and division. The linker histones are critical for such packaging processes and while most experimental and simulation works recognize their crucial importance, the focus is nearly always set on the nucleosome as the basic chromatin building block. Linker histones can undergo several modifications, but only few studies on their ubiquitylation have been conducted. Mono-ubiquitylated linker histones (HUb), while poorly understood, are expected to influence DNA compaction. The size of ubiquitin and the globular domain of the linker histone are comparable and one would expect an increased disorder upon ubiquitylation of the linker histone. However, the formation of higher order chromatin is not hindered and ubiquitylation of the linker histone may even promote gene expression. Structural data on chromatosomes is rare and HUb has never been modeled in a chromatosome so far. Descriptions of the chromatin complex with HUb would greatly benefit from computational structural data. In this study we generate molecular dynamics simulation data for six differently linked HUb variants with the help of a sampling scheme tailored to drive the exploration of phase space. We identify conformational sub-states of the six HUb variants using the sketch-map algorithm for dimensionality reduction and iterative HDBSCAN for clustering on the excessively sampled, shallow free energy landscapes. We present a highly efficient geometric scoring method to identify sub-states of HUb that fit into the nucleosome. We predict HUb conformations inside a nucleosome using on-dyad and off-dyad chromatosome structures as reference and show that unbiased simulations of HUb produce significantly more fitting than non-fitting HUb conformations. A tetranucleosome array is used to show that ubiquitylation can even occur in chromatin without too much steric clashes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Sawade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christine Peter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Oleksandra Kukharenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Theory Department, Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ostroverkhova D, Espiritu D, Aristizabal MJ, Panchenko AR. Leveraging Gene Redundancy to Find New Histone Drivers in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3437. [PMID: 37444547 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones play a critical role in chromatin function but are susceptible to mutagenesis. In fact, numerous mutations have been observed in several cancer types, and a few of them have been associated with carcinogenesis. Histones are peculiar, as they are encoded by a large number of genes, and the majority of them are clustered in three regions of the human genome. In addition, their replication and expression are tightly regulated in a cell. Understanding the etiology of cancer mutations in histone genes is impeded by their functional and sequence redundancy, their unusual genomic organization, and the necessity to be rapidly produced during cell division. Here, we collected a large data set of histone gene mutations in cancer and used it to investigate their distribution over 96 human histone genes and 68 different cancer types. This analysis allowed us to delineate the factors influencing the probability of mutation accumulation in histone genes and to detect new histone gene drivers. Although no significant difference in observed mutation rates between different histone types was detected for the majority of cancer types, several cancers demonstrated an excess or depletion of mutations in histone genes. As a consequence, we identified seven new histone genes as potential cancer-specific drivers. Interestingly, mutations were found to be distributed unevenly in several histone genes encoding the same protein, pointing to different factors at play, which are specific to histone function and genomic organization. Our study also elucidated mutational processes operating in genomic regions harboring histone genes, highlighting POLE as a factor of potential interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Ostroverkhova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Daniel Espiritu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Anna R Panchenko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G 0A3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dhakal A, Gyawali R, Wang L, Cheng J. A large expert-curated cryo-EM image dataset for machine learning protein particle picking. Sci Data 2023; 10:392. [PMID: 37349345 PMCID: PMC10287764 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique for determining the structures of biological macromolecular complexes. Picking single-protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs is a crucial step in reconstructing protein structures. However, the widely used template-based particle picking process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Though machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) based particle picking can potentially automate the process, its development is hindered by lack of large, high-quality labelled training data. To address this bottleneck, we present CryoPPP, a large, diverse, expert-curated cryo-EM image dataset for protein particle picking and analysis. It consists of labelled cryo-EM micrographs (images) of 34 representative protein datasets selected from the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive (EMPIAR). The dataset is 2.6 terabytes and includes 9,893 high-resolution micrographs with labelled protein particle coordinates. The labelling process was rigorously validated through 2D particle class validation and 3D density map validation with the gold standard. The dataset is expected to greatly facilitate the development of both AI and classical methods for automated cryo-EM protein particle picking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Dhakal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajan Gyawali
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure (LBMS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guan R, Lian T, Zhou BR, Wheeler D, Bai Y. Structural mechanism of LIN28B nucleosome targeting by OCT4. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1970-1982.e6. [PMID: 37327775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are essential for cell fate changes by targeting closed chromatin. OCT4 is a crucial pioneer factor that can induce cell reprogramming. However, the structural basis of how pioneer factors recognize the in vivo nucleosomal DNA targets is unknown. Here, we determine the high-resolution structures of the nucleosome containing human LIN28B DNA and its complexes with the OCT4 DNA binding region. Three OCT4s bind the pre-positioned nucleosome by recognizing non-canonical DNA sequences. Two use their POUS domains while the other uses the POUS-loop-POUHD region; POUHD serves as a wedge to unwrap ∼25 base pair DNA. Our analysis of previous genomic data and determination of the ESRRB-nucleosome-OCT4 structure confirmed the generality of these structural features. Moreover, biochemical studies suggest that multiple OCT4s cooperatively open the H1-condensed nucleosome array containing the LIN28B nucleosome. Thus, our study suggests a mechanism of how OCT4 can target the nucleosome and open closed chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Guan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tengfei Lian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bing-Rui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David Wheeler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Das SK, Kumar A, Hao F, DiPiazza ARC, Lee TH, Hayes JJ. Histone H3 tail modifications regulate structure and dynamics of the H1 C-terminal domain within nucleosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.540398. [PMID: 37214834 PMCID: PMC10197648 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.540398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Despite their importance, how linker histone H1s interact in chromatin and especially how the highly positively charged and intrinsically disordered H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) binds and stabilizes nucleosomes and higher-order chromatin structures remains unclear. Using single-molecule FRET we found that about half of the H1 CTDs in H1-nucleosome complexes exhibit well-defined FRET values indicative of distinct, static conformations, while the remainder of the population exhibits dynamically changing values, similar to that observed for H1 in the absence of nucleosomes. We also find that the first 30 residues of the CTD participate in relatively localized interactions with the first ∼20 bp of linker DNA, and that two separate regions in the CTD contribute to H1-dependent organization of linker DNA, consistent with some non-random CTD-linker DNA interactions. Finally, our data show that acetylation mimetics within the histone H3 tail induce decondensation and enhanced dynamics of the nucleosome-bound H1 CTD. (148 words).
Collapse
|
18
|
Ge W, Yu C, Li J, Yu Z, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu CP, Li Y, Tian C, Zhang X, Li G, Zhu B, Xu RM. Basis of the H2AK119 specificity of the Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase. Nature 2023; 616:176-182. [PMID: 36991118 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Repression of gene expression by protein complexes of the Polycomb group is a fundamental mechanism that governs embryonic development and cell-type specification1-3. The Polycomb repressive deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex removes the ubiquitin moiety from monoubiquitinated histone H2A K119 (H2AK119ub1) on the nucleosome4, counteracting the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1)5 to facilitate the correct silencing of genes by Polycomb proteins and safeguard active genes from inadvertent silencing by PRC1 (refs. 6-9). The intricate biological function of PR-DUB requires accurate targeting of H2AK119ub1, but PR-DUB can deubiquitinate monoubiquitinated free histones and peptide substrates indiscriminately; the basis for its exquisite nucleosome-dependent substrate specificity therefore remains unclear. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human PR-DUB, composed of BAP1 and ASXL1, in complex with the chromatosome. We find that ASXL1 directs the binding of the positively charged C-terminal extension of BAP1 to nucleosomal DNA and histones H3-H4 near the dyad, an addition to its role in forming the ubiquitin-binding cleft. Furthermore, a conserved loop segment of the catalytic domain of BAP1 is situated near the H2A-H2B acidic patch. This distinct nucleosome-binding mode displaces the C-terminal tail of H2A from the nucleosome surface, and endows PR-DUB with the specificity for H2AK119ub1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Ge
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Yu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Pei Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changlin Tian
- Division of Life Sciences and Anhui Provisional Engineering Laboratory of Peptide Drugs, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xinzheng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
H2A Ubiquitination Alters H3-tail Dynamics on Linker-DNA to Enhance H3K27 Methylation. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167936. [PMID: 36610636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2 are responsible for epigenetic gene regulation. PRC1 ubiquitinates histone H2A (H2Aub), which subsequently promotes PRC2 to introduce the H3 lysine 27 tri-methyl (H3K27me3) repressive chromatin mark. Although this mechanism provides a link between the two key transcriptional repressors, PRC1 and PRC2, it is unknown how histone-tail dynamics contribute to this process. Here, we have examined the effect of H2A ubiquitination and linker-DNA on H3-tail dynamics and H3K27 methylation by PRC2. In naïve nucleosomes, the H3-tail dynamically contacts linker DNA in addition to core DNA, and the linker-DNA is as important for H3K27 methylation as H2A ubiquitination. H2A ubiquitination alters contacts between the H3-tail and DNA to improve the methyltransferase activity of the PRC2-AEBP2-JARID2 complex. Collectively, our data support a model in which H2A ubiquitination by PRC1 synergizes with linker-DNA to hold H3 histone tails poised for their methylation by PRC2-AEBP2-JARID2.
Collapse
|
20
|
Thomas JF, Valencia-Sánchez MI, Tamburri S, Gloor SL, Rustichelli S, Godínez-López V, De Ioannes P, Lee R, Abini-Agbomson S, Gretarsson K, Burg JM, Hickman AR, Sun L, Gopinath S, Taylor H, Meiners MJ, Cheek MA, Rice W, Nudler E, Lu C, Keogh MC, Pasini D, Armache KJ. Structural basis of histone H2A lysine 119 deubiquitination by Polycomb Repressive Deubiquitinase BAP1/ASXL1. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529554. [PMID: 36865140 PMCID: PMC9980132 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of gene expression patterns during metazoan development is achieved by the actions of Polycomb group (PcG) complexes. An essential modification marking silenced genes is monoubiquitination of histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub) deposited by the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of the non-canonical Polycomb Repressive Complex 1. The Polycomb Repressive Deubiquitinase (PR-DUB) complex cleaves monoubiquitin from histone H2A lysine 119 (H2AK119Ub) to restrict focal H2AK119Ub at Polycomb target sites and to protect active genes from aberrant silencing. BAP1 and ASXL1, subunits that form active PR-DUB, are among the most frequently mutated epigenetic factors in human cancers, underscoring their biological importance. How PR-DUB achieves specificity for H2AK119Ub to regulate Polycomb silencing is unknown, and the mechanisms of most of the mutations in BAP1 and ASXL1 found in cancer have not been established. Here we determine a cryo-EM structure of human BAP1 bound to the ASXL1 DEUBAD domain in complex with a H2AK119Ub nucleosome. Our structural, biochemical, and cellular data reveal the molecular interactions of BAP1 and ASXL1 with histones and DNA that are critical for remodeling the nucleosome and thus establishing specificity for H2AK119Ub. These results further provide a molecular explanation for how >50 mutations in BAP1 and ASXL1 found in cancer can dysregulate H2AK119Ub deubiquitination, providing new insight into understanding cancer etiology. One Sentence Summary We reveal the molecular mechanism of nucleosomal H2AK119Ub deubiquitination by human BAP1/ASXL1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Marco Igor Valencia-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Simone Tamburri
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini 8, Department of Health Sciences, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Samantha Rustichelli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Victoria Godínez-López
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Pablo De Ioannes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Stephen Abini-Agbomson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kristjan Gretarsson
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Lu Sun
- EpiCypher Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - William Rice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Evgeny Nudler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Diego Pasini
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
- University of Milan, Via A. di Rudini 8, Department of Health Sciences, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Karim-Jean Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Becht DC, Klein BJ, Kanai A, Jang SM, Cox KL, Zhou BR, Phanor SK, Zhang Y, Chen RW, Ebmeier CC, Lachance C, Galloy M, Fradet-Turcotte A, Bulyk ML, Bai Y, Poirier MG, Côté J, Yokoyama A, Kutateladze TG. MORF and MOZ acetyltransferases target unmethylated CpG islands through the winged helix domain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:697. [PMID: 36754959 PMCID: PMC9908889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human acetyltransferases MOZ and MORF are implicated in chromosomal translocations associated with aggressive leukemias. Oncogenic translocations involve the far amino terminus of MOZ/MORF, the function of which remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized two structured winged helix (WH) domains, WH1 and WH2, in MORF and MOZ. WHs bind DNA in a cooperative manner, with WH1 specifically recognizing unmethylated CpG sequences. Structural and genomic analyses show that the DNA binding function of WHs targets MORF/MOZ to gene promoters, stimulating transcription and H3K23 acetylation, and WH1 recruits oncogenic fusions to HOXA genes that trigger leukemogenesis. Cryo-EM, NMR, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies provide mechanistic insight into the DNA-binding mechanism, which includes the association of WH1 with the CpG-containing linker DNA and binding of WH2 to the dyad of the nucleosome. The discovery of WHs in MORF and MOZ and their DNA binding functions could open an avenue in developing therapeutics to treat diseases associated with aberrant MOZ/MORF acetyltransferase activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C Becht
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Khan L Cox
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bing-Rui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina K Phanor
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ruo-Wen Chen
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Catherine Lachance
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Maxime Galloy
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Amelie Fradet-Turcotte
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Martha L Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael G Poirier
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Louro JA, Boopathi R, Beinsteiner B, Mohideen Patel AK, Cheng TC, Angelov D, Hamiche A, Bendar J, Kale S, Klaholz BP, Dimitrov S. Nucleosome dyad determines the H1 C-terminus collapse on distinct DNA arms. Structure 2023; 31:201-212.e5. [PMID: 36610392 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleosomes are symmetric structures. However, binding of linker histones generates an inherently asymmetric H1-nucleosome complex, and whether this asymmetry is transmitted to the overall nucleosome structure, and therefore also to chromatin, is unclear. Efforts to investigate potential asymmetry due to H1s have been hampered by the DNA sequence, which naturally differs in each gyre. To overcome this issue, we designed and analyzed by cryo-EM a nucleosome reconstituted with a palindromic (601L) 197-bp DNA. As in the non-palindromic 601 sequence, H1 restricts linker DNA flexibility but reveals partial asymmetrical unwrapping. However, in contrast to the non-palindromic nucleosome, in the palindromic nucleosome H1 CTD collapses to the proximal linker. Molecular dynamics simulations show that this could be dictated by a slightly tilted orientation of the globular domain (GD) of H1, which could be linked to the DNA sequence of the nucleosome dyad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Alegrio Louro
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Ramachandran Boopathi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Sante' - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule (LBMC), 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Brice Beinsteiner
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Abdul Kareem Mohideen Patel
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Tat Cheung Cheng
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule (LBMC), 46 Allée d'Italie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Ali Hamiche
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France; Département de Génomique Fonctionnelle et Cancer, Institut de Génétique et Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/Université de Strasbourg/CNRS/INSERM, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Jan Bendar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Sante' - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - Seyit Kale
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Balçova, 35330 Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Bruno P Klaholz
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CBI), Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institute of Genetics and of Molecular and Cellular Biology), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Stefan Dimitrov
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR 5309, INSERM U1209, Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Site Sante' - Allée des Alpes, 38700 La Tronche, France; Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Balçova, 35330 Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Portillo-Ledesma S, Li Z, Schlick T. Genome modeling: From chromatin fibers to genes. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 78:102506. [PMID: 36577295 PMCID: PMC9908845 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The intricacies of the 3D hierarchical organization of the genome have been approached by many creative modeling studies. The specific model/simulation technique combination defines and restricts the system and phenomena that can be investigated. We present the latest modeling developments and studies of the genome, involving models ranging from nucleosome systems and small polynucleosome arrays to chromatin fibers in the kb-range, chromosomes, and whole genomes, while emphasizing gene folding from first principles. Clever combinations allow the exploration of many interesting phenomena involved in gene regulation, such as nucleosome structure and dynamics, nucleosome-nucleosome stacking, polynucleosome array folding, protein regulation of chromatin architecture, mechanisms of gene folding, loop formation, compartmentalization, and structural transitions at the chromosome and genome levels. Gene-level modeling with full details on nucleosome positions, epigenetic factors, and protein binding, in particular, can in principle be scaled up to model chromosomes and cells to study fundamental biological regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Portillo-Ledesma
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Silver Building, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Zilong Li
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Silver Building, New York, 10003, NY, USA
| | - Tamar Schlick
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, Silver Building, New York, 10003, NY, USA; Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, 251 Mercer St., New York, 10012, NY, USA; New York University-East China Normal University Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Room 340, Geography Building, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200122, China; Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry, 24 Waverly Place, Silver Building, New York University, New York, 10003, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guan R, Lian T, Zhou BR, Bai Y. Structural mechanism of LIN28B nucleosome targeting by OCT4 for pluripotency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522631. [PMID: 36789416 PMCID: PMC9928048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pioneer transcription factors are essential for cell fate changes by targeting closed chromatin. OCT4 is a crucial pioneer factor that can induce cell reprogramming. However, the structural basis of how pioneer factors recognize the in vivo nucleosomal DNA targets is unknown. Here, we determine the high-resolution structures of the nucleosome containing human LIN28B DNA and its complexes with the OCT4 DNA binding region. Three OCT4s bind the pre-positioned nucleosome by recognizing non-canonical DNA motifs. Two use their POUS domains by forming extensive hydrogen bonds. The other uses the POUS-loop-POUHD region; POUHD serves as a wedge to unwrap ∼25 base pair DNA. Biochemical studies suggest that multiple OCT4s cooperatively open the H1-condensed nucleosome array containing the LIN28B nucleosome. Our study suggests a mechanism whereby OCT4s target the LIN28B nucleosome by forming multivalent interactions with nucleosomal motifs, unwrapping nucleosomal DNA, evicting H1, and cooperatively open closed chromatin to initiate cell reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifang Guan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Tengfei Lian
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Bing-Rui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Whiwon L, Salma S, Daniel A, Stephanie L, Marc C, Cherith S, Abby T, Angela S, Robin H, Yvonne B. Patient-facing digital tools for delivering genetic services: a systematic review. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1-10. [PMID: 36137613 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of digital genetics tools on patient care and system efficiencies. MEDLINE and Embase were searched for articles published between January 2010 and March 2021. Studies evaluating the use of patient-facing digital tools in the context of genetic service delivery were included. Two reviewers screened and extracted patient-reported and system-focused outcomes from each study. Data were synthesised using a descriptive approach. Of 3226 unique studies identified, 87 were included. A total of 70 unique digital tools were identified. As a result of using digital tools, 84% of studies reported a positive outcome in at least one of the following patient outcomes: knowledge, psychosocial well-being, behavioural/management changes, family communication, decision-making or level of engagement. Digital tools improved workflow and efficiency for providers and reduced the amount of time they needed to spend with patients. However, we identified a misalignment between study purpose and patient-reported outcomes measured and a lack of tools that encompass the entire genetic counselling and testing trajectory. Given increased demand for genetic services and the shift towards virtual care, this review provides evidence that digital tools can be used to efficiently deliver patient-centred care. Future research should prioritise development, evaluation and implementation of digital tools that can support the entire patient trajectory across a range of clinical settings. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020202862.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Whiwon
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shickh Salma
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Assamad Daniel
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luca Stephanie
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clausen Marc
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Somerville Cherith
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tafler Abby
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaw Angela
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hayeems Robin
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bombard Yvonne
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hammonds EF, Morrison EA. Nucleosome Core Particle Reconstitution with Recombinant Histones and Widom 601 DNA. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2599:177-190. [PMID: 36427150 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2847-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reconstitution of nucleosomes from recombinant histones and DNA is a widely used tool for studying nucleosome structure, dynamics, and interactions. Preparation of reconstituted nucleosomes allows for the study of nucleosomes with defined compositions. Here, we describe methods for refolding recombinant human histones, reconstituting nucleosome core particles with 147 bp Widom 601 DNA, and purification via sucrose gradient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin F Hammonds
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Emma A Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhong Y, Moghaddas Sani H, Paudel BP, Low JKK, Silva APG, Mueller S, Deshpande C, Panjikar S, Reid XJ, Bedward MJ, van Oijen AM, Mackay JP. The role of auxiliary domains in modulating CHD4 activity suggests mechanistic commonality between enzyme families. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7524. [PMID: 36473839 PMCID: PMC9726900 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD4 is an essential, widely conserved ATP-dependent translocase that is also a broad tumour dependency. In common with other SF2-family chromatin remodelling enzymes, it alters chromatin accessibility by repositioning histone octamers. Besides the helicase and adjacent tandem chromodomains and PHD domains, CHD4 features 1000 residues of N- and C-terminal sequence with unknown structure and function. We demonstrate that these regions regulate CHD4 activity through different mechanisms. An N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) promotes remodelling integrity in a manner that depends on the composition but not sequence of the IDR. The C-terminal region harbours an auto-inhibitory region that contacts the helicase domain. Auto-inhibition is relieved by a previously unrecognized C-terminal SANT-SLIDE domain split by ~150 residues of disordered sequence, most likely by binding of this domain to substrate DNA. Our data shed light on CHD4 regulation and reveal strong mechanistic commonality between CHD family members, as well as with ISWI-family remodellers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhong
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Hakimeh Moghaddas Sani
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Bishnu P. Paudel
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XMolecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia ,grid.510958.0Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Jason K. K. Low
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Ana P. G. Silva
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Stefan Mueller
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XMolecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia ,grid.510958.0Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Chandrika Deshpande
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Santosh Panjikar
- grid.248753.f0000 0004 0562 0567Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Xavier J. Reid
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Max J. Bedward
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Antoine M. van Oijen
- grid.1007.60000 0004 0486 528XMolecular Horizons, School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia ,grid.510958.0Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sokolova V, Sarkar S, Tan D. Histone variants and chromatin structure, update of advances. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:299-311. [PMID: 36582440 PMCID: PMC9764139 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone proteins are highly conserved among all eukaryotes. They have two important functions in the cell: to package the genomic DNA and to regulate gene accessibility. Fundamental to these functions is the ability of histone proteins to interact with DNA and to form the nucleoprotein complex called chromatin. One of the mechanisms the cells use to regulate chromatin and gene expression is through replacing canonical histones with their variants at specific loci to achieve functional consequence. Recent cryo-electron microscope (cryo-EM) studies of chromatin containing histone variants reveal new details that shed light on how variant-specific features influence the structures and functions of chromatin. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge on histone variants biochemistry and discuss the implication of these new structural information on histone variant biology and their functions in transcription.
Collapse
|
29
|
Structural basis of RNA polymerase II transcription on the chromatosome containing linker histone H1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7287. [PMID: 36435862 PMCID: PMC9701232 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In chromatin, linker histone H1 binds to nucleosomes, forming chromatosomes, and changes the transcription status. However, the mechanism by which RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcribes the DNA in the chromatosome has remained enigmatic. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of transcribing RNAPII-chromatosome complexes (forms I and II), in which RNAPII is paused at the entry linker DNA region of the chromatosome due to H1 binding. In the form I complex, the H1 bound to the nucleosome restricts the linker DNA orientation, and the exit linker DNA is captured by the RNAPII DNA binding cleft. In the form II complex, the RNAPII progresses a few bases ahead by releasing the exit linker DNA from the RNAPII cleft, and directly clashes with the H1 bound to the nucleosome. The transcription elongation factor Spt4/5 masks the RNAPII DNA binding region, and drastically reduces the H1-mediated RNAPII pausing.
Collapse
|
30
|
Takizawa Y, Kurumizaka H. Chromatin structure meets cryo-EM: Dynamic building blocks of the functional architecture. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194851. [PMID: 35952957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a dynamic molecular complex composed of DNA and proteins that package the DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. The basic structural unit of chromatin is the nucleosome core particle, composed of ~150 base pairs of genomic DNA wrapped around a histone octamer containing two copies each of four histones, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Individual nucleosome core particles are connected by short linker DNAs, forming a nucleosome array known as a beads-on-a-string fiber. Higher-order structures of chromatin are closely linked to nuclear events such as replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. Recently, a variety of chromatin structures have been determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET), and their structural details have provided clues about the chromatin architecture functions in the cell. In this review, we highlight recent cryo-EM structural studies of a fundamental chromatin unit to clarify the functions of chromatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Takizawa
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Doyle EJ, Morey L, Conway E. Know when to fold 'em: Polycomb complexes in oncogenic 3D genome regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:986319. [PMID: 36105358 PMCID: PMC9464936 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.986319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is spatially and temporally regulated through a series of orchestrated processes resulting in the formation of 3D chromatin structures such as topologically associating domains (TADs), loops and Polycomb Bodies. These structures are closely linked to transcriptional regulation, with loss of control of these processes a frequent feature of cancer and developmental syndromes. One such oncogenic disruption of the 3D genome is through recurrent dysregulation of Polycomb Group Complex (PcG) functions either through genetic mutations, amplification or deletion of genes that encode for PcG proteins. PcG complexes are evolutionarily conserved epigenetic complexes. They are key for early development and are essential transcriptional repressors. PcG complexes include PRC1, PRC2 and PR-DUB which are responsible for the control of the histone modifications H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3. The spatial distribution of the complexes within the nuclear environment, and their associated modifications have profound effects on the regulation of gene transcription and the 3D genome. Nevertheless, how PcG complexes regulate 3D chromatin organization is still poorly understood. Here we glean insights into the role of PcG complexes in 3D genome regulation and compaction, how these processes go awry during tumorigenesis and the therapeutic implications that result from our insights into these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Doyle
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lluis Morey
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eric Conway
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
FACT modulates the conformations of histone H2A and H2B N-terminal tails within nucleosomes. Commun Biol 2022; 5:814. [PMID: 35963897 PMCID: PMC9376062 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is regulated by the modification and accessibility of histone tails within nucleosomes. The histone chaperone FACT (facilitate chromatin transcription), comprising SPT16 and SSRP1, interacts with nucleosomes through partial replacement of DNA with the phosphorylated acidic intrinsically disordered (pAID) segment of SPT16; pAID induces an accessible conformation of the proximal histone H3 N-terminal tail (N-tail) in the unwrapped nucleosome with FACT. Here, we use NMR to probe the histone H2A and H2B tails in the unwrapped nucleosome. Consequently, both the H2A and H2B N-tails on the pAID-proximal side bind to pAID with robust interactions, which are important for nucleosome assembly with FACT. Furthermore, the conformations of these N-tails on the distal DNA-contact site are altered from those in the canonical nucleosome. Our findings highlight that FACT both proximally and distally regulates the conformations of the H2A and H2B N-tails in the asymmetrically unwrapped nucleosome.
Collapse
|
33
|
Tsunaka Y, Furukawa A, Nishimura Y. Histone tail network and modulation in a nucleosome. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2022; 75:102436. [PMID: 35863166 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The structural unit of eukaryotic chromatin is a nucleosome, comprising two histone H2A/H2B heterodimers and one histone (H3/H4)2 tetramer, wrapped around by ∼146-bp core DNA and linker DNA. Flexible histone tails sticking out from the core undergo posttranslational modifications that are responsible for various epigenetic functions. Recently, the functional dynamics of histone tails and their modulation within the nucleosome and nucleosomal complexes have been investigated by integrating NMR, molecular dynamics simulations, and cryo-electron microscopy approaches. In particular, recent NMR studies have revealed correlations in the structures of histone N-terminal tails between H2A and H2B, as well as between H3 and H4 depending on linker DNA, suggesting that histone tail networks exist even within the nucleosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Tsunaka
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Furukawa
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Papin A, Cesarman E, Melnick A. 3D chromosomal architecture in germinal center B cells and its alterations in lymphomagenesis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 74:101915. [PMID: 35550952 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is three dimensionally (3D) organized with DNA interaction dynamics and topology changes that regulate gene expression and drive cell fate. Upon antigen stimulation, naive B cells are activated and form germinal centers (GC) for the generation of memory B cells and plasma cells. Thereby, terminal B-cell differentiation and associated humoral immune response require massive but rigorous 3D DNA reorganization. Here, we review the dynamics of genome reorganization during GC formation and the impact of its alterations on lymphomagenesis from the nucleosome structure to the higher order chromosome organization. We particularly discuss the identified architects of 3D DNA in GC B cells and the role of their mutations in B-cell lymphomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonin Papin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hao F, Mishra LN, Jaya P, Jones R, Hayes JJ. Identification and Analysis of Six Phosphorylation Sites Within the Xenopus laevis Linker Histone H1.0 C-Terminal Domain Indicate Distinct Effects on Nucleosome Structure. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100250. [PMID: 35618225 PMCID: PMC9243160 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key structural component of the chromatin of higher eukaryotes, linker histones (H1s) are involved in stabilizing the folding of extended nucleosome arrays into higher-order chromatin structures and function as a gene-specific regulator of transcription in vivo. The H1 C-terminal domain (CTD) is essential for high-affinity binding of linker histones to chromatin and stabilization of higher-order chromatin structure. Importantly, the H1 CTD is an intrinsically disordered domain that undergoes a drastic condensation upon binding to nucleosomes. Moreover, although phosphorylation is a prevalent post-translational modification within the H1 CTD, exactly where this modification is installed and how phosphorylation influences the structure of the H1 CTD remains unclear for many H1s. Using novel mass spectrometry techniques, we identified six phosphorylation sites within the CTD of the archetypal linker histone Xenopus H1.0. We then analyzed nucleosome-dependent CTD condensation and H1-dependent linker DNA organization for H1.0 in which the phosphorylated serine residues were replaced by glutamic acid residues (phosphomimics) in six independent mutants. We find that phosphomimetics at residues S117E, S155E, S181E, S188E, and S192E resulted in a significant reduction in nucleosome-bound H1.0 CTD condensation compared with unphosphorylated H1.0, whereas S130E did not alter CTD structure. Furthermore, we found distinct effects among the phosphomimetics on H1-dependent linker DNA trajectory, indicating unique mechanisms by which this modification can influence H1 CTD condensation. These results bring to light a novel role for linker histone phosphorylation in directly altering the structure of nucleosome-bound H1 and a potential novel mechanism for its effects on chromatin structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Hao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Laxmi N Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Prasoon Jaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey J Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dombrowski M, Engeholm M, Dienemann C, Dodonova S, Cramer P. Histone H1 binding to nucleosome arrays depends on linker DNA length and trajectory. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:493-501. [PMID: 35581345 PMCID: PMC9113941 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00768-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the genome, nucleosomes often form regular arrays that differ in nucleosome repeat length (NRL), occupancy of linker histone H1 and transcriptional activity. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of human H1-containing tetranucleosome arrays with four physiologically relevant NRLs. The structures show a zig-zag arrangement of nucleosomes, with nucleosomes 1 and 3 forming a stack. H1 binding to stacked nucleosomes depends on the NRL, whereas H1 always binds to the non-stacked nucleosomes 2 and 4. Short NRLs lead to altered trajectories of linker DNA, and these altered trajectories sterically impair H1 binding to the stacked nucleosomes in our structures. As the NRL increases, linker DNA trajectories relax, enabling H1 contacts and binding. Our results provide an explanation for why arrays with short NRLs are depleted of H1 and suited for transcription, whereas arrays with long NRLs show full H1 occupancy and can form transcriptionally silent heterochromatin regions. Cryo-EM structures of human H1-containing tetranucleosome arrays with distinct, physiological nucleosome repeat lengths reveal that nucleosomes assume a zig-zag arrangement and H1 binds to stacked nucleosomes with longer linker DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dombrowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maik Engeholm
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dienemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Dodonova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany. .,Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Cramer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leicher R, Osunsade A, Chua GNL, Faulkner SC, Latham AP, Watters JW, Nguyen T, Beckwitt EC, Christodoulou-Rubalcava S, Young PG, Zhang B, David Y, Liu S. Single-stranded nucleic acid binding and coacervation by linker histone H1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:463-471. [PMID: 35484234 PMCID: PMC9117509 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The H1 linker histone family is the most abundant group of eukaryotic chromatin-binding proteins. However, their contribution to chromosome structure and function remains incompletely understood. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence and force microscopy to directly visualize the behavior of H1 on various nucleic acid and nucleosome substrates. We observe that H1 coalesces around single-stranded DNA generated from tension-induced DNA duplex melting. Using a droplet fusion assay controlled by optical tweezers, we find that single-stranded nucleic acids mediate the formation of gel-like H1 droplets, whereas H1-double-stranded DNA and H1-nucleosome droplets are more liquid-like. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that multivalent and transient engagement of H1 with unpaired DNA strands drives their enhanced phase separation. Using eGFP-tagged H1, we demonstrate that inducing single-stranded DNA accumulation in cells causes an increase in H1 puncta that are able to fuse. We further show that H1 and Replication Protein A occupy separate nuclear regions, but that H1 colocalizes with the replication factor Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, particularly after DNA damage. Overall, our results provide a refined perspective on the diverse roles of H1 in genome organization and maintenance, and indicate its involvement at stalled replication forks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Leicher
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adewola Osunsade
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriella N L Chua
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah C Faulkner
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew P Latham
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John W Watters
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuan Nguyen
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily C Beckwitt
- Laboratory of DNA Replication, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Paul G Young
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yael David
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA.
- Chemical Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY, USA.
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shixin Liu
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Biophysics and Biochemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, NY, USA.
- Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shi X, Zhai Z, Chen Y, Li J, Nordenskiöld L. Recent Advances in Investigating Functional Dynamics of Chromatin. Front Genet 2022; 13:870640. [PMID: 35450211 PMCID: PMC9017861 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.870640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics spanning the picosecond-minute time domain and the atomic-subcellular spatial window have been observed for chromatin in vitro and in vivo. The condensed organization of chromatin in eukaryotic cells prevents regulatory factors from accessing genomic DNA, which requires dynamic stabilization and destabilization of structure to initiate downstream DNA activities. Those processes are achieved through altering conformational and dynamic properties of nucleosomes and nucleosome–protein complexes, of which delineating the atomistic pictures is essential to understand the mechanisms of chromatin regulation. In this review, we summarize recent progress in determining chromatin dynamics and their modulations by a number of factors including post-translational modifications (PTMs), incorporation of histone variants, and binding of effector proteins. We focus on experimental observations obtained using high-resolution techniques, primarily including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and discuss the elucidated dynamics in the context of functional response and relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Shi
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwei Zhai
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinglu Chen
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jindi Li
- Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lars Nordenskiöld
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Burge N, Thuma JL, Hong ZZ, Jamison KB, Ottesen JJ, Poirier MG. H1.0 C Terminal Domain Is Integral for Altering Transcription Factor Binding within Nucleosomes. Biochemistry 2022; 61:625-638. [PMID: 35377618 PMCID: PMC9022651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The linker histone H1 is a highly prevalent protein that compacts chromatin and regulates DNA accessibility and transcription. However, the mechanisms behind H1 regulation of transcription factor (TF) binding within nucleosomes are not well understood. Using in vitro fluorescence assays, we positioned fluorophores throughout human H1 and the nucleosome, then monitored the distance changes between H1 and the histone octamer, H1 and nucleosomal DNA, or nucleosomal DNA and the histone octamer to monitor the H1 movement during TF binding. We found that H1 remains bound to the nucleosome dyad, while the C terminal domain (CTD) releases the linker DNA during nucleosome partial unwrapping and TF binding. In addition, mutational studies revealed that a small 16 amino acid region at the beginning of the H1 CTD is largely responsible for altering nucleosome wrapping and regulating TF binding within nucleosomes. We then investigated physiologically relevant post-translational modifications (PTMs) in human H1 by preparing fully synthetic H1 using convergent hybrid phase native chemical ligation. Both individual PTMs and combinations of phosphorylation and citrullination of H1 had no detectable influence on nucleosome binding and nucleosome wrapping, and had only a minor impact on H1 regulation of TF occupancy within nucleosomes. This suggests that these H1 PTMs function by other mechanisms. Our results highlight the importance of the H1 CTD, in particular, the first 16 amino acids, in regulating nucleosome linker DNA dynamics and TF binding within the nucleosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel
L. Burge
- Ohio
State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jenna L. Thuma
- Department
of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Ziyong Z. Hong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kevin B. Jamison
- Department
of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jennifer J. Ottesen
- Ohio
State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Michael G. Poirier
- Ohio
State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio
State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou K, Gebala M, Woods D, Sundararajan K, Edwards G, Krzizike D, Wereszczynski J, Straight AF, Luger K. CENP-N promotes the compaction of centromeric chromatin. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:403-413. [PMID: 35422519 PMCID: PMC9010303 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The histone variant CENP-A is the epigenetic determinant for the centromere, where it is interspersed with canonical H3 to form a specialized chromatin structure that nucleates the kinetochore. How nucleosomes at the centromere arrange into higher order structures is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the human CENP-A-interacting protein CENP-N promotes the stacking of CENP-A-containing mononucleosomes and nucleosomal arrays through a previously undefined interaction between the α6 helix of CENP-N with the DNA of a neighboring nucleosome. We describe the cryo-EM structures and biophysical characterization of such CENP-N-mediated nucleosome stacks and nucleosomal arrays and demonstrate that this interaction is responsible for the formation of densely packed chromatin at the centromere in the cell. Our results provide first evidence that CENP-A, together with CENP-N, promotes specific chromatin higher order structure at the centromere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keda Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Magdalena Gebala
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dustin Woods
- Department of Chemistry and the Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Garrett Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dan Krzizike
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jeff Wereszczynski
- Department of Physics and the Center for Molecular Study of Condensed Soft Matter, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron F Straight
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Musselman CA, Kutateladze TG. Visualizing Conformational Ensembles of the Nucleosome by NMR. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:495-502. [PMID: 35196453 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of chromatin not only compacts the eukaryotic genome into the nucleus but also provides a mechanism for the regulation of all DNA templated processes. Spatial and temporal modulation of the chromatin structure is critical in such regulation and involves fine-tuned functioning of the basic subunit of chromatin, the nucleosome. It has become apparent that the nucleosome is an inherently dynamic system, but characterization of these dynamics at the atomic level has remained challenging. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating the conformational ensemble and dynamics of proteins and protein complexes, and recent advances have made the study of large systems possible. Here, we review recent studies which utilize NMR spectroscopy to uncover the atomic level conformation and dynamics of the nucleosome and provide a better understanding of the importance of these dynamics in key regulatory events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Musselman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Furukawa A, Wakamori M, Arimura Y, Ohtomo H, Tsunaka Y, Kurumizaka H, Umehara T, Nishimura Y. Characteristic H3 N-tail dynamics in the nucleosome core particle, nucleosome, and chromatosome. iScience 2022; 25:103937. [PMID: 35265811 PMCID: PMC8898912 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleosome core particle (NCP) comprises a histone octamer, wrapped around by ∼146-bp DNA, while the nucleosome additionally contains linker DNA. We previously showed that, in the nucleosome, H4 N-tail acetylation enhances H3 N-tail acetylation by altering their mutual dynamics. Here, we have evaluated the roles of linker DNA and/or linker histone on H3 N-tail dynamics and acetylation by using the NCP and the chromatosome (i.e., linker histone H1.4-bound nucleosome). In contrast to the nucleosome, H3 N-tail acetylation and dynamics are greatly suppressed in the NCP regardless of H4 N-tail acetylation because the H3 N-tail is strongly bound between two DNA gyres. In the chromatosome, the asymmetric H3 N-tail adopts two conformations: one contacts two DNA gyres, as in the NCP; and one contacts linker DNA, as in the nucleosome. However, the rate of H3 N-tail acetylation is similar in the chromatosome and nucleosome. Thus, linker DNA and linker histone both regulate H3-tail dynamics and acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Furukawa
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Wakamori
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Arimura
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ohtomo
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsunaka
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kurumizaka
- Laboratory of Chromatin Structure and Function, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory for Epigenetics Drug Discovery, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishimura
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8258, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rizzuti B. Molecular simulations of proteins: From simplified physical interactions to complex biological phenomena. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2022; 1870:140757. [PMID: 35051666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2022.140757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is the most popular computational technique for investigating the structural and dynamical behaviour of proteins, in search of the molecular basis of their function. Far from being a completely settled field of research, simulations are still evolving to best capture the essential features of the atomic interactions that govern a protein's inner motions. Modern force fields are becoming increasingly accurate in providing a physical description adequate to this purpose, and allow us to model complex biological systems under fairly realistic conditions. Furthermore, the use of accelerated sampling techniques is improving our access to the observation of progressively larger molecular structures, longer time scales, and more hidden functional events. In this review, the basic principles of molecular dynamics simulations and a number of key applications in the area of protein science are summarized, and some of the most important results are discussed. Examples include the study of the structure, dynamics and binding properties of 'difficult' targets, such as intrinsically disordered proteins and membrane receptors, and the investigation of challenging phenomena like hydration-driven processes and protein aggregation. The findings described provide an overall picture of the current state of this research field, and indicate new perspectives on the road ahead to the upcoming future of molecular simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rizzuti
- CNR-NANOTEC, SS Rende (CS), Department of Physics, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Joint Unit GBsC-CSIC-BIFI, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Martinsen JH, Saar D, Fernandes CB, Schuler B, Bugge K, Kragelund BB. Structure, Dynamics and Stability of the Globular Domain of Human Linker Histone H1.0 and the Role of Positive Charges. Protein Sci 2022; 31:918-932. [PMID: 35066947 PMCID: PMC8927875 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Linker histone H1 (H1) is an abundant chromatin‐binding protein that acts as an epigenetic regulator binding to nucleosomes and altering chromatin structures and dynamics. Nonetheless, the mechanistic details of its function remain poorly understood. Recent work suggest that the number and position of charged side chains on the globular domain (GD) of H1 influence chromatin structure and hence gene repression. Here, we solved the solution structure of the unbound GD of human H1.0, revealing that the structure is almost completely unperturbed by complex formation, except for a loop connecting two antiparallel β‐strands. We further quantified the role of the many positive charges of the GD for its structure and conformational stability through the analysis of 11 charge variants. We find that modulating the number of charges has little effect on the structure, but the stability is affected, resulting in a difference in melting temperature of 26 K between GD of net charge +5 versus +13. This result suggests that the large number of positive charges on H1‐GDs have evolved for function rather than structure and high stability. The stabilization of the GD upon binding to DNA can thus be expected to have a pronounced electrostatic component, a contribution that is amenable to modulation by posttranslational modifications, especially acetylation and phosphorylation. PDB Code(s): 6hq1;
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H Martinsen
- REPIN and the Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-.2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniel Saar
- REPIN and the Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-.2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Catarina B Fernandes
- REPIN and the Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-.2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Schuler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrine Bugge
- REPIN and the Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-.2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birthe B Kragelund
- REPIN and the Structural Biology and NMR Laboratory, The Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-.2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Soshnev AA, Allis CD, Cesarman E, Melnick AM. Histone H1 Mutations in Lymphoma: A Link(er) between Chromatin Organization, Developmental Reprogramming, and Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6061-6070. [PMID: 34580064 PMCID: PMC8678342 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant cell fate decisions due to transcriptional misregulation are central to malignant transformation. Histones are the major constituents of chromatin, and mutations in histone-encoding genes are increasingly recognized as drivers of oncogenic transformation. Mutations in linker histone H1 genes were recently identified as drivers of peripheral lymphoid malignancy. Loss of H1 in germinal center B cells results in widespread chromatin decompaction, redistribution of core histone modifications, and reactivation of stem cell-specific transcriptional programs. This review explores how linker histones and mutations therein regulate chromatin structure, highlighting reciprocal relationships between epigenetic circuits, and discusses the emerging role of aberrant three-dimensional chromatin architecture in malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Soshnev
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.
| | - C David Allis
- Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Ethel Cesarman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Peng Y, Li S, Onufriev A, Landsman D, Panchenko AR. Binding of regulatory proteins to nucleosomes is modulated by dynamic histone tails. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5280. [PMID: 34489435 PMCID: PMC8421395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the roles of histone tails in modulating nucleosomal DNA accessibility and its recognition by other macromolecules. Here we generate extensive atomic level conformational ensembles of histone tails in the context of the full nucleosome, totaling 65 microseconds of molecular dynamics simulations. We observe rapid conformational transitions between tail bound and unbound states, and characterize kinetic and thermodynamic properties of histone tail-DNA interactions. Different histone types exhibit distinct binding modes to specific DNA regions. Using a comprehensive set of experimental nucleosome complexes, we find that the majority of them target mutually exclusive regions with histone tails on nucleosomal/linker DNA around the super-helical locations ± 1, ± 2, and ± 7, and histone tails H3 and H4 contribute most to this process. These findings are explained within competitive binding and tail displacement models. Finally, we demonstrate the crosstalk between different histone tail post-translational modifications and mutations; those which change charge, suppress tail-DNA interactions and enhance histone tail dynamics and DNA accessibility. The intrinsic disorder of histone tails poses challenges in their characterization. Here the authors apply extensive molecular dynamics simulations of the full nucleosome to show reversible binding to DNA with specific binding modes of different types of histone tails, where charge-altering modifications suppress tail-DNA interactions and may boost interactions between nucleosomes and nucleosome-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Peng
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuxiang Li
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alexey Onufriev
- Physics Department, Virginia Tech, VA, USA.,Computer Science Department, Virginia Tech, VA, USA.,Center for Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Virginia Tech, VA, USA
| | - David Landsman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna R Panchenko
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Shen CH, Allan J. MNase Digestion Protection Patterns of the Linker DNA in Chromatosomes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092239. [PMID: 34571888 PMCID: PMC8469290 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The compact nucleosomal structure limits DNA accessibility and regulates DNA-dependent cellular activities. Linker histones bind to nucleosomes and compact nucleosomal arrays into a higher-order chromatin structure. Recent developments in high throughput technologies and structural computational studies provide nucleosome positioning at a high resolution and contribute to the information of linker histone location within a chromatosome. However, the precise linker histone location within the chromatin fibre remains unclear. Using monomer extension, we mapped core particle and chromatosomal positions over a core histone-reconstituted, 1.5 kb stretch of DNA from the chicken adult β-globin gene, after titration with linker histones and linker histone globular domains. Our results show that, although linker histone globular domains and linker histones display a wide variation in their binding affinity for different positioned nucleosomes, they do not alter nucleosome positions or generate new nucleosome positions. Furthermore, the extra ~20 bp of DNA protected in a chromatosome is usually symmetrically distributed at each end of the core particle, suggesting linker histones or linker histone globular domains are located close to the nucleosomal dyad axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hui Shen
- Biology Department, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, 2800 Victory Boulevard, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Biochemistry and Biology Ph.D. Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Macromolecular Assemblies, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-982-3998; Fax: +1-718-982-3852
| | - James Allan
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Choppakatla P, Dekker B, Cutts EE, Vannini A, Dekker J, Funabiki H. Linker histone H1.8 inhibits chromatin binding of condensins and DNA topoisomerase II to tune chromosome length and individualization. eLife 2021; 10:e68918. [PMID: 34406118 PMCID: PMC8416026 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA loop extrusion by condensins and decatenation by DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) are thought to drive mitotic chromosome compaction and individualization. Here, we reveal that the linker histone H1.8 antagonizes condensins and topo II to shape mitotic chromosome organization. In vitro chromatin reconstitution experiments demonstrate that H1.8 inhibits binding of condensins and topo II to nucleosome arrays. Accordingly, H1.8 depletion in Xenopus egg extracts increased condensins and topo II levels on mitotic chromatin. Chromosome morphology and Hi-C analyses suggest that H1.8 depletion makes chromosomes thinner and longer through shortening the average loop size and reducing the DNA amount in each layer of mitotic loops. Furthermore, excess loading of condensins and topo II to chromosomes by H1.8 depletion causes hyper-chromosome individualization and dispersion. We propose that condensins and topo II are essential for chromosome individualization, but their functions are tuned by the linker histone to keep chromosomes together until anaphase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Choppakatla
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Bastiaan Dekker
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Erin E Cutts
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Vannini
- Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
- Fondazione Human Technopole, Structural Biology Research Centre, 20157MilanItaly
| | - Job Dekker
- Program in Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Hironori Funabiki
- Laboratory of Chromosome and Cell Biology, The Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
In this review, Prendergast and Reinberg discuss the likelihood that the family of histone H1 variants may be key to understanding several fundamental processes in chromatin biology and underscore their particular contributions to distinctly significant chromatin-related processes. Major advances in the chromatin and epigenetics fields have uncovered the importance of core histones, histone variants and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) in modulating chromatin structure. However, an acutely understudied related feature of chromatin structure is the role of linker histone H1. Previous assumptions of the functional redundancy of the 11 nonallelic H1 variants are contrasted by their strong evolutionary conservation, variability in their potential PTMs, and increased reports of their disparate functions, sub-nuclear localizations and unique expression patterns in different cell types. The commonly accepted notion that histone H1 functions solely in chromatin compaction and transcription repression is now being challenged by work from multiple groups. These studies highlight histone H1 variants as underappreciated facets of chromatin dynamics that function independently in various chromatin-based processes. In this review, we present notable findings involving the individual somatic H1 variants of which there are seven, underscoring their particular contributions to distinctly significant chromatin-related processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Prendergast
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Danny Reinberg
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical School, New York, New York 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Saha A, Dalal Y. A glitch in the snitch: the role of linker histone H1 in shaping the epigenome in normal and diseased cells. Open Biol 2021; 11:210124. [PMID: 34343462 PMCID: PMC8331230 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H1s or the linker histones are a family of dynamic chromatin compacting proteins that are essential for higher-order chromatin organization. These highly positively charged proteins were previously thought to function solely as repressors of transcription. However, over the last decade, there is a growing interest in understanding this multi-protein family, finding that not all variants act as repressors. Indeed, the H1 family members appear to have distinct affinities for chromatin and may potentially affect distinct functions. This would suggest a more nuanced contribution of H1 to chromatin organization. The advent of new technologies to probe H1 dynamics in vivo, combined with powerful computational biology, and in vitro imaging tools have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the mechanisms by which H1 interacts with chromatin. This family of proteins can be metaphorically compared to the Golden Snitch from the Harry Potter series, buzzing on and off several regions of the chromatin, in combat with competing transcription factors and chromatin remodellers, thereby critical to the epigenetic endgame on short and long temporal scales in the life of the nucleus. Here, we summarize recent efforts spanning structural, computational, genomic and genetic experiments which examine the linker histone as an unseen architect of chromatin fibre in normal and diseased cells and explore unanswered fundamental questions in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saha
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yamini Dalal
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|