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Siroski PA, María Soledad MB. Review of the Recent Knowledge on the Crocodilian Immune System. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-19-00093.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Siroski
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Moleón Barsani María Soledad
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Cambio Climático, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Meng XZ, Wang ST, Xu XY, Dang YF, Zhang M, Zhang JH, Wang RQ, Shen Y, Li JL. Identification, characterization, and immunological analysis of complement component 4 from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:527-536. [PMID: 32599058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Complement component 4 (C4) has critical immunological functions in vertebrates. In the current study, a C4 homolog (gcC4) was identified in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The full-length 5458 bp gcC4 cDNA contained a 5148 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 1715 amino acids with a signal peptide and eight conservative domains. The gcC4 protein has a high level of identity with other fish C4 counterparts and is phylogenetically clustered with cyprinid fish C4. The gcC4 transcript shows wide tissue distribution and is inducible by Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, its expression also fluctuates upon lipopolysaccharide or flagellin stimulation in vitro. During infection, the gcC4 protein level decreases or increases to varying degrees, and the intrahepatic C4 expression location changes. With gcC4 overexpression, interleukin 1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon transcripts are all upregulated by A. hydrophila infection. Meanwhile, overexpression of gcC4 reduces bacterial invasion or proliferation. Moreover, gcC4 may activate the NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the vital role of gcC4 in the innate immunity of grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shen-Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yun-Fei Dang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rong-Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, 215225, China
| | - YuBang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
| | - Jia-Le Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Meng X, Shen Y, Wang S, Xu X, Dang Y, Zhang M, Li L, Zhang J, Wang R, Li J. Complement component 3 (C3): An important role in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) experimentally exposed to Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:189-197. [PMID: 30826411 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Complement is traditionally recognized as part of the innate immune system, defending the host against the invasion of foreign pathogens. In complement system, C3 (complement component 3) is a central component. Therefore, research into C3 can help us better understand the functions of fish complement system. In this study, we detected the grass carp C3 (gcC3) mRNA expression in all sample tissues from healthy grass carp, which was highest in the liver, followed by the heart and the spleen, and lowest in the muscle, head kidney, trunk kidney, blood and intestine. After infection with Aeromonas hydrophila, gcC3 mRNA expression levels were significantly upregulated in the gill, liver, spleen, intestine, trunk kidney and head kidney. Interestingly, C3 protein levels were downregulated and subsequently upregulated in the liver and serum. Histologically, C3 protein at 24 h pi was over expressed in necrotic liver sites, and the liver index (LI) at this point was significantly higher than that of the control. These findings are indicated that C3 plays an important role in the immune response of grass carp after A. hydrophila infection, and C3 protein may play an assistant role in repairing liver tissues from A. hydrophila injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shentong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfei Dang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisen Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Conventional Freshwater Fish Breeding and Health Culture Technology Germplasm Resources, Suzhou Shenhang Eco-technology Development Limited Company, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Holers VM. The complement system in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Qu H, Magotti P, Ricklin D, Wu EL, Kourtzelis I, Wu YQ, Kaznessis YN, Lambris JD. Novel analogues of the therapeutic complement inhibitor compstatin with significantly improved affinity and potency. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:481-9. [PMID: 21067811 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compstatin is a 13-residue disulfide-bridged peptide that inhibits a key step in the activation of the human complement system. Compstatin and its derivatives have shown great promise for the treatment of many clinical disorders associated with unbalanced complement activity. To obtain more potent compstatin analogues, we have now performed an N-methylation scan of the peptide backbone and amino acid substitutions at position 13. One analogue (Ac-I[CVW(Me)QDW-Sar-AHRC](NMe)I-NH(2)) displayed a 1000-fold increase in both potency (IC(50) = 62 nM) and binding affinity for C3b (K(D) = 2.3 nM) over that of the original compstatin. Biophysical analysis using surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry suggests that the improved binding originates from more favorable free conformation and stronger hydrophobic interactions. This study provides a series of significantly improved drug leads for therapeutic applications in complement-related diseases, and offers new insights into the structure-activity relationships of compstatin analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Strey CW, Siegmund B, Rosenblum S, Marquez-Pinilla RM, Oppermann E, Huber-Lang M, Lambris JD, Bechstein WO. Complement and neutrophil function changes after liver resection in humans. World J Surg 2010; 33:2635-43. [PMID: 19789912 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-009-0209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement activation contributes to the regulation of liver regeneration after liver resection (LR) in mice. METHODS We hypothesized that complement activation and changes in C5a-receptors (C5aR, C5L2) on polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes are important in clinical LR. Anaphylatoxin and C5b9 plasma levels were measured (bead-array, ELISA) (25 patients) and receptor expression was assessed after LR (19 patients) (FACS). In vitro PMN C5a-dependent chemotactic response (7 patients) as well as L-selectin shedding and Mac-1 expression (3 patients) was determined. RESULTS C3a increased after LR (31.1 +/- 4 before LR vs. 41.6 +/- 5 ng/ml, 30 min after LR, P < 0.01), as did C5b9 (12.7 +/- 1 before LR vs. 26.9 +/- 3 ng/ml, 60 min after LR, P < 0.001). C4a and C5a decreased after LR, by 25% 24 h after LR and 30% 2 h after LR, respectively (P < 0.01). C5L2 expression decreased at 4 h, rising at 24 h after LR (PMN: 6.3 +/- 1 before LR, 3.1 +/- 1, 4 h, 8.3 +/- 2, 24 h; P < 0.01). The receptor-related changes accompanied a diminished C5a-dependent chemotactic response by PMN (42.1 +/- 17 before LR vs. 2.1 +/- 3 4 h after LR; P < 0.01) and a reduction of activation upon C5a-R stimulation as measured by L-selectin shedding and Mac-1 expression on PMN. Changes in C5L2 expression on monocytes paralleled postoperative impairment of liver function. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that complement components are released after clinical LR and subsequently PMN display altered C5a-dependent functional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Werner Strey
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Medical School, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.
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Qu H, Ricklin D, Lambris JD. Recent developments in low molecular weight complement inhibitors. Mol Immunol 2009; 47:185-95. [PMID: 19800693 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As a key part of the innate immune system, complement plays an important role not only in defending against invading pathogens but also in many other biological processes. Inappropriate or excessive activation of complement has been linked to many autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as ischemia-reperfusion injury and cancer. A wide array of low molecular weight complement inhibitors has been developed to target various components of the complement cascade. Their efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments. Though none of these inhibitors has reached the market so far, some of them have entered clinical trials and displayed promising results. This review provides a brief overview of the currently developed low molecular weight complement inhibitors, including short peptides and synthetic small molecules, with an emphasis on those targeting components C1 and C3, and the anaphylatoxin receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchang Qu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 401 Stellar Chance, 422 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Tenner AJ, Fonseca MI. The Double-Edged Flower: Roles of Complement Protein C1q in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 586:153-76. [PMID: 16893071 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-34134-x_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A role for the complement cascade in AD neuropathology was hypothesized over a decade ago, and the results of a significant number of in vitro studies are consistent with the involvement of this pathway in AD pathogenesis (reviewed in). Since C1q is colocalized with thioflavine-positive plaques and the C5b-9 complement membrane attack complex is detected in AD brain at autopsy, it is reasonable to hypothesize that complement activation has a role in the manifestation of AD either by its lytic capacity or as a trigger of glial infiltration and initiation of potentially damaging inflammation. The observed diminished glial activation and reduced loss of neuronal integrity in a murine model overexpressing mutant human APP but lacking the ability to activate the classical complement cascade provide the first direct evidence for a detrimental role of C1q, and presumably activation of the classical complement pathway in an animal model of AD. Research is now focused on generating mouse models that more closely mimic the human disease, so that the role of complement activation and inflammation on the behavioral/learning and memory dysfunction that occurs in this disease can be assessed. In addition, candidate therapies such as targeted inhibition of complement activation will need to be tested in these animal models as a step toward treatment of humans with the disease. However, it is important that the potential for a protective effect of C1q early on in disease progression should not be overlooked. Rather, strategies that enhance or mimic the protective effects of C1q as well as strategies that inhibit the detrimental processes should be fully investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Immunology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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