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Cruz T, Agudelo Garcia PA, Chamucero-Millares JA, Bondonese A, Mitash N, Sembrat J, Tabib T, Zhang W, Seyed N, Peters V, Stacey S, Vignali D, Mora AL, Lafyatis R, Rojas M. End-Stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung Microenvironment Promotes Impaired NK Activity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1073-1081. [PMID: 37566492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic age-related chronic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells. Whether impaired immune response is responsible for the accumulation of senescent cells in the IPF lung remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the NK phenotype in IPF lungs via flow cytometry using 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside, markers of tissue residence, and chemokine receptors. The effect of the lung microenvironment was evaluated using lung fibroblast (LF) conditioned media (CM), and the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was used to assess the in vivo relationship between NK cells and the accumulation of senescent cells. We found that NK cells from the lower lobe of IPF patients exhibited immune-senescent and impaired CD57-NKG2A+ phenotype. We also observed that culture of NK cells from healthy donors in CM from IPF lower lobe lung fibroblasts induced a senescent-like phenotype and impaired cytotoxic capacity. There is an impaired NK recruitment by LF, and NKs presented decreased migration toward their CM. In addition, NK cell-depleted mice treated with bleomycin showed increased collagen deposition and accumulation of different populations of senescent cells compared with controls. The IPF lung microenvironment induces a dysfunctional NK phenotype limiting the clearance of lung senescent cells and the resolution of lung fibrosis. We propose that impaired NK activity could be one of the mechanisms responsible for perpetuating the accumulation of senescent cells in IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cruz
- Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula A Agudelo Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Anna Bondonese
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nilay Mitash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nouraie Seyed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Victor Peters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean Stacey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Transplant Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Dario Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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2
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Wahle BM, Zolkind P, Ramirez RJ, Skidmore ZL, Anderson SR, Mazul A, Hayes DN, Sandulache VC, Thorstad WL, Adkins D, Griffith OL, Griffith M, Zevallos JP. Integrative genomic analysis reveals low T-cell infiltration as the primary feature of tobacco use in HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104216. [PMID: 35494251 PMCID: PMC9044176 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although tobacco use is an independent adverse prognostic feature in HPV(+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), the biologic features associated with tobacco use have not been systematically investigated. We characterized genomic and immunologic features associated with tobacco use through whole exome sequencing, mRNA hybridization, and immunohistochemical staining in 47 HPV(+) OPSCC tumors. Low expression of transcripts in a T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (TGEP) was associated with tobacco use at diagnosis and lower overall and disease-free survival. Tobacco use was associated with an increased proportion of T > C substitutions and a lower proportion of expected mutational signatures, but not with increases in mutational burden or recurrent oncogenic mutations. Our findings suggest that rather than increased mutational burden, tobacco's primary and clinically relevant association in HPV(+) OPSCC is immunosuppression of the tumor immune microenvironment. Quantitative assays of T cell infiltration merit further study as prognostic markers in HPV(+) OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Wahle
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul Zolkind
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ricardo J. Ramirez
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zachary L. Skidmore
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Sydney R. Anderson
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Angela Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D. Neil Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- ENT Section, Operative Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Wade L. Thorstad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Douglas Adkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Obi L. Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Malachi Griffith
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jose P. Zevallos
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8115, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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3
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Harnessing Natural Killer Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040605. [PMID: 35203256 PMCID: PMC8869885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. There are two main subtypes: small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC accounts for 85% of lung cancer diagnoses. Early lung cancer very often has no specific symptoms, and many patients present with late stage disease. Despite the various treatments currently available, many patients experience tumor relapse or develop therapeutic resistance, highlighting the need for more effective therapies. The development of immunotherapies has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape by enhancing the body’s own immune system to fight cancer. Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial anti-tumor immune cells, and their exclusion from the tumor microenvironment is associated with poorer survival. It is well established that NK cell frequencies and functions are impaired in NSCLC; thus, placing NK cell-based immunotherapies as a desirable therapeutic concept for this malignancy. Immunotherapies such as checkpoint inhibitors are transforming outcomes for NSCLC. This review explores the current treatment landscape for NSCLC, the role of NK cells and their dysfunction in the cancer setting, the advancement of NK cell therapies, and their future utility in NSCLC.
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4
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Hess JB, Sutherland KD, Best SA. Exploring natural killer cell immunology as a therapeutic strategy in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2788-2805. [PMID: 34295678 PMCID: PMC8264324 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic immune cells are key in the control of tumor development and progression. Natural killer (NK) cells are the cytotoxic arm of the innate immune system with the capability to kill tumor cells and surveil tumor cell dissemination. As such, the interest in harnessing NK cells in tumor control is increasing in many solid tumor types, including lung cancer. Here, we review the pre-clinical models used to unveil the role of NK cells in immunosurveillance of solid tumors and highlight measures to enhance NK cell activity. Importantly, the development of NK immunotherapy is rapidly evolving. Enhancing the NK cell response can be achieved using two broad modalities: enhancing endogenous NK cell activity, or performing adoptive transfer of pre-activated NK cells to patients. Numerous clinical trials are evaluating the efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy in isolation or in combination with standard treatments, with encouraging initial results. Pre-clinical studies and early phase clinical trials suggest that patients with solid tumors, including lung cancer, have the potential to benefit from recent developments in NK cell immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas B Hess
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate D Sutherland
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah A Best
- ACRF Cancer Biology and Stem Cell Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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5
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Rao Y, Le Y, Xiong J, Pei Y, Sun Y. NK Cells in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666045. [PMID: 34017339 PMCID: PMC8130558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic airway disease with varied frequencies of acute exacerbations, which are the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the disease. It is, therefore, urgent to develop novel therapies for COPD and its exacerbations, which rely heavily on understanding of the pathogenesis and investigation for potential targets. Current evidence indicates that natural killer (NK) cells play important roles in the pathological processes of COPD. Although novel data are revealing the significance of NK cells in maintaining immune system homeostasis and their involvement in pathogenesis of COPD, the specific mechanisms are largely unknown. Specific and in-depth studies elucidating the underlying mechanisms are therefore needed. In this review, we provided a brief overview of the biology of NK cells, from its development to receptors and functions, and outlined their subsets in peripheral blood and lungs. Then we reviewed published findings highlighting the important roles played by NK cells in COPD and its exacerbations, with a view of providing the current state of knowledge in this area to facilitate related in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Rao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Le
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqiang Pei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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6
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Yang Y, Neo SY, Chen Z, Cui W, Chen Y, Guo M, Wang Y, Xu H, Kurzay A, Alici E, Holmgren L, Haglund F, Wang K, Lundqvist A. Thioredoxin activity confers resistance against oxidative stress in tumor-infiltrating NK cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5508-5522. [PMID: 32673292 DOI: 10.1172/jci137585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the clinical outcome of adoptive NK cell therapy in patients with solid tumors, NK cells need to persist within the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which the abundance of ROS could dampen antitumor immune responses. In the present study, we demonstrated that IL-15-primed NK cells acquired resistance against oxidative stress through the thioredoxin system activated by mTOR. Mechanistically, the activation of thioredoxin showed dependence on localization of thioredoxin-interacting protein. We show that NK cells residing in the tumor core expressed higher thiol densities that could aid in protecting other lymphocytes against ROS within the TME. Furthermore, the prognostic value of IL15 and the NK cell gene signature in tumors may be influenced by tobacco smoking history in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Collectively, the levels of reducing antioxidants in NK cells may not only predict better tumor penetrance but potentially even the immune therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shi Yong Neo
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ziqing Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weiyingqi Cui
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yongfang Wang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Annina Kurzay
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felix Haglund
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Andreas Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Preoperative Cumulative Smoking Dose on Lung Cancer Surgery in a Japanese Nationwide Database. Ann Thorac Surg 2021; 113:237-243. [PMID: 33600791 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a known risk factor for postoperative mortality and morbidity. However, the significance of cumulative smoking dose in preoperative risk assessment has not been established. We examined the influence of preoperative cumulative smoking dose on surgical outcomes after lobectomy for primary lung cancer. METHODS A total of 80,989 patients with primary lung cancer undergoing lobectomy from 2014 to 2016 were enrolled. Preoperative cumulative smoking dose was categorized by pack-years (PY): nonsmokers, PY = 0; light smokers, 0 < PY < 10; moderate smokers, 10 ≤ PY < 30; and heavy smokers, 30 ≤ PY. The risk of short-term outcomes was assessed according to PY by multivariable analysis adjusted for other covariates. RESULTS Postoperative 30-day mortality, as well as pulmonary, cardiovascular, and infectious complications, increased with preoperative PY. Multivariable analysis revealed that the odds ratios (ORs) for postoperative mortality compared with nonsmokers were 1.76 for light smokers (P = .044), 1.60 for moderate smokers (P = .026), and 1.73 for heavy smokers (P = .003). The ORs for pulmonary complications compared with nonsmokers were 1.20 for light smokers (P = .022), 1.40 for moderate smokers (P < .001), and 1.72 for heavy smokers (P < .001). Heavy smokers had a significantly increased risk of postoperative cardiovascular (OR, 1.26; P = .002) and infectious (OR, 1.39; P = .007) complications compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS The risk of mortality and morbidity after lung resection could be predicted according to preoperative cumulative smoking dose. These findings contribute to the development of strategies in perioperative management of lung resection patients.
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Delgado GE, Krämer BK, März W, Hellstern P, Kleber ME, Leipe J. Immune Status and Mortality in Smokers, Ex-smokers, and Never-Smokers: The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1191-1198. [PMID: 33460442 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elevated leukocyte counts are associated with cardiovascular disease. Smoking induces inflammation and alters levels of leukocyte subtypes. AIMS AND METHODS Our aim was to investigate the effect of smoking on circulating immune cells and their association with mortality. Lymphocyte subtypes were identified by flow cytometry of fluorescent-labeled cells. We analyzed the association of leukocytes with mortality using Cox regression and assessed their effect on risk prediction based on principle components (PCs) using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and net-reclassification in 2173 participants from the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective case-control study in patients who underwent coronary angiography. RESULTS The numbers of T cells, monocytes, and neutrophils were higher and natural killer cells were lower in smokers compared with never-smokers. In never-smokers, lymphocyte counts were inversely associated with mortality while a positive association was observed for neutrophils. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) had the strongest association in never-smokers with a hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 1.43 (1.26-1.61). No associations were found in smokers. Adding the first five PCs or the NLR to a risk prediction model based on conventional risk factors did not improve risk prediction in smokers, but significantly increased the area under the curve from 0.777 to 0.801 and 0.791, respectively, in never-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte counts were inversely associated with mortality in never-smokers but not in active smokers. Markers of innate immunity, namely total neutrophils and CD11b+/CD18+ and CD31+/CD40- granulocytes, were directly associated with mortality. Adding markers of immune function like PCs or the NLR to basic risk models improved risk prediction in never-smokers only. IMPLICATIONS Total leukocyte counts were higher in active smokers as compared to never-smokers due to elevated counts of neutrophils and monocytes but declined in ex-smokers with increasing time since quitting. In the never-smokers but not in smokers, lymphocyte counts were inversely associated with mortality while there was a direct association with neutrophils, even after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Adding markers of immune function to basic risk models improved risk prediction in never-smokers only. Our data indicate that smoking status has an important impact on the ability of leukocyte counts to predict long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience ECAS, Medical Faculty Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.,SYNLAB Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Augsburg and Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Hellstern
- Center of Hemostasis and Thrombosis Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,SYNLAB MVZ für Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Leipe
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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9
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Differences in biomarkers of inflammation and immune responses in chronic smokers and moist snuff users. Cytokine 2020; 137:155299. [PMID: 33011400 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and other diseases. While smoking induces chronic inflammation and aberrant immune responses, the effects of smokeless tobacco products (STPs) on immune responses is less clear. Here we evaluated markers related to immune regulation in smokers (SMK), moist snuff consumers (MSC) and non-tobacco consumers (NTC) to better understand the effects of chronic tobacco use. MATERIALS AND METHODS Several markers associated with immune regulation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SMK (n = 40), MSC (n = 40), and NTC (n = 40) by flow cytometry. RESULTS Relative to NTC, seven markers were significantly suppressed in SMK, whereas in MSC, only one marker was significantly suppressed. In a logistic regression model, markers including granzyme B+ lymphocytes, perforin+ lymphocytes, granzyme B+ CD8+T cells, and KLRB1+ CD8+ T cells remained as statistically significant predictors for classifying the three cohorts. Further, cell-surface receptor signaling pathways and cell-cell signaling processes were downregulated in SMK relative to MSC; chemotaxis and LPS-mediated signaling pathways, were upregulated in SMK compared to MSC. A network of the tested markers was constructed to visualize the immunosuppression in SMK relative to MSC. CONCLUSION Moist snuff consumption is associated with significantly fewer perturbations in inflammation and immune function biomarkers relative to smoking. IMPACT This work identifies several key immunological biomarkers that differentiate the effects of chronic smoking from the use of moist snuff. Additionally, a molecular basis for aberrant immune responses that could render smokers more susceptible for infections and cancer is provided.
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10
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Andrade DL, Moretti TBC, Neto WA, Benedetti J, Reis LO. Smoke load prognostic impact on bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) treated non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1471-1476. [PMID: 32157620 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smoking habit is the major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC), related to about 50% of these tumors; however, the tobacco dose-effect impact on BC immune treatment is underexplored. This study evaluates the impact of smoke load on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) prognosis after intravesical BCG. METHODS Smoke load, recurrence, progression and disease-specific survival were evaluated in a retrospective study including NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG between 2006 and 2015. Multivariate Cox regression, ROC and Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized. RESULTS 132 pT1 NMIBC patients were included: 95 (72%) males, mean age 69.6 ± 10.5 years and mean smoking pack-years 22.0 ± 20.8. Recurrence, progression and disease-specific death occurred in 69 (52.3%, mean 20.55 ± 20.44 months), 22 (16.7%, mean 31.39 ± 20.19 months) and 11 (8.3%, mean 37.23 ± 18.34 months), respectively. Smoke load significantly impacted recurrence, HR = 1.019 (95% CI 1.008-1.030, p = 0.0004), and progression, HR = 1.034 (95% CI 1.016-1.052, p = 0.0002), but not survival. For every 1-year increment in pack-years, the risk of relapse and progression increases by 1.9% and 3.4%, respectively. Over 20 pack-year showed the best predictive prognostic power. CONCLUSION The smoke load has a potential prognostic role in terms of recurrence and progression in the BCG treated NMIBC. Future studies should explore the smoking impact on the immune system, mainly beyond 20 pack-year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Leite Andrade
- Department of Urology, UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop-Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Tomas Bernardo Costa Moretti
- Department of Urology, UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop-Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Wilmar Azal Neto
- Department of Urology, UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop-Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Júlia Benedetti
- Department of Urology, UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop-Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13034-685, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- Department of Urology, UroScience, State University of Campinas, Unicamp and Pontifical Catholic University of Campinas, PUC-Campinas, Av. John Boyd Dunlop-Jardim Ipaussurama, Campinas, SP, CEP: 13034-685, Brazil.
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11
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Traboulsi H, Cherian M, Abou Rjeili M, Preteroti M, Bourbeau J, Smith BM, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Inhalation Toxicology of Vaping Products and Implications for Pulmonary Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3495. [PMID: 32429092 PMCID: PMC7278963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cigarettes have a liquid that may contain flavors, solvents, and nicotine. Heating this liquid generates an aerosol that is inhaled into the lungs in a process commonly referred to as vaping. E-cigarette devices can also contain cannabis-based products including tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis (marijuana). E-cigarette use has rapidly increased among current and former smokers as well as youth who have never smoked. The long-term health effects are unknown, and emerging preclinical and clinical studies suggest that e-cigarettes may not be harmless and can cause cellular alterations analogous to traditional tobacco smoke. Here, we review the historical context and the components of e-cigarettes and discuss toxicological similarities and differences between cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol, with specific reference to adverse respiratory outcomes. Finally, we outline possible clinical disorders associated with vaping on pulmonary health and the recent escalation of acute lung injuries, which led to the declaration of the vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) outbreak. It is clear there is much about vaping that is not understood. Consequently, until more is known about the health effects of vaping, individual factors that need to be taken into consideration include age, current and prior use of combustible tobacco products, and whether the user has preexisting lung conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Traboulsi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (H.T.); (M.A.R.); (M.P.); (J.B.); (B.M.S.)
| | - Mathew Cherian
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (M.C.); (D.H.E.)
| | - Mira Abou Rjeili
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (H.T.); (M.A.R.); (M.P.); (J.B.); (B.M.S.)
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Matthew Preteroti
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (H.T.); (M.A.R.); (M.P.); (J.B.); (B.M.S.)
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (H.T.); (M.A.R.); (M.P.); (J.B.); (B.M.S.)
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Benjamin M. Smith
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (H.T.); (M.A.R.); (M.P.); (J.B.); (B.M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (M.C.); (D.H.E.)
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - David H. Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (M.C.); (D.H.E.)
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (H.T.); (M.A.R.); (M.P.); (J.B.); (B.M.S.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (M.C.); (D.H.E.)
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Ishikawa Y, Terao C. The Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Narrative Review. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020475. [PMID: 32092988 PMCID: PMC7072747 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and subsequent proliferation of synovial tissues, which eventually leads to cartilage and bone destruction without effective treatments. Anti-citrullinated cyclic peptide/protein antibody (ACPA) and rheumatoid factor (RF) are two main characteristic autoantibodies found in RA patients and are associated with unfavorable disease outcomes. Although etiologies and causes of the disease have not been fully clarified yet, it is likely that interactive contributions of genetic and environmental factors play a main role in RA pathology. Previous works have demonstrated several genetic and environmental factors as risks of RA development and/or autoantibody productions. Among these, cigarette smoking and HLA-DRB1 are the well-established environmental and genetic risks, respectively. In this narrative review, we provide a recent update on genetic contributions to RA and the environmental risks of RA with a special focus on cigarette smoking and its impacts on RA pathology. We also describe gene–environmental interaction in RA pathogenesis with an emphasis on cigarette smoking and HLA-DRB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ishikawa
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka General Hospital, 4 Chome-27-1 Kitaando, Aoi Ward, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
- Department of Applied Genetics, The School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(0)45-503-9121
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Cigarette smoke preparations, not moist snuff, impair expression of genes involved in immune signaling and cytolytic functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13390. [PMID: 31527707 PMCID: PMC6746724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation is associated with compromised immune responses. To understand how tobacco products impact immune responses, we assessed transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pretreated with Whole Smoke-Conditioned Medium (WS-CM) or Smokeless Tobacco Extracts (STE), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate and ionomycin (agonists). Gene expression profiles from PBMCs treated with low equi-nicotine units (0.3 μg/mL) of WS-CM and one high dose of STE (100 μg/mL) were similar to those from untreated controls. Cells treated with medium and high doses of WS-CM (1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL) exhibited significantly different gene expression profiles compared to the low WS-CM dose and STE. Pre-treatment with higher doses of WS-CM inhibited the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), while CSF1-R and IL17RA were upregulated. Pre-treatment with high doses of WS-CM abolished agonist-stimulated secretion of IFNγ, TNF and IL-2 proteins. Pathway analyses revealed that higher doses of WS-CM inhibited NF-ĸB signaling, immune cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, and increased apoptotic pathways. Our results show that pre-treatment of PBMCs with higher doses of WS-CM inhibits immune activation and effector cytokine expression and secretion, resulting in a reduced immune response, whereas STE exerted minimal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nise H Yamaguchi
- Integrative Advances in Medicine, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Tobacco smoke and nicotine suppress expression of activating signaling molecules in human dendritic cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 299:40-46. [PMID: 30227238 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has significant toxic effects on the immune system, and increases the risk of developing autoimmune diseases; one immunosuppressive effect of cigarette smoke is that it inhibits the T cell-stimulating, immunogenic properties of myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). As the functions of DCs are regulated by intra-cellular signaling pathways, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and nicotine on multiple signaling molecules and other regulatory proteins in human DCs to elucidate the molecular basis of the inhibition of DC maturation and function by CSE and nicotine. Maturation of monocyte-derived DCs was induced with the TLR3-agonist poly I:C or with the TLR4-agonist lipopolysaccharide, in the absence or presence of CSE or nicotine. Reverse-phase protein microarray was used to quantify multiple signaling molecules and other proteins in cell lysates. Particularly in poly I:C-matured DCs, cigarette smoke constituents and nicotine suppressed the expression of signaling molecules associated with DC maturation and T cell stimulation, cell survival and cell migration. In conclusion, constituents of tobacco smoke suppress the immunogenic potential of DCs at the signaling pathway level.
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Strzelak A, Ratajczak A, Adamiec A, Feleszko W. Tobacco Smoke Induces and Alters Immune Responses in the Lung Triggering Inflammation, Allergy, Asthma and Other Lung Diseases: A Mechanistic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1033. [PMID: 29883409 PMCID: PMC5982072 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and other lung diseases. Recently, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has been linked with asthma and allergic diseases in children. This review presents the most actual knowledge on exact molecular mechanisms responsible for the skewed inflammatory profile that aggravates inflammation, promotes infections, induces tissue damage, and may promote the development of allergy in individuals exposed to ETS. We demonstrate how the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke leads to oxidative stress, increased mucosal inflammation, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α ([TNF]-α). Direct cellular effects of ETS on epithelial cells results in increased permeability, mucus overproduction, impaired mucociliary clearance, increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, enhanced recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils and disturbed lymphocyte balance towards Th2. The plethora of presented phenomena fully justifies a restrictive policy aiming at limiting the domestic and public exposure to ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Strzelak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ratajczak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Adamiec
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Feleszko
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland.
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Aktaş ON, Öztürk AB, Erman B, Erus S, Tanju S, Dilege Ş. Role of natural killer cells in lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:997-1003. [PMID: 29616326 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the key immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer is natural killer (NK) cells and these cells are novel targets for therapeutic applications in lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on lung cancer pathogenesis with a focus on the interaction between NK cells and smoking, how these factors are related to the pathogenesis of lung cancer and how NK cell-based immunotherapy effect lung cancer survival. METHODS The relevant literature from PubMed and Medline databases is reviewed in this article. RESULTS The cytolytic potential of NK cells are reduced in lung cancer and increasing evidence suggests that improving NK cell functioning may induce tumor regression. Recent clinical trials on NK cell-based novel therapies such as cytokines including interleukin (IL)-15, IL-12 and IL-2, NK-92 cell lines and allogenic NK cell immunotherapy showed promising results with less adverse effects on the lung cancer survival. CONCLUSIONS The NK cell targeting strategy has not yet been approved for lung cancer treatment. More clinical studies focusing on the role of NK cells in lung cancer pathogenesis are warranted to develop novel NK cell-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Nur Aktaş
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Center for Community Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ayşe Bilge Öztürk
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Baran Erman
- Koç University, School of Medicine, Translational Medicine Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suat Erus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serhan Tanju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Dilege
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ferrini M, Carvalho S, Cho YH, Postma B, Miranda Marques L, Pinkerton K, Roberts K, Jaffar Z. Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure predisposes offspring mice to exacerbated allergic airway inflammation associated with altered innate effector function. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:30. [PMID: 28830530 PMCID: PMC5567899 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal and early life environmental exposures have adverse effects on pulmonary function and are important contributors in the development of childhood asthma and allergic disease. The mechanism by which environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in utero promotes the development of allergic asthma remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the immunological consequences of prenatal exposure to ETS in order to understand events responsible for the development or exacerbation of allergic asthma. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to either ETS or filtered air throughout gestation and the effect on pulmonary inflammation in the offspring were examined and compared. Specifically, the effects on eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperreactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia, properties of pulmonary natural killer (NK) cells and type 2 cytokines elicited in response to inhaled house dust mite (HDM) allergen were investigated in the progeny. Results Exposure to ETS prenatally significantly exacerbated HDM-induced airway eosinophilic inflammation, hyperreactivity, mucus secretion, cysteinyl leukotriene biosynthesis and type 2 cytokine production in the offspring. Consistently, lung mononuclear cells from ETS-exposed offspring secreted higher levels of IL-13 when stimulated in vitro with anti-αβ TCR antibody or HDM allergen. Moreover, offspring from ETS-exposed dams exhibited a higher frequency of CD11b+ dendritic cells and CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes in the lungs following allergen inhalation compared to air-exposed mice. Unexpectedly, the exacerbated allergic inflammation in the ETS-exposed offspring was associated with a reduction in CD3−CD19−NK1.1+CD94+ NK cell numbers and their IFN-γ production, highlighting a role for altered innate immunity in the enhanced allergic response. Conclusion Our results reveal that prenatal exposure to ETS predisposes offspring to an exacerbated allergic airway inflammation that is associated with a reduction in pulmonary NK cell function, suggesting that NK cells play a key role in controlling asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ferrini
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Sophia Carvalho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Britten Postma
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kent Pinkerton
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kevan Roberts
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA.
| | - Zeina Jaffar
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions and Biomedical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, MT 59812, USA.
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Qiu F, Liang CL, Liu H, Zeng YQ, Hou S, Huang S, Lai X, Dai Z. Impacts of cigarette smoking on immune responsiveness: Up and down or upside down? Oncotarget 2017; 8:268-284. [PMID: 27902485 PMCID: PMC5352117 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is associated with numerous diseases and poses a serious challenge to the current healthcare system worldwide. Smoking impacts both innate and adaptive immunity and plays dual roles in regulating immunity by either exacerbation of pathogenic immune responses or attenuation of defensive immunity. Adaptive immune cells affected by smoking mainly include T helper cells (Th1/Th2/Th17), CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and memory T/B lymphocytes while innate immune cells impacted by smoking are mostly DCs, macrophages and NK cells. Complex roles of cigarette smoke have resulted in numerous diseases, including cardiovascular, respiratory and autoimmune diseases, allergies, cancers and transplant rejection etc. Although previous reviews have described the effects of smoking on various diseases and regional immunity associated with specific diseases, a comprehensive and updated review is rarely seen to demonstrate impacts of smoking on general immunity and, especially on major components of immune cells. Here, we aim to systematically and objectively review the influence of smoking on major components of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and summarize cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying effects of cigarette smoking on the immune system. The molecular pathways impacted by cigarette smoking involve NFκB, MAP kinases and histone modification. Further investigations are warranted to understand the exact mechanisms responsible for smoking-mediated immunopathology and to answer lingering questions over why cigarette smoking is always harmful rather than beneficial even though it exerts dual effects on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Qun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaozhen Hou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Song Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Peprah E, Xu H, Tekola-Ayele F, Royal CD. Genome-wide association studies in Africans and African Americans: expanding the framework of the genomics of human traits and disease. Public Health Genomics 2014; 18:40-51. [PMID: 25427668 DOI: 10.1159/000367962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic research is one of the tools for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases of global health relevance and paving the research dimension to clinical and public health translation. Recent advances in genomic research and technologies have increased our understanding of human diseases, genes associated with these disorders, and the relevant mechanisms. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proliferated since the first studies were published several years ago and have become an important tool in helping researchers comprehend human variation and the role genetic variants play in disease. However, the need to expand the diversity of populations in GWAS has become increasingly apparent as new knowledge is gained about genetic variation. Inclusion of diverse populations in genomic studies is critical to a more complete understanding of human variation and elucidation of the underpinnings of complex diseases. In this review, we summarize the available data on GWAS in recent African ancestry populations within the western hemisphere (i.e. African Americans and peoples of the Caribbean) and continental African populations. Furthermore, we highlight ways in which genomic studies in populations of recent African ancestry have led to advances in the areas of malaria, HIV, prostate cancer, and other diseases. Finally, we discuss the advantages of conducting GWAS in recent African ancestry populations in the context of addressing existing and emerging global health conditions.
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21
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Jaspers I. Cigarette smoke effects on innate immune mechanisms in the nasal mucosa. Potential effects on the microbiome. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2014; 11 Suppl 1:S38-42. [PMID: 24437404 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201306-154mg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that exposure to cigarette smoke (CS), through active smoking and through exposure to secondhand smoke, has immunosuppressive effects, yet how this might affect the microbiome is not known. In this manuscript we focus on the effects of CS on innate host defense response, with particular emphasis on the role of epithelial cells and mucosal immune responses in the nose and the potential effects on the microbiome. The studies described here briefly summarize the effects of CS on specific innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages/monocytes, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. A detailed description of how CS affects epithelial cells and why we consider this to be a central defect in the overall immunosuppressive effects of CS in the lung is provided. We summarize data on the role of the "epimmunome" in the context of CS exposure, including the effects on soluble mediator production, such as cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial defense mediators. Separate emphasis is put on the expression of ligands on epithelial cells, which directly interact with receptors on immune cells, and the effects of CS on these interactions. We introduce the nose and nasal mucosa as a model to study the effects of CS exposure on host defense responses and changes in the microbiome in humans in vivo. Understanding the dynamics of a healthy microbiome and how CS affects this balance is important to uncovering the mechanisms of CS-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Jaspers
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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22
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Combustible and non-combustible tobacco product preparations differentially regulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell functions. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1992-2004. [PMID: 23851003 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells play essential roles in innate and adaptive immune responses in protecting against microbial infections and in tumor surveillance. Although evidence suggests that smoking causes immunosuppression, there is limited information whether the use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products affects immune responses. In this study, we assessed the effects of two preparations of cigarette smoke, ST extract and nicotine on T cell and NK cell responses using Toll-like receptor-ligand stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The tobacco product preparations (TPPs) tested included whole smoke conditioned media (WS-CM), total particulate matter (TPM) and a ST product preparation in complete artificial saliva (ST/CAS). The PBMCs were stimulated with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A marked reduction of the expression of intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α was evident in NK cells and T cells treated with WS-CM and TPM. Consistently, attenuation of ligand-induced secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-α) from PBMCs treated with WS-CM and TPM were observed. While the treatment with TPPs did not alter the expression of the maturation marker CD69, WS-CM and TPM inhibited the cytolytic activity of human PBMCs. Suppression of perforin by WS-CM was also detected. Although interference from the vehicle confounded the interpretation of effects of ST/CAS, some effects were evident only at high concentrations. Nicotine treatment minimally impacted expression of cytokines and cytolytic activity. Data presented herein suggests that the function of NK cells and T cells is influenced by exposure to TPPs (based on equi-nicotine units) in the following order: WS-CM>TPM>ST/CAS. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis put forward by others that chronic smoking leads to immunosuppression, an effect that may contribute to increased microbial infections and cancer incidence among smokers.
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Feldman C, Anderson R. Cigarette smoking and mechanisms of susceptibility to infections of the respiratory tract and other organ systems. J Infect 2013; 67:169-84. [PMID: 23707875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The predisposition of cigarette smokers for development of oral and respiratory infections caused by microbial pathogens is well recognised, with those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at particularly high risk. Smoking cigarettes has a suppressive effect on the protective functions of airway epithelium, alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells and adaptive immune mechanisms, in the setting of chronic systemic activation of neutrophils. Cigarette smoke also has a direct effect on microbial pathogens to promote the likelihood of infective disease, specifically promotion of microbial virulence and antibiotic resistance. In addition to interactions between smoking and HIV infection, a number of specific infections/clinical syndromes have been associated epidemiologically with cigarette smoking, including those of the upper and lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous and other organ systems. Smoking cessation benefits patients in many ways, including reduction of the risk of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Feldman
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
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de-Torres JP, Blanco D, Alcaide AB, Seijo LM, Bastarrika G, Pajares MJ, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Ortiz-de-Solorzano C, Pio R, Campo A, Montes U, Segura V, Pueyo J, Montuenga LM, Zulueta JJ. Smokers with CT detected emphysema and no airway obstruction have decreased plasma levels of EGF, IL-15, IL-8 and IL-1ra. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60260. [PMID: 23577098 PMCID: PMC3618450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Low-grade inflammation and emphysema have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. However, the systemic inflammatory response in patients with emphysema is still unknown. OBJECTIVE TO COMPARE THE PLASMA CYTOKINE PROFILES IN TWO GROUPS OF CURRENT OR FORMER SMOKERS WITHOUT AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION: a control group of individuals without computed tomography (CT) detected emphysema vs. a study group of individuals with CT detected emphysema. METHODS Subjects underwent a chest CT, spirometry, and determination of EGF, IL-15, IL-1ra, IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1β, TGFα, TNFα, and VEGF levels in plasma. Cytokine levels in each group were compared adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS 160 current smokers and former smokers without airway obstruction participated in the study: 80 without emphysema and 80 subjects with emphysema. Adjusted group comparisons revealed significant reductions in EGF (-0.317, p = 0.01), IL-15 (-0.21, p = 0.01), IL-8 (-0.180, p = 0.02) and IL-1ra (-0.220, p = 0.03) in subjects with emphysema and normal spirometry. CONCLUSIONS Current or former smokers expressing a well-defined disease characteristic such as emphysema, has a specific plasma cytokine profile. This includes a decrease of cytokines mainly implicated in activation of apoptosis or decrease of immunosurveillance. This information should be taken into account when evaluated patients with tobacco respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P de-Torres
- Pulmonary Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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Chenoweth MJ, Mian MF, Barra NG, Alain T, Sonenberg N, Bramson J, Lichty BD, Richards CD, Ma A, Ashkar AA. IL-15 can signal via IL-15Rα, JNK, and NF-κB to drive RANTES production by myeloid cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4149-57. [PMID: 22447977 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-15 plays many important roles within the immune system. IL-15 signals in lymphocytes via trans presentation, where accessory cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells present IL-15 bound to IL-15Rα in trans to NK cells and CD8(+) memory T cells expressing IL-15/IL-2Rβ and common γ chain (γ(c)). Previously, we showed that the prophylactic delivery of IL-15 to Rag2(-/-)γ(c)(-/-) mice (mature T, B, and NK cell negative) afforded protection against a lethal HSV-2 challenge and metastasis of B16/F10 melanoma cells. In this study, we demonstrated that in vivo delivery of an adenoviral construct optimized for the secretion of human IL-15 to Rag2(-/-)γ(c)(-/-) mice resulted in significant increases in spleen size and cell number, leading us to hypothesize that IL-15 signals differently in myeloid immune cells compared with lymphocytes, for which IL-15/IL-2Rβ and γ(c) expression are essential. Furthermore, treatment with IL-15 induced RANTES production by Rag2(-/-)γ(c)(-/-) bone marrow cells, but the presence of γ(c) did not increase bone marrow cell sensitivity to IL-15. This IL-15-mediated RANTES production by Rag2(-/-)γ(c)(-/-) bone marrow cells occurred independently of the IL-15/IL-2Rβ and Jak/STAT pathways and instead required IL-15Rα signaling as well as activation of JNK and NF-κB. Importantly, we also showed that the trans presentation of IL-15 by IL-15Rα boosts IL-15-mediated IFN-γ production by NK cells but reduces IL-15-mediated RANTES production by Rag2(-/-)γ(c)(-/-) myeloid bone marrow cells. Our data clearly show that IL-15 signaling in NK cells is different from that of myeloid immune cells. Additional insights into IL-15 biology may lead to novel therapies aimed at bolstering targeted immune responses against cancer and infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Chenoweth
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre and Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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Sfakianos JP, Shariat SF, Favaretto RL, Rioja J, Herr HW. Impact of smoking on outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy for urothelial carcinoma not invading muscle of the bladder. BJU Int 2010; 108:526-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2010.09874.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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