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Snyder ME, Anderson MR, Benvenuto LJ, Sutton RM, Bondonese A, Koshy R, Burke R, Clifford S, Craig A, Iasella CJ, Hannan SJ, Popescu I, Zhang Y, Sanchez PG, Alder JK, McDyer JF. Impact of age and telomere length on circulating T cells and rejection risk after lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1666-1677. [PMID: 37544465 PMCID: PMC10839116 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung transplant recipients (IPF-LTRs) have short telomere (ST) length. Inherited mutations in telomere-related genes are associated with the development of T cell immunodeficiency. Despite this, IPF-LTRs with telomere-related rare variants are not protected from acute cellular rejection (ACR). We set out to determine the impact of both age and telomere length on the circulating T cell compartment and ACR burden of IPF-LTRs. METHODS We identified 106 IPF-LTRs who had telomere length testing using flowFISH (57 with short telomeres and 49 with long telomeres) as well as a subset from both cohorts who had cryopreserved PBMC at least 1 time point, 6 months posttransplantation. Circulating T cells from before transplantation and at 6 and 12 months posttransplantation were analyzed using multiparameter flow cytometry to study phenotype and functional capacity, and bulk T cell receptor sequencing was performed to study repertoire diversity. Linear regression was used to study the relationship of age and telomere length on early (within 1 year) and late (between 1 and 2 years) ACR. RESULTS IPF-LTRs with ST were found to have premature "aging" of their circulating T cell compartment, with age-agnostic elevations in posttransplant terminal differentiation of CD8+ T cells, increased granzyme B positivity of both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, upregulation of the exhaustion marker, CD57, and chemotactic protein CCR5, and enhanced T cell receptor clonal expansion. Additionally, we found a significant decline in early ACR burden with increasing age, but only in the ST cohort. CONCLUSIONS IPF-LTRs with ST have premature "aging" of their circulating T cell compartment posttransplantation and a clear age-related decline in ACR burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Michaela R Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Luke J Benvenuto
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Rachel M Sutton
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anna Bondonese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ritchie Koshy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robin Burke
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Clifford
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carlo J Iasella
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stefanie J Hannan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Starzl Transplantation Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Cruz T, Agudelo Garcia PA, Chamucero-Millares JA, Bondonese A, Mitash N, Sembrat J, Tabib T, Zhang W, Seyed N, Peters V, Stacey S, Vignali D, Mora AL, Lafyatis R, Rojas M. End-Stage Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung Microenvironment Promotes Impaired NK Activity. J Immunol 2023; 211:1073-1081. [PMID: 37566492 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fibrotic age-related chronic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of senescent cells. Whether impaired immune response is responsible for the accumulation of senescent cells in the IPF lung remains unknown. In this study, we characterized the NK phenotype in IPF lungs via flow cytometry using 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-d-galactopyranoside, markers of tissue residence, and chemokine receptors. The effect of the lung microenvironment was evaluated using lung fibroblast (LF) conditioned media (CM), and the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was used to assess the in vivo relationship between NK cells and the accumulation of senescent cells. We found that NK cells from the lower lobe of IPF patients exhibited immune-senescent and impaired CD57-NKG2A+ phenotype. We also observed that culture of NK cells from healthy donors in CM from IPF lower lobe lung fibroblasts induced a senescent-like phenotype and impaired cytotoxic capacity. There is an impaired NK recruitment by LF, and NKs presented decreased migration toward their CM. In addition, NK cell-depleted mice treated with bleomycin showed increased collagen deposition and accumulation of different populations of senescent cells compared with controls. The IPF lung microenvironment induces a dysfunctional NK phenotype limiting the clearance of lung senescent cells and the resolution of lung fibrosis. We propose that impaired NK activity could be one of the mechanisms responsible for perpetuating the accumulation of senescent cells in IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cruz
- Fundacio Clinic per a la Recerca Biomedica, IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula A Agudelo Garcia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Anna Bondonese
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nilay Mitash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - John Sembrat
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Wenping Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nouraie Seyed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Victor Peters
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sean Stacey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Transplant Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Dario Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ana L Mora
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Bondonese A, Craig A, Fan L, Valenzi E, Bain W, Lafyatis R, Sembrat J, Chen K, Snyder ME. Impact of enzymatic digestion on single cell suspension yield from peripheral human lung tissue. Cytometry A 2023; 103:777-785. [PMID: 37449375 PMCID: PMC10592386 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of translational investigations of lung biology rely on analyzing single cell suspensions obtained from human lungs. To obtain these single cell suspensions, human lungs from biopsies or research-consented organ donors must be subjected to mechanical and enzymatic digestion prior to analysis with either flow cytometry or single cell RNA sequencing. A variety of enzymes have been used to perform tissue digestion, each with potential limitations. To better understand the limitations of each enzymatic digestion protocol and to establish a framework for comparing studies across protocols, we performed five commonly published protocols in parallel from identical samples obtained from 6 human lungs. Following mechanical (gentleMACS™) and enzymatic digestion, we quantified cell count and viability using a Nexcelom Cellometer and determined cell phenotype using multiparameter spectral flow cytometry (Cytek™ Aurora). We found that all protocols were superior in cellular yield and viability when compared to mechanical digestion alone. Protocols high in dispase cleaved immune markers CD4, CD8, CD69, and CD103 and contributed to an increased monocyte to macrophage yield. Similarly, dispase led to a differential epithelial cell yield, with increased TSPN8+ and ITGA6+ epithelial cells and reduced CD66e+ cells. When compared to collagenase D, collagenase P protocols yielded increased AT1 and AT2 cells and decreased endothelial cells. These results provide a framework for selecting an enzymatic digestion protocol best suited to the scientific question and allow for comparison of studies using different protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - William Bain
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | - John Sembrat
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Mark E. Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh
- Starzl Transplantation Institute
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Jia M, Rosas L, Kapetanaki MG, Tabib T, Sebrat J, Cruz T, Bondonese A, Mora AL, Lafyatis R, Rojas M, Benos PV. Early events marking lung fibroblast transition to profibrotic state in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2023; 24:116. [PMID: 37085855 PMCID: PMC10122312 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is an age-associated progressive lung disease with accumulation of scar tissue impairing gas exchange. Previous high-throughput studies elucidated the role of cellular heterogeneity and molecular pathways in advanced disease. However, critical pathogenic pathways occurring in the transition of fibroblasts from normal to profibrotic have been largely overlooked. METHODS We used single cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq) from lungs of healthy controls and IPF patients (lower and upper lobes). We identified fibroblast subclusters, genes and pathways associated with early disease. Immunofluorescence assays validated the role of MOXD1 early in fibrosis. RESULTS We identified four distinct fibroblast subgroups, including one marking the normal-to-profibrotic state transition. Our results show for the first time that global downregulation of ribosomal proteins and significant upregulation of the majority of copper-binding proteins, including MOXD1, mark the IPF transition. We find no significant differences in gene expression in IPF upper and lower lobe samples, which were selected to have low and high degree of fibrosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Early events during IPF onset in fibroblasts include dysregulation of ribosomal and copper-binding proteins. Fibroblasts in early stage IPF may have already acquired a profibrotic phenotype while hallmarks of advanced disease, including fibroblast foci and honeycomb formation, are still not evident. The new transitional fibroblasts we discover could prove very important for studying the role of fibroblast plasticity in disease progression and help develop early diagnosis tools and therapeutic interventions targeting earlier disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxue Jia
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Joint Carnegie Mellon University – University of Pittsburgh PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Lorena Rosas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Maria G. Kapetanaki
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - John Sebrat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Tamara Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Anna Bondonese
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Ana L. Mora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Mauricio Rojas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Joint Carnegie Mellon University – University of Pittsburgh PhD Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
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Moghbeli K, Craig A, Bondonese A, Fan L, Chen K, McDyer J, Snyder M. Molecular Drivers of Tissue Resident Memory T Cell Formation in Lung Allografts. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Bondonese A, Craig A, Koshy R, Burke R, Zhang Y, McDyer J, Snyder M. Alemtuzumab Induction Spares Donor Tissue Resident Memory T Cells after Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Snyder ME, Moghbeli K, Bondonese A, Craig A, Popescu I, Fan L, Tabib T, Lafyatis R, Chen K, Trejo Bittar HE, Lendermon E, Pilewski J, Johnson B, Kilaru S, Zhang Y, Sanchez PG, Alder JK, Sims PA, McDyer JF. Modulation of tissue resident memory T cells by glucocorticoids after acute cellular rejection in lung transplantation. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20212059. [PMID: 35285873 PMCID: PMC8924935 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute cellular rejection is common after lung transplantation and is associated with an increased risk of early chronic rejection. We present combined single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing on recipient-derived T cells obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage of three lung transplant recipients with rejection and compare them with T cells obtained from the same patients after treatment of rejection with high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. At the time of rejection, we found an oligoclonal expansion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells that all persisted as tissue resident memory T cells after successful treatment. Persisting CD8+ allograft-resident T cells have reduced gene expression for cytotoxic mediators after therapy with glucocorticoids but accumulate around airways. This clonal expansion is discordant with circulating T cell clonal expansion at the time of rejection, suggesting in situ expansion. We thus highlight the accumulation of cytotoxic, recipient-derived tissue resident memory T cells within the lung allograft that persist despite the administration of high-dose systemic glucocorticoids. The long-term clinical consequences of this persistence have yet to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kaveh Moghbeli
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Anna Bondonese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kong Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Joseph Pilewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Bruce Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Silpa Kilaru
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan K Alder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - John F McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Snyder ME, Bondonese A, Craig A, Popescu I, Morrell MR, Myerburg MM, Iasella CJ, Lendermon E, Pilweski J, Johnson B, Kilaru S, Zhang Y, Trejo Bittar HE, Wang X, Sanchez PG, Lakkis F, McDyer J. Rate of recipient-derived alveolar macrophage development and major histocompatibility complex cross-decoration after lung transplantation in humans. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:574-587. [PMID: 34431221 PMCID: PMC9161707 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.16812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AM) play critical roles in lung tissue homeostasis, host defense, and modulating lung injury. The rate of AM turnover (donor AM replacement by circulating monocytes) after transplantation has been incompletely characterized. Furthermore, the anatomic pattern of recipient-derived lung macrophages repopulation has not been reported, nor has their ability to accumulate and present donor major histocompatibility complex (a process we refer to as MHC cross-decoration). We longitudinally characterized the myeloid content of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biopsy specimens of lung transplant recipients and found a biphasic rate in AM turnover in the allograft, with a rapid turnover perioperatively, accelerated by both the type of induction immunosuppression and the presence of primary graft dysfunction. We found that recipient myeloid cells with cell surface AM phenotype repopulated the lung in a disorganized pattern, comprised mainly of large clusters of cells. Finally, we show that recipient AM take up and present donor peptide-MHC complexes yet are not able to independently induce an in vitro alloreactive response by circulating recipient T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Snyder
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Bondonese
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Iulia Popescu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew R. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Carlo J. Iasella
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Joseph Pilweski
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bruce Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Silpa Kilaru
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Xingan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pablo G. Sanchez
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fadi Lakkis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John McDyer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Cruz T, Jia M, Tabib T, Sembrat J, Liu J, Bondonese A, Kavanagh J, Nayra C, Bruno T, Mora A, Lafyatis R, Finkel T, Benos T, Rojas M. SASP from lung senescent fibroblasts induces immunesenescence and fibrosis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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