Solubility of taurine and its application for the crystallization process improvement

Encapsulating taurine into liposomes: A promising therapeutic for liver fibrosis

We summarize the mechanism by which taurine (Tau) inhibits autophagy and induces iron apoptosis in hepatic stellate cells. Tau interacts with autophagy regulates multifunctional proteins, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 Beta, and autophagy-related gene 5 to inhibit autophagy, binds to ferritin heavy chain 1 and nuclear receptor coactivator 4 to trigger ferritin autophagy, and interacts with glutathione peroxidase 4 to promote iron apoptosis. There is a solid rationale for developing Tau-based therapies targeting autophagy and ferroptosis regulation. From a pharmaceutical point of view, there are certain requirements for Tau protein delivery systems, such as loading efficiency, stability, and targeting. Nanomaterials should also contain a hydrophilic motif similar to Tau to optimize loading efficiency. Since Tau is a hydrophilic molecule with high water solubility, liposomes, micelles, and amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles may represent a superior choice. The nanostructure of the liposome includes a water region and a lipid membrane to sequester hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, respectively, whereas Tau is expected to be loaded into the water region. In addition, a representative method of actively targeting hematopoietic stem cells is introduced. A Tau-based method for the treatment of liver fibrosis is proposed based on the formulation of common liposomes (lecithin plus cholesterol).

Carbon nanofiber/taurine-catalyzed synthesis of coumarin and 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazole derivatives under metal-free conditions

The main subject of this research is the development of a suitable, efficient, and biocompatible carbon nanofiber-based catalytic system for the synthesis of coumarin and 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazoles. Brønsted acid carbon nanofiber/taurine catalyst was made during three steps: acid treatment, acylation, and then amination. The basic principles and general advantages of the synthesis method are elaborated. The acidity of the prepared nano-catalyst was investigated using the Hammet acidity technique and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the H0 value for 5 × 10-2 mg/mL of CNF/T in 0.3 mM 4-nitroaniline solution was determined to be 1.47. The structure of the catalyst was successfully characterized using FT-IR, TGA, FESEM, XRD, TEM, EDX, EDS-MAP, BET, and XPS techniques. Here, we report the ability of carbon nanofiber/taurine as a Brønsted acid catalyst for the synthesis of coumarins and 1,2,4,5-tetra-substituted imidazole through a metal-free, cost-effective, and biocompatible multicomponent route. Among the advantages of this protocol are reaction time, excellent efficiency, reusability, and high activity of the catalyst.

Taurine: A Source and Application for the Relief of Visual Fatigue

According to reports, supplementation with appropriate doses of taurine may help to reduce visual fatigue. Presently, some progress has been made in research related to taurine in eye health, but the lack of systematic summaries has led to the neglect of its application in the relief of visual fatigue. This paper, therefore, provides a systematic review of the sources of taurine, including the endogenous metabolic and exogenous dietary pathways, as well as a detailed review of the distribution and production of exogenous taurine. The physiological mechanisms underlying the production of visual fatigue are summarized and the research progress of taurine in relieving visual fatigue is reviewed, including the safety of consumption and the mechanism of action in relieving visual fatigue, in order to provide some reference basis and inspiration for the development and application of taurine in functional foods for relieving visual fatigue.

Taurine: A Water Friendly Organocatalyst in Organic Reactions

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Organocatalysis has become a powerful tool in organic synthesis for the formation of C-C and C-X (N, S, O, etc.) bonds, leading to the formation of complex molecules from easily available starting materials. It provides an alternative platform to the conventional synthesis and fulfills the principles of green chemistry. During the last decades, taurine has emerged as a promising organocatalyst in an array of organic transformations in addition to its plentiful biological properties. It is highly stable, easy to store and separate, water-soluble, of low cost, easily available, and recyclable. The present article highlights the recent and up-to-date applications of taurine in organic transformations.