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Fateh ST, Aghaii AH, Aminzade Z, Shahriari E, Roohpour N, Koosha F, Dezfuli AS. Inorganic nanoparticle-cored dendrimers for biomedical applications: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29726. [PMID: 38694058 PMCID: PMC11061704 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures exhibit a synergistic combination of features derived from their individual components, showcasing novel characteristics resulting from their distinctive structure and chemical/physical properties. Surface modifiers play a pivotal role in shaping INPs' primary attributes, influencing their physicochemical properties, stability, and functional applications. Among these modifiers, dendrimers have gained attention as highly effective multifunctional agents for INPs, owing to their unique structural qualities, dendritic effects, and physicochemical properties. Dendrimers can be seamlessly integrated with diverse inorganic nanostructures, including metal NPs, carbon nanostructures, silica NPs, and QDs. Two viable approaches to achieving this integration involve either growing or grafting dendrimers, resulting in inorganic nanostructure-cored dendrimers. The initial step involves functionalizing the nanostructures' surface, followed by the generation of dendrimers through stepwise growth or attachment of pre-synthesized dendrimer branches. This hybridization imparts superior qualities to the resulting structure, including biocompatibility, solubility, high cargo loading capacity, and substantial functionalization potential. Combining the unique properties of dendrimers with those of the inorganic nanostructure cores creates a multifunctional system suitable for diverse applications such as theranostics, bio-sensing, component isolation, chemotherapy, and cargo-carrying applications. This review summarizes the recent developments, with a specific focus on the last five years, within the realm of dendrimers. It delves into their role as modifiers of INPs and explores the potential applications of INP-cored dendrimers in the biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepand Tehrani Fateh
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company(AMINBIC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Aghaii
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Ronash Technology Pars Company(AMINBIC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Aminzade
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Shahriari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Department of Radiology Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li M, Zhu J, Lv Z, Qin H, Wang X, Shi H. Recent Advances in RNA-Targeted Cancer Therapy. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300633. [PMID: 37961028 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) plays a pivotal role in gene regulation and protein biosynthesis. Interfering the physiological function of key RNAs to induce cell apoptosis holds great promise for cancer treatment. Many RNA-targeted anti-cancer strategies have emerged continuously. Among them, RNA interference (RNAi) has been recognized as a promising therapeutic modality for various disease treatments. Nevertheless, the primary obstacle in siRNA delivery-escaping the endosome and crossing the plasma membrane severely impedes its therapeutic potential. Thus far, a variety of nanosystems as well as carrier-free bioconjugation for siRNA delivery have been developed and employed to enhance the drug delivery and anti-tumor efficiency. Besides, the use of small molecules to target specific RNA structures and disrupt their function, along with the covalent modification of RNA, has also drawn tremendous attention recently owing to high therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent progress in RNA-targeted cancer therapy including various siRNA delivery strategies, RNA-targeting small molecules, and newly emerged covalent RNA modification. Finally, challenges and future perspectives faced in this research field will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, 00133, Italy
| | - Zhengzhong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongni Qin
- Suzhou Industrial Park Institute of Services Outsourcing, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Centre of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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3
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Arcos Rosero WA, Bueno Barbezan A, Daruich de Souza C, Chuery Martins Rostelato ME. Review of Advances in Coating and Functionalization of Gold Nanoparticles: From Theory to Biomedical Application. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:255. [PMID: 38399309 PMCID: PMC10892584 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles, especially gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have gained increasing interest in biomedical applications. Used for disease prevention, diagnosis and therapies, its significant advantages in therapeutic efficacy and safety have been the main target of interest. Its application in immune system prevention, stability in physiological environments and cell membranes, low toxicity and optimal bioperformances are critical to the success of engineered nanomaterials. Its unique optical properties are great attractors. Recently, several physical and chemical methods for coating these NPs have been widely used. Biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, peptides, antibodies, proteins, carbohydrates and biopolymers, among others, have been widely used in coatings of Au NPs for various biomedical applications, thus increasing their biocompatibility while maintaining their biological functions. This review mainly presents a general and representative view of the different types of coatings and Au NP functionalization using various biomolecules, strategies and functionalization mechanisms.
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Hosseini SA, Kardani A, Yaghoobi H. A comprehensive review of cancer therapies mediated by conjugated gold nanoparticles with nucleic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127184. [PMID: 37797860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids provide a promising therapeutic platform by targeting various cell signaling pathways involved in cancer and genetic disorders. However, maintaining optimal stability during delivery limits their utility. Nucleic acid delivery vehicles are generally categorized into biological and synthetic carriers. Regardless of the efficiency of biological vectors, such as viral vectors, issues related to their immunogenicity and carcinogenesis are very important and vital for clinical applications. On the other hand, synthetic vectors such as lipids or polymers, have been widely used for nucleic acid delivery. Despite their transfection efficiency, low storage stability, targeting inefficiency, and tracking limitations are among the limitations of the clinical application of these vectors. In the past decades, gold nanoparticles with unique properties have been shown to be highly efficient mineral vectors for overcoming these obstacles. In this review, we focus on gold nanoparticle-nucleic acid combinations and highlight their use in the treatment of various types of cancers. Furthermore, by stating the biological applications of these structures, we will discuss their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayedeh Azimeh Hosseini
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arefeh Kardani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hajar Yaghoobi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Afrin H, Geetha Bai R, Kumar R, Ahmad SS, Agarwal SK, Nurunnabi M. Oral delivery of RNAi for cancer therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:699-724. [PMID: 36971908 PMCID: PMC10040933 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health concern worldwide and is still in a continuous surge of seeking for effective treatments. Since the discovery of RNAi and their mechanism of action, it has shown promises in targeted therapy for various diseases including cancer. The ability of RNAi to selectively silence the carcinogenic gene makes them ideal as cancer therapeutics. Oral delivery is the ideal route of administration of drug administration because of its patients' compliance and convenience. However, orally administered RNAi, for instance, siRNA, must cross various extracellular and intracellular biological barriers before it reaches the site of action. It is very challenging and important to keep the siRNA stable until they reach to the targeted site. Harsh pH, thick mucus layer, and nuclease enzyme prevent siRNA to diffuse through the intestinal wall and thereby induce a therapeutic effect. After entering the cell, siRNA is subjected to lysosomal degradation. Over the years, various approaches have been taken into consideration to overcome these challenges for oral RNAi delivery. Therefore, understanding the challenges and recent development is crucial to offer a novel and advanced approach for oral RNAi delivery. Herein, we have summarized the delivery strategies for oral delivery RNAi and recent advancement towards the preclinical stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayra Afrin
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Renu Geetha Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Chair of Biosystems Engineering, Institute of Forestry and Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
| | - Sheikh Shafin Ahmad
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA
| | - Sandeep K Agarwal
- Section of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Aerospace Center (cSETR), University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79965, USA.
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Pricl S. The Spicy Science of Dendrimers in the Realm of Cancer Nanomedicine: A Report from the COST Action CA17140 Nano2Clinic. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2013. [PMID: 37514199 PMCID: PMC10384593 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
COST Action CA17140 Cancer Nanomedicine-from the bench to the bedside (Nano2Clinic,) is the first, pan-European interdisciplinary network of representatives from academic institutions and small and medium enterprises including clinical research organizations (CROs) devoted to the development of nanosystems carrying anticancer drugs from their initial design, preclinical testing of efficacy, pharmacokinetics and toxicity to the preparation of detailed protocols needed for the first phase of their clinical studies. By promoting scientific exchanges, technological implementation, and innovative solutions, the action aims at providing a timely instrument to rationalize and focus research efforts at the European level in dealing with the grand challenge of nanomedicine translation in cancer, one of the major and societal-burdening human pathologies. Within CA17140, dendrimers in all their forms (from covalent to self-assembling dendrons) play a vital role as powerful nanotheranostic agents in oncology; therefore, the purpose of this review work is to gather and summarize the major results in the field stemming from collaborative efforts in the framework of the European Nano2Clinic COST Action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Biology and Nanotechnology Laboratory (MolBNL@UniTS), Department of Engineering and Architecture (DEA), University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Okła E, Białecki P, Kędzierska M, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Miłowska K, Takvor S, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with siRNA: Complexes Formation and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076638. [PMID: 37047610 PMCID: PMC10094790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, liposomes, polymers or gold/silver nanoparticles could be used to advance modern medicine. One significant pharmacological problem is crossing biological barriers by commonly used drugs, e.g., in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which have a problem of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery. Numerous studies have been conducted to find appropriate drug carriers that are safe, biocompatible and efficient. In this work, we evaluate pegylated gold nanoparticles AuNP14a and AuNP14b after their conjugation with therapeutic siRNA directed against APOE4. This genetic risk factor remains the strongest predictor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The study aimed to assess the biophysical properties of AuNPs/siAPOE complexes and to check their biological safety on healthy cells using human brain endothelial cells (HBEC-5i). Techniques such as fluorescence polarization, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements and gel retardation assay showed that AuNPs form stable complexes with siRNA. Subsequently, cytotoxicity assays proved the biological safety of formed conjugates. Obtained results enabled us to find effective concentrations of AuNPs when complexes are formed and non-toxic for healthy cells. One of the studied nanoparticles, AuNP14b complexed with siRNA, displayed lower cytotoxicity (MTT assay, cells viability −74.8 ± 3.1%) than free nanoparticles (44.7 ± 3.6%). This may be promising for further investigations in nucleic acid delivery and could have practical use in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Okła
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białecki
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Kędzierska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Samuel Takvor
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Shtykalova S, Deviatkin D, Freund S, Egorova A, Kiselev A. Non-Viral Carriers for Nucleic Acids Delivery: Fundamentals and Current Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 37109432 PMCID: PMC10142071 DOI: 10.3390/life13040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, non-viral DNA and RNA delivery systems have been intensively studied as an alternative to viral vectors. Despite the most significant advantage over viruses, such as the lack of immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, the widespread use of non-viral carriers in clinical practice is still limited due to the insufficient efficacy associated with the difficulties of overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers. Overcoming barriers by non-viral carriers is facilitated by their chemical structure, surface charge, as well as developed modifications. Currently, there are many different forms of non-viral carriers for various applications. This review aimed to summarize recent developments based on the essential requirements for non-viral carriers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Deviatkin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Freund
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Silver Nanoparticles Modified by Carbosilane Dendrons and PEG as Delivery Vectors of Small Interfering RNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010840. [PMID: 36614277 PMCID: PMC9820844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fact that cancer is one of the leading causes of death requires researchers to create new systems of effective treatment for malignant tumors. One promising area is genetic therapy that uses small interfering RNA (siRNA). These molecules are capable of blocking mutant proteins in cells, but require specific systems that will deliver RNA to target cells and successfully release them into the cytoplasm. Dendronized and PEGylated silver nanoparticles as potential vectors for proapoptotic siRNA (siMCL-1) were used here. Using the methods of one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, the zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism, stable siRNA and AgNP complexes were obtained. Data gathered using multicolor flow cytometry showed that AgNPs are able to deliver (up to 90%) siRNAs efficiently to some types of tumor cells, depending on the degree of PEGylation. Analysis of cell death showed that complexes of some AgNP variations with siMCL-1 lead to ~70% cell death in the populations that uptake these complexes due to apoptosis.
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Yadav DN, Ali MS, Thanekar AM, Pogu SV, Rengan AK. Recent Advancements in the Design of Nanodelivery Systems of siRNA for Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:4506-4526. [PMID: 36409653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has increased the possibility of restoring RNA drug targets for cancer treatment. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising therapeutic RNAi tool that targets the defective gene by inhibiting its mRNA expression and stopping its translation. However, siRNAs have flaws like poor intracellular trafficking, RNase degradation, rapid kidney filtration, off-targeting, and toxicity, which limit their therapeutic efficiency. Nanocarriers (NCs) have been designed to overcome such flaws and increase antitumor activity. Combining siRNA and anticancer drugs can give synergistic effects in cancer cells, making them a significant gene-modification tool in cancer therapy. Our discussion of NCs-mediated siRNA delivery in this review includes their mechanism, limitations, and advantages in comparison with naked siRNA delivery. We will also discuss organic NCs (polymers and lipids) and inorganic NCs (quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, and gold) that have been reported for extensive delivery of therapeutic siRNA to tumor sites. Finally, we will conclude by discussing the studies based on organic and inorganic NCs-mediated siRNA drug delivery systems conducted in the years 2020 and 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokkari Nagalaxmi Yadav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Mohammad Sadik Ali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | | | - Sunil Venkanna Pogu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502284, India
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de la Mata FJ, Gómez R, Cano J, Sánchez‐Nieves J, Ortega P, Gallego SG. Carbosilane dendritic nanostructures, highly versatile platforms for pharmaceutical applications. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 15:e1871. [PMID: 36417901 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are multifunctional molecules with well-defined size and structure due to the step-by-step synthetic procedures required in their preparation. Dendritic constructs based on carbosilane scaffolds present carbon-carbon and carbon-silicon bonds, which results in stable, lipophilic, inert, and flexible structures. These properties are highly appreciated in different areas, including the pharmaceutical field, as they can increase the interaction with cell membranes and improve the therapeutic action. This article summarizes the most recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of carbosilane dendritic molecules, from therapeutics to diagnostics and prevention tools. Dendrimers decorated with cationic, anionic, or other moieties, including metallodendrimers; supramolecular assemblies; dendronized nanoparticles and surfaces; as well as dendritic networks like hydrogels are described. The collected examples confirm the potential of carbosilane dendrimers and dendritic materials as antiviral or antibacterial agents; in therapy against cancer, neurodegenerative disease, or oxidative stress; or many other biomedical applications. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Cano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez‐Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
| | - Sandra García Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, and Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR) Universidad de Alcala Alcalá de Henares Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Institute Ramón y Cajal for Health Research (IRYCIS) Madrid Spain
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12
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Huang Y, Zhan Q, Wu C, Liao N, Jiang Z, Ding H, Wang K, Li Y. Trends and Hotspots in Nanoparticles for the Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acids: A Ten-Year Bibliometric Study. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868398. [PMID: 35600858 PMCID: PMC9114467 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles for the gene therapy field have seen remarkable progress over the last 10 years; however, low delivery efficiency and other reasons impede the clinical translation of nanocarriers. Therefore, a summary of hotspots and trends in this field is needed to promote further research development. In this research, from 2011 to 2021, 1,221 full records and cited references of Web of Science–indexed manuscripts regarding nanoparticle-targeted delivery systems have been analyzed by CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and MapEquation. In these software, keywords co-occurrence networks, alluvial diagram, co-citation networks, and structural variation analysis were carried out to emphasize the scientific community’s focus on nanomedicine of targeted delivering of nucleic acids. Keywords such as transfection efficiency, tumor cell, membrane antigen, and siRNA delivery were highlighted in the density map from VOSviewer. In addition, an alluvial flow diagram was constructed to detect changes in concepts. In the co-citation network, cluster 1 (exosomes) and cluster 17 (genome editing) were new research fields, and the efforts in modifying nanoparticles were revealed in the structural variation analysis. Aptamer and SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) represented a helpful system in targeted delivery. These results indicated that the transfection efficiency of nanocarriers required continuous improvements. With the approval of several nucleic acid drugs, a new content of nanoparticle carriers is to introduce gene-editing technology, especially CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR–associated protein 9). In addition, exosomes have great potential as targeted nanoparticles. By mapping the knowledge domains of nanomedicine in targeted delivering of nucleic acids, this study analyzed the intellectual structure of this domain in the recent 10 years, highlighting classical modifications on nanoparticles and estimating future trends for researchers and decision-makers interested in this field.
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Abashkin V, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Dzmitruk V, Shcharbin D, Bryszewska M. Prospects of Cationic Carbosilane Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles as Non-viral Vectors for Delivery of Anticancer siRNAs siBCL-xL and siMCL-1. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1549. [PMID: 34683842 PMCID: PMC8540611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems of modern medicine. At the present time, gene therapy has been developed against cancer, which includes the delivery of anticancer small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed at cancer proteins. The prospect of creating drugs based on RNA interference implies the use of delivery systems. Metal nanoparticles are the most studied objects for medicine, including their application as non-viral vectors. We have synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with cationic carbosilane dendrons of 1-3 generations, with a positive charge on the surface, gold nanoparticles can effectively bind small interfering RNAs. Using a photometric viability test and flow cytometry, we assessed the ability of dendronized gold nanoparticles in delivering siRNAs to tumor cells. The efficiency of the complexes in initiating apoptosis was measured and, also, the overall effect of proapoptotic siRNA on cells. AuNP15 has both the highest efficacy and toxicity. The delivery efficiency in suspension cell lines was 50-60%. Complexes with targeted siRNA decreased cell viability by 20% compared to control and initiated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktar Abashkin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 27 Akademicheskaya St., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.-W.); (M.B.)
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Volha Dzmitruk
- Center of Molecular Structure, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 595 Průmyslová St., 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 27 Akademicheskaya St., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.-W.); (M.B.)
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Sharma D, Arora S, Singh J, Layek B. A review of the tortuous path of nonviral gene delivery and recent progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2055-2073. [PMID: 34087309 PMCID: PMC8266766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy encompasses the transfer of exogenous genetic materials into the patient's target cells to treat or prevent diseases. Nevertheless, the transfer of genetic material into desired cells is challenging and often requires specialized tools or delivery systems. For the past 40 years, scientists are mainly pursuing various viruses as gene delivery vectors, and the overall progress has been slow and far from the expectation. As an alternative, nonviral vectors have gained substantial attention due to their several advantages, including superior safety profile, enhanced payload capacity, and stealth abilities. Since nonviral vectors encounter multiple extra- and intra-cellular barriers limiting the transfer of genetic payload into the target cell nucleus, we have discussed these barriers in detail for this review. A direct approach, utilizing physical methods like electroporation, sonoporation, gene gun, eliminate the requirement for a specific carrier for gene delivery. In contrast, chemical methods of gene transfer exploit natural or synthetic compounds as carriers to increase cellular targeting and gene therapy effectiveness. We have also emphasized the recent advancements aimed at enhancing the current nonviral approaches. Therefore, in this review, we have focused on discussing the current evolving state of nonviral gene delivery systems and their future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gorzkiewicz M, Horodecka K, Lach D, Barrios-Gumiel A, Sánchez-Nieves J, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M. PEGylation of Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles Affects Their Interaction with Thrombin and siRNA. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1196-1206. [PMID: 33481607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of nonviral carriers based on nanomaterials is a promising strategy for modern gene therapy aimed at protecting the genetic material against degradation and enabling its efficient cellular uptake. To improve the effectiveness of nanocarriers in vivo, they are often modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to reduce their toxicity, limit nonspecific binding by proteins in the bloodstream, and extend blood half-life. Thus, the selection of an appropriate degree of surface PEGylation is crucial to preserve the interaction of nanoparticles with the genetic material and to ensure its efficient transport to the site of action. Our research focuses on the use of innovative gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with cationic carbosilane dendrons as carriers of siRNA. In this study, using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, circular dichroism, and gel electrophoresis, we investigated dendronized AuNPs modified to varying degrees with PEG in terms of their interactions with siRNA and thrombin to select the most promising PEGylated carrier for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Horodecka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Lach
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrea Barrios-Gumiel
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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