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Zawadzki S, Martín-Serrano Á, Okła E, Kędzierska M, Garcia-Gallego S, López PO, de la Mata FJ, Michlewska S, Makowski T, Ionov M, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Bryszewska M, Miłowska K. Synthesis and biophysical evaluation of carbosilane dendrimers as therapeutic siRNA carriers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1615. [PMID: 38238354 PMCID: PMC10796380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51238-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy presents an innovative approach to the treatment of previously incurable diseases. The advancement of research in the field of nanotechnology has the potential to overcome the current limitations and challenges of conventional therapy methods, and therefore to unlocking the full potential of dendrimers for use in the gene therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant challenge when delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the biophysical properties of dendrimers and their complexes with siRNA directed against the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene to identify an appropriate nanocarrier capable of safely delivering the cargo across the BBB. Our study yielded valuable insights into the complexation process, stability over time, the mechanisms of interaction, the influence of dendrimers on the oligonucleotide's spatial structure, and the potential cytotoxic effects on human cerebral microvascular endothelium cells. Based on our findings, we identified that the dendrimer G3Si PEG6000 was an optimal candidate for further research, potentially serving as a nanocarrier capable of safely delivering therapeutic agents across the BBB for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafin Zawadzki
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
- BioMedChem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 21/23 Matejki St., 90-237, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Ángela Martín-Serrano
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, IQAR, University of Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elżbieta Okła
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Kędzierska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sandra Garcia-Gallego
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, IQAR, University of Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula O López
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, IQAR, University of Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, IQAR, University of Alcalá, 28805, Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Plock, 2 Dabrowskiego Sq, 09-402, Plock, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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Okła E, Białecki P, Kędzierska M, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Miłowska K, Takvor S, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M, Ionov M. Pegylated Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with siRNA: Complexes Formation and Cytotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076638. [PMID: 37047610 PMCID: PMC10094790 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery systems such as dendrimers, liposomes, polymers or gold/silver nanoparticles could be used to advance modern medicine. One significant pharmacological problem is crossing biological barriers by commonly used drugs, e.g., in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which have a problem of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricting drug delivery. Numerous studies have been conducted to find appropriate drug carriers that are safe, biocompatible and efficient. In this work, we evaluate pegylated gold nanoparticles AuNP14a and AuNP14b after their conjugation with therapeutic siRNA directed against APOE4. This genetic risk factor remains the strongest predictor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease. The study aimed to assess the biophysical properties of AuNPs/siAPOE complexes and to check their biological safety on healthy cells using human brain endothelial cells (HBEC-5i). Techniques such as fluorescence polarization, circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential measurements and gel retardation assay showed that AuNPs form stable complexes with siRNA. Subsequently, cytotoxicity assays proved the biological safety of formed conjugates. Obtained results enabled us to find effective concentrations of AuNPs when complexes are formed and non-toxic for healthy cells. One of the studied nanoparticles, AuNP14b complexed with siRNA, displayed lower cytotoxicity (MTT assay, cells viability −74.8 ± 3.1%) than free nanoparticles (44.7 ± 3.6%). This may be promising for further investigations in nucleic acid delivery and could have practical use in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Okła
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Białecki
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Kędzierska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miłowska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Samuel Takvor
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Chemistry Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Kuc-Ciepluch D, Gorzkiewicz M, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Barrios-Gumiel A, Lasak M, Mariak A, Sztandera K, Gomez R, de la Mata FJ, Lankoff A, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Bryszewska M, Arabski M, Ciepluch K. The effect of surface modification of dendronized gold nanoparticles on activation and release of pyroptosis-inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in monocytes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112652. [PMID: 35772353 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical applications of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) may be limited by their toxicological effects. Although surface-modified AuNPs can induce apoptosis, less is known about whether they can induce other types of cell death. Pyroptosis, an inflammatory type of programmed cell death, can be induced in immune cells, especially macrophages, by bacterial endotoxins. Therefore, in this study, dendronized AuNPs were combined with bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) as the main stimulators of pro-inflammatory responses to test the induction of pyroptosis in THP-1 myeloid cell line. These AuNPs induced caspase-1 activity (3-4 times more compared to control) and enhanced the release of interleukin (IL)-18 and IL-1β without inducing gasdermin D cleavage and related pore formation. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurred mainly visible during LPS treatment, although their secretion was observed only after administration of dendronized AuNPs (release of IL-1β to supernatant up to 80 pg/mL). These findings suggest that dendronized AuNPs can induce pyroptosis-like inflammatory mechanisms and that these mechanisms are enhanced in the presence of bacterial LPS. The intensity of this effect was dependent on AuNP surface modification. These results shed new light on the cytotoxicity of metal NPs, including immune responses, indicating that surface modifications play crucial roles in their nanotoxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Kuc-Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 7, Kielce 25-406, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland; Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Andrea Barrios-Gumiel
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain
| | - Magdalena Lasak
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 7, Kielce 25-406, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Mariak
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 7, Kielce 25-406, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sztandera
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Rafael Gomez
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain
| | - F Javier de la Mata
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Dpto. de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28871, Spain
| | - Anna Lankoff
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 7, Kielce 25-406, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, Warsaw 03-195, Poland
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-236, Poland
| | - Michał Arabski
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 7, Kielce 25-406, Poland
| | - Karol Ciepluch
- Division of Medical Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka Street 7, Kielce 25-406, Poland.
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Abashkin V, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Dzmitruk V, Shcharbin D, Bryszewska M. Prospects of Cationic Carbosilane Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles as Non-viral Vectors for Delivery of Anticancer siRNAs siBCL-xL and siMCL-1. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1549. [PMID: 34683842 PMCID: PMC8540611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important problems of modern medicine. At the present time, gene therapy has been developed against cancer, which includes the delivery of anticancer small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed at cancer proteins. The prospect of creating drugs based on RNA interference implies the use of delivery systems. Metal nanoparticles are the most studied objects for medicine, including their application as non-viral vectors. We have synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with cationic carbosilane dendrons of 1-3 generations, with a positive charge on the surface, gold nanoparticles can effectively bind small interfering RNAs. Using a photometric viability test and flow cytometry, we assessed the ability of dendronized gold nanoparticles in delivering siRNAs to tumor cells. The efficiency of the complexes in initiating apoptosis was measured and, also, the overall effect of proapoptotic siRNA on cells. AuNP15 has both the highest efficacy and toxicity. The delivery efficiency in suspension cell lines was 50-60%. Complexes with targeted siRNA decreased cell viability by 20% compared to control and initiated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktar Abashkin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 27 Akademicheskaya St., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.-W.); (M.B.)
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Research Institute in Chemistry “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain; (R.G.); (F.J.d.l.M.)
- Institute “Ramón y Cajal” for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Volha Dzmitruk
- Center of Molecular Structure, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, 595 Průmyslová St., 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic;
| | - Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, 27 Akademicheskaya St., 220072 Minsk, Belarus;
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (E.P.-W.); (M.B.)
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Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gorzkiewicz M, Horodecka K, Lach D, Barrios-Gumiel A, Sánchez-Nieves J, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M. PEGylation of Dendronized Gold Nanoparticles Affects Their Interaction with Thrombin and siRNA. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1196-1206. [PMID: 33481607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of nonviral carriers based on nanomaterials is a promising strategy for modern gene therapy aimed at protecting the genetic material against degradation and enabling its efficient cellular uptake. To improve the effectiveness of nanocarriers in vivo, they are often modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to reduce their toxicity, limit nonspecific binding by proteins in the bloodstream, and extend blood half-life. Thus, the selection of an appropriate degree of surface PEGylation is crucial to preserve the interaction of nanoparticles with the genetic material and to ensure its efficient transport to the site of action. Our research focuses on the use of innovative gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) coated with cationic carbosilane dendrons as carriers of siRNA. In this study, using dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements, circular dichroism, and gel electrophoresis, we investigated dendronized AuNPs modified to varying degrees with PEG in terms of their interactions with siRNA and thrombin to select the most promising PEGylated carrier for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Horodecka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominika Lach
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrea Barrios-Gumiel
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Nieves
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier de la Mata
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry and Research Chemistry Institute "Andrés M. del Río" (IQAR), University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Networking Research Center for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Institute "Ramón y Cajal" for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gorzkiewicz M, Michlewska S, Ionov M, Shcharbin D, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Peña-González CE, Sánchez-Nieves J, Gómez R, de la Mata FJ, Bryszewska M. Evaluation of dendronized gold nanoparticles as siRNAs carriers into cancer cells. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Gorzkiewicz M, Kopeć O, Janaszewska A, Konopka M, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Tarasenko II, Bezrodnyi VV, Neelov IM, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Poly(lysine) Dendrimers Form Complexes with siRNA and Provide Its Efficient Uptake by Myeloid Cells: Model Studies for Therapeutic Nucleic Acid Delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3138. [PMID: 32365579 PMCID: PMC7246632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of the cellular pathways of protein biosynthesis through the mechanism of RNA interference has been recognized as a tool of great diagnostic and therapeutic significance. However, in order to fully exploit the potential of this phenomenon, efficient and safe carriers capable of overcoming extra- and intracellular barriers and delivering siRNA to the target cells are needed. Recently, attention has focused on the possibility of the application of multifunctional nanoparticles, dendrimers, as potential delivery devices for siRNA. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the formation of dendriplexes using novel poly(lysine) dendrimers (containing lysine and arginine or histidine residues in their structure), and to verify the hypothesis that the use of these polymers may allow an efficient method of siRNA transfer into the cells in vitro to be obtained. The fluorescence polarization studies, as well as zeta potential and hydrodynamic diameter measurements were used to characterize the dendrimer:siRNA complexes. The cytotoxicity of dendrimers and dendriplexes was evaluated with the resazurin-based assay. Using the flow cytometry technique, the efficiency of siRNA transport to the myeloid cells was determined. This approach allowed us to determine the properties and optimal molar ratios of dendrimer:siRNA complexes, as well as to demonstrate that poly(lysine) dendrimers may serve as efficient carriers of genetic material, being much more effective than the commercially available transfection agent Lipofectamine 2000. This outcome provides the basis for further research on the application of poly(lysine) dendrimers as carriers for nucleic acids in the field of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (O.K.); (A.J.); (M.K.); (E.P.-W.)
| | - Olga Kopeć
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (O.K.); (A.J.); (M.K.); (E.P.-W.)
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (O.K.); (A.J.); (M.K.); (E.P.-W.)
| | - Małgorzata Konopka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (O.K.); (A.J.); (M.K.); (E.P.-W.)
| | - Elżbieta Pędziwiatr-Werbicka
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (O.K.); (A.J.); (M.K.); (E.P.-W.)
| | - Irina I. Tarasenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, V.O., 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Valeriy V. Bezrodnyi
- Department of Physics, St. Petersburg State University (SPbSU), 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Institute of Bioengineering, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Igor M. Neelov
- Institute of Bioengineering, St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (M.G.); (O.K.); (A.J.); (M.K.); (E.P.-W.)
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., 6 Hohe St., 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Miłowska K, Podlas M, Marcinkowska M, Ferenc M, Brahmi Y, Katir N, Majoral JP, Felczak A, Boruszewska A, Lisowska K, Bryszewska M, El Kadib A. Oleochemical-Tethered SBA-15-Type Silicates with Tunable Nanoscopic Order, Carboxylic Surface, and Hydrophobic Framework: Cellular Toxicity, Hemolysis, and Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2014; 20:9596-606. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ionov M, Garaiova Z, Waczulikova I, Wróbel D, Pędziwiatr-Werbicka E, Gomez-Ramirez R, de la Mata FJ, Klajnert B, Hianik T, Bryszewska M. siRNA carriers based on carbosilane dendrimers affect zeta potential and size of phospholipid vesicles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 2012; 1818:2209-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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