1
|
Wu CY, Zhou Y, Yin X, Peng R, Xie HN. Prenatal ultrasound findings and clinical outcomes of uniparental disomy: a retrospective study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:288. [PMID: 38637738 PMCID: PMC11027273 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uniparental disomy is the inheritance of a homologous chromosome pair or part of homologous chromosomes from only one parent. However, the clinical significance of uniparental disomy and the difference among the prognosis of involvement of different chromosomes remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To assess the associated prenatal ultrasound presentations and clinical outcomes of uniparental disomy on different chromosomes and to analyze the relationship between prenatal ultrasound markers and clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively analyzed data from fetuses with uniparental disomy diagnosed using chromosome microarray analysis with the Affymetrix CytoScan HD array at our institution between January 2013 and September 2022. The relationship between prenatal ultrasound findings, the involved chromosome(s), and clinical outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS During the study period, 36 fetuses with uniparental disomy were diagnosed, and two cases were excluded for non-available postnatal data. Finally, 34 fetuses were included in our study, of which 30 (88.2%) had uniparental disomy occurring on a single chromosome, while four (11.8%) were identified with uniparental disomy on different chromosomes. The most frequently involved chromosomes were chromosomes 16, X and 2, which presented in 8 (23.5%), 5 (14.7%) and 4 (11.8%), respectively. Prenatal ultrasound abnormalities were detected in 21 fetuses, with the most common category being multiple abnormalities (12 (57.1%)). Fetal growth restriction was identified in 14 (41.2%) fetuses, all of which coexisted with other abnormal findings. The rate of adverse perinatal outcomes in patients with uniparental disomy and fetal abnormalities was significantly higher than those without abnormalities (76.2% versus 15.4%, P = 0.002). The incidence of fetal or neonatal death was significantly higher in fetuses with fetal growth restriction than those without (85.7% versus 30.0%, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The prognosis of fetuses with uniparental disomy combined with fetal abnormalities, especially fetal growth restriction, was much poorer than those without.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Yi Wu
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fetal Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xia Yin
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fetal Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruan Peng
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fetal Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hong-Ning Xie
- Department of Ultrasonic Medicine, Fetal Medical Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang X, Zheng PS. Mechanism of chromosomal mosaicism in preimplantation embryos and its effect on embryo development. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03048-2. [PMID: 38386118 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy is one of the main causes of miscarriage and in vitro fertilization failure. Mitotic abnormalities in preimplantation embryos are the main cause of mosaicism, which may be influenced by several endogenous factors such as relaxation of cell cycle control mechanisms, defects in chromosome cohesion, centrosome aberrations and abnormal spindle assembly, and DNA replication stress. In addition, incomplete trisomy rescue is a rare cause of mosaicism. However, there may be a self-correcting mechanism in mosaic embryos, which allows some mosaicisms to potentially develop into normal embryos. At present, it is difficult to accurately diagnose mosaicism using preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy. Therefore, in clinical practice, embryos diagnosed as mosaic should be considered comprehensively based on the specific situation of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University of Medical School, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Sheng Zheng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University of Medical School, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, P.R. China.
- Section of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China, Xi'an, 710061, Shanxi, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu C, Li M, Gu T, Xie F, Zhang Y, Wang D, Peng J. Chromosomal microarray analysis for prenatal diagnosis of uniparental disomy: a retrospective study. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:3. [PMID: 38291465 PMCID: PMC10826057 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a valuable tool in prenatal diagnosis for the detection of chromosome uniparental disomy (UPD). This retrospective study examines fetuses undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis through Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K array analysis. We evaluated both chromosome G-banding karyotyping data and CMA results from 2007 cases subjected to amniocentesis. RESULTS The detection rate of regions of homozygosity (ROH) ≥ 10 Mb was 1.8% (33/2007), with chromosome 11 being the most frequently implicated (17.1%, 6/33). There were three cases where UPD predicted an abnormal phenotype based on imprinted gene expression. CONCLUSION The integration of UPD detection by CMA offers a more precise approach to prenatal genetic diagnosis. CMA proves effective in identifying ROH and preventing the birth of children affected by imprinting diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Xu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Miaoyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiancai Gu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fenghua Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Degang Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Peng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xue H, Yu A, Zhang L, Chen L, Guo Q, Lin M, Lin N, Chen X, Xu L, Huang H. Genetic testing for fetal loss of heterozygosity using single nucleotide polymorphism array and whole-exome sequencing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2190. [PMID: 38273042 PMCID: PMC10810965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The study explored the clinical significance of fetal loss of heterozygosity (LOH) identified by single-nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array). We retrospectively reviewed data from pregnant women who underwent invasive diagnostic procedures at prenatal diagnosis centers in southeastern China from December 2016 to December 2021. SNP array was performed by the Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K array platform. Fetuses with LOH were further identified by parental verification, MS-MLPA, and/or trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES). The genetic results, fetal clinical manifestations, and perinatal outcome were analyzed. Of 11,062 fetuses, 106 (0.96%) had LOH exhibiting a neutral copy number, 88 (83.0%) had LOH in a single chromosome, whereas 18 (17.0%) had multiple LOHs on different chromosomes. Sixty-six fetuses had ultrasound anomalies (UAs), most frequently fetal growth restriction (18/66 (27.3%)). Parental SNP array verification was performed in 21 cases and trio-WES in 21 cases. Twelve cases had clinically relevant uniparental disomy, five had pathogenic variants, four had likely pathogenic variants, six had variants of unknown significance, and eight had identity by descent. The rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes in fetuses with LOH and UAs (24/66 (36.4%)) was higher than in those without UAs (6/40 (15.0%)) (p < 0.05). LOH is not uncommon. Molecular genetic testing techniques, including parental SNP array verification, trio-WES, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, regular and systematic ultrasonic monitoring, and placental study, can accurately assess the prognosis and guide the management of the affected pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huili Xue
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Aili Yu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Fujian Medical University, No. 88 Jiaotong Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lingji Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qun Guo
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Min Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Hailong Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defects, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No. 18 Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, 350001, Fujian Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Qin S, Wang X, Wang J, Xi N, Yan M, He Y, Ye M, Zhang Z, Yin Y. Prenatal diagnosis of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and uniparental disomy and clinical outcomes evaluation of four fetuses. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:35. [PMID: 38057902 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few co-occurrence cases of mosaic aneuploidy and uniparental disomy (UPD) chromosomes have been reported in prenatal periods. It is a big challenge for us to predict fetal clinical outcomes with these chromosome abnormalities because of their highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations and limited phenotype attainable by ultrasound. METHODS Amniotic fluid samples were collected from four cases. Karyotype, chromosome microarray analysis, short tandem repeats, and whole exome sequencing were adopted to analyze fetal chromosomal aneuploidy, UPD, and gene variation. Meanwhile, CNVseq analysis proceeded for cultured and uncultured amniocytes in case 2 and case 4 and MS-MLPA for chr11 and chr15 in case 3. RESULTS All four fetuses showed mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and UPD simultaneously. The results were: Case 1: T2(7%) and UPD(2)mat(12%). Case 2: T15(60%) and UPD(15)mat(40%). Case 3: 45,X(13%) and genome-wide paternal UPD(20%). Case 4: <10% of T20 and > 90% UPD(20)mat in uncultured amniocyte. By analyzing their formation mechanism of mosaic chromosomal aneuploidy and UPD, at least two adverse genetic events happened during their meiosis and mitosis. The fetus of case 1 presented a benign with a normal intrauterine phenotype, consistent with a low proportion of trisomy cells. However, the other three fetuses had adverse pregnancy outcomes, resulting from the UPD chromosomes with imprinted regions involved or a higher level of mosaic aneuploidy. CONCLUSION UPD is often present with mosaic aneuploidy. It is necessary to analyze them simultaneously using a whole battery of analyses for these cases when their chromosomes with imprinted regions are involved or known carriers of a recessive allele. Fetal clinical outcomes were related to the affected chromosomes aneuploidy and UPD, mosaic levels and tissues, methylation status, and homozygous variation of recessive genes on the UPD chromosome. Genetic counseling for pregnant women with such fetuses is crucial to make informed choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfang Qin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Na Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengjia Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxia He
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengling Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, 610045, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang J, Mu F, Guo Z, Cai Z, Zeng X, Du L, Wang F. Chromosome analysis of foetal tissue from 1903 spontaneous abortion patients in 5 regions of China: a retrospective multicentre study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:818. [PMID: 38007414 PMCID: PMC10675863 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal foetal tissue chromosome karyotypes are one of the important pathogenic factors for spontaneous abortion (SA). To investigate the age and abnormal foetal karyotypes of 1903 couples who experienced SA. METHODS A retrospective multicentre study collected age and foetal tissue karyotypes CNV-seq data of 1903 SA couples from 6 hospitals in 5 regions from January 2017 to March 2022. The distribution and correlation of abnormal foetal tissue karyotypes were evaluated by using regions and age. RESULTS In our study, 1140 couples (60.5% of the total) had abnormal foetal tissue chromosome karyotypes in all regions. We found that there were differences in the number of abnormal foetal tissue chromosome karyotypes, of which the incidence of trisomy was higher. At the same time, the populations situated in the eastern region had a more triploid (15.5%) distribution, trisomy (58.1%) in the southern region, mosaicism (14.8%) and microduplication (31.7%) in the southwestern region, microdeletion (16.7%) in the northern region. There are variances across areas, and it is more common in the north. The incidence risk of prenatal chromosomal abnormalities varied according to age group. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that the karyotypes of patients with abnormal foetal tissue chromosome abortion in different regions were different. Meanwhile, patients ≥ 35 years old had a higher risk of abnormal foetal tissue chromosome abortion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Fangxiang Mu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Obstetrics Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zhongjie Guo
- Obstetrics Department, Third Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangdong, 510410, China
| | - Zhuhua Cai
- Gynaecology Department, Rui'an People's Hospital, Wenzhou, 325207, China
| | - Xianghui Zeng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Lirong Du
- Eugenics Clinical Department, Hebei Reproductive Health Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050090, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Q, Chen Y, Shi L, Tao Y, Li X, Zhu X, Yang Y, Xu W. Uniparental disomy: expanding the clinical and molecular phenotypes of whole chromosomes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1232059. [PMID: 37860673 PMCID: PMC10582337 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1232059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) refers to as both homologous chromosomes inherited from only one parent without identical copies from the other parent. Studies on clinical phenotypes in UPDs are usually focused on the documented UPD 6, 7, 11, 14, 15, and 20, which directly lead to imprinting disorders. This study describes clinical phenotypes and genetic findings of three patients with UPD 2, 9, and 14, respectively. Chromosomal microarray (CMA), UPDtool, methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis were performed to characterize the genetic etiology. The CMA revealed a homozygous region involving the whole chromosome 2 and 9, a partial region of homozygosity in chromosome 14. UPD-tool revealed a paternal origin of the UPD2. MS-MLPA showed hypomethylation of imprinting gene MEG3 from maternal origin in the UPD14 case. In addition, UPD14 case displayed complex symptoms including growth failure, hypotonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), accompanied by several gene mutations with heterozygous genotype by WES analysis. Furthermore, we reviewed the documented UPDs and summarized the clinical characteristics and prognosis. This study highlighted the importance to confirm the diagnosis and origin of UPD using genetic testing. Therefore, it is suggested that expanding of the detailed phenotypes and genotypes provide effective guidance for molecule testing and genetic counseling, and promote further biological investigation to the underlying mechanisms of imprinted disorders and accompanied copy number variations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yunpeng Chen
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Tao
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lü Y, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Hao N, Xu C, Guo R, Chang J, Li M, Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang W(V, Qi Q. Detection of Mosaic Absence of Heterozygosity (AOH) Using Low-Pass Whole Genome Sequencing in Prenatal Diagnosis: A Preliminary Report. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2895. [PMID: 37761262 PMCID: PMC10529865 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13182895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Mosaicism is a common biological phenomenon in organisms and has been reported in many types of chromosome abnormalities, including the absence of heterozygosity (AOH). Due to the detection limitations of the sequencing approach, mosaic AOH events are rarely assessed in clinical cases. Herein, we report the performance of mosaic AOH identification using a low-pass (5~8-fold) WGS method (termed 'CMA-seq', an abbreviation for 'Chromosome Analysis by Sequencing') in fetal genetic diagnosis. Methods: Thirty AOH-negative, eleven constitutional AOH, and three mosaic AOH samples were collected as training data sets to develop the algorithm and evaluate the suitable thresholds for distinguishing mosaic AOH. Twenty-four new chromosomal aberrant cases, along with sixteen constitutional AOH samples, which were previously ascertained via the SNP-array-based method, were used as a validation data set to measure the performance in terms of sensitivity and specificity of this algorithm. Results: A new statistic, 'D-value', was implemented to identify and distinguish constitutional and mosaic AOH events. The reporting thresholds for constitutional and mosaic AOH were also established. In the validation set consisting of 24 new cases, seven constitutional AOH cases and 1 mosaic AOH case were successfully identified, indicating that the results were consistent with those of the SNP-array-based method. The results of all sixteen constitutional AOH validation samples also met the threshold requirements. Conclusions: In this study, we developed a new bioinformatic algorithm to accurately distinguish mosaic AOH from constitutional AOH by low-pass WGS. However, due to the small sample size of the training data set, the algorithm proposed in this manuscript still needs further refinements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lü
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yulin Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiya Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Na Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenlu Xu
- AmCare Genomics Lab, Guangzhou 510335, China (W.Z.)
| | - Ruidong Guo
- AmCare Genomics Lab, Guangzhou 510335, China (W.Z.)
| | - Jiazhen Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hanzhe Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | | | - Qingwei Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Clinical Research Center for Obstetric & Gynecologic Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tan X, Liu B, Yan T, Wei X, Qin Y, Zeng D, Yuan D. Prenatal diagnosis of paternal uniparental disomy for chromosome 2 in two fetuses with intrauterine growth restriction. Mol Cytogenet 2023; 16:20. [PMID: 37612666 PMCID: PMC10464012 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-023-00647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is when all or part of the homologous chromosomes are inherited from only one of the two parents. Currently, UPD has been reported to occur for almost all chromosomes. In this study, we report two cases of UPD for chromosome 2 (UPD2) encountered during prenatal diagnosis. The ultrasound findings of the fetuses from two unrelated families showed intrauterine growth restriction. The karyotype analyses were normal. The two fetuses both had complete paternal chromosome 2 uniparental disomy detected by whole-exome sequencing, but their clinical outcomes were significantly different, with fetal arrest in case 1 and birth in case 2. In this report, we analyzed and discussed the phenotypes of the fetuses in these two cases and reviewed the literature on UPD2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Tan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Hospital of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Liuzhou, China
| | - Bailing Liu
- Department of Perinatal Health, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Tizhen Yan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China.
| | - Xiaobao Wei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Yanfeng Qin
- Department of Perinatal Health, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Dingyuan Zeng
- Department of Gynecology, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China
| | - Dejian Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China.
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China.
- Liuzhou Key Laboratory of Thalassemia Prevention and Control, Liuzhou Municipal Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Liuzhou, China.
- Department of Medical Genetics, Liuzhou Hospital of Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Liuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pignata L, Cecere F, Acquaviva F, D’Angelo E, Cioffi D, Pellino V, Palumbo O, Palumbo P, Carella M, Sparago A, De Brasi D, Cerrato F, Riccio A. Co-occurrence of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B: coincidence or common molecular mechanism? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1237629. [PMID: 37635873 PMCID: PMC10448386 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1237629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Imprinting disorders are congenital diseases caused by dysregulation of genomic imprinting, affecting growth, neurocognitive development, metabolism and cancer predisposition. Overlapping clinical features are often observed among this group of diseases. In rare cases, two fully expressed imprinting disorders may coexist in the same patient. A dozen cases of this type have been reported so far. Most of them are represented by individuals affected by Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) and Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (TNDM) or BWSp and Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B). All these patients displayed Multilocus imprinting disturbances (MLID). Here, we report the first case of co-occurrence of BWS and PHP1B in the same individual in absence of MLID. Genome-wide methylation and SNP-array analyses demonstrated loss of methylation of the KCNQ1OT1:TSS-DMR on chromosome 11p15.5 as molecular cause of BWSp, and upd(20)pat as cause of PHP1B. The absence of MLID and the heterodisomy of chromosome 20 suggests that BWSp and PHP1B arose through distinct and independent mechanism in our patient. However, we cannot exclude that the rare combination of the epigenetic defect on chromosome 11 and the UPD on chromosome 20 may originate from a common so far undetermined predisposing molecular lesion. A better comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the co-occurrence of two imprinting disorders will improve genetic counselling and estimate of familial recurrence risk of these rare cases. Furthermore, our study also supports the importance of multilocus molecular testing for revealing MLID as well as complex cases of imprinting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pignata
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecere
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Fabio Acquaviva
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Pediatria Generale e d’Urgenza, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia D’Angelo
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Cioffi
- UOSD Auxologia e Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Pediatria Specialistica, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Pellino
- UOSD Auxologia e Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Pediatria Specialistica, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Pietro Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angela Sparago
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniele De Brasi
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Dipartimento di Pediatria Generale e d’Urgenza, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
- Istituto di Genetica e Biofisica “Adriano Buzzati Traverso” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hara-Isono K, Matsubara K, Nakamura A, Sano S, Inoue T, Kawashima S, Fuke T, Yamazawa K, Fukami M, Ogata T, Kagami M. Risk assessment of assisted reproductive technology and parental age at childbirth for the development of uniparental disomy-mediated imprinting disorders caused by aneuploid gametes. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:78. [PMID: 37147716 PMCID: PMC10163687 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01494-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study suggested that assisted reproductive technology (ART) may be a possible risk factor for the development of epimutation-mediated imprinting disorders (epi-IDs) for mothers aged ≥ 30 years. However, whether ART or advanced parental age facilitates the development of uniparental disomy-mediated IDs (UPD-IDs) has not yet been investigated. RESULTS We enrolled 130 patients with aneuploid UPD-IDs including various IDs confirmed by molecular studies and obtained ART data of the general population and patients with epi-IDs from a robust nationwide database and our previous report, respectively. We compared the proportion of ART-conceived livebirths and maternal childbearing age between patients with UPD-IDs and the general population or patients with epi-IDs. The proportion of ART-conceived livebirths in patients with aneuploid UPD-IDs was consistent with that in the general population of maternal age ≥ 30 years and was lower than that in the patients with epi-IDs, although there was no significant difference. The maternal childbearing age of patients with aneuploid UPD-IDs was skewed to the increased ages with several cases exceeding the 97.5th percentile of maternal childbearing age of the general population and significantly higher than that of patients with epi-IDs (P < 0.001). In addition, we compared the proportion of ART-conceived livebirths and parental age at childbirth between patients with UPD-IDs caused by aneuploid oocytes (oUPD-IDs) and that by aneuploid sperm (sUPD-IDs). Almost all ART-conceived livebirths were identified in patients with oUPD-IDs, and both maternal age and paternal age at childbirth were significantly higher in patients with oUPD-IDs than in patients with sUPD-IDs. Because maternal age and paternal age were strongly correlated (rs = 0.637, P < 0.001), higher paternal age in oUPD-IDs was explained by the higher maternal age in this group. CONCLUSIONS Different from the case of epi-IDs, ART itself is not likely to facilitate the development of aneuploid UPD-IDs. We demonstrated that advanced maternal age can be a risk factor for the development of aneuploid UPD-IDs, particularly oUPD-IDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Hara-Isono
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiko Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akie Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8648, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sano
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, 860 Urushiyama, Aoi-Ku, Shizuoka, 420-8660, Japan
| | - Takanobu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fuke
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yamazawa
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Medical Genetics Center, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-8902, Japan
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Ogata
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1‑20‑1 Handayama, Higashi‑ku, Hamamatsu, 431‑3192, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu Medical Center, 328 Tomizuka Cho, Naka-Ku, Hamamatsu, 432-8580, Japan
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Polonis K, Lopes JL, Cabral H, Babcock HE, Kline L, Ruiz KM, Schwartz S, Hasadsri L, Rowsey RA, Hoppman NL. Uniparental disomy of multiple chromosomes in two cases with a complex phenotype. Am J Med Genet A 2023. [PMID: 37134191 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is the inheritance of both chromosomal homologs from one parent. Depending on the chromosome involved and the parental origin, UPD may result in phenotypic abnormalities due to aberrant methylation patterns or unmasking recessive conditions in isodisomic regions. UPD primarily originates from somatic rescue of a single meiotically-derived aneuploidy, most commonly a trisomy. Double UPD is exceedingly rare and triple UPD has not been previously described. Here, we report two unrelated clinical cases with UPD of multiple chromosomes; an 8-month-old male with maternal isodisomy of chromosome 7 and paternal isodisomy of chromosome 9, and a 4-week-old female with mixed paternal UPD for chromosomes 4, 10, and 14. These cases also demonstrate that although extremely rare, the detection of AOH on two or more chromosomes may warrant additional clinical and laboratory investigation such as methylation and STR marker analysis, especially when involving chromosomes known to be associated with imprinting disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Polonis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jaime L Lopes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Huong Cabral
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Holly E Babcock
- Rare Disease Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Laura Kline
- Women's Health and Genetics, Laboratory Corporation of America, Burlington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaylee M Ruiz
- Valley Children's Healthcare, Madera, California, USA
| | - Stuart Schwartz
- Women's Health and Genetics, Laboratory Corporation of America, Burlington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda Hasadsri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ross A Rowsey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicole L Hoppman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Acreman ML, Bussolaro S, Raymond YC, Fantasia I, Rolnik DL, Da Silva Costa F. The predictive value of prenatal cell-free DNA testing for rare autosomal trisomies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:292-305.e6. [PMID: 36027954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnostic accuracy of cell-free fetal DNA in screening for rare autosomal trisomies is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to determine the predictive value of cell-free DNA in screening for rare autosomal trisomies. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA All studies that reported on the diagnostic accuracy of cell-free DNA in the detection of rare autosomal trisomies were included. Case series were included if they contained at least 10 cases with diagnostic test results or postnatal genetic testing. METHODS Study appraisal was completed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool. Statistical analysis was performed using random-effects meta-analysis of double-arcsine transformed proportions of confirmed results in the fetus out of the positive tests to obtain a pooled estimate of the positive predictive value. RESULTS The search identified 7553 studies, of which 1852 were duplicates. After screening 5701 titles and abstracts, 380 studies proceeded to the full-text screen; 206 articles were retrieved for data extraction, of which another 175 articles were excluded. A total of 31 studies, with a total of 1703 women were included for analysis. The pooled positive predictive value of cell-free DNA for the diagnosis of rare autosomal trisomies was 11.46% (95% confidence interval, 7.80-15.65). Statistical heterogeneity was high (I2=82%). Sensitivity analysis restricted to 5 studies at low risk of bias demonstrated a pooled positive predictive value of 9.13% (95% confidence interval, 2.49-18.76). There were insufficient data to provide accurate ascertainment of sensitivity and specificity because most studies only offered confirmatory tests to women with high-risk results. CONCLUSION The positive predictive value of cell-free DNA in diagnosing rare autosomal trisomies is approximately 11%. Clinicians should provide this information when offering cell-free DNA for screening of conditions outside of common autosomal trisomies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Acreman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ipswich Hospital, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sofia Bussolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Yvette C Raymond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ilaria Fantasia
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Daniel L Rolnik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fabricio Da Silva Costa
- Maternal Foetal Medicine Unit, Gold Coast University Hospital and School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang LQ, Fernandez-Boyano I, Robinson WP. Genetic variation in placental insufficiency: What have we learned over time? Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1038358. [PMID: 36313546 PMCID: PMC9613937 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1038358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation shapes placental development and function, which has long been known to impact fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage or maternal pre-eclampsia. Early epidemiology studies provided evidence of a strong heritable component to these conditions with both maternal and fetal-placental genetic factors contributing. Subsequently, cytogenetic studies of the placenta and the advent of prenatal diagnosis to detect chromosomal abnormalities provided direct evidence of the importance of spontaneously arising genetic variation in the placenta, such as trisomy and uniparental disomy, drawing inferences that remain relevant to this day. Candidate gene approaches highlighted the role of genetic variation in genes influencing immune interactions at the maternal-fetal interface and angiogenic factors. More recently, the emergence of molecular techniques and in particular high-throughput technologies such as Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays, has facilitated the discovery of copy number variation and study of SNP associations with conditions related to placental insufficiency. This review integrates past and more recent knowledge to provide important insights into the role of placental function on fetal and perinatal health, as well as into the mechanisms leading to genetic variation during development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Qing Wang
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Icíar Fernandez-Boyano
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy P. Robinson
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Wendy P. Robinson,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kivrak Pfiffner F, Koller S, Ménétrey A, Graf U, Bähr L, Maspoli A, Hackenberg A, Kottke R, Gerth-Kahlert C, Berger W. Homozygosity for a Novel DOCK7 Variant Due to Segmental Uniparental Isodisomy of Chromosome 1 Associated with Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIEE) and Cortical Visual Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137382. [PMID: 35806387 PMCID: PMC9266905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) is a severe neurologic and neurodevelopmental disease that manifests in the first year of life. It shows a high degree of genetic heterogeneity, but the genetic origin is only identified in half of the cases. We report the case of a female child initially diagnosed with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), an early-onset retinal dystrophy due to photoreceptor cell degeneration in the retina. The first examination at 9 months of age revealed no reaction to light or objects and showed wandering eye movements. Ophthalmological examination did not show any ocular abnormalities. The patient displayed mildly dysmorphic features and a global developmental delay. Brain MRI demonstrated pontine hypo-/dysplasia. The patient developed myoclonic epileptic seizures and epileptic spasms with focal and generalized epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) at the age of 16 months. Genetic screening for a potentially pathogenic DNA sequence variant by whole-exome sequencing (WES) revealed a novel, conserved, homozygous frameshift variant (c.5391delA, p.(Ala1798LeufsTer59)) in exon 42 of the DOCK7 gene (NM_001271999.1). Further analysis by SNP array (Karyomapping) showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in four segments of chromosome 1. WES data of the parents and the index patient (trio analysis) demonstrated that chromosome 1 was exclusively inherited from the mother. Four LOH segments of chromosome 1 alternately showed isodisomy (UPiD) and heterodisomy (UPhD). In WES data, the father was a noncarrier, and the mother was heterozygous for this DOCK7 variant. The DOCK7 gene is located in 1p31.3, a region situated in one of the four isodisomic segments of chromosome 1, explaining the homozygosity seen in the affected child. Finally, Sanger sequencing confirmed maternal UPiD for the DOCK7 variant. Homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in the DOCK7 (dedicator of cytokinesis 7) gene are associated with autosomal recessive, early infantile epileptic encephalopathy 23 (EIEE23; OMIM #615,859), a rare and heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed during early childhood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of segmental uniparental iso- and heterodisomy of chromosome 1, leading to homozygosity of the DOCK7 frameshift variant in the affected patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kivrak Pfiffner
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Samuel Koller
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Anika Ménétrey
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Urs Graf
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Luzy Bähr
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandro Maspoli
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Annette Hackenberg
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Raimund Kottke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | | | - Wolfgang Berger
- Institute of Medical Molecular Genetics, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 12, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (F.K.P.); (S.K.); (U.G.); (L.B.); (A.M.)
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li S, Shi Y, Han X, Chen Y, Shen Y, Hu W, Zhao X, Wang Y. Prenatal Diagnosis of Chromosomal Mosaicism in Over 18,000 Pregnancies: A Five-Year Single-Tertiary-Center Retrospective Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:876887. [PMID: 35651933 PMCID: PMC9150818 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.876887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chromosomal mosaicism (CM) is a common biological phenomenon observed in humans. It is one of the main challenges in prenatal diagnosis due to uncertain outcomes, especially when fetal ultrasonographic features appear normal. This study aimed to assess the phenotypic features of CM detected during prenatal diagnosis and the risk factors affecting parents’ pregnancy decisions. Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study involving 18,374 consecutive pregnancies that underwent prenatal diagnosis by karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) was conducted. The association of risk factors with malformations detected by ultrasound and pregnancy outcomes was assessed using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression. Discordant results between the different methods were identified and further analyzed. Results: During this five-year period, 118 (0.6%) patients were diagnosed with CM. The incidences of CM in the chorionic villus, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood were 3.2, 0.5, and 0.7%, respectively. The frequency of ultrasound malformations in individuals with a high fraction of autosomal CM was significantly higher than that in other groups (62.5% vs. 21.4–33.3%, all p <0.05). Inconsistent results between karyotyping and CMA/FISH were observed in 23 cases (19.5%). The risk of pregnancy termination in cases with ultrasound malformations, consistent results, autosomal CM, or a high CM fraction increased with an odds ratio of 3.09, 8.35, 2.30, and 7.62 (all p <0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that all four factors were independent risk factors for the termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: Patients with a high fraction of autosomal CM are more likely to have ultrasound malformations. Inconsistent results between different methods in CM are not rare. Ultrasound malformations, consistent results between different methods, autosomal CM, and a high CM fraction were independent risk factors for the choice to terminate pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Shi
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Han
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghua Shen
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Hu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Zhao
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pignata L, Cecere F, Verma A, Hay Mele B, Monticelli M, Acurzio B, Giaccari C, Sparago A, Hernandez Mora JR, Monteagudo-Sánchez A, Esteller M, Pereda A, Tenorio-Castano J, Palumbo O, Carella M, Prontera P, Piscopo C, Accadia M, Lapunzina P, Cubellis MV, de Nanclares GP, Monk D, Riccio A, Cerrato F. Novel genetic variants of KHDC3L and other members of the subcortical maternal complex associated with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome or Pseudohypoparathyroidism 1B and multi-locus imprinting disturbances. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:71. [PMID: 35643636 PMCID: PMC9148495 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B (PHP1B) are imprinting disorders (ID) caused by deregulation of the imprinted gene clusters located at 11p15.5 and 20q13.32, respectively. In both of these diseases a subset of the patients is affected by multi-locus imprinting disturbances (MLID). In several families, MLID is associated with damaging variants of maternal-effect genes encoding protein components of the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC). However, frequency, penetrance and recurrence risks of these variants are still undefined. In this study, we screened two cohorts of BWS patients and one cohort of PHP1B patients for the presence of MLID, and analysed the positive cases for the presence of maternal variants in the SCMC genes by whole exome-sequencing and in silico functional studies. RESULTS We identified 10 new cases of MLID associated with the clinical features of either BWS or PHP1B, in which segregate 13 maternal putatively damaging missense variants of the SCMC genes. The affected genes also included KHDC3L that has not been associated with MLID to date. Moreover, we highlight the possible relevance of relatively common variants in the aetiology of MLID. CONCLUSION Our data further add to the list of the SCMC components and maternal variants that are involved in MLID, as well as of the associated clinical phenotypes. Also, we propose that in addition to rare variants, common variants may play a role in the aetiology of MLID and imprinting disorders by exerting an additive effect in combination with rarer putatively damaging variants. These findings provide useful information for the molecular diagnosis and recurrence risk evaluation of MLID-associated IDs in genetic counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pignata
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecere
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Ankit Verma
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Hay Mele
- Department of Biology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monticelli
- Department of Biology, Università Degli Studi Di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Basilia Acurzio
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Giaccari
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Sparago
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Jose Ramon Hernandez Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Imprinting and Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Monteagudo-Sánchez
- Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Imprinting and Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukeamia Research Institute, Can Ruti, Cami de les Escoles, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arrate Pereda
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Rare Diseases Research Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, C/Jose Atxotegi s/n, 01009, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jair Tenorio-Castano
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, INGEMM-Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Orazio Palumbo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Massimo Carella
- Division of Medical Genetics, Fondazione IRCCS "Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza", 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Medical Genetics Unit, University and Hospital of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical and Laboratory Genetics Unit, "Antonio Cardarelli" Hospital, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Accadia
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital "Cardinale G. Panico", 73039, Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Pablo Lapunzina
- CIBERER, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Medical and Molecular Genetics, INGEMM-Idipaz, Madrid, Spain
- ITHACA, European Reference Network, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Guiomar Perez de Nanclares
- Molecular (Epi)Genetics Laboratory, Rare Diseases Research Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Araba University Hospital-Txagorritxu, C/Jose Atxotegi s/n, 01009, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - David Monk
- Cancer Epigenetic and Biology Program (PEBC), Imprinting and Cancer Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomedica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Avinguda Granvia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TG, UK
| | - Andrea Riccio
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Naples, Italy.
| | - Flavia Cerrato
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chien SC, Chen CP, Liou JD. Prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of uniparental disomy. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:210-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Yang IJ, Tu YA, Pan SP, Huang TC, Chen CL, Lin MW, Tsai YY, Yao YL, Su YN, Chen SU. First report of a successful pregnancy by preimplantation genetic testing for Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:174-179. [PMID: 35181034 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a rare imprinting gene disorder. Maternal CDKN1C mutation comprises 5% of etiologies of BWS. There is no successful report of preventing BWS by preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) in the literature. Is PGT-M applicable for preventing BWS ? CASE REPORT This 39-year-old woman conceived naturally and delivered a boy who was diagnosed of BWS. The genetic testing of her son revealed CDKN1C gene mutation, and of the mother showed a carrier of the same mutation. She underwent controlled ovarian stimulation, oocyte pickup, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Trophectoderm biopsies were performed and samples were checked for PGT. Two wild-type and euploid embryos were thawed and transferred. One intrauterine pregnancy was achieved. The patient delivered a healthy female baby at 37 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION In this case, we first report a successful pregnancy with a wild-type CDKN1C gene baby achieved by PGT-M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ih-Jane Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Song-Po Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yi Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ning Su
- Sofiva Genomics Co, Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan; Dianthus Maternal Fetal Medicine Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shee-Uan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liehr T. Uniparental disomy is a chromosomic disorder in the first place. Mol Cytogenet 2022; 15:5. [PMID: 35177099 PMCID: PMC8851757 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-022-00585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uniparental disomy (UPD) is well-known to be closely intermingled with imprinting disorders. Besides, UPD can lead to a disease by ‘activation’ of a recessive gene mutation or due to incomplete (cryptic) trisomic rescue. Corresponding to all common theories how UPD forms, it takes place as a consequence of a “chromosomic problem”, like an aneuploidy or a chromosomal rearrangement. Nonetheless, UPD is rarely considered as a cytogenetic, but most often as a molecular genetic problem. Results Here a review on the ~ 4900 published UPD-cases is provided, and even though being biased as discussed in the paper, the following insights have been given from that analysis: (1) the rate of maternal to paternal UPD is 2~3 to 1; (2) at most only ~ 0.03% of the available UPD cases are grasped scientifically, yet; (3) frequencies of single whole-chromosome UPDs are non-random, with UPD(16) and UPD(15) being most frequent in clinically healthy and diseased people, respectively; (4) there is a direct correlation of UPD frequency and known frequent first trimester trisomies, except for chromosomes 1, 5, 11 and 18 (which can be explained); (5) heterodisomy is under- and UPD-mosaicism is over-represented in recent reports; and (6) cytogenetics is not considered enough when a UPD is identified. Conclusions As UPD is diagnosed using molecular genetic approaches, and thus by specialists considering chromosomes at best as a whim of nature, most UPD reports lack the chromosomal aspect. Here it is affirmed and substantiated by corresponding data that UPD is a chromosomic disorder in the first place and cytogenetic analyses is indicated in each diagnosed UPD-case. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13039-022-00585-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Prenatal and Neonatal Characteristics of Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030679. [PMID: 35160130 PMCID: PMC8837147 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic syndrome with a wide spectrum of clinical features in early life. Late diagnoses are still present. We characterized the perinatal and neonatal features of PWS, compared them with those of healthy newborns and assessed the prenatal and neonatal differences between the genetic subtypes. Design: A cohort study in children with PWS. The prevalence of variables was compared with healthy infants (PLUTO cohort) and to population statistics from literature. Patients: 244 infants with PWS and 365 healthy infants. Measurements: Data on prenatal and neonatal variables in both cohorts. Population statistics were collected through an extensive literature search. Results: A higher prevalence of maternal age >35 years was found in PWS compared to healthy infants and population statistics, and the highest maternal age was found in the mUPD group. Higher prevalence of polyhydramnios, caesarean section, labour induction and breech presentation, and lower birth weight SDS was found in PWS compared to healthy infants. High prevalences of decreased fetal movements (78.5%), hypotonia (100%), cryptorchism (95.9%) and poor sucking/tube feeding (93.9%) were found in PWS. Conclusions: This study presents an overview of prenatal and neonatal variables in infants with PWS compared to healthy infants. Our findings may increase clinical awareness of the early perinatal signs of PWS by obstetricians, neonatologists and all those involved in infant care, enabling early diagnosis and start of multidisciplinary treatment.
Collapse
|
22
|
Harasim T, Neuhann T, Behnecke A, Stampfer M, Holinski-Feder E, Abicht A. Initial Clinical Experience with NIPT for Rare Autosomal Aneuploidies and Large Copy Number Variations. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020372. [PMID: 35054066 PMCID: PMC8777675 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Amniocentesis, chorionic villi sampling and first trimester combined testing are able to screen for common trisomies 13, 18, and 21 and other atypical chromosomal anomalies (ACA). The most frequent atypical aberrations reported are rare autosomal aneuploidies (RAA) and copy number variations (CNV), which are deletions or duplications of various sizes. We evaluated the clinical outcome of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results positive for RAA and large CNVs to determine the clinical significance of these abnormal results. METHODS Genome-wide NIPT was performed on 3664 eligible patient samples at a single genetics center. For patients with positive NIPT reports, the prescribing physician was asked retrospectively to provide clinical follow-up information using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS RAAs and CNVs (>7 Mb) were detected in 0.5%, and 0.2% of tested cases, respectively. Follow up on pregnancies with an NIPT-positive result for RAA revealed signs of placental insufficiency or intra-uterine death in 50% of the cases and normal outcome at the time of birth in the other 50% of cases. We showed that CNV testing by NIPT allows for the detection of unbalanced translocations and relevant maternal health conditions. CONCLUSION NIPT for aneuploidies of all autosomes and large CNVs of at least 7 Mb has a low "non-reportable"-rate (<0.2%) and allows the detection of additional conditions of clinical significance.
Collapse
|
23
|
Verdyck P, Berckmoes V, Van Laere S, Keymolen K, Olsen C, De Rycke M. Analysis of parental contribution for aneuploidy detection (APCAD): a novel method to detect aneuploidy and mosaicism in preimplantation embryos. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:459-468. [PMID: 34930679 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Can (mosaic) aneuploidy be reliably detected in preimplantation embryos after multiple displacement amplification and single nucleotide polymorphism detection, independent of haplotyping and copy number detection, with a new method 'analysis of parental contribution for aneuploidy detection' or 'APCAD'? DESIGN This method is based on the maternal contribution, a parameter that reflects the proportion of DNA that is of maternal origin for a given chromosome or chromosome segment. A maternal contribution deviating from 50% for autosomes is strongly indicative of a (mosaic) chromosomal anomaly. The method was optimized using cell mixtures with varying ratios of euploid and aneuploid (47,XY,+21) lymphocytes. Next, the maternal contribution was retrospectively measured for all chromosomes from 349 Karyomapping samples. RESULTS Retrospective analysis showed a skewed maternal contribution (<36.4 or >63.6%) in 57 out of 59 autosome meiotic trisomies and all autosome monosomies (n = 57), with values close to theoretical expectation. Thirty-two out of 7436 chromosomes, for which no anomalies had been observed with Karyomapping, showed a similarly skewed maternal contribution. CONCLUSIONS APCAD was used to measure the maternal contribution, which is an intuitive parameter independent of copy number detection. This method is useful for detecting copy number neutral anomalies and can confirm diagnosis of (mosaic) aneuploidy detected based on copy number. Mosaic and complete aneuploidy can be distinguished and the parent of origin for (mosaic) chromosome anomalies can be determined. Because of these benefits, the APCAD method has the potential to improve aneuploidy detection carried out by comprehensive preimplantation genetic testing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Verdyck
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium.
| | - Veerle Berckmoes
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Sven Van Laere
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Interfaculty Center Data Processing and Statistics, Laarbeeklaan 103, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Kathelijn Keymolen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium; Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| | - Martine De Rycke
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Centrum Medische Genetica, Laarbeeklaan 101, Brussels 1090, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bu X, Li X, Zhou S, Shi L, Jiang X, Peng C, Li H, He J. Prenatal diagnosis of complete paternal uniparental isodisomy for chromosome 3: a case report. Mol Cytogenet 2021; 14:50. [PMID: 34742342 PMCID: PMC8572431 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-021-00569-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uniparental disomy (UPD) is defined as an inheritance of two chromosomes from only one of the parents with no representative copy from the other. Paternal-origin UPD of chromosome 3 is a very rare condition, with only five cases of paternal UPD(3) reported. Case presentation Here, we report a prenatal case that is only the second confirmed paternal UPD(3) reported with no apparent disease phenotype. The fetus had a normal karyotype and normal ultrasound features throughout gestation. Copy neutral regions of homozygosity on chromosome 3 were identified by single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Subsequent SNP array data of parent–child trios showed that the fetus carried complete paternal uniparental isodisomy (isoUPD) of chromosome 3. The parents decided to continue with the pregnancy after genetic counseling, and the neonate had normal physical findings at birth and showed normal development after 1.5 years. Conclusions These findings provided further evidence to confirm that there were no important imprinted genes on paternal chromosome 3 that caused serious diseases and a reference for the prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of UPD(3) in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Bu
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, 413000, Hunan, China
| | - Shihao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Liangcheng Shi
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Xuanyu Jiang
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Can Peng
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Genetics and Eugenics, Changsha Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Besser AG, Mounts EL, Grifo JA. Evidence-based management of preimplantation chromosomal mosaicism: lessons from the clinic. Fertil Steril 2021; 116:1220-1224. [PMID: 34373104 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic results obtained through preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy pose ongoing challenges to clinical practice. Thorough genetic counseling for patients considering mosaic embryo transfer is consistently recommended by many best-practice statements, and providers are charged with the task of assessing and explaining potential prenatal, neonatal, and long-term risks. However, an increasing amount of outcome data from transferred embryos with mosaic results do not show any evidence of increased risk to ongoing pregnancies or newborns. This article examines how to reconcile these data with the current practices for patient education about preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy and mosaic embryo risk assessment, through an evidence-based lens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James A Grifo
- NYU Langone Prelude Fertility Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Eggermann T. Maternal Effect Mutations: A Novel Cause for Human Reproductive Failure. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2021; 81:780-788. [PMID: 34294945 PMCID: PMC8288500 DOI: 10.1055/a-1396-4390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alterations significantly contribute to the aetiology of reproductive failure and comprise monogenic, chromosomal and epigenetic disturbances. The implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) based approaches in research and diagnostics allows the comprehensive analysis of these genetic causes, and the increasing detection rates of genetic mutations causing reproductive complications confirm the potential of the new techniques. Whereas mutations affecting the fetal genome are well known to affect pregnancies and their outcome, the contribution of alterations of the maternal genome was widely unclear. With the recent mainly NGS-based identification of maternal effect variants, a new cause of human reproductive failure has been identified. Maternal effect mutations affect the expression of subcortical maternal complex (SCMC) proteins from the maternal genome, and thereby disturb oocyte maturation and progression of the early embryo. They cause a broad range of reproductive failures and pregnancy complications, including infertility, miscarriages, hydatidiform moles, aneuploidies and imprinting disturbances in the fetus. The identification of women carrying these molecular alterations in SCMC encoding genes is therefore essential for a personalised reproductive and genetic counselling. The diagnostic application of new NGS-based assays allows the comprehensive analysis of these factors, and helps to further decipher these functional links between the factors and their disturbances. A close interdisciplinary collaboration between different disciplines is definitely required to further decipher the complex regulation of early embryo development, and to translate the basic research results into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang H, Cai M, Liu L, Xu L, Lin N. Effectiveness of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis for Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Echogenic Intracardiac Focus: A Single-Center Experience. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:1991-1997. [PMID: 34045891 PMCID: PMC8149271 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s311800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF) is a common ultrasound finding during pregnancy. However, the correlation between fetal EIF and cardiac abnormality remains in dispute until now. The study aimed to examine the association of fetal EIF with chromosomal abnormality by means of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 192 pregnant women with fetal EIF undergoing amniocentesis or umbilical cord blood puncture were recruited and assigned into groups A (8 cases with isolated EIF alone), B (75 cases with EIF and other cardiac malformations) and C (109 cases with EIF and extracardiac malformations). All fetuses underwent karyotyping analysis and CMA simultaneously. The detection of chromosomal abnormality and copy number variations (CNVs) were compared. RESULTS Chromosomal karyotyping identified 5 fetuses with chromosomal abnormality, including 3 cases with trisomy 21, one fetus with Turner's syndrome, and one fetus with chromosome 8 mosaicism, while CMA detected 6 additional fetuses with CNVs, including 2 fetuses with pathogenic CNVs and 4 fetuses with variants of uncertain significance (VOUS). There was no significant difference among groups A (0), B (5.33%) and C (6.42%) in terms of the prevalence of chromosomal abnormality (P> 0.05). Among the 4 fetuses with VOUS, pregnancy continued in 2 fetuses, and pregnancy was terminated in other 2 fetuses. CONCLUSION An isolated EIF may not correlate with chromosomal abnormality. However, CMA is recommended in fetuses with CMA complicated by other abnormal cardiac ultrasound findings, which facilitates the prediction of fetal outcomes during the genetic counseling and precision assessment of prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Huang
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiying Cai
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linyu Liu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 350001, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gou L, Fang Y, Wang N, Zhang M, Liu T, Wang Y, Hu S, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Wang Y, Suo F, Gu M. Clinical management of pregnancies with positive screening results for rare autosomal aneuploidies at a single center. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060520966877. [PMID: 33167762 PMCID: PMC7658522 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520966877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review our experiences on clinical management of pregnancies with positive noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results for rare autosomal aneuploidies (RAAs) at a single center. Methods We performed a retrospective study and reviewed data from 18,016 pregnancies undergoing NIPT at a single center in China from March 2017 to February 2020. Depending on the patient’s choice, women with positive screening results for RAAs underwent chromosomal microarray analysis for invasive prenatal diagnosis. Results Thirty-three positive cases for RAAs were identified, with a positive screening rate of 0.18%. The most common RAA was trisomy 7 (33.3%), while trisomies for other chromosomes were less frequent. Monosomies involving chromosomes 16, 14, and 22 were observed. Twenty-eight cases of RAAs underwent invasive diagnosis. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes were observed in four cases, including true fetal mosaicism (n=1), partial uniparental disomy (n=1), miscarriage (n=1), and structural anomalies on ultrasound (n=1). Conclusions RAAs at NIPT might be associated with fetal uniparental disomy, mosaic aneuploidy, and poor pregnancy outcomes, but most positive cases have normal pregnancy outcomes. For RAAs, genetic counseling on the potential risks of abnormal NIPT results, as well as on benefits and limitations of invasive prenatal diagnosis, might help guide clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingshan Gou
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Na Wang
- DAAN Gene Co., Ltd. of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunan Hu
- Office of Scientific Research & Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Zhejiang Biosan Biochemical Technologies Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Suo
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Maosheng Gu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boluda-Navarro M, Ibáñez M, Liquori A, Franco-Jarava C, Martínez-Gallo M, Rodríguez-Vega H, Teresa J, Carreras C, Such E, Zúñiga Á, Colobran R, Cervera JV. Case Report: Partial Uniparental Disomy Unmasks a Novel Recessive Mutation in the LYST Gene in a Patient With a Severe Phenotype of Chédiak-Higashi Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625591. [PMID: 33868243 PMCID: PMC8044466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive (AR) immune disorder that has usually been associated to missense, nonsense or indels mutations in the LYST gene. In this study, we describe for the first time the case of a CHS patient carrying a homozygous mutation in the LYST gene inherited as a result of a partial uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) of maternal origin. Sanger sequencing of the LYST cDNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-arrays were performed to identify the causative mutation and to explain the molecular mechanism of inheritance, respectively. Partial-UPiD leads to a copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) of the telomeric region of chromosome 1 (1q41q44), unmasking the potential effect of the mutation detected. The mutation (c.8380dupT) is an insertion located in exon 32 of the LYST gene resulting in a premature stop codon and leading to the loss of all the conserved domains at the C-terminal of the LYST protein. This would account for the severe phenotype observed. We also reviewed the only two previously reported cases of CHS as a result of a uniparental disomy. In this study, we show that the combination of different strategies, including the use of SNP-arrays, is pivotal to fine-tune the diagnosis of rare AR disorders, such as CHS. Moreover, this case highlights the relevance of uniparental disomy as a potential mechanism of CHS expression in non-consanguineous families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Boluda-Navarro
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariam Ibáñez
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Liquori
- Accredited Research Group in Hematology and Hemotherapy, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Franco-Jarava
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Diagnostic Immunology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Martínez-Gallo
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Diagnostic Immunology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Héctor Rodríguez-Vega
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaijo Teresa
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Carreras
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esperanza Such
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Zúñiga
- Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Diagnostic Immunology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Vicente Cervera
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Barcelona, Spain.,Genetics Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bedei I, Wolter A, Weber A, Signore F, Axt-Fliedner R. Chances and Challenges of New Genetic Screening Technologies (NIPT) in Prenatal Medicine from a Clinical Perspective: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:501. [PMID: 33805390 PMCID: PMC8065512 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 1959, 63 years after the death of John Langdon Down, Jérôme Lejeune discovered trisomy 21 as the genetic reason for Down syndrome. Screening for Down syndrome has been applied since the 1960s by using maternal age as the risk parameter. Since then, several advances have been made. First trimester screening, combining maternal age, maternal serum parameters and ultrasound findings, emerged in the 1990s with a detection rate (DR) of around 90-95% and a false positive rate (FPR) of around 5%, also looking for trisomy 13 and 18. With the development of high-resolution ultrasound, around 50% of fetal anomalies are now detected in the first trimester. Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for trisomy 21, 13 and 18 is a highly efficient screening method and has been applied as a first-line or a contingent screening approach all over the world since 2012, in some countries without a systematic screening program. Concomitant with the rise in technology, the possibility of screening for other genetic conditions by analysis of cfDNA, such as sex chromosome anomalies (SCAs), rare autosomal anomalies (RATs) and microdeletions and duplications, is offered by different providers to an often not preselected population of pregnant women. Most of the research in the field is done by commercial providers, and some of the tests are on the market without validated data on test performance. This raises difficulties in the counseling process and makes it nearly impossible to obtain informed consent. In parallel with the advent of new screening technologies, an expansion of diagnostic methods has begun to be applied after invasive procedures. The karyotype has been the gold standard for decades. Chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) able to detect deletions and duplications on a submicroscopic level have replaced the conventional karyotyping in many countries. Sequencing methods such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) tremendously amplify the diagnostic yield in fetuses with ultrasound anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Bedei
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.A.-F.)
| | - Aline Wolter
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.A.-F.)
| | - Axel Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Opedale S. Eugenio, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roland Axt-Fliedner
- Department of Prenatal Medicine and Fetal Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (A.W.); (R.A.-F.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ma N, Xi H, Chen J, Peng Y, Jia Z, Yang S, Hu J, Pang J, Zhang Y, Hu R, Wang H, Liu J. Integrated CNV-seq, karyotyping and SNP-array analyses for effective prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal mosaicism. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:56. [PMID: 33632221 PMCID: PMC7905897 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies suggest that low-coverage massively parallel copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) more sensitive than chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) for detecting low-level mosaicism. However, a retrospective back-to-back comparison evaluating accuracy, efficacy, and incremental yield of CNV-seq compared with CMA is warranted. METHODS A total of 72 mosaicism cases identified by karyotyping or CMA were recruited to the study. There were 67 mosaic samples co-analysed by CMA and CNV-seq, comprising 40 with sex chromosome aneuploidy, 22 with autosomal aneuploidy and 5 with large cryptic genomic rearrangements. RESULTS Of the 67 positive mosaic cases, the levels of mosaicism defined by CNV-seq ranged from 6 to 92% compared to the ratio from 3 to 90% by karyotyping and 20% to 72% by CMA. CNV-seq not only identified all 43 chromosomal aneuploidies or large cryptic genomic rearrangements detected by CMA, but also provided a 34.88% (15/43) increased yield compared with CMA. The improved yield of mosaicism detection by CNV-seq was largely due to the ability to detect low level mosaicism below 20%. CONCLUSION In the context of prenatal diagnosis, CNV-seq identified additional and clinically significant mosaicism with enhanced resolution and increased sensitivity. This study provides strong evidence for applying CNV-seq as an alternative to CMA for detection of aneuploidy and mosaic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiancheng Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jialun Pang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lindgren V, Cobian K, Bhat G. Temple syndrome resulting from uniparental disomy is undiagnosed by a methylation assay due to low-level mosaicism for trisomy 14. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:1538-1543. [PMID: 33595182 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a patient with Temple syndrome resulting from maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 who also has low-level mosaicism for trisomy 14. UPD was initially suspected when SNP microarray analysis detected a large region of homozygosity on chromosome 14 and the patient's clinical features were consistent with the phenotype of upd(14)mat. However, SNP arrays cannot prove UPD, as homozygosity may also result from identity by descent. Methylation assays diagnose imprinting disorders such as Prader-Willi, Angelman and Temple syndromes; they detect methylation defects that occur in imprinted loci, which have parent-of-origin-specific expression and have the advantage of making a diagnosis without parental samples. However, in this patient methylation analysis using endpoint PCR detected biparental inheritance. Therefore, sequencing analysis was performed and diagnosed upd(14)mat. Re-examination of the microarray suggested that the explanation for the discrepancy between the array and methylation testing was low-level mosaicism for trisomy 14 and fluorescence in situ hybridization testing detected a trisomic cell line. Thus, this patient's Temple syndrome is a result of a maternal M1 error, which gave a trisomic zygote, followed by loss of the paternal chromosome 14 in an early mitotic division to give maternal UPD with low-level mosaicism for trisomy 14. The methylation assay detected the paternal allele in the trisomic line. The diagnostic failure of the methylation assay in this patient highlights a significant shortcoming of methylation endpoint analysis, especially for Temple syndrome, and underscores the need to use other methods in cases with mosaicism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Lindgren
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Cobian
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gifty Bhat
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu J, He Z, Lin S, Wang Y, Huang L, Huang X, Luo Y. Absence of heterozygosity detected by single-nucleotide polymorphism array in prenatal diagnosis. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2021; 57:314-323. [PMID: 31840905 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the general occurrence and clinical significance of absence of heterozygosity (AOH), detected by single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array on prenatal diagnosis. METHODS We recruited pregnancies undergoing invasive prenatal diagnosis at our fetal medicine center over a 6-year period. All fetuses underwent SNP array using the Affymetrix CytoScan HD array platform. AOH was defined as a chromosomal homozygosity segment with neutral copy number. Cases with AOH over 10 Mb in size or with suspected pathogenicity were further analyzed, and the clinical features and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS Of 10 294 recruited fetuses, 100 (0.97%) with AOH were identified; in 81 (81.0%) of these, AOH occurred in a single chromosome, while 19 (19.0%) patients had multiple AOHs in different chromosomes. AOH was observed in all chromosomes, chromosomes X, 2 and 16 being the most frequently involved. The length of AOH ranged from partial chromosome (9.002-80.222 Mb) to the entire chromosome. Similar AOH regions displayed varied clinical manifestations. In total, 55 patients presented with concomitant ultrasound abnormalities, the most common being multiple abnormalities (14/55 (25.5%)), genitourinary malformations (8/55 (14.5%)), skeletal malformations (5/55 (9.1%)) and small-for-gestational age (5/55 (9.1%)). Notably, the rate of adverse perinatal outcome (including termination of pregnancy, neonatal death, fetal death, selective reduction and miscarriage) in fetuses with AOH and ultrasound abnormalities (30/48 (62.5%)) was higher than in those without ultrasound abnormalities (6/40 (15.0%)) (P < 0.001). Further non-invasive prenatal testing using cell-free fetal DNA from maternal blood indicated chromosomal copy number abnormalities in 11 patients; however, they were confirmed as AOH by SNP array of the amniotic fluid. CONCLUSIONS Genetic counseling regarding a prenatal diagnosis of AOH remains challenging. To evaluate comprehensively its significance, we propose a management strategy involving further serial ultrasound examinations, parental verification, whole-exome sequencing, placental study and effective follow-up. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Z He
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - S Lin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Villanueva-Hayes C, Millership SJ. Imprinted Genes Impact Upon Beta Cell Function in the Current (and Potentially Next) Generation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:660532. [PMID: 33986727 PMCID: PMC8112240 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.660532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta cell failure lies at the centre of the aetiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and the epigenetic control of the expression of critical beta cell genes appears to play a major role in this decline. One such group of epigenetically-controlled genes, termed 'imprinted' genes, are characterised by transgenerational monoallelic expression due to differential allelic DNA methylation and play key functional roles within beta cells. Here, we review the evidence for this functional importance of imprinted genes in beta cells as well as their nutritional regulation by the diet and their altered methylation and/or expression in rodent models of diabetes and in type 2 diabetic islets. We also discuss imprinted genes in the context of the next generation, where dietary overnutrition in the parents can lead to their deregulation in the offspring, alongside beta cell dysfunction and defective glucose handling. Both the modulation of imprinted gene expression and the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in adulthood are susceptible to the impact of nutritional status in early life. Imprinted loci, therefore, represent an excellent opportunity with which to assess epigenomic changes in beta cells due to the diet in both the current and next generation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Prenatal Detection of Uniparental Disomies (UPD): Intended and Incidental Finding in the Era of Next Generation Genomics. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121454. [PMID: 33287348 PMCID: PMC7761756 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal detection of uniparental disomy (UPD) is a methodological challenge, and a positive testing result requires comprehensive considerations on the clinical consequences as well as ethical issues. Whereas prenatal testing for UPD in families which are prone to UPD formation (e.g., in case of chromosomal variants, imprinting disorders) is often embedded in genetic counselling, the incidental identification of UPD is often more difficult to manage. With the increasing application of high-resolution test systems enabling the identification of UPD, an increase in pregnancies with incidental detection of UPD can be expected. This paper will cover the current knowledge on uniparental disomies, their clinical consequences with focus on prenatal testing, genetic aspects and predispositions, genetic counselling, as well as methods (conventional tests and high-throughput assays).
Collapse
|
36
|
Yoshida T, Miyado M, Mikami M, Suzuki E, Kinjo K, Matsubara K, Ogata T, Akutsu H, Kagami M, Fukami M. Aneuploid rescue precedes X-chromosome inactivation and increases the incidence of its skewness by reducing the size of the embryonic progenitor cell pool. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:1762-1769. [PMID: 31398259 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Do monosomy rescue (MR) and trisomy rescue (TR) in preimplantation human embryos affect other developmental processes, such as X-chromosome inactivation (XCI)? SUMMARY ANSWER Aneuploid rescue precedes XCI and increases the incidence of XCI skewness by reducing the size of the embryonic progenitor cell pools. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY More than half of preimplantation human embryos harbor aneuploid cells, some of which can be spontaneously corrected through MR or TR. XCI in females is an indispensable process, which is predicted to start at the early-blastocyst phase. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION We examined the frequency of XCI skewness in young females who carried full uniparental disomy (UPD) resulting from MR or TR/gamete complementation (GC). The results were statistically analyzed using a theoretical model in which XCI involves various numbers of embryonic progenitor cells. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We studied 39 children and young adults ascertained by imprinting disorders. XCI ratios were determined by DNA methylation analysis of a polymorphic locus in the androgen receptor gene. We used Bayesian approach to assess the probability of the occurrence of extreme XCI skewness in the MR and TR/GC groups using a theoretical model of 1-12 cell pools. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 12 of 39 individuals (31%) showed skewed XCI. Extreme skewness was observed in 3 of 15 MR cases (20%) and 1 of 24 TR/GC cases (4.2%). Statistical analysis indicated that XCI in the MR group was likely to have occurred when the blastocyst contained three or four euploid embryonic progenitor cells. The estimated size of the embryonic progenitor cell pools was approximately one-third or one-fourth of the predicted size of normal embryos. The TR/GC group likely had a larger pool size at the onset of XCI, although the results remained inconclusive. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This is an observational study and needs to be validated by experimental analyses. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provides evidence that the onset of XCI is determined by an intrinsic clock, irrespectively of the number of embryonic progenitor cells. Our findings can also be applied to individuals without UPD or imprinting disorders. This study provides a clue to understand chromosomal and cellular dynamics in the first few days of human development, their effects on XCI skewing and the possible implications for the expression of X-linked diseases in females. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by the Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (17H06428) and for Scientific Research (B) (17H03616) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and grants from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (18ek0109266h0002 and 18ek0109278h0002), National Center for Child Health and Development and Takeda Science Foundation. The authors declare no conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Miyado
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Mikami
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Management, Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - E Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kinjo
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Matsubara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Ogata
- Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 431-3125 Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - H Akutsu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 157-8535 Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Diagnostic testing for uniparental disomy: a points to consider statement from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2020; 22:1133-1141. [PMID: 32296163 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
|
38
|
Wang H, Dong Z, Zhang R, Chau MHK, Yang Z, Tsang KYC, Wong HK, Gui B, Meng Z, Xiao K, Zhu X, Wang Y, Chen S, Leung TY, Cheung SW, Kwok YK, Morton CC, Zhu Y, Choy KW. Low-pass genome sequencing versus chromosomal microarray analysis: implementation in prenatal diagnosis. Genet Med 2020; 22:500-510. [PMID: 31447483 PMCID: PMC7042067 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging studies suggest that low-pass genome sequencing (GS) provides additional diagnostic yield of clinically significant copy-number variants (CNVs) compared with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). However, a prospective back-to-back comparison evaluating accuracy, efficacy, and incremental yield of low-pass GS compared with CMA is warranted. METHODS A total of 1023 women undergoing prenatal diagnosis were enrolled. Each sample was subjected to low-pass GS and CMA for CNV analysis in parallel. CNVs were classified according to guidelines of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. RESULTS Low-pass GS not only identified all 124 numerical disorders or pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) CNVs detected by CMA in 121 cases (11.8%, 121/1023), but also defined 17 additional and clinically relevant P/LP CNVs in 17 cases (1.7%, 17/1023). In addition, low-pass GS significantly reduced the technical repeat rate from 4.6% (47/1023) for CMA to 0.5% (5/1023) and required less DNA (50 ng) as input. CONCLUSION In the context of prenatal diagnosis, low-pass GS identified additional and clinically significant information with enhanced resolution and increased sensitivity of detecting mosaicism as compared with the CMA platform used. This study provides strong evidence for applying low-pass GS as an alternative prenatal diagnostic test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Wang
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zirui Dong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China
| | - Matthew Hoi Kin Chau
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenjun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathy Yin Ching Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hoi Kin Wong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoheng Gui
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Meng
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelin Xiao
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoyun Chen
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tak Yeung Leung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center For Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center For Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yvonne K Kwok
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Manchester Center for Audiology and Deafness, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Center, Manchester, UK.
| | - Yuanfang Zhu
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Bao'an Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Birth Defects Prevention Research and Transformation Team, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kwong Wai Choy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Baylor College of Medicine Joint Center For Medical Genetics, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
In 't Groen SLM, de Faria DOS, Iuliano A, van den Hout JMP, Douben H, Dijkhuizen T, Cassiman D, Witters P, Barba Romero MÁ, de Klein A, Somers-Bolman GM, Saris JJ, Hoefsloot LH, van der Ploeg AT, Bergsma AJ, Pijnappel WWMP. Novel GAA Variants and Mosaicism in Pompe Disease Identified by Extended Analyses of Patients with an Incomplete DNA Diagnosis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:337-348. [PMID: 32071926 PMCID: PMC7013133 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency of the glycogen-hydrolyzing lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA), which leads to progressive muscle wasting. This autosomal-recessive disorder is the result of disease-associated variants located in the GAA gene. In the present study, we performed extended molecular diagnostic analysis to identify novel disease-associated variants in six suspected Pompe patients from four different families for which conventional diagnostic assays were insufficient. Additional assays, such as a generic-splicing assay, minigene analysis, SNP array analysis, and targeted Sanger sequencing, allowed the identification of an exonic deletion, a promoter deletion, and a novel splicing variant located in the 5′ UTR. Furthermore, we describe the diagnostic process for an infantile patient with an atypical phenotype, consisting of left ventricular hypertrophy but no signs of muscle weakness or motor problems. This led to the identification of a genetic mosaicism for a very severe GAA variant caused by a segmental uniparental isodisomy (UPD). With this study, we aim to emphasize the need for additional analyses to detect new disease-associated GAA variants and non-Mendelian genotypes in Pompe disease where conventional DNA diagnostic assays are insufficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn L M In 't Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douglas O S de Faria
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Iuliano
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna M P van den Hout
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannie Douben
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Trijnie Dijkhuizen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - David Cassiman
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, UZ and KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, UZ and KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Galhana M Somers-Bolman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Saris
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lies H Hoefsloot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ans T van der Ploeg
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Atze J Bergsma
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W W M Pim Pijnappel
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Meler E, Sisterna S, Borrell A. Genetic syndromes associated with isolated fetal growth restriction. Prenat Diagn 2020; 40:432-446. [PMID: 31891188 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) may be due to impaired placentation, environmental or toxic exposure, congenital infections or genetic abnormalities. Remarkable research, mainly based on retrospective series, has been published on the diverse genetic causes. Those have become more and more relevant with the improvement in the accuracy of the analysis techniques and the rising of breakthrough genomewide methods such as the whole genome sequencing. However, no publication has presented an integrated view of management of those fetuses with an early and severe affection. In this review, we explored to which extent genetic syndromes can cause FGR fetuses without structural defects. The most common chromosomal abnormalities (Triploidies and Trisomy 18), submicroscopic chromosomal anomalies (22q11.2 microduplication syndrome) and single gene disorders (often associated with mild ultrasound findings) related to early and severe FGR had been analysed. Finally, we addressed the impact of epigenetic marks on fetal growth, a matter of growing importance. At the end of this review, we should be able to provide an adequate counseling to parents in terms of diagnosis, prognosis and management of those pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Meler
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Silvina Sisterna
- Clinical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Hospital Privado de Comunidad - Maternal Fetal Medicine, Clínica Colon - Reproduction and human genetics center CRECER. Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antoni Borrell
- BCNatal - Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu), Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatologia, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Fetal i+D Fetal Medicine Research, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen M, Hao H, Xiong H, Cai Y, Ma F, Shi C, Xiao X, Li S. Segmental uniparental disomy of chromosome 4 in a patient with methylmalonic acidemia. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 8:e1063. [PMID: 31793236 PMCID: PMC6978399 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder involving the metabolism of organic acids. METHODS Here, we report the case of a patient who developed acute metabolic crisis after vaccination and was diagnosed with cblA type MMA after hospitalization. RESULTS Further examination revealed a homozygous pathogenic variant in the MMAA gene that caused the disease in the patient but did not conform to Mendelian inheritance. Using chromosomal microarray analysis, maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) was found on chromosome 4q26-q35.2 of the patient. The MMAA gene of the patient was inherited only from the mother and carried the same pathogenic variant on both alleles of chromosome 4. MMAA gene expression levels in whole blood were detected by real-time PCR. CONCLUSION The nonsense pathogenic variant, NM_172250.2:c.742C>T (p.Gln248*), carried by the patient leads to a premature termination of transcription of the gene, thereby resulting in partial loss of protein function while retaining some others. Segmental UPD 4 is rare, and to our knowledge, has not been reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Shi
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wan JH, He P, Xu LL, Li DZ. Confined placental trisomy detection through non-invasive prenatal testing: benefit for pregnancy management. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 40:1020-1022. [PMID: 31769707 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2019.1665631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Wan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yauy K, de Leeuw N, Yntema HG, Pfundt R, Gilissen C. Accurate detection of clinically relevant uniparental disomy from exome sequencing data. Genet Med 2019; 22:803-808. [PMID: 31767986 PMCID: PMC7118024 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-019-0704-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uniparental disomy (UPD) is the rare occurrence of two homologous chromosomes originating from the same parent and is typically identified by marker analysis or single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based microarrays. UPDs may lead to disease due to imprinting effects, underlying homozygous pathogenic variants, or low-level mosaic aneuploidies. In this study we detected clinically relevant UPD events in both trio and single exome sequencing (ES) data. Methods UPD was detected by applying a method based on Mendelian inheritance errors to a cohort of 4912 ES trios (all UPD types) and by using median absolute deviation–scaled regions of homozygosity to a cohort of 29,723 single ES samples (isodisomy only). Results As positive controls, we accurately identified three mixed UPD, three isodisomy, as well as two segmental UPD events that were all previously reported by SNP-based microarrays. In addition, we identified three segmental UPD and 11 isodisomy events. This resulted in a novel diagnosis based on imprinting for one patient, and adjusted genetic counseling for another patient. Conclusion UPD can easily be identified using both single and trio ES and may be clinically relevant to patients. UPD analysis should become routine in clinical ES, because it increases the diagnostic yield and could affect genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Yauy
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, Génétique clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre de référence anomalies du développement SORO, INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole de Leeuw
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helger G Yntema
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rolph Pfundt
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University 6525 HR, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Gilissen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Geng Q, Cui X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang C, Wang K, Chen J, Zhu Q, Xie J, Xu Z, Liu Y, Zhang M, Ding L, Zhang W, Yang C. Screening of triploid with low-coverage whole-genome sequencing by a single-nucleotide polymorphism-based test in miscarriage tissue. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:2525-2531. [PMID: 31720905 PMCID: PMC6910887 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish a single-nucleotide polymorphism-based analysis (SBA) method to identify triploidy in the miscarriage tissue by using low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (LC-WGS). METHODS The method was established by fitting a quadratic curve model by counting the distribution of three heterozygous mutation content intervals. The triploid test result was mainly determined by the opening direction and the axis of symmetry of the quadratic curve, and Z test between the same batch samples was also used for auxiliary judgment. RESULTS Two hundred thirteen diploid samples and 8 triploid samples were used for establishment of the analytical method and 203 unknown samples were used for blind testing. In the blind testing, we found 2 cases positive for triploidy. After chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and mass spectrometry verification, we found that both samples were true positives. We randomly selected 5 samples from the negative samples for mass spectrometry verification, and the results showed that these samples were all true negatives. CONCLUSIONS Our method achieved accurate detection of triploidy in the miscarriage tissue and has the potential to detect more chromosomal abnormality types such as uniparental disomy (UPD) using a single LC-WGS approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Geng
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoli Cui
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyan Zhu
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - MengMeng Zhang
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijie Ding
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Southern University of Science and Technology-CheerLand Institute of Precision Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong Sheng, China
| | - Chuanchun Yang
- CheerLand Precision Biomed Co.,Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Duba HC, Arzt W. Pränataldiagnostik – klassische Analytik mittels Chorionzottenbiopsie und Amniocentese. MED GENET-BERLIN 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11825-019-00253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel werden die Methoden der klassischen invasiven Pränataldiagnostik und die häufigsten, mittels konventioneller Zytogenetik diagnostizierten Chromosomenaberrationen beschrieben, um ihren, trotz der in anderen Beiträgen abgehandelten neuen Methoden, nach wie vor wichtigen Stellenwert herauszuheben.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Christoph Duba
- 1 grid.473675.4 Institut für Medizinische Genetik, Med Campus IV Kepler Universitätsklinikum Linz Krankenhausstraße 26–30 4020 Linz Österreich
| | - Wolfgang Arzt
- 2 grid.473675.4 Institut für Pränatalmedizin, Med Campus IV Kepler Universitätsklinikum Linz Krankenhausstraße 26–30 4020 Linz Österreich
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Deng Q, Huang L, Liu J, Fang F, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li F, Liao C. Prenatal diagnosis of submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations in fetuses with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation by chromosomal microarray analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:2623-2629. [PMID: 31581877 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1670793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the copy number variations (CNVs) of fetal congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM). METHODS Fetuses with CCAM were investigated by karyotypes and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The cases were classified as isolated or CCAM with additional structural anomalies. The pregnancy outcome and neonatal prognosis were reported after the follow-up investigation. RESULTS The karyotypes of 43 fetuses were analyzed and no abnormal karyotype was detected. Thirty-seven cases were further tested using CMA. The CMA identified pathogenic CNVs in three fetuses with a pathogenic detection rate of 8.1%. Well-known microdeletion or microduplication syndromes, including RCAD syndrome, HNPP, and CMT1A were identified, among which HNPP and CMT1A were incidental findings. After excluding two incidental findings, there were no pathogenic CNVs in isolated CCAM. There were no significant differences in pathogenic CNVs between isolated CCAM and CCAM with additional structural anomalies (0%, 0/31 versus 16.7%, 1/6, p=.162). Nearly half of the patients (53.8%, 14/26) underwent surgery after birth with good postoperative recoveries while the remaining half patients were spontaneous regression or asymptomatic. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated the value of CMA in the prenatal diagnosis of CCAM. CCAM associated with other structural defects enhanced the frequency of pathogenic CNVs while isolated CCAM may not be associated with an increase in the prevalence of pathogenic CNVs. CCAMs have an overall good prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Deng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Huang
- Qingyuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Southern Medical University Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu Fang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Zequn Liu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongling Zhang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Fatao Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Can Liao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Grau Madsen S, Uldbjerg N, Sunde L, Becher N. Prognosis for pregnancies with trisomy 16 confined to the placenta: A Danish cohort study. Prenat Diagn 2019; 38:1103-1110. [PMID: 30328629 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome when trisomy 16 confined to the placenta is diagnosed and to identify possible prognostic markers for adverse outcomes in these pregnancies. METHOD Registered cases (n = 49) of trisomy 16 diagnosed prenatally in Denmark from 1990 to 2013 were included. RESULTS Twenty-five of the pregnancies intended to be continued had confined placental trisomy 16 mosaicism (CPM16). Adverse pregnancy outcome was seen in 17 CPM16 pregnancies (68%), ranging from mild small for gestational age (SGA) to fetal malformations and intrauterine demise. For cases ascertained by combined first trimester screening, the median concentration of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) was 0.17 MoM (IQR: 0.11 MoM). Adverse pregnancy outcome showed a trend toward an association with a high frequency of trisomic cells. Eight children (32%) were born at term with a normal birth weight and no malformations. CONCLUSION The risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in case of CPM16 is correlated to ascertainment by combined first trimester screening and tends to be associated with a high frequency of trisomic cells in the placenta. We recommend that variables including ascertainment, the frequency of trisomic cells, and the maternal serum concentration of PAPP-A are taken into consideration when evaluating the prognosis in CPM16 while acknowledging that these factors are strongly correlated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Grau Madsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lone Sunde
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Naja Becher
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xu L, Liu Y, Zhen L, Li D. Germline mosaicism in an α‐thalassemia family: Incidental identification by prenatal ultrasound. Prenat Diagn 2019; 39:1166-1169. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Li Xu
- Prenatal Diagnostic CenterGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Ying‐Na Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University Shenzhen China
| | - Li Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic CenterGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Dong‐Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic CenterGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Postema FAM, Bliek J, van Noesel CJM, van Zutven LJCM, Oosterwijk JC, Hopman SMJ, Merks JHM, Hennekam RC. Multiple tumors due to mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27715. [PMID: 30882989 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mosaic genome-wide paternal uniparental disomy is an infrequently described disorder in which affected individuals have signs and symptoms that may resemble Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. In addition, they can develop multiple benign and malignant tumors throughout life. Routine molecular diagnostics may not detect the (characteristic) low level of mosaicism, and the diagnosis is likely to be missed. Genetic counseling and a life-long alertness for the development of tumors is indicated. We describe the long diagnostic process of a patient who already had a tumor at birth and developed multiple tumors in childhood and adulthood. Furthermore, we offer clues to recognize the entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floor A M Postema
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jet Bliek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C Oosterwijk
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M J Hopman
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Raoul C Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Next-generation sequencing analysis of embryos from mosaic patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic testing. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:291-297.e3. [PMID: 31133385 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of parental mosaicism on their preimplantation embryos. DESIGN Case series. SETTING An institute for reproductive and stem cell engineering. PATIENT(S) Sixty-eight mosaic couples. INTERVENTION(S) Assisted reproduction with preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Karyotypes, embryo-related chromosomal abnormalities, and PGT results. RESULT(S) A total of 209 embryos were obtained from 68 mosaic couples, and 153 (73.21%) of 209 of the total embryos were obtained from 55 mosaic couples with abnormal sex chromosome numbers. Of these 153 embryos, 2 (1.31%) had an abnormal copy number of X chromosome, 1 had mosaicism with 46,XN,+X(mosaic, 40%), 1 (0.65%) had an extra Y chromosome, 3 (1.96%) exhibited both X chromosomal and autosomal abnormalities, and 4 (2.61%) exhibited de novo X chromosome structural abnormalities. A total of 56 (26.79%) of 209 embryos were obtained from mosaic couples (n = 13) with abnormal autosomal structures. Notably, of these 56 embryos, 5 (8.93%) had a 16q21-q24.3 copy number abnormality related to the parental karyotype, with a fragile site at 16q22; 5 (7.14%) exhibited 46,XX,dup(8p23.1-8p11.21) and 46,XY,del(8p22-8p11.21), which were related to the parental karyotype; and 10 (17.86%) were de novo chromosome abnormalities. CONCLUSION(S) Our data demonstrate that the risk of embryo-related chromosome abnormalities in mosaic patients with abnormal sex chromosomes is very low. Therefore, PGT may not need to be recommended for mosaic patients with abnormal copy numbers of sex chromosomes, especially for patients with financial difficulties. By contrast, the mosaic patients with structural abnormalities of autosomes may have a relatively high risk of abnormal embryos with an unbalanced segment of the involved chromosomes. Thus, PGT is highly recommended for mosaic patients with autosomal structure abnormalities, especially those with a fragile site at 16q22.
Collapse
|