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Singhal A, Yadav A, Vashisht S, Tyagi K, Rangarajan TM, Pasricha S. Unveiling the choline chloride-thiourea (1 : 1) DES as a greener medium and reagent for pyrimidinethione synthesis from α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:4951-4959. [PMID: 40296859 DOI: 10.1039/d5ob00182j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
Widespread studies on developing greener organic chemistry techniques were prompted by growing concerns about the health and environmental issues brought on by the effects of organic compounds. Since solvents and catalysts are necessary for many organic reactions, greener solvents and catalysts could remedy this problem. 3,4-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones (DHPMs) are an essential class of biomolecules. Several methods for synthesizing DHPMs have been reported. Nevertheless, most of these methods were linked to one or more disadvantages, such as laborious catalyst production, use of expensive catalysts, and severe reaction conditions like longer reaction times, higher temperatures and strong base, and reduced yields. Therefore, a simple, effective, and environmentally friendly protocol for the synthesis of 4,6-diaryl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thiones from α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds using the biodegradable, cheap, and easily accessible choline chloride : thiourea (CC : TU) 1 : 1 room temperature deep eutectic solvent (DES) is reported. The pyrimidinethione products were obtained from structurally and electronically diverse α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good to excellent (45-99%) yields under the optimized reaction conditions. The CC : TU (1 : 1) DES was used for the first time in a synthetic protocol, and it was found to be an augmenting medium and a reactant for the reaction. Hopefully, this paper will open doors to developing new DESs for synthesis. It will also encourage scientists to explore using CC : TU (1 : 1) as a solvent and reactant for several organic transformations involving thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ankit Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Shashwat Vashisht
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Khushi Tyagi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - T M Rangarajan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sharda Pasricha
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
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Hanifi S, Dekamin MG, Eslami M. Magnetic BiFeO 3 nanoparticles: a robust and efficient nanocatalyst for the green one-pot three-component synthesis of highly substituted 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22201. [PMID: 39333595 PMCID: PMC11436662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In this research, magnetic bismuth ferrite nanoparticles (BFO MNPs) were prepared through a convenient method and characterized. The structure and morphological characteristics of the prepared nanomaterial were confirmed through analyses using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. The obtained magnetic BFO nanomaterial was investigated, as a heterogeneous Lewis acid, in three component synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs/DHPMTs). It was found that the BFO MNPs exhibit remarkable efficacy in the synthesis of various DHPMs as well as their thione analogues. It is noteworthy that this research features low catalyst loading, good to excellent yields, environmentally friendly conditions, short reaction time, simple and straightforward work-up, and the reusability of the catalyst, distinguishing it from other recently reported protocols. Additionally, the structure of the DHPMs/DHPMTs was confirmed through 1H NMR, FTIR, and melting point analyses. This environmentally-benign methodology demonstrates the potential of the catalyst for more sustainable and efficient practices in green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Hanifi
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Heterocyclic Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Eslami
- Department of Chemistry, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, 63616-63973, Iran
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Rostami N, Dekamin MG, Valiey E, FaniMoghadam H. l-Asparagine-EDTA-amide silica-coated MNPs: a highly efficient and nano-ordered multifunctional core-shell organocatalyst for green synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one compounds. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21742-21759. [PMID: 36091190 PMCID: PMC9386691 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02935a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, new l-asparagine grafted on 3-aminopropyl-modified Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles using the EDTA linker (Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine) was prepared and its structures properly confirmed using different spectroscopic, microscopic and magnetic methods or techniques including FT-IR, EDX, XRD, FESEM, TEM, TGA and VSM. The Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine core-shell nanomaterial was found, as a highly efficient multifunctional and recoverable organocatalyst, to promote the efficient synthesis of a wide range of biologically-active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions. It was proved that Fe3O4@SiO2-APTS-EDTA-asparagine MNPs, as a catalyst having excellent thermal and magnetic stability, specific morphology and acidic sites with appropriate geometry, can activate the Biginelli reaction components. Moreover, the environmental-friendliness and nontoxic nature of the catalyst, cost effectiveness, low catalyst loading, easy separation of the catalyst from the reaction mixture and short reaction time are some of the remarkable advantages of this green protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rostami
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Mohammad G Dekamin
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Ehsan Valiey
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
| | - Hamidreza FaniMoghadam
- Pharmaceutical and Biologically-Active Compounds Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran +98-21-7730 21584 +98-21-77 240 284
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Khashaei M, Kafi-Ahmadi L, Khademinia S, Poursattar Marjani A, Nozad E. A facile hydrothermal synthesis of high-efficient NiO nanocatalyst for preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8585. [PMID: 35595795 PMCID: PMC9122962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work introduces a one-step and facile hydrothermal procedure as a green process for the first time to synthesize nickel(II) oxide (NiO) nanoparticles. The as-prepared nanomaterials were used as high efficient, low toxic and cost catalyst for the synthesis of some organic compounds. Ni(NO3)2 and some natural extract were used as a surfactant for the first time to synthesis NiO nanomaterials. A high synthesis yield (91%) was obtained for S2. Rietveld analysis affirmed the cubic crystal system of the obtained NiO nanocatalyst. The morphology studies were carried out with the FESEM method and the images revealed a change from non-homogenous to homogenous spherical particles when the Barberryas was used instead of orange blossom surfactant. Besides, the images revealed that the particle size distribution was in the range of 20 to 60 nm. The synthesized catalysts were used for the first time in Biginelli multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) under the present facile reaction conditions. High yield (97%) of the final product was achieved at the optimum condensation reaction conditions (Catalyst: 60 mg; temperature: 90 °C and time: 90 min) when ethyl acetoacetate/methyl acetoacetate (1 mmol), benzaldehyde (1 mmol) and urea (1.2 mmol) were used. A kinetic study affirmed pseudo-first-order model for Biginelli reactions followed the pseudo-first-order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khashaei
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Leila Kafi-Ahmadi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Shahin Khademinia
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Nozad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Asham H, Bohlooli S, Dostkamel D, Rezvanpoor S, Sepehri S. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Screening for Cytotoxic Activity of Monastrol Analogues. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1913424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hila Asham
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Shahab Bohlooli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Donya Dostkamel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sadaf Rezvanpoor
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Department of Students Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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