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Periyasamy TS, Kasivishwanathan A, Roy G, Sekar N, Lakshmanan H. Phytocompounds of Senecio candicans as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors targeting Alzheimer's disease: A structure-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation study. Comput Biol Chem 2025; 117:108396. [PMID: 40024051 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2025.108396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 03/04/2025]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline due to the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and decreased acetylcholine levels caused by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Current treatments using synthetic acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) provide only symptomatic relief and are associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer and more effective alternatives. This study investigates the potential of phytoconstituents from the plant Senecio candicans as natural AChE inhibitors for AD treatment. Using structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, we evaluated several compounds from Senecio candicans for their binding affinity, stability, and inhibitory activity against AChE. The findings identified compounds such as Estra-135(10)-trien-17β-ol and Vulgarone A, which demonstrated strong binding affinities and stable interactions with AChE, comparable to or surpassing the clinically used drug Donepezil. These phytoconstituents exhibited potential as effective AChEIs with potentially fewer side effects. The results underscore the therapeutic potential of plant-based molecules for drug discovery, offering a promising avenue for developing new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. Combining phytochemical studies with computational methods provides a powerful approach to identifying novel therapeutic agents. This study suggests that phytoconstituents from Senecio candicans could serve as safer alternatives for managing AD. Further experimental validation and clinical studies are necessary to confirm these compounds' efficacy and safety, paving the way for innovative, plant-derived treatments for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilarasi Sambu Periyasamy
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Ooty campus, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru road, Longwood, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Kasivishwanathan
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Ooty campus, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru road, Longwood, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gilbert Roy
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Ooty campus, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru road, Longwood, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nishu Sekar
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Ooty campus, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru road, Longwood, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hariprasath Lakshmanan
- Division of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Ooty campus, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru road, Longwood, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Reynoso-García MF, Nicolás-Álvarez DE, Tenorio-Barajas AY, Reyes-Chaparro A. Structural Bioinformatics Applied to Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2025; 26:3781. [PMID: 40332446 PMCID: PMC12028328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms26083781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 04/03/2025] [Accepted: 04/05/2025] [Indexed: 05/08/2025] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a critical enzyme involved in neurotransmission by hydrolyzing acetylcholine at the synaptic cleft, making it a key target for drug discovery, particularly in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Computational approaches, particularly molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, have become indispensable tools for identifying and optimizing AChE inhibitors by predicting ligand-binding affinities, interaction mechanisms, and conformational dynamics. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for future research on AChE using molecular docking and MD simulations. It compiles and analyzes studies conducted over the past five years, providing a critical evaluation of the most widely used computational tools, including AutoDock, AutoDock Vina, and GROMACS, which have significantly contributed to the advancement of AChE inhibitor screening. Furthermore, we identify PDB ID: 4EY7, the most frequently used AChE crystal structure in docking studies, and highlight Donepezil, a well-established reference molecule widely employed as a control in computational screening for novel inhibitors. By examining these key aspects, this review aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of virtual screening approaches and guide researchers in selecting the most appropriate computational methodologies. The integration of docking and MD simulations not only improves hit identification and lead optimization but also provides deeper mechanistic insights into AChE-ligand interactions, contributing to the rational design of more effective AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Reynoso-García
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Dulce E. Nicolás-Álvarez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu S/N, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - A. Yair Tenorio-Barajas
- Laboratorio de Nanobiotecnologia, Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemerita Universidad de Puebla, Av. San Cladio y 18 Sur, Col. San Manuel, Edif. FM6-108, Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Andrés Reyes-Chaparro
- Departamento de Morfología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Lázaro Cárdenas, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
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Wu L, Sun Y, Zhao L, Xing S, Liu R, Wong NL, Lin Y, Song C, Lu C, Zhang H. Lancao decoction alleviates Alzheimer's disease: Depending on activating CaMKII to protect neuronal refunction by reducing β-amyloid in the hippocampus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2025; 345:119619. [PMID: 40074096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2025.119619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/14/2025]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCY Lancao decoction (LC) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation mentioned in the "Huangdineijing", known for its ability to dispel turbidity and eliminate heat. TCM believes that the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is phlegm turbidity, and the fiery internal obstruction of the gods, which suggests that LC has the possibility of treating. AIM OF THE STUDY This investigation will examine the possibilities of LC to improve AD and uncover the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gas chromatography (GC) and HPLC-MS were used to identify the content of the primary elements in LC and test the stability of its extraction. The function of LC in ameliorating AD was characterized by utilizing behavioral assessments such as the Morris water maze (MWM) and the Y-maze in AD modeling mice. Levels of molecular signaling and neurogenesis within the hippocampus was assessed using Western blot and immunostaining. Pharmacological interventions were used to explore the association of specific targets with neurogenesis and synaptic proteins and their contributions in LC improvement of AD. RESULTS The main components of LC include p-Cymene, 3-Methoxy-p-cymene, neryl acetate, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid and euparin. APP/PS1 mice displayed behavioral characteristics indicative of memory and learning deficits, such as a notably longer time taken to reach the platform and reduced time spent in the area without the platform in the Morris Water Maze (MWM), as well as a longer delay in exploring the new arm and less time spent in the new arm in the Y-maze, when compared to C57BL6/J mice. However, these impairments were alleviated by chronic treatment with either LC or donepezil (DON) over a period of 14 days. Additionally, the phosphorylated levels of CaMKII and the amounts of synaptic proteins (synapsin1 and PSD95) were greatly diminished within the hippocampal region of APP/PS1 mice, which were also reversed by LC or DON. In addition, Aβ area was obviously increased in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 murine model, which was also reversed by LC or DON. Inhibition of CaMKII activities not only blunted LC's therapeutic actions of AD, but also blocked the enhancements of LC on synaptic proteins in the hippocampus, the quantity of cells that are co-stained with BrdU and DCX, and Ki67-positive cells located in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. CONCLUSION The results indicated that LC activated CaMKII to relieve Aβ formation, thereby enhancing neuronal functions in the hippocampus, and thus alleviated AD, which provided a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the mechanism, clinical application, and subsequent research of LC in alleviating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Biomedicine for Brain Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lingang Zhao
- Nanjing Liuhe District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211599, China
| | - Shan Xing
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Nga Lee Wong
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuesong Lin
- Nanjing Liuhe District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211599, China
| | - Chenghao Song
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Hailou Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Personalized Medicine in Brain Disorders, Jinan University, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China; f GHM Joint Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Brain-Peripheral Homeostasis and Comprehensive Health, Jinan University, School of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Zhuhai Institute of Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, China.
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Pouramiri B, Abbasi M, Hadadianpour E. Design, Green Synthesis and in silico Studies of New Substituted Naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]Oxazines as Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202401005. [PMID: 38923807 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory impairment resulting from the degeneration and death of brain neurons. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors as the primary pharmacotherapy for numerous neurodegenerative conditions, leveraging their capacity to modulate acetylcholine levels crucial for cognitive function. Recently, oxazine and its derivatives have brought worthy synthetic interest due to their extensive biological activities including, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-oxidant, anti-pyretic, anti-tubercular, anti-convulsant, anti-microbial, anti-malarial, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, a series of novel naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine derivatives has been designed and synthesized with potential of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. The target products have been prepared by a one-pot and three-component condensation reaction of 2-naphthol, various aromatic aldehydes, and arylmethanimine in the presence of 3-methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium chloride ([Msim]Cl) as an effective and recyclable ionic liquid catalyst under microwave irradiation solvent-free condition. The chemical structures of all resulting products were confirmed by spectroscopic methods (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C NMR) as well as elemental analysis. The molecular docking studies has also been performed to investigate the synthetic compounds in the the AChE active site gorge. The results showed that all these derivatives interact with the enzymes with high affinity in binding pocket. The MM-GBSA studies were performed for all synthesized derivatives and among them, compound 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazine 5f, showed the lowest the binding free energy (-48.04 kcal mol-1). In general, oxazine derivatives could be proposed as the strong AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behjat Pouramiri
- Department of Chemistry, Qom University of Technology, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Abbasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Elahe Hadadianpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409 >
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Youn K, Jun M. Determination of Potential Lead Compound from Magnolia officinalis for Alzheimer's Disease through Pharmacokinetic Prediction, Molecular Docking, Dynamic Simulation, and Experimental Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:10507. [PMID: 39408835 PMCID: PMC11477134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms251910507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition has been implicated as the molecular driver of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. The modulation of the formation of abnormal aggregates and their post-translational modification is strongly suggested as the most effective approach to anti-AD. Beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) acts upstream in amyloidogenic processing to generate Aβ, which rapidly aggregates alone or in combination with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to form fibrils. Accumulated Aβ promotes BACE1 activation via glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and is post-translationally modified by glutaminyl cyclase (QC), resulting in increased neurotoxicity. A novel multi-target inhibitor as a potential AD agent was identified using an in silico approach and experimental validation. Magnolia officinalis, which showed the best anti-AD activity in our preliminary study, was subjected to analysis, and 82 compounds were studied. Among 23 compounds with drug-likeness, blood-brain barrier penetration, and safety, honokiol emerged as a lead structure for the inhibition of BACE1, AChE, QC, and GSK-3β in docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Furthermore, honokiol was found to be an excellent multi-target inhibitor of these enzymes with an IC50 of 6-90 μM, even when compared to other natural single-target inhibitors. Taken together, the present study is the first to demonstrate that honokiol acts as a multiple enzyme inhibitor with an excellent pharmacokinetic and safety profile which may provide inhibitory effects in broad-range areas including the overproduction, aggregation, and post-translational modification of Aβ. It also provides insight into novel structural features for the design and discovery of multi-target inhibitors for anti-AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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6
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Tok F, Baltaş N, Abas Bİ, Tatar Yılmaz G, Kaya S, Koçyiğit-Kaymakçıoğlu B, Çevik Ö. Design, synthesis, molecular modeling, in vitro evaluation of novel piperidine-containing hydrazone derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22240. [PMID: 39105636 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In an effort to develop new and effective therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease, a series of hydrazone derivatives bearing piperidine rings have been designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of the compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. In vitro antioxidant and cholinesterase activities of the compounds were evaluated. Among the compounds, N12 exhibited the most antioxidant activity in all methods (CUPRAC, FRAP, DPPH, ABTS). In vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity results of the compounds showed good IC50 values between 14.124 ± 0.084 and 49.680 ± 0.110 µM were obtained (IC50 = 38.842 ± 0.053 µM for Donepezil). Among the compounds, N7 and N6 are much more effective derivatives than the standard compound donepezil with IC50 values of 14.124 ± 0.084 and 17.968 ± 0.072 µM, respectively. In vitro, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition values of the compounds were between 13.505 ± 0.025 and 52.230 ± 0.027 μm. Among the compounds, N6 has the highest BChE inhibition with an IC50 value of 13.505 μm in the series. The cytotoxicity and AChE inhibitory activity of the compounds on SH-SY5Y cell lines were also evaluated. Kinetic studies were also performed to determine the behavior of the compounds as competitive or noncompetitive inhibitors. The binding modes of N6, which was determined to be highly effective according to in vitro analyses, with AChE and BChE were investigated using molecular docking studies, and the stability of the complexes was determined by molecular dynamics simulations. These findings indicated that AChE and BChE enzymes maintained their overall structural stability and compactness during interactions with compound N6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Tok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nimet Baltaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Türkiye
| | - Burçin İrem Abas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Tatar Yılmaz
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Kaya
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | | | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Türkiye
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Cruz JN, de Oliveira MS, Ferreira OO, Gomes ARQ, Mali SN, Pereira SFM, Ansar S, dos Santos CBR, Lima RR, de Andrade EHA. Analysis of Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Toxicity of Essential Oil from Virola sebifera Aubl (Myristicaceae). Molecules 2024; 29:3431. [PMID: 39065009 PMCID: PMC11279522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile oils or essential oils (EOs) were extracted from three V. sebifera samples (labeled as A, B, and C) in September 2018 and February 2019; the extraction process involved hydrodistillation of the leaves. The chemical compositions of the EOs were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The volatile components were identified by comparing their retention indices and mass spectra with standard substances documented in the literature (ADAMS). The antioxidant activity of the EOs was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), while their toxicity was assessed using Artemia salina Leach. Molecular docking was utilized to examine the interaction between the major constituents of V. sebifera EO and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a molecular target linked to toxicity in A. salina models. The EO obtained from specimen A, collected in September 2018, was characterized by being primarily composed of (E,E)-α-farnesene (47.57%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.26%), and α-pinene (6.93%). Conversely, the EO from specimen A, collected in February 2019, was predominantly composed of (E,E)-α-farnesene (42.82%), (E)-caryophyllene (16.02%), and bicyclogermacrene (8.85%), the EO from specimen B, collected in September 2018, primarily contained (E,E)-α-farnesene (47.65%), (E)-caryophyllene (19.67%), and α-pinene (11.95%), and the EO from the leaves collected in February 2019 was characterized by (E,E)-α-farnesene (23.57%), (E)-caryophyllene (19.34%), and germacrene D (7.33%). The EO from the leaves collected in September 2018 contained (E,E)-α-farnesene (26.65%), (E)-caryophyllene (15.7%), and germacrene D (7.72%), while the EO from the leaves collected in February 2019 was primarily characterized by (E,E)-α-farnesene (37.43%), (E)-caryophyllene (21.4%), and α-pinene (16.91%). Among these EOs, sample B collected in February 2019 demonstrated the highest potential for inhibiting free radicals, with an inhibition rate of 34.74%. Conversely, the EOs from specimen A exhibited the highest toxic potentials, with an lethal concentration 50 (LC50) value of 57.62 ± 1.53 µg/mL, while specimen B had an LC50 value of 74.72 ± 2.86 µg/mL. Molecular docking results suggested that hydrophobic interactions significantly contributed to the binding of the major compounds in the EO from sample B to the binding pocket of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Oberdan Oliveira Ferreira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
| | | | - Suraj N. Mali
- School of Pharmacy, D.Y. Patil University, Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai 400706, India
| | - Soluan Felipe Melo Pereira
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
| | - Sabah Ansar
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Cleydson Breno Rodrigues dos Santos
- Laboratory of Modeling and Computational Chemistry, Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá 68903-230, AP, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Helena Aguiar de Andrade
- Adolpho Ducke Laboratory, Botany Coordination, Paraense Emílio Museum, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (M.S.d.O.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
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Şahin İ, Çeşme M, Güngör Ö, Özgeriş FB, Köse M, Tümer F. New sulfonamide derivatives based on 1,2,3-triazoles: synthesis, in vitro biological activities and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4782-4799. [PMID: 37317998 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2222833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Eight new hybrid constructs containing a series of sulfonamide and 1,2,3-triazole units were designed and synthesized. Anticancer, antioxidant and cholinesterase activities of these hybrid structures were investigated. In our design, the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction between N,4-dimethyl-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (6) and aryl azides 8a-h was used. Antioxidant activity values of 9f (IC50: 229.46 ± 0.001 μg/mL) and 9h (IC50: 254.32 ± 0.002 μg/mL) hybrid structures were higher than BHT (IC50: 286.04 ± 0.003 μg/mL) and lower than Ascorbic acid (IC50: 63.53 ± 0.001 μg/mL) and α-Tocopherol (IC50: 203.21 ± 0.002 μg/mL). We determined that the cytotoxic effects of hybrid constructs 9d (IC50: 3.81 ± 0.1084 µM) and 9g (IC50: 4.317 ± 0.0367 µM) against A549 and healthy cell line (HDF) are much better than standard cisplatin (IC50: 6.202 ± 0.0705 µM). It was determined that the AChE inhibitory activities of all synthesized compounds were much better than Galantamine used as a standard. In particular, 9c (IC50: 13.81 ± 0.0026 mM) had ten times better activity than the standard Galantamine (IC50: 136 ± 0.008 mM). The ADMET properties of the molecules have been thoroughly examined and met the criteria for drug-like substances. They also have a high oral absorption rate, as they can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier and are easily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. In vitro experiments were confirmed by in silico molecular docking studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrfan Şahin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çeşme
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Özge Güngör
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Fatma Betül Özgeriş
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Köse
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Tümer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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9
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Mattar VT, Borioni JL, Hollman A, Rodriguez SA. Insecticidal action, repellency, and toxicity mechanism of the essential oil of Lippia turbinata against the stored product pest Rhipibruchus picturatus (F.). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 201:105907. [PMID: 38685228 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of essential oils (EOs) in the development of alternative management methods for bruchid control under storage conditions aroused great interest because they have proven to be effective, less toxic, and less persistent in the ecosystem than synthetic pesticides. In this sense, leaves of Lippia turbinata (Griseb.) Moldenke EO were studied in the present work. The monoterpene limonene and the monoterpenoid eucalyptol were its main constituents. EO showed a potent insecticidal activity, both in contact and fumigant conditions, against Rhipibruchus picturatus (F.) which is one of the main pests of Prosopis alba pods in stored conditions. Moreover, the EO produces repellency in these insects. Additionally, the toxicity mechanism of action was studied. In this regard, the EO inhibits the acetylcholinesterase enzyme in in vitro assays, alters the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and produces an increase in the lipid peroxidation reactions. This is the first report of the use of the L. turbinata EO against R. picturatus insect pest. The data obtained demonstrate its potential for developing more efficient and natural storage pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tapia Mattar
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - José Luis Borioni
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-Química de Córdoba (INFIQC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Axel Hollman
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Bioactivos, Centro de Investigación de Biofísica Aplicada y Alimentos (CIBAAL)-CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Argentina
| | - Sergio A Rodriguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Agronomía y Agroindustrias (FAyA), Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero (UNSE), Consejo Nacional de Investigación Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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10
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Adarvez-Feresin CW, Ortiz JE, Piñeiro MD, Parravicini O, Enriz RD, Garro AD, Feresin GE. Inhibitory effect of galantamine and donepezil combination against cholinesterase: An in silico and in vitro study. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300581. [PMID: 38229212 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in silico and in vitro inhibitory effect of the combined use of galantamine (GAL) and donepezil (DON) against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzymes. In silico and in vitro cholinesterase analysis were carried out for GAL and DON alone and combined. Molecular modeling studies were carried out (docking analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and quantum theory of atoms in molecules). Cholinesterase's inhibitory activities by modified Ellman's method and the drug combination effect using the Chou-Talalay method were assayed. GAL/DON combination showed the co-occupancy of the ligands in both enzymes through in silico studies. Regarding in vitro BuChE inhibition analyses, three of five combinations showed an interaction between GAL and DON at the threshold of additive affect (0.9 < CI < 1.1), with a tendency toward a synergistic effect for higher concentrations. This is the first report showing the efficacy of the GAL/DON combinations inhibiting BuChE, showing the importance of analyzing the behavior of different ligands when co-occupancy into the active site is possible. These combinations might be a possible therapy to improved efficacy, reduced doses, minor side effects, and high levels of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic space for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila W Adarvez-Feresin
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Javier E Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Mauricio D Piñeiro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Oscar Parravicini
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Ricardo D Enriz
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Adriana D Garro
- IMIBIO-SL CONICET, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, San Juan, San Juan, Argentina
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11
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Rosiak N, Tykarska E, Cielecka-Piontek J. Enhanced Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Properties of Pterostilbene (Resveratrol Derivative) in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2774. [PMID: 38474022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of pterostilbene (PTR) with polyvinylpyrrolidone polymers (PVP K30 and VA64) were prepared through milling, affirming the amorphous dispersion of PTR via X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Subsequent analysis of DSC thermograms, augmented using mathematical equations such as the Gordon-Taylor and Couchman-Karasz equations, facilitated the determination of predicted values for glass transition (Tg), PTR's miscibility with PVP, and the strength of PTR's interaction with the polymers. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis validated interactions maintaining PTR's amorphous state and identified involved functional groups, namely, the 4'-OH and/or -CH groups of PTR and the C=O group of PVP. The study culminated in evaluating the impact of amorphization on water solubility, the release profile in pH 6.8, and in vitro permeability (PAMPA-GIT and BBB methods). In addition, it was determined how improving water solubility affects the increase in antioxidant (ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP assays) and neuroprotective (inhibition of cholinesterases: AChE and BChE) properties. The apparent solubility of the pure PTR was ~4.0 µg·mL-1 and showed no activity in the considered assays. For obtained ASDs (PTR-PVP30/PTR-PVPVA64, respectively) improvements in apparent solubility (410.8 and 383.2 µg·mL-1), release profile, permeability, antioxidant properties (ABTS: IC50 = 52.37/52.99 μg·mL-1, DPPH: IC50 = 163.43/173.96 μg·mL-1, CUPRAC: IC0.5 = 122.27/129.59 μg·mL-1, FRAP: IC0.5 = 95.69/98.57 μg·mL-1), and neuroprotective effects (AChE: 39.1%/36.2%, BChE: 76.9%/73.2%) were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rosiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Tykarska
- Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka St., 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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12
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Eissa KI, Kamel MM, Mohamed LW, Doghish AS, Alnajjar R, Al-Karmalawy AA, Kassab AE. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of thienopyrimidine derivatives as multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:937-961. [PMID: 37067008 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of 12 S-substituted tetrahydrobenzothienopyrimidines were designed and synthesized based on the donepezil scaffold. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity and the most active compounds were tested for their butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitory activity. Moreover, all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects against Aβ aggregation and antioxidant activity using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. Compounds 4b, 6b, and 8b displayed the most prominent AChE inhibitory action comparable to donepezil. Compound 6b showed the greatest AChE inhibitory action (IC50 = 0.07 ± 0.003 µM) and the most potent BuChE inhibitory action (IC50 = 0.059 ± 0.004 µM). Furthermore, the three compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Compounds 6b and 8b exerted more inhibitory action on Aβ aggregation than donepezil. The cytotoxic activity of compounds 4b, 6b, and 8b against the WI-38 cell line in comparison with donepezil was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The results revealed that compounds 6b and 8b were less cytotixic than donepezil, while compound 4b showed nonsignificant cytotoxicity compared to donepezil. For more insights about the binding patterns of the most promising compounds (4b, 6b, and 8b) with the AChE at molecular levels; molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. The density functional theory calculations and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity properties were described as well. The results highlighted compound 6b, which incorporates a phenylpiperazine moiety coupled to a thienopyrimidone scaffold via two-atom spacer, to be a promising multifunctional therapeutic agent for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. It is a potent dual AChE and BuChE inhibitor. Furthermore, it had stronger Aβ aggregation inhibitory action than donepezil. Additionally, compound 6b exerted significant antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamia W Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwan Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Libyan International Medical University, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Azmy EM, Nassar IF, Hagras M, Fawzy IM, Hegazy M, Mokhtar MM, Yehia AM, Ismail NS, Lashin WH. New indole derivatives as multitarget anti-Alzheimer's agents: synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular dynamics. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:473-495. [PMID: 37125532 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder that causes brain cells to shrink and die. Aim: Thirteen novel 'oxathiolanyl', 'pyrazolyl' and 'pyrimidinyl' indole derivatives were designed and synthesized as anti-Alzheimer's disease treatment. Method: In vitro enzyme assay was performed against both AChE and BChE enzymes. In addition, antioxidant assay and cytotoxicity on a normal cell line were determined. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations were conducted to confirm the binding mode in both esterases' active sites. In silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity studies were also carried out. Results & conclusion: Compounds 5, 7 and 11 exhibited superior inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, with IC50 values of 0.042 and 3.003 μM, 2.54 and 0.207 μM and 0.052 and 2.529 μM, respectively, compared with donepezil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Azmy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11457, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim F Nassar
- Faculty of Specific Education, Ain Shams University, 365 Ramsis Street, Abassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hagras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Iten M Fawzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Maghawry Hegazy
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Mohamed Mokhtar
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser Sm Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Lashin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11457, Egypt
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14
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Wang J, Zhou H, Li Y, Mu Y, Li J, Hong C, Luo W. Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-one-donepezil hybrids as cholinesterase inhibitors and living cell imaging agents. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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15
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Stec J, Xie S, Alshukri L, Kang GJ, Hudson PK, Pecic S. Convenient Synthesis and in Vitro Activity of Oxalyl Bis(benzenesulfonylhydrazides) and Related Compounds. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
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16
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Baréa P, Yamazaki DADS, Lima DDS, Seixas FAV, da Costa WF, Gauze GDF, Sarragiotto MH. Design, synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of β-carboline derivatives as cholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Eissa KI, Kamel MM, Mohamed LW, Kassab AE. Development of new Alzheimer's disease drug candidates using donepezil as a key model. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200398. [PMID: 36149034 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent geriatric diseases and a significant cause of high mortality. This crippling disorder is becoming more prevalent at an unprecedented rate, which has led to an increase in the financial cost of caring. It is a pathologically complicated, multifactorial disease characterized by β-amyloid precipitation, β-amyloid oligomer production, decrease in cholinergic function, and dysregulation of other neurotransmitter systems. Due to the pathogenic complexity of AD, multitarget drugs that can simultaneously alternate multiple biological targets may enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Donepezil (DNP) is the most potent approved drug for the treatment of AD. It has a remarkable effect on a number of AD-related processes, including cholinesterase activity, anti-Aβ aggregation, oxidative stress, and more. DNP resembles an excellent scaffold to be hybridized with other pharmacophoric moieties having biological activity against AD pathological factors. There have been significant attempts made to modify the structure of DNP to create new bioactive chemical entities with novel structural patterns. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of multiple-target DNP-hybridized models for the treatment of AD that can be used in the future in the rational design of new potential AD therapeutics. The design and development of new drug candidates for the treatment of AD using DNP as a molecular scaffold have also been reviewed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud I Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lamia W Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Synthesis and molecular modeling studies of 1-benzyl-2-indolinones as selective AChE inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1705-1723. [PMID: 36524535 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Possible bioisosteres can be developed by replacing the 1-indanone ring (one of three pharmacophore groups) of donepezil with an indoline ring. As H2S donors, thioamide, thiocarbamate and thiourea groups are also critically important. Materials & methods: The 1-benzyl-2-indolinones 6a-n were designed using molecular modeling and synthesized, and their acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effects were then investigated. Results: The compounds 6h (inhibition constant [Ki] = 0.22 μM; selectivity index [SI] = 26.22), 6i (Ki = 0.24 μM; SI = 25.83), 6k (Ki = 0.22 μM; SI = 28.31) and 6n (Ki = 0.21 μM; SI = 27.14) were approximately twofold more effective against and >12-fold more selective for acetylcholinesterase compared with donepezil (Ki = 0.41 μM; SI = 2.12). Analysis of molecular dynamics simulations with compounds 6k and 6n indicated that the preferred binding might be at allosteric binding pocket 4 of the enzyme. Conclusion: Benzyl substitution at the 1-position of the indole ring significantly increased potency and selectivity.
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19
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Gasparyan HV, Buloyan SA, Harutyunyan HA, Pogosyan AE, Arshakyan LM, Harutyunyan LS, Avetisyan ZA, Tosunyan SR, Hovhannisyan AA, Topuzyan VO. Study of neuroprotective activity of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors TVA and TVS in experimental model of Alzheimer’s disease. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.8.87431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of synaptic connection between neurons of the cortex and subcortical regions. The cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD, hence acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are used for symptomatic improvement of AD. Most of these therapeutic agents are hepatotoxic, leading to liver failure and other complications. Therefore, the study of new AChEIs with less toxic impact and better effectivity is a topical challenge. In view of this, we synthesized novel chemical compounds: TVA and TVS that possess AChEI activity and studied their neuroprotective effect in an experimental AD model.
Materials and methods: Studies were performed on white rats. Acute toxicity studies were performed by Karber’s method. AD was induced via bilateral intracerebroventricular administration of Aβ 25–35. Histopathological examinations were performed in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. Liver tissue was additionally examined to monitor the hepatotoxicity of these compounds.
Results: Studies of the hippocampus showed that compared to control and TVA-treated groups, under the influence of TVS there were few morphological alterations. Experimental groups showed an increase in the glial cell count, compared to the intact animals. In comparison to the AD group, the increase in microglia was not that prominent under the action of the novel compounds. Under the influence of TVA and TVS, the entorhinal cortex was more susceptible to neuronal injury, although TVS protected pyramidal neurons. Also, the group treated with TVA had signs of acute liver damage, while under the influence of TVS there were no signs of liver changes.
Discussion: Histopathological examination showed that the neurodegenerative processes in the hippocampus, as well as in the entorhinal cortex, were significantly reduced under the influence of TVS, compared with the control group. At the same time, TVA had no significant effect on the protection of neuronal cells. Also, TVS was less toxic, and there was no sign of hepatotoxicity during the experiments.
Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that TVS possesses neuroprotective activity and reduces neuronal damage induced by Aβ.
Graphical abstract:
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20
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Asen ND, Okagu OD, Udenigwe CC, Aluko RE. In vitro inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity by yellow field pea (Pisum sativum) protein-derived peptides as revealed by kinetics and molecular docking. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1021893. [PMID: 36337665 PMCID: PMC9635817 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1021893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Compounds with structural similarities to the neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) are mostly used to inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy. However, the existing drugs only alleviate symptoms of moderate to mild conditions and come with side effects; hence, the search is still on for potent and safer options. In this study, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionations of AChE-inhibitory pea protein hydrolysates obtained from alcalase, flavourzyme and pepsin digestions were carried out followed by sequence identification of the most active fractions using mass spectrometry. Subsequently, 20 novel peptide sequences identified from the active fractions were synthesized and five peptides, QSQS, LQHNA, SQSRS, ETRSQ, PQDER (IC50 = 1.53 – 1.61 μg/mL) were selected and analyzed for ability to change AChE protein conformation (fluorescence emission and circular dichroism), kinetics of enzyme inhibition, and enzyme-ligand binding configurations using molecular docking. The kinetics studies revealed different inhibition modes by the peptides with relatively low (<0.02 mM and <0.1 mM) inhibition constant and Michaelis constant, respectively, while maximum velocity was reduced. Conformational changes were confirmed by losses in fluorescence intensity and reduced α-helix content of AChE after interactions with different peptides. Molecular docking revealed binding of the peptides to both the catalytic anionic site and the peripheral anionic site. The five analyzed peptides all contained glutamine (Q) but sequences with Q in the penultimate N-terminal position (LQHNA, SQSRS, and PQDER) had stronger binding affinity. Results from the different analysis in this study confirm that the peptides obtained from enzymatic digestion of pea protein possess the potential to be used as novel AChE-inhibitory agents in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D. Asen
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ogadimma D. Okagu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Chibuike C. Udenigwe
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rotimi E. Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Rotimi E. Aluko,
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21
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Kiziltas H, Goren AC, Alwasel SH, Gulcin İ. Sahlep ( Dactylorhiza osmanica): Phytochemical Analyses by LC-HRMS, Molecular Docking, Antioxidant Activity, and Enzyme Inhibition Profiles. Molecules 2022; 27:6907. [PMID: 36296499 PMCID: PMC9611915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown an inverse correlation among age-related illnesses like coronary heart disease and cancer and intake of fruit and vegetable. Given the probable health benefits of natural antioxidants from plants, research on them has increased. Dactylorhiza osmanica is consumed as a food and traditional medicine plant in some regions of Turkey, so evaluation of the biological ability of this species is important. In this study, the amount of phenolic content (LC-HRMS), antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibitory properties of an endemic plant, D. osmanica, were investigated. The antioxidant capacities of an ethanol extract of D. osmanica aerial parts (EDOA) and roots (EDOR) were evaluated with various antioxidant methods. Additionally, the enzyme inhibitory effects of EDOA and EDOR were examined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-glycosidase, and α-amylase enzymes, which are associated with common and global Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. The IC50 values of EDOA against the enzymes were found to be 1.809, 1.098, and 0.726 mg/mL, respectively; and the IC50 values of EDOR against the enzymes were found to be 2.466, 0.442, and 0.415 mg/mL, respectively. Additionally, LC-HRMS analyses revealed p-Coumaric acid as the most plentiful phenolic in both EDOA (541.49 mg/g) and EDOR (559.22 mg/g). Furthermore, the molecular docking interaction of p-coumaric acid, quercitrin, and vanillic acid, which are the most plentiful phenolic compounds in the extracts, with AChE, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, were evaluated using AutoDock Vina software. The rich phenolic content and the effective antioxidant ability and enzyme inhibition potentials of EDOA and EDOR may support the plant's widespread food and traditional medicinal uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Kiziltas
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceyhan Goren
- Department Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Saleh H. Alwasel
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - İlhami Gulcin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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22
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Sepehri S, Saeedi M, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. Recent developments in the design and synthesis of benzylpyridinium salts: Mimicking donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Chem 2022; 10:936240. [PMID: 36226120 PMCID: PMC9549744 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.936240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an advanced and irreversible degenerative disease of the brain, recognized as the key reason for dementia among elderly people. The disease is related to the reduced level of acetylcholine (ACh) in the brain that interferes with memory, learning, emotional, and behavior responses. Deficits in cholinergic neurotransmission are responsible for the creation and progression of numerous neurochemical and neurological illnesses such as AD. Aim: Herein, focusing on the fact that benzylpyridinium salts mimic the structure of donepezil hydrochlorideas a FDA-approved drug in the treatment of AD, their synthetic approaches and inhibitory activity against cholinesterases (ChEs) were discussed. Also, molecular docking results and structure-activity relationship (SAR) as the most significant concept in drug design and development were considered to introduce potential lead compounds. Key scientific concepts: AChE plays a chief role in the end of nerve impulse transmission at the cholinergic synapses. In this respect, the inhibition of AChE has been recognized as a key factor in the treatment of AD, Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, myasthenia gravis, and ataxia. A few drugs such as donepezil hydrochloride are prescribed for the improvement of cognitive dysfunction and memory loss caused by AD. Donepezil hydrochloride is a piperidine-containing compound, identified as a well-known member of the second generation of AChE inhibitors. It was established to treat AD when it was assumed that the disease is associated with a central cholinergic loss in the early 1980s. In this review, synthesis and anti-ChE activity of a library of benzylpyridinium salts were reported and discussed based on SAR studies looking for the most potent substituents and moieties, which are responsible for inducing the desired activity even more potent than donepezil. It was found that linking heterocyclic moieties to the benzylpyridinium salts leads to the potent ChE inhibitors. In this respect, this review focused on the recent reports on benzylpyridinium salts and addressed the structural features and SARs to get an in-depth understanding of the potential of this biologically improved scaffold in the drug discovery of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Başaran E, Çakmak R, Şentürk M, Taskin-Tok T. Biological activity and molecular docking studies of some N-phenylsulfonamides against cholinesterases and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2982. [PMID: 35842829 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this research, a series of N-phenylsulfonamide derivatives (1-12) were designed, synthesized and investigated for their inhibitory potencies against carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I, II and IX (hCA I, hCA II, and hCA IX) and cholinesterases (ChE), namely, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). These compounds, whose inhibition potentials were evaluated for the first time, were characterized by spectroscopic techniques (1 H- and 13 C NMR and FT-IR). CA isoenzyme inhibitors are significant therapeutic targets, especially owing to their preventive/activation potential in the therapy processes of some diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, and glaucoma. On the other hand, Cholinesterase inhibitors are valuable molecules with biological importance that can be employed in the therapy process of Alzheimer's patients. The results showed that the tested molecules had enzyme inhibition activities ranging from 9.7 to 93.7 nM against these five metabolic enzymes. Among the tested molecules, the methoxy and the hydroxyl group-containing compounds 10, 11, and 12 exhibited more enzyme inhibition activities when compared to standard compounds acetazolamide (AAZ), sulfapyridine, and sulfadiazine for CA isoenzymes and neostigmine for ChE, respectively. Of these three molecules, compound 12, which had a hydroxyl group in the para position in the aromatic ring, was determined to be the most active molecule against all enzymes. In silico work, molecular docking has also shown similar results and consistent with the experimental data in the study. As a result, we can say that some of the tested molecules might be used as promising inhibitor candidates for further studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyüp Başaran
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Reşit Çakmak
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Program, Vocational School of Health Services, Batman University, Batman, Turkey
| | - Murat Şentürk
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Ağrı Ibrahim Çecen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin-Tok
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Gaziantep, Turkey.,Gaziantep University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Gaziantep, Turkey
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24
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4-(4-(((1H-Benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)oxy)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-7-chloroquinoline. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1,2,3-triazole ring system can be easily obtained by widely used copper-catalyzed click reaction of azides with alkynes. 1,2,3-triazole exhibits myriad of biological activities, including antibacterial antimalarial, and antiviral activities. We herein reported the synthesis of quinoline-based [1,2,3]-triazole hybrid derivative via Cu(I)-catalyzed click reaction of 4-azido-7-chloroquinoline with alkyne derivative of hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt). The compound was fully characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), correlated spectroscopy (1H-1H-COSY), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT-135 and DEPT-90) NMR, ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Computational studies were enrolled to predict the interaction of the synthesized compound with acetylcholinesterase, a target of primary relevance for developing new therapeutic options to counteract neurodegeneration. Moreover, the drug-likeness of the compound was also investigated by predicting its pharmacokinetic properties.
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25
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Kausar N, Murtaza S, Arshad MN, Zaib Saleem RS, Asiri AM, Kausar S, Altaf AA, Tatheer A, Elnaggar AY, El-Bahy SM. Design, synthesis, crystal structure, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation, density functional theory calculations and docking studies of 2-(benzamido) benzohydrazide derivatives as potent AChE and BChE inhibitors. RSC Adv 2021; 12:154-167. [PMID: 35424495 PMCID: PMC8978638 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07221h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of hydrazone derivatives of 2-(benzamido) benzohydrazide was designed, synthesized, and characterized utilizing FTIR, NMR and UV spectroscopic techniques along with mass spectrometry. Compound 10 was also characterized through X-ray crystallography. These synthesized compounds were assessed for their potential as anti-Alzheimer's agents by checking their AChE and BChE inhibition properties by in vitro analysis. The synthesized derivatives were also evaluated for their antioxidant potential along with cytotoxicity studies. The results clearly indicated that dual inhibition of both the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was achieved by most of the compounds (03-13), showing varying IC50values. Remarkably, compound 06 (IC50 = 0.09 ± 0.05 for AChE and 0.14 ± 0.05 for BChE) and compound 13 (IC50 = 0.11 ± 0.03 for AChE and 0.10 ± 0.06 for BChE) from the series showed IC50 values comparable to the standard donepezil (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.02 for AChE and 0.14 ± 0.03 for BChE). Moreover, the derivative 11 also exhibited selective inhibition against BChE with IC50 = 0.12 ± 0.09. Meanwhile, compounds 04 and 10 exhibited good anti-oxidant activities, showing % scavenging of 95.06% and 82.55%, respectively. Cytotoxicity studies showed that the synthesized compounds showed cell viability greater than 80%; thus, these compounds can be safely used as drugs. DFT and molecular docking studies also supported the experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmana Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Arshad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University P. O. Box 80203 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Kausar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
- Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85747 Garching Germany
| | - Ataf Ali Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara Okara 56300 Pakistan
| | - Adina Tatheer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat 50700 Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Y Elnaggar
- Department of Food Nutrition Science, College of Science, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah M El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University College, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
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