Structure elucidation {single X-ray crystal diffraction studies, Hirshfeld surface analysis, DFT} and antibacterial studies of sulfonamide functionalized Schiff base copper (II) and zinc (II) complexes

Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Organotin(IV)-Hydrazone Complexes: Synthesis, Structural Elucidation, Computational Insights, and Antimicrobial Activity

In the search of some new therapeutic agents against microbial infections, a series of pentacoordinated diorganotin(IV) complexes [R2SnL1-2] were prepared by reacting 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)acetohydrazide and 3-ethoxy/5-nitrosalicylaldehyde with R2SnCl2 (R = Me, n-Bu, Et, Ph). Various spectral techniques, including NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn), FT-IR, and HRMS, confirmed their pentacoordinated geometry of complexes, further validated by single-crystal x-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis of complex 3 [Me2SnL1] that displays monoclinic crystal system with a deformed square-pyramidal geometry around the tin metal center, with two methyl groups, Nazomethine, Ophenolic, and Oenolic atoms. Furthermore, the antimicrobial study shows that all synthesized compounds (1-10) exhibit significant activity against microbial infections. Among them, complexes 6 and 10 demonstrated the highest efficacy. Findings confirmed that the biological activity of complexes surpasses that of ligands (1, 2) itself, with complex 6 [Ph2SnL1] demonstrating highest efficiency in controlling microbial infections with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.0049 µmol/mL against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli and comparable to standard drugs such as ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. To validate the enhanced antimalarial potential of the ligand 1 and its complexes (3-6), density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on all synthesized compounds.

Investigation on synthesized sulfonamide Schiff base with DFT approaches and in silico pharmacokinetic studies: Topological, NBO, and NLO analyses

The sulfonamide Schiff base (C16H14N4O3S) was successfully synthesized and experimentally ascertained. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the geometry of the aforesaid molecule using both experimental and density functional theory (DFT) techniques and determine its drug likeness characteristics, docking ability as an insulysin inhibitor, and its NLO property. For the computational investigations the DFT approaches were utilized at the B3LYP level with the 6-311G+(d,p) basic set. The experimental results of the compound (such as FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR) were compared with simulated data. The both results were well and consistent with previously related published data. The obtained spectral results confirm the formation of the Schiff base compound. Both π-π* and n-π* interactions were found in experimental and computational UV-Vis spectra, as well as in the natural bond orbital (NBO) study. The molecular, electronic, covalent, and non-covalent interactions were analyzed using DFT studies. Both experimental and simulation results revealed that the compound is successfully formed and relatively stable. The compound with a lower band gap showed high chemical reactivity. The medicinal characteristics of the compound were evaluated using in silico medicinal methods. The investigated compound was also followed Pfizer, Golden Triangle, GSK as well as Lipinski's rules. Therefore, the compound has more favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile and it can be used as non-toxic oral drug candidate. The compound was exhibited good insulysin inhibitory activity and it has almost eighteen times higher non-linear optical properties than urea and three times higher than potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP).

Synthesis, quantum chemical calculations, in silico and in vitro bioactivity of a sulfonamide-Schiff base derivative

The sulfonamide Schiff base compound (E)-4-((4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)amino)-N-(5-methylisoxazol-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide was successfully prepared and fully characterized. The foremost objective of this study was to explore the molecular geometry of the aforementioned compound and determine its drug likeness characteristics, docking ability as an insulysin inhibitor, anticancer and antioxidant activities. The molecular structure of this compound was optimized using the B3LYP/6-311G+(d,p) level of theory. The compound was completely characterized utilizing both experimental and DFT approaches. Molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbitals, Fukui function, drug likeness, and in silico molecular docking analyses of this compound were performed. Wave functional properties such as localized orbital locator, electron localization function and non-covalent interactions were also simulated. The compound was screened for anticancer and antioxidant activities using in vitro technique. The observed FT-IR, UV-Vis, and 1H NMR results compared with simulated data and both results were fairly consistent. The experimental and computational spectral findings confirm the formation of the Schiff base compound. Both π-π* and n-π* transitions were observed in both experimental and computational UV-Vis spectra. The examined compound followed to Pfizer, Golden Triangle, GSK, and Lipinski's rules. Consequently, it possesses a more favorable absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile, making it a suitable candidate for non-toxic oral drug use. Moreover, the compound exhibited promising insulysin inhibition activity in an in silico molecular docking. The compound showed in vitro anticancer activity against A549 cancer cells with an IC50 value of 40.89 μg/mL and moderate antioxidant activity.