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Costábile A, Paredes G, Aversa-Marnai M, Lorenzo C, Pérez Etcheverry D, Castellano M, Quartiani I, Conijeski D, Perretta A, Villarino A, Ferreira AM, Silva-Álvarez V. Understanding the spleen response of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) dealing with chronic heat stress and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 52:101352. [PMID: 39549417 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
Sturgeon aquaculture has grown in recent years, driven by increasing global demand for its highly valued products. Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), recognised as one of the most valuable species for caviar production, is farmed in several warm-temperate regions. However, the substantial temperature increase due to global warming represents a challenge for developing sturgeon aquaculture. Previously we demonstrated that Russian sturgeon under chronic heat stress (CHS) exhibited a liver metabolic reprogramming to meet energy demands, weakening their innate defences and leading to increased mortality and economic losses. Here, we used RNA-seq technology to analyse regulated genes in the spleen of Russian sturgeons exposed to CHS and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. The assembly gave 253,415 unigenes, with 13.7 % having at least one reliable functional annotation. We found that CHS caused mild splenitis and upregulated genes related to protein folding, heat shock response, apoptosis and autophagy while downregulated genes associated with the cell cycle. The cell cycle arrest was maintained upon A. hydrophila challenge in heat-stressed fish, potentially inducing cell senescence. Surprisingly, immunoglobulin heavy and light chains were upregulated in the spleen of stressed sturgeons but not in those maintained at tolerable temperatures; however, no changes in IgM serum levels were observed in any condition. Our findings indicate that long-term exposure to non-tolerable temperatures induced a heat shock response and activated apoptosis and autophagy processes in the spleen. These mechanisms may enable the control of tissue damage and facilitate the recycling of cell components in a condition where the nutrient supply by the liver might be insufficient. Stressed sturgeons challenged with A. hydrophila maintain these mechanisms, which could culminate in cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Costábile
- Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gonzalo Paredes
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcio Aversa-Marnai
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carmen Lorenzo
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, CP 91000, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Diana Pérez Etcheverry
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, CP 91000, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Castellano
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Quartiani
- Unidad de Patología, Biología y Cultivo de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, CP 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Alejandro Perretta
- Unidad de Patología, Biología y Cultivo de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, CP 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Villarino
- Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana María Ferreira
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Valeria Silva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Instituto de Higiene, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Costábile A, Castellano M, Aversa-Marnai M, Quartiani I, Conijeski D, Perretta A, Villarino A, Silva-Álvarez V, Ferreira AM. A different transcriptional landscape sheds light on Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) mechanisms to cope with bacterial infection and chronic heat stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:505-522. [PMID: 35985628 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sturgeons are chondrostean fish of high economic value and critically endangered due to anthropogenic activities, which has led to sturgeon aquaculture development. Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii), the second most important species reared for caviar, is successfully farmed in subtropical countries, including Uruguay. However, during the Uruguayan summer, sturgeons face intolerable warmer temperatures that weaken their defences and favour infections by opportunistic pathogens, increasing fish mortality and farm economic losses. Since innate immunity is paramount in fish, for which the liver plays a key role, we used deep RNA sequencing to analyse differentially expressed genes in the liver of Russian sturgeons exposed to chronic heat stress and challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. We assembled 149.615 unigenes in the Russian sturgeon liver transcriptome and found that metabolism and immune defence pathways are among the top five biological processes taking place in the liver. Chronic heat stress provoked profound effects on liver biological functions, up-regulating genes related to protein folding, heat shock response and lipid and protein metabolism to meet energy demands for coping with heat stress. Besides, long-term exposure to heat stress led to cell damage triggering liver inflammation and diminishing liver ability to mount an innate response to A. hydrophila challenge. Accordingly, the reprogramming of liver metabolism over an extended period had detrimental effects on fish health, resulting in weight loss and mortality, with the latter increasing after A. hydrophila challenge. To our knowledge, this is the first transcriptomic study describing how chronic heat-stressed sturgeons respond to a bacterial challenge, suggesting that liver metabolism alterations have a negative impact on the innate anti-bacterial response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Costábile
- Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Castellano
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcio Aversa-Marnai
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ignacio Quartiani
- Unidad de Patología, Biología y Cultivo de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, CP 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Alejandro Perretta
- Unidad de Patología, Biología y Cultivo de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, CP 11300, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrea Villarino
- Sección Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Valeria Silva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Ana María Ferreira
- Unidad de Inmunología, Instituto de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay; Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Hormone signaling and fatty liver in females: analysis of estrogen receptor α mutant mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:945-954. [PMID: 28220039 PMCID: PMC5735425 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with estrogen in early menopausal women protects against development of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease but estrogen has undesirable side effects, which negate its beneficial effects in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Targeted therapies require better understanding of the target sites and mechanisms by which estrogen signaling exerts its protective effects in women. Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is thought to be the primary mediator for estrogen signaling to protect against hepatic steatosis. ERα has several mechanisms for signal transduction: (1) inducing gene transcription by direct binding to specific DNA sequences, (2) inducing tethered transcription with other DNA-binding factors, and (3) stimulating nongenomic action through membrane-associated ERα. However, it is still unclear which mechanisms mediate ERα-dependent protection against hepatic steatosis. METHODS To understand the mechanisms of estrogen signaling for protection against hepatic steatosis in females, we analyzed the global ERα knockout mouse (αERKO), ERα DNA-binding domain mutant mouse (KIKO) and liver-specific ERα knockout mouse (LERKO) fed high-fat diets (HFD). The KIKO mouse disrupts the direct DNA-binding transcription activity but retains tethered transcription regulation and nongenomic action. Hepatic steatosis was evaluated by scoring the macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis as well as serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. We analyzed serum testosterone to assess its correlation with hepatic steatosis. RESULTS Liver fat accumulation was far greater in HFD-fed αERKO and KIKO females than in HFD-fed wild-type (WT) controls. Conversely, HFD-fed LERKO females did not accumulate excess liver fat. HFD-fed αERKO and KIKO females showed higher microvesicular steatosis and ALT levels than WT controls that correlated with increased serum testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS ERα-mediated direct transcription in non-hepatic tissues is essential for estrogen-mediated protection against hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed females. The balance between non-hepatic estrogen signaling and hepatic or non-hepatic testosterone action may control hepatic steatosis.
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Nutrigenomics analysis reveals that copper deficiency and dietary sucrose up-regulate inflammation, fibrosis and lipogenic pathways in a mature rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:996-1006. [PMID: 26033743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence is increasing worldwide, with the affected US population estimated near 30%. Diet is a recognized risk factor in the NAFLD spectrum, which includes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis. Low hepatic copper (Cu) was recently linked to clinical NAFLD/NASH severity. Simple sugar consumption including sucrose and fructose is implicated in NAFLD, while consumption of these macronutrients also decreases liver Cu levels. Though dietary sugar and low Cu are implicated in NAFLD, transcript-level responses that connect diet and pathology are not established. We have developed a mature rat model of NAFLD induced by dietary Cu deficiency, human-relevant high sucrose intake (30% w/w) or both factors in combination. Compared to the control diet with adequate Cu and 10% (w/w) sucrose, rats fed either high-sucrose or low-Cu diet had increased hepatic expression of genes involved in inflammation and fibrogenesis, including hepatic stellate cell activation, while the combination of diet factors also increased ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase gene transcription (fold change > 2, P < 0.02). Low dietary Cu decreased hepatic and serum Cu (P ≤ 0.05), promoted lipid peroxidation and induced NAFLD-like histopathology, while the combined factors also induced fasting hepatic insulin resistance and liver damage. Neither low Cu nor 30% sucrose in the diet led to enhanced weight gain. Taken together, transcript profiles, histological and biochemical data indicate that low Cu and high sucrose promote hepatic gene expression and physiological responses associated with NAFLD and NASH, even in the absence of obesity or severe steatosis.
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