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Ladeira C, Møller P, Giovannelli L, Gajski G, Haveric A, Bankoglu EE, Azqueta A, Gerić M, Stopper H, Cabêda J, Tonin FS, Collins A. The Comet Assay as a Tool in Human Biomonitoring Studies of Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Chemicals-A Systematic Scoping Review. TOXICS 2024; 12:270. [PMID: 38668493 PMCID: PMC11054096 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1600-560 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, 1172 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lisa Giovannelli
- Department NEUROFARBA, Section Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Goran Gajski
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Anja Haveric
- Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ezgi Eyluel Bankoglu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Marko Gerić
- Division of Toxicology, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Helga Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany; (E.E.B.); (H.S.)
| | - José Cabêda
- Guarda Nacional Republicana, Destacamento Territorial de Vila Franca de Xira, Núcleo de Proteção Ambiental, 1500-124 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, Universidad de Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. Modulation of gene expression and influence of gene polymorphisms related to genotoxicity and redox status on occupational exposure to inhaled anesthetics. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 256:114307. [PMID: 38065035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of inhalational anesthetics contributes to both indoor and outdoor (environmental) pollution. The influence of genetic susceptibility on DNA damage and oxidative stress and the possible modulation of gene expression have not yet been investigated upon occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs). This study assessed 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) gene expression, which are related to oxidized DNA repair and antioxidant capacity, respectively, and the influence of their polymorphisms (OGG1 rs1052133 and SOD2 rs4880) in 100 professionals highly exposed to WAGs and 93 unexposed volunteers (control group). Additionally, X-ray repair cross complementing 1 (XRCC1 rs25487 and rs1799782) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM rs600931) gene polymorphisms as well as genetic instability (micronucleus-MN and nuclear bud-NBUD) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde-MDA and ferric reducing antioxidant power-FRAP) biomarkers were assessed in the groups (control and exposed) and in the subgroups of the exposed group according to job occupation (anesthesiologists versus surgeons/technicians). Except for the ATM TT controls (associated with increased FRAP), there were no influences of OGG1, XRCC1, ATM, and SOD2 polymorphisms on MN, NBUD, MDA, and FRAP values in exposed or control subjects. No significant difference in the expression of either gene evaluated (OGG1 and SOD2) was found between the exposed and control groups. Increased OGG1 expression was observed among OGG1 -/Cys individuals only in the control group. Among the exposed group, anesthesiologists had a greater duration of WAG exposure (both h/week and years) than surgeons/technicians, which was associated with increased MDA and decreased antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and SOD2 expression (redox status). Higher expression of OGG1 was found in -/Cys surgeons/technicians than in anesthesiologists with the same genotype. Increased antioxidant capacity was noted in the surgeons/technicians carrying the ATM T allele and in those carrying XRCC1 -/Gln. Increased MN was influenced by OGG1 -/Cys in surgeons/technicians. Anesthesiologists with ATM CC exhibited increased MN, and those carrying the C allele (CC/CT genotype) exhibited increased NBUD. SOD2 polymorphism did not seem to be relevant for WAG exposure. These findings contribute to advancing the knowledge on genetic susceptibility/gene expression/genetic instability/oxidative stress, including differences in job occupation considering the workload, in response to occupational exposure to WAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.
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Braz MG, Figueiredo DBS, Golim MA, Grassi TF, da Costa BRB, De Martinis BS, Braz LG. Veterinarians exposed to inhaled anesthetic present chromosome damage, apoptosis and cell cycle changes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2024; 65:96-102. [PMID: 38333941 DOI: 10.1002/em.22586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated, for the first time, DNA damage, viability, and cell death of lymphocytes and cell cycle phases of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in veterinarians exposed to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane. Veterinarians who were occupationally exposed to isoflurane (exposed group; n = 20) and matched-unexposed individuals (volunteers without occupational exposure; n = 20) were enrolled in the study. DNA damage was assessed in lymphocytes by micronucleus (MN) and phosphorylated histone gamma-H2AX (γ-H2AX). Cell viability, cytotoxicity, and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry. Isoflurane was detected in urine samples by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Compared with unexposed subjects, veterinarians occupationally exposed to isoflurane (25.7 ± 23.7 μg/L urine) presented statistically higher MN frequencies, lymphocytic apoptosis rates, and numbers of polymorphonuclear cells in the G0/G1 stage. Additionally, the exposed group presented statistically lower proportions of viable lymphocytes and G2/M polymorphonuclear cells. Our findings indicate that veterinarians who are frequently exposed to inhaled anesthetic exhibit chromosomal and cell damage in addition to changes in peripheral blood cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Braz
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Marjorie A Golim
- Clinical Hospital of Botucatu Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Tony F Grassi
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruno R B da Costa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Bruno S De Martinis
- Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of Sao Paulo - USP, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Aun AG, Damasceno DC, Sinzato YK, Nogueira FR, Souza KM, Lawi YSA, Guedes JL, Silva MAP, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. High anesthetic exposure leads to oxidative damage and gene expression changes in physicians during medical residency: a cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27577-y. [PMID: 37184787 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of the possible toxic effects of occupational exposure to anesthetics is of great importance, and the literature is limited in assessing the possible association between occupational exposure to anesthetics and oxidative stress and genetic damage. To contribute to the gap of knowledge in relation to cause-effect, this cohort study was the first to monitor exposure assessment and to evaluate oxidative stress, DNA damage, and gene expression (OGG1, NRF2, HO-1, and TP53) in young adult physicians occupationally exposed to the most modern halogenated anesthetics (currently the commonly used inhalational anesthetics worldwide) in addition to nitrous oxide gas during the medical residency period. Therefore, the physicians were evaluated before the beginning of the medical residency (before the exposure to anesthetics-baseline), during (1 1/2 year) and at the end (2 1/2 years) of the medical residency. Anesthetic air monitoring was performed in operating rooms without adequate ventilation/scavenging systems, and biological samples were analyzed for lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, primary and oxidative DNA damage, antioxidant enzymes and plasma antioxidant capacity, and expression of some key genes. The results showed induction of lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, glutathione peroxidase activity, and NRF2 and OGG1 expression up to the end of medical residency. Plasma antioxidant capacity progressively increased throughout medical residency; oxidative DNA damage levels started to increase during medical residency and were higher at the end of residency than at baseline. Protein carbonyls increased during but not at the end of medical residency compared to baseline. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity remained lower than baseline during and at the end of medical residency, and HO-1 (related to antioxidant defense) expression was downregulated at the end of medical residency. Additionally, anesthetic concentrations were above international recommendations. In conclusion, high concentrations of anesthetic in the workplace induce oxidative stress, gene expression modulation, and genotoxicity in physicians during their specialization period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline G Aun
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Yuri K Sinzato
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Flávia R Nogueira
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kátina M Souza
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Youssef S A Lawi
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Júlia L Guedes
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariane A P Silva
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- UNIPEX, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Professor Mário Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil.
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Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Lara JR, Paschoalinotte EE, Braz LG, Braz MG. Evaluation of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and metabolism-related gene polymorphisms in workers exposed to waste anesthetic gases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:9609-9623. [PMID: 36057057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Professionals who work in operating rooms (ORs) may be exposed daily to waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) due to the use of inhalational anesthetics. Considering the controversial findings related to genetic damage and redox status in addition to a lack of knowledge about the effect of polymorphisms in genes related to phase I and II detoxification upon occupational exposure to WAGs, this cross-sectional study is the first to jointly evaluate biomarkers of genetic instability, oxidative stress, and susceptibility genes in professionals occupationally exposed to high trace amounts of halogenated (≥ 7 ppm) and nitrous oxide (165 ppm) anesthetics in ORs and in individuals not exposed to WAGs (control group). Elevated rates of buccal micronucleus (MN) and nuclear bud (NBUD) were observed in the exposure group and in professionals exposed aged more than 30 years. Exposed males showed a higher antioxidant capacity, as determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), than exposed females; exposed females had higher frequencies of MN and NBUD than nonexposed females. Genetic instability (MN) was observed in professionals with greater weekly WAG exposure, and those exposed for longer durations (years) exhibited oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and decreased FRAP). Polymorphisms in metabolic genes (cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)) did not exert an effect, except for the effects of the GSTP1 (rs1695) AG/GG polymorphism on FRAP (both groups) and GSTP1 AG/GG and GSTT1 null polymorphisms, which were associated with greater FRAP values in exposed males. Minimizing WAG exposure is necessary to reduce impacts on healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane A P Silva
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Lara
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Eloisa E Paschoalinotte
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- Medical School - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av. Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-687, Brazil.
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Figueiredo DBS, Aun AG, Souza KM, Nishimoto IH, Silva MAP, de Carvalho LR, Braz LG, Braz MG. High anesthetic (isoflurane) indoor pollution is associated with genetic instability, cytotoxicity, and proliferative alterations in professionals working in a veterinary hospital. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:71774-71784. [PMID: 35606583 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This is the first study to monitor anesthetic pollution in veterinary operating rooms (VOR) and assess the toxicological impact of the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane (exposed group) compared to matched volunteers (control group). DNA damage was evaluated in mononuclear cells by the comet assay while genetic instability (including micronucleus-MN), cell proliferation, and cell death markers were assessed by the buccal MN cytome assay. Residual isoflurane concentrations in VOR (air monitoring) lacking the scavenging system were assessed by infrared spectrophotometry; the mean concentration was 11 ppm (≥ 5 times above the international recommended threshold). Comet assay results did not differ between groups; however, both younger exposed professionals (with higher week workload) compared to older individuals exposed for the same period and older professionals with greater time of exposure (years) compared to those in the same age group with fewer years of exposure presented higher DNA damage. The exposed group had a higher frequency of MN, nuclear buds, binucleated cells, karyorrhexis, and karyolysis and a lower frequency of basal cells than the control group. Exposed women were more vulnerable to genetic instability and proliferative index; exposed men presented more cytotoxicity. High WAG exposure has deleterious effects on exposed professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Aline G Aun
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Kátina M Souza
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Igor H Nishimoto
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, 250, Prof. Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Prof. Mario Rubens G. Montenegro Av., Botucatu, 18618-687, Brazil.
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Lineburger EB, Módolo NSP, Braz LG, do Nascimento P. Minimal fresh gas flow sevoflurane anesthesia and postoperative acute kidney injury in on-pump cardiac surgery: a randomized comparative trial. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2021; 73:46-53. [PMID: 34852266 PMCID: PMC9801186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compound A is generated by sevoflurane when it reacts with carbon dioxide absorbers with strong bases at minimal fresh gas flow (FGF) and is nephrotoxic in animals. No conclusive data has shown increased risk in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate if minimal FGF promotes an increase in the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) when compared to high FGF in patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia. METHODS Two hundred and four adult patients scheduled for on-pump cardiac surgery under sevoflurane anesthesia were randomly allocated to two groups differentiated by FGF: minimal FGF (0.5 L.min-1) or high FGF (2.0 L.min-1). Baseline creatinine measured before surgery was compared daily to values assayed on the first five postoperative days, and 24-hour urinary output was monitored, according to the KDIGO (Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes) guideline to define postoperative cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI). Creatinine measurements were also obtained 20 and 120 days after hospital discharge. RESULTS Postoperative AKI occurred in 55 patients, 26 patients (29.5%) in the minimal FGF group and 29 patients (31.5%) in the high FGF group (p = 0.774). Twenty days after discharge, 11 patients (6.1%) still had CSA-AKI and 120 days after discharge only 2 patients (1.6%) still had CSA-AKI. CONCLUSIONS When compared to high FGF, minimal FGF sevoflurane anesthesia during on-pump cardiac surgery is not associated with increased risk of postoperative AKI in this population at high risk for renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Especialidades Cirúrgicas e Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Gobbo Braz
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Especialidades Cirúrgicas e Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo do Nascimento
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Departamento de Especialidades Cirúrgicas e Anestesiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Gao Y, Ma L, Han T, Wang M, Zhang D, Wang Y. Protective role of protocatechuic acid in sevoflurane-induced neuron apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2021; 38:323-331. [PMID: 32986634 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-201022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neonatal mice, sevoflurane, inspired through the nasal cavity to act as anesthesia, triggers neuronal apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative injury that can hamper cognitive functions in the growth of the central nervous system in the later stages of life. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to explore the potential neuroprotective effects of protocatechuic acid (PCA) to ameliorate neonatal sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. METHODS Male mice were pretreated with PCA (10 or 20 mg/kg) for half an hour before continuous treatment for 6 h with 3 % sevoflurane. TUNEL staining was performed to examine the apoptotic cells to record their count. ELISA was performed to evaluate the expressions of the proteins - IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α. Analysis of the Western blot and test of the Morris maze was determined and the results analyzed. RESULTS TUNEL findings assay showed a significant reduction with sevoflurane in neuronal apoptosis treated with PCA at 20 mg/kg. The expression of protein Caspase-3 showed significant changes in the group SEV + PCA (20 mg/kg). ELISA analysis showed that the levels of IL-18 and TNF-α were significantly reduced in the SEV + PCA (20 mg/kg) group as compared to SEV + PCA (10 mg/kg) group. MDA, ROS and SOD levels were noted to decrease significantly only in the SEV + PCA group (20 mg/kg) while IL-1β levels decreased in both SEV + PCA groups (10 or 20 mg/kg) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the hippocampal region of neonatal mouse brain were significantly reduced by pre-treatment with PCA before sevoflurane exposure. Therefore, suggesting a role for PCA as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neurobehavioral dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Ultrasound, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Department of medical Genetics and cell biology of school of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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Effects of sevoflurane exposure on apoptosis and cell cycle of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and immunologic function. BMC Anesthesiol 2021; 21:87. [PMID: 33743600 PMCID: PMC7980647 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waste anesthetic gases (WAGs) leaked from new-type halogenated inhalational anesthetics such as sevoflurane have been were reported to pose a risk for the health of operating room personnel. The effects of WAGs on peripheral blood lymphocytes, however, remain yet controversial. The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of occupational sevoflurane exposure on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical personnel who work in the operating room. METHODS A cohort of 56 medical residents were divided into exposed group (n = 28) and control group (non-exposed group) (n = 28). Gas chromatography was used to measure the concentration of sevoflurane in the medical resident's breathing zone during surgeries under inhalation anesthesia in the exposure group. The gas collection lasted an hour. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from venous blood, and then apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood was harvested to analyze the lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) were quantified by immunoturbidimetry. RESULTS The average concentration of sevoflurane in the exposed group was 1.03 ppm with a range from 0.03 ppm to 2.24 ppm. No significant effects were found on the apoptosis rates or cell cycles of peripheral blood lymphocytes in the exposed group relative to the control group (P > 0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the lymphocyte subsets or the levels of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Occupational exposure to low-level sevoflurane has no significant effect on the peripheral blood lymphocytes of operating room staff, but this conclusion needs to be confirmed by multicenter and long-term follow-up studies with large samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION ChiCTR2000040772 , December 9, 2020 (Retrospective registration).
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Effects of Occupational Exposure to Waste Anesthetic Gas on Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8831535. [PMID: 33542785 PMCID: PMC7840251 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the potential effects of waste anesthetic gas (WAG) on oxidative stress, DNA damage, and vital organs. Methods A total of 150 members of the staff at a hospital were assigned to an exposure group or control group. The 68 operating room (OR) staff in the exposure group were exposed to WAG, and the 82 non-OR staff in the control group were not exposed to WAG. Air samples were collected in the OR, and the sevoflurane concentrations in the samples were determined. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma from the participants were determined to assess oxidative stress. Western blot analysis was used to detect γH2AX in peripheral blood to assess DNA damage. Hematopoietic parameters, liver function, kidney function, and changes in electrophysiology were assessed to identify the effects on the vital organs. Results The mean (±standard deviation) sevoflurane concentration in 172 air samples from 22 operating rooms was 1.11 ± 0.65 ppm. The superoxide dismutase activity and vital organ parameters (lymphocyte, hemoglobin, and total protein concentrations and heart rate) were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the exposed group than the control group. The malondialdehyde, total bilirubin, and creatinine concentrations and QT and QTc intervals were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the exposed group than the control group. There were no significant differences between the glutathione peroxidase activities and γH2AX concentrations for the exposed and control groups. Conclusions Long-term occupational exposure to waste anesthetic gas may affect the antioxidant defense system and probably affects vital organ functions to some extent. No correlation between DNA damage and chronic exposure to WAG was observed.
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Braz MG, Silva MAP, Figueiredo DBS, Aun AG, Marques LSK, Lara JR, Braz LG. Genetic instability assessed by telomere length and micronucleus in physicians exposed to anesthetics. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2020; 61:843-847. [PMID: 32390193 DOI: 10.1002/em.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated both telomere length (TL) and micronucleus (MN) as indicators of genome instability in 40 anesthesiologists occupationally exposed to anesthetics and in 40 physicians without occupational exposure to anesthetics who were matched by age, sex, and lifestyle. Blood and buccal samples were collected from both groups at the same period. Anesthetic exposure assessment was performed. The studied groups were assessed regarding relative TL by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and MN by buccal MN assay. Mean trace concentrations of anesthetics were below two parts per million. No significant differences between groups were found for both biomarkers. However, MN frequency was slightly increased (1.9-fold; p = .094) in the exposed group compared to the control group and in the exposed males (2.4-fold; p = .090) compared to unexposed males. TL and age showed a significant negative correlation. Anesthetic occupational exposure below recommended levels is not associated with changes in TL and MN in anesthesiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Mariane A P Silva
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Drielle B S Figueiredo
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aline G Aun
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lais S K Marques
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Lara
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Khisroon M, Humayun M, Khan A, Farooqi J, Humayun, khan J. Polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes influence DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA), from Peshawar, Pakistan. Occup Environ Med 2020; 77:769-774. [DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the influence of antioxidant gene GSTM1 and GSTT1 on DNA damage in personnel occupationally exposed to volatile anaesthetics (VA).MethodsThe study groups were composed of 50 exposed subjects (anaesthesia workers) and 49 controls. Blood samples were collected from both subjects. DNA damage was analysed through the comet assay technique. Biomarker genes GSTM1 and GSTT1 were inspected through PCR technique for polymorphism.ResultsThe comet assay technique showed that the Total Comet Score (TCS) in exposed subjects was significantly higher (p=0.0001) than the control. Age and smoking had significant effects on TCS in the study groups (p<0.05). Duration of occupational exposure had significant positive correlation (r=0.755, p<0.001) with DNA damage. The null polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene showed a significant effect (p<0.001 and p<0.000) on the DNA damage.ConclusionsThe polymorphism in GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene significantly damage DNA in personnel occupationally exposed to VA.
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Braz MG, Carvalho LIM, Chen CYO, Blumberg JB, Souza KM, Arruda NM, Filho DAA, Resende LO, Faria RTBG, Canário CD, de Carvalho LR, Corrêa CR, Braz JRC, Braz LG. High concentrations of waste anesthetic gases induce genetic damage and inflammation in physicians exposed for three years: A cross-sectional study. INDOOR AIR 2020; 30:512-520. [PMID: 31930534 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study analyzed the impact of occupational waste anesthetic gases on genetic material, oxidative stress, and inflammation status in young physicians exposed to inhalational anesthetics at the end of their medical residency. Concentrations of waste anesthetic gases were measured in the operating rooms to assess anesthetic pollution. The exposed group comprised individuals occupationally exposed to inhalational anesthetics, while the control group comprised individuals without anesthetic exposure. We quantified DNA damage; genetic instability (micronucleus-MN); protein, lipid, and DNA oxidation; antioxidant activities; and proinflammatory cytokine levels. Trace concentrations of anesthetics (isoflurane: 5.3 ± 2.5 ppm, sevoflurane: 9.7 ± 5.9 ppm, and nitrous oxide: 180 ± 150 ppm) were above international recommended thresholds. Basal DNA damage and IL-17A were significantly higher in the exposed group [27 ± 20 a.u. and 20.7(19.1;31.8) pg/mL, respectively] compared to the control group [17 ± 11 a.u. and 19.0(18.9;19.5) pg/mL, respectively], and MN frequency was slightly increased in the exposed physicians (2.3-fold). No significant difference was observed regarding oxidative stress biomarkers. The findings highlight the genetic and inflammatory risks in young physicians exposed to inhalational agents in operating rooms lacking adequate scavenging systems. This potential health hazard can accompany these subjects throughout their professional lives and reinforces the need to reduce ambient air pollution and consequently, occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lorena I M Carvalho
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chung-Yen O Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Blumberg
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kátina M Souza
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Nayara M Arruda
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Daniel A A Filho
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ludimila O Resende
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Renata T B G Faria
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Clara d'A Canário
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Lídia R de Carvalho
- Department of Bioestatistics, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Camila R Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Reinaldo C Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Leandro G Braz
- GENOTOX Laboratory - UNIPEX, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical School, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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