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Jain V, Saini D, Soren DC, Kumar VA, Vivek Kumar PR, Koya PKM, Jaikrishan G, Das B. Non-linear dose response of DNA double strand breaks in response to chronic low dose radiation in individuals from high level natural radiation areas of Kerala coast. Genes Environ 2023; 45:16. [PMID: 37127760 PMCID: PMC10150514 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human population living in high level natural radiation areas (HLNRAs) of Kerala coast provide unique opportunities to study the biological effects of low dose and low dose rate ionizing radiation below 100 mGy. The level of radiation in this area varies from < 1.0 to 45 mGy/year. The areas with ≤ 1.50 mGy/year are considered as normal level natural radiation areas (NLNRA) and > 1.50 mGy/year, as high level natural radiation areas (HLNRA). The present study evaluated dose response relationship between DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and background radiation dose in individuals residing in Kerala coast. Venous blood samples were collected from 200 individuals belonging to NLNRA (n = 50) and four dose groups of HLNRA; 1.51-5.0 mGy/year (n = 50), 5.01-10.0 mGy/year (n = 30), 10.01-15.0 mGy/year (n = 33), > 15.0 mGy/year (n = 37) with written informed consent. The mean dose of NLNRA and four HLNRA dose groups studied are 1.21 ± 0.21 (range: 0.57-1.49), 3.02 ± 0.95 (range: 1.57-4.93), 7.43 ± 1.48 (range: 5.01-9.75), 12.22 ± 1.47 (range: 10.21-14.99), 21.64 ± 6.28 (range: 15.26-39.88) mGy/year, respectively. DNA DSBs were quantified using γH2AX as a marker, where foci were counted per cell using fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Our results revealed that the frequency of γH2AX foci per cell was 0.090 ± 0.051 and 0.096 ± 0.051, respectively in NLNRA and HLNRA individuals, which were not significantly different (t198 = 0.33; P = 0.739). The frequency of γH2AX foci was observed to be 0.090 ± 0.051, 0.096 ± 0.051, 0.076 ± 0.036, 0.087 ± 0.042, 0.108 ± 0.046 per cell, respectively in different dose groups of ≤ 1.50, 1.51-5.0, 5.01-10.0, 10.01-15.0, > 15.0mGy/year (ANOVA, F4,195 = 2.18, P = 0.072) and suggested non-linearity in dose response. The frequency of γH2AX foci was observed to be 0.098 ± 0.042, 0.078 ± 0.037, 0.084 ± 0.042, 0.099 ± 0.058, 0.097 ± 0.06 and 0.114 ± 0.033 per cell in the age groups of ≤ 29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49 and ≥ 50 years, respectively (ANOVA, F5,194 = 2.17, P = 0.059), which suggested marginal influence of age on the baseline of DSBs. Personal habits such as smoking (No v/s Yes: 0.092 ± 0.047 v/s 0.093 ± 0.048, t198 = 0.13; P = 0.895) and drinking alcohol (No v/s Yes: 0.096 ± 0.052 v/s 0.091 ± 0.045, t198 = 0.62; P = 0.538) did not show any influence on DSBs in the population. CONCLUSION The present study did not show any increase in DSBs in different dose groups of HLNRA compared to NLNRA, however, it suggested a non-linear dose response between DNA DSBs and chronic low dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Jain
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - Divyalakshmi Saini
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - D C Soren
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - P R Vivek Kumar
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, LLRRS, RB&HSD, BSG, BARC, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam, Kerala, 691 001, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| | - P K M Koya
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, LLRRS, RB&HSD, BSG, BARC, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam, Kerala, 691 001, India
| | - G Jaikrishan
- Low Level Radiation Research Laboratory, LLRRS, RB&HSD, BSG, BARC, IRE Campus, Beach Road, Kollam, Kerala, 691 001, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section (LLRRS), Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division (RB&HSD), Bio-Sciences Group (BSG), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Anushakti Nagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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Oxidative Modification Status of Human Serum Albumin Caused by Chronic Low-Dose Radiation Exposure in Mamuju, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122384. [PMID: 36552593 PMCID: PMC9774575 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered high-level natural background radiation area (HBRA) of Mamuju in Indonesia provides a unique opportunity to study the biological effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposure on a human population. The mean total effective dose in the HBRA was approximately 69.6 mSv y-1 (range: 47.1 to 115.2 mSv y-1), based on a re-evaluation of the individual radiation exposure dose; therefore, proteomic analyses of serum components and oxidative modification profiling of residents living in the HBRA were reconducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis of the oxidative modification sequences of human serum albumin revealed significant moderate correlations between the radiation dose and the modification of 12 sequences, especially the 111th methionine, 162nd tyrosine, 356th tyrosine, and 470th methionine residues. In addition, a dose-dependent variation in 15 proteins of the serum components was detected in the serum of residents exposed to chronic low-dose radiation. These findings suggest that the alterations in the expression of specific proteins and the oxidative modification responses of serum albumin found in exposed humans may be important indicators for considering the effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposure on living organisms, implying their potential utility as biomarkers of radiation dose estimation.
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