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Koenders L, Lorenzetti V, de Haan L, Suo C, Vingerhoets WAM, van den Brink W, Wiers RW, Meijer CJ, Machielsen MWJ, Goudriaan AE, Veltman DJ, Yücel M, Cousijn J. Longitudinal study of hippocampal volumes in heavy cannabis users. J Psychopharmacol 2017; 31:1027-1034. [PMID: 28741422 PMCID: PMC5544121 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117718380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis exposure, particularly heavy cannabis use, has been associated with neuroanatomical alterations in regions rich with cannabinoid receptors such as the hippocampus in some but not in other (mainly cross-sectional) studies. However, it remains unclear whether continued heavy cannabis use alters hippocampal volume, and whether an earlier age of onset and/or a higher dosage exacerbate these changes. METHODS Twenty heavy cannabis users (mean age 21 years, range 18-24 years) and 23 matched non-cannabis using healthy controls were submitted to a comprehensive psychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging scan at baseline and at follow-up (average of 39 months post-baseline; standard deviation=2.4). Cannabis users started smoking around 16 years and smoked on average five days per week. A novel aspect of the current study is that hippocampal volume estimates were obtained from manual tracing the hippocampus on T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scans, using a previously validated protocol. RESULTS Compared to controls, cannabis users did not show hippocampal volume alterations at either baseline or follow-up. Hippocampal volumes increased over time in both cannabis users and controls, following similar trajectories of increase. Cannabis dose and age of onset of cannabis use did not affect hippocampal volumes. CONCLUSIONS Continued heavy cannabis use did not affect hippocampal neuroanatomical changes in early adulthood. This contrasts with prior evidence on alterations in this region in samples of older adult cannabis users. In young adults using cannabis at this level, cannabis use may not be heavy enough to affect hippocampal neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Koenders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V Lorenzetti
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Suo
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - WAM Vingerhoets
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W van den Brink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - RW Wiers
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - CJ Meijer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - MWJ Machielsen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - AE Goudriaan
- Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - DJ Veltman
- VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Yücel
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Cousijn
- Addiction Development and Psychopathology (ADAPT)-lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kaess M, Simmons JG, Whittle S, Jovev M, Chanen AM, Yücel M, Pantelis C, Allen NB. Sex-specific prediction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity by pituitary volume during adolescence: a longitudinal study from 12 to 17 years of age. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2694-704. [PMID: 23906875 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the longitudinal relationship between pituitary gland volume (PGV) and parameters of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) functioning during adolescence. METHODS Participants were 49 adolescents (19 girls and 30 boys) selected from a larger longitudinal, population-based study of adolescent development. Assessments were conducted at three time points (S1, S2 and S3). MRI sessions were at S1 (age: M=12.62, SD=0.45 years) and S3 (M=16.48, SD=0.53 years) and multiple assessments of salivary cortisol were undertaken at S2 (M=15.51, SD=0.35 years). PGV was measured via previously validated manual tracing methods, and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and diurnal slope (DSL) were used as indices of HPAA functioning. RESULTS A significant sex-linked interaction was found for PGV at S1 predicting both CAR (p=0.025) and DSL (p=0.009) at S2. Specifically, PGV at S1 significantly predicted CAR (p=0.033) and DSL (p=0.010) in boys only, with no significant results found for girls. Neither CAR nor DSL at S2 predicted growth of PGV from S1 to S3. CONCLUSIONS PGV in early adolescence predicted HPAA functioning in mid-adolescent boys but not in girls. The results suggest a significant influence of sex-specific development on the relationship between PGV and HPAA activity and reactivity. The findings have potential implications for understanding and interpreting sex-linked and stress related clinical disorders that emerge during mid-to-late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kaess
- Orygen Youth Health Clinical Program, Northwestern Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Section for Disorders of Personality Development, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Malone IB, Cash D, Ridgway GR, MacManus DG, Ourselin S, Fox NC, Schott JM. MIRIAD--Public release of a multiple time point Alzheimer's MR imaging dataset. Neuroimage 2013; 70:33-6. [PMID: 23274184 PMCID: PMC3809512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Minimal Interval Resonance Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease (MIRIAD) dataset is a series of longitudinal volumetric T1 MRI scans of 46 mild-moderate Alzheimer's subjects and 23 controls. It consists of 708 scans conducted by the same radiographer with the same scanner and sequences at intervals of 2, 6, 14, 26, 38 and 52 weeks, 18 and 24 months from baseline, with accompanying information on gender, age and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. Details of the cohort and imaging results have been described in peer-reviewed publications, and the data are here made publicly available as a common resource for researchers to develop, validate and compare techniques, particularly for measurement of longitudinal volume change in serially acquired MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B. Malone
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David Cash
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gerard R. Ridgway
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - David G. MacManus
- NMR Research Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sebastien Ourselin
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nick C. Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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4
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Leung KK, Clarkson MJ, Bartlett JW, Clegg S, Jack CR, Weiner MW, Fox NC, Ourselin S. Robust atrophy rate measurement in Alzheimer's disease using multi-site serial MRI: tissue-specific intensity normalization and parameter selection. Neuroimage 2009; 50:516-23. [PMID: 20034579 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an improved method of measuring brain atrophy rates from serial MRI for multi-site imaging studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The method (referred to as KN-BSI) improves an existing brain atrophy measurement technique-the boundary shift integral (classic-BSI), by performing tissue-specific intensity normalization and parameter selection. We applied KN-BSI to measure brain atrophy rates of 200 normal and 141 AD subjects using baseline and 1-year MRI scans downloaded from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Baseline and repeat images were reviewed as pairs by expert raters and given quality scores. Including all image pairs, regardless of quality score, mean KN-BSI atrophy rates were 0.09% higher (95% CI 0.03% to 0.16%, p=0.007) than classic-BSI rates in controls and 0.07% higher (-0.01% to 0.16%, p=0.07) higher in ADs. The SD of the KN-BSI rates was 22% lower (15% to 29%, p<0.001) in controls and 13% lower (6% to 20%, p=0.001) in ADs, compared to classic-BSI. Using these results, the estimated sample size (needed per treatment arm) for a hypothetical trial of a treatment for AD (80% power, 5% significance to detect a 25% reduction in atrophy rate) would be reduced from 120 to 81 (a 32% reduction, 95% CI=18% to 45%, p<0.001) when using KN-BSI instead of classic-BSI. We concluded that KN-BSI offers more robust brain atrophy measurement than classic-BSI and substantially reduces sample sizes needed in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K Leung
- Dementia Research Centre (DRC), Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Chou YY, Leporé N, Avedissian C, Madsen SK, Parikshak N, Hua X, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Weiner MW, Toga AW, Thompson PM. Mapping correlations between ventricular expansion and CSF amyloid and tau biomarkers in 240 subjects with Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment and elderly controls. Neuroimage 2009; 46:394-410. [PMID: 19236926 PMCID: PMC2696357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to improve on the single-atlas ventricular segmentation method of (Carmichael, O.T., Thompson, P.M., Dutton, R.A., Lu, A., Lee, S.E., Lee, J.Y., Kuller, L.H., Lopez, O.L., Aizenstein, H.J., Meltzer, C.C., Liu, Y., Toga, A.W., Becker, J.T., 2006. Mapping ventricular changes related to dementia and mild cognitive impairment in a large community-based cohort. IEEE ISBI. 315-318) by using multi-atlas segmentation, which has been shown to lead to more accurate segmentations (Chou, Y., Leporé, N., de Zubicaray, G., Carmichael, O., Becker, J., Toga, A., Thompson, P., 2008. Automated ventricular mapping with multi-atlas fluid image alignment reveals genetic effects in Alzheimer's disease, NeuroImage 40(2): 615-630); with this method, we calculated minimal numbers of subjects needed to detect correlations between clinical scores and ventricular maps. We also assessed correlations between emerging CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology and localizable deficits in the brain, in 80 AD, 80 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 80 healthy controls from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Six expertly segmented images and their embedded parametric mesh surfaces were fluidly registered to each brain; segmentations were averaged within subjects to reduce errors. Surface-based statistical maps revealed powerful correlations between surface morphology and 4 variables: (1) diagnosis, (2) depression severity, (3) cognitive function at baseline, and (4) future cognitive decline over the following year. Cognitive function was assessed using the mini-mental state exam (MMSE), global and sum-of-boxes clinical dementia rating (CDR) scores, at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Lower CSF Abeta(1-42) protein levels, a biomarker of AD pathology assessed in 138 of the 240 subjects, were correlated with lateral ventricular expansion. Using false discovery rate (FDR) methods, 40 and 120 subjects, respectively, were needed to discriminate AD and MCI from normal groups. 120 subjects were required to detect correlations between ventricular enlargement and MMSE, global CDR, sum-of-boxes CDR and clinical depression scores. Ventricular expansion maps correlate with pathological and cognitive measures in AD, and may be useful in future imaging-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Chou
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natasha Leporé
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christina Avedissian
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah K. Madsen
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Neelroop Parikshak
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xue Hua
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leslie M. Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q. Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Institute on Aging, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael W. Weiner
- Department of Radiology, Medicine and Psychiatry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Clarkson MJ, Ourselin S, Nielsen C, Leung KK, Barnes J, Whitwell JL, Gunter JL, Hill DLG, Weiner MW, Jack CR, Fox NC. Comparison of phantom and registration scaling corrections using the ADNI cohort. Neuroimage 2009; 47:1506-13. [PMID: 19477282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of brain atrophy derived from serial magnetic resonance (MR) studies may be used to assess therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD). These measures may be confounded by changes in scanner voxel sizes. For this reason, the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) included the imaging of a geometric phantom with every scan. This study compares voxel scaling correction using a phantom with correction using a 9 degrees of freedom (9DOF) registration algorithm. We took 129 pairs of baseline and 1-year repeat scans, and calculated the volume scaling correction, previously measured using the phantom. We used the registration algorithm to quantify any residual scaling errors, and found the algorithm to be unbiased, with no significant (p=0.97) difference between control (n=79) and AD subjects (n=50), but with a mean (SD) absolute volume change of 0.20 (0.20) % due to linear scalings. 9DOF registration was shown to be comparable to geometric phantom correction in terms of the effect on atrophy measurement and unbiased with respect to disease status. These results suggest that the additional expense and logistic effort of scanning a phantom with every patient scan can be avoided by registration-based scaling correction. Furthermore, based upon the atrophy rates in the AD subjects in this study, sample size requirements would be approximately 10-12% lower with (either) correction for voxel scaling than if no correction was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Clarkson
- Dementia Research Centre, University College London, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
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7
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Leow AD, Yanovsky I, Parikshak N, Hua X, Lee S, Toga AW, Jack CR, Bernstein MA, Britson PJ, Gunter JL, Ward CP, Borowski B, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Fleisher AS, Harvey D, Kornak J, Schuff N, Alexander GE, Weiner MW, Thompson PM. Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative: a one-year follow up study using tensor-based morphometry correlating degenerative rates, biomarkers and cognition. Neuroimage 2009; 45:645-55. [PMID: 19280686 PMCID: PMC2696624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensor-based morphometry can recover three-dimensional longitudinal brain changes over time by nonlinearly registering baseline to follow-up MRI scans of the same subject. Here, we compared the anatomical distribution of longitudinal brain structural changes, over 12 months, using a subset of the ADNI dataset consisting of 20 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 40 healthy elderly controls, and 40 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Each individual longitudinal change map (Jacobian map) was created using an unbiased registration technique, and spatially normalized to a geometrically-centered average image based on healthy controls. Voxelwise statistical analyses revealed regional differences in atrophy rates, and these differences were correlated with clinical measures and biomarkers. Consistent with prior studies, we detected widespread cerebral atrophy in AD, and a more restricted atrophic pattern in MCI. In MCI, temporal lobe atrophy rates were correlated with changes in mini-mental state exam (MMSE) scores, clinical dementia rating (CDR), and logical/verbal learning memory scores. In AD, temporal atrophy rates were correlated with several biomarker indices, including a higher CSF level of p-tau protein, and a greater CSF tau/beta amyloid 1-42 (ABeta42) ratio. Temporal lobe atrophy was significantly faster in MCI subjects who converted to AD than in non-converters. Serial MRI scans can therefore be analyzed with nonlinear image registration to relate ongoing neurodegeneration to a variety of pathological biomarkers, cognitive changes, and conversion from MCI to AD, tracking disease progression in 3-dimensional detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Leow
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1769, USA.
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8
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Klöppel S, Henley SM, Hobbs NZ, Wolf RC, Kassubek J, Tabrizi SJ, Frackowiak RSJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of Huntington's disease: preparing for clinical trials. Neuroscience 2009; 164:205-19. [PMID: 19409230 PMCID: PMC2771270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The known genetic mutation causing Huntington's disease (HD) makes this disease an important model to study links between gene and brain function. An autosomal dominant family history and the availability of a sensitive and specific genetic test allow pre-clinical diagnosis many years before the onset of any typical clinical signs. This review summarizes recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based findings in HD with a focus on the requirements if imaging is to be used in treatment trials. Despite its monogenetic cause, HD presents with a range of clinical manifestations, not explained by variation in the number of CAG repeats in the affected population. Neuroimaging studies have revealed a complex pattern of structural and functional changes affecting widespread cortical and subcortical regions far beyond the confines of the striatal degeneration that characterizes this disorder. Besides striatal dysfunction, functional imaging studies have reported a variable pattern of increased and decreased activation in cortical regions in both pre-clinical and clinically manifest HD-gene mutation carriers. Beyond regional brain activation changes, evidence from functional and diffusion-weighted MRI further suggests disrupted connectivity between corticocortical and corticostriatal areas. However, substantial inconsistencies with respect to structural and functional changes have been reported in a number of studies. Possible explanations include methodological factors and differences in study samples. There may also be biological explanations but these are poorly characterized and understood at present. Additional insights into this phenotypic variability derived from study of mouse models are presented to explore this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Klöppel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Freiburg Brain Imaging, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Barnes J, Scahill RI, Frost C, Schott JM, Rossor MN, Fox NC. Increased hippocampal atrophy rates in AD over 6 months using serial MR imaging. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 29:1199-203. [PMID: 17368654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We measured hippocampi on baseline-, 6- and 12-month scans in a group of AD (n=36) and control subjects (n=20). We found that mean annualised atrophy rates using 6-month intervals were comparable at a group level to those generated from a 12-month interval. Higher variance was seen using shorter intervals, although this was only significant in the control group. This has implications where shorter inter-scan intervals may be advantageous, such as rapid diagnosis, and tracking of disease progression including in a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Barnes
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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Leung KK, Holden M, Saeed N, Brooks KJ, Buckton JB, Williams AA, Campbell SP, Changani K, Reid DG, Zhao Y, Wilde M, Rueckert D, Hajnal JV, Hill DLG. Automatic quantification of changes in bone in serial MR images of joints. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2006; 25:1617-26. [PMID: 17167996 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2006.884216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent innovations in drug therapies have made it highly desirable to obtain sensitive biomarkers of disease progression that can be used to quantify the performance of candidate disease modifying drugs. In order to measure potential image-based biomarkers of disease progression in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we present two different methods to automatically quantify changes in a bone in in-vivo serial magnetic resonance (MR) images from the model. Both methods are based on rigid and nonrigid image registration to perform the analysis. The first method uses segmentation propagation to delineate a bone from the serial MR images giving a global measure of temporal changes in bone volume. The second method uses rigid body registration to determine intensity change within a bone, and then maps these into a reference coordinate system using nonrigid registration. This gives a local measure of temporal changes in bone lesion volume. We detected significant temporal changes in local bone lesion volume in five out of eight identified candidate bone lesion regions, and significant difference in local bone lesion volume between male and female subjects in three out of eight candidate bone lesion regions. But the global bone volume was found to be fluctuating over time. Finally, we compare our findings with histology of the subjects and the manual segmentation of bone lesions.
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Boyes RG, Rueckert D, Aljabar P, Whitwell J, Schott JM, Hill DLG, Fox NC. Cerebral atrophy measurements using Jacobian integration: Comparison with the boundary shift integral. Neuroimage 2006; 32:159-69. [PMID: 16675272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We compared two methods of measuring cerebral atrophy in a cohort of 38 clinically probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects and 22 age-matched normal controls, using metrics of zero atrophy, consistency, scaled atrophy and AD/control group separation. The two methods compared were the boundary shift integral (BSI) and a technique based on the integration of Jacobian determinants from non-rigid registration. For each subject, we used two volumetric magnetic resonance (MR) scans at baseline and a third obtained 1 year later. The case of zero atrophy was established by registering the same-day baseline scan pair, which should approximate zero change. Consistency was established by registering the 1-year follow-up scan to each of the baseline scans, giving two measurements of atrophy that should be very similar, while scaled atrophy was established by reducing one of the same-day scans by a fixed amount, and rigidly registering this to the other same-day scan. Group separation was ascertained by calculating atrophy rates over the two 1-year measures for the control and AD subjects. The results showed the Jacobian integration technique was significantly more accurate in calculating scaled atrophy (P < 0.001) and was able to distinguish between control and AD subjects more clearly (P < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Boyes
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, Box 16, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Josephs KA, Whitwell JL, Boeve BF, Shiung MM, Gunter JL, Parisi JE, Dickson DW, Jack CR. Rates of cerebral atrophy in autopsy-confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy. Ann Neurol 2006; 59:200-3. [PMID: 16278856 DOI: 10.1002/ana.20707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the rates of cerebral atrophy and ventricular expansion in six patients with autopsy confirmed progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and multiple antemortem volumetric head MRI scans. METHODS This study uses the boundary shift integral to determine rates of cerebral atrophy and ventricular expansion in six patients with pathologically confirmed PSP compared with six age- and sex-matched control subjects. RESULTS Patients with PSP had a rate of cerebral atrophy and ventricular expansion of 1.3 and 7.0% per year compared with 0.4 and 1.8% in control subjects. INTERPRETATION These rates provide a benchmark that can be used to monitor future treatment response in PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Josephs
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street NW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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