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Kosikowska-Adamus P, Golda A, Ryl J, Pilarczyk-Zurek M, Bereta G, Ossowski T, Lesner A, Koziel J, Prahl A, Niedziałkowski P. Electrochemical detection of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on gold electrode modified with DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH - Antimicrobial peptide conjugate. Talanta 2024; 273:125881. [PMID: 38492283 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This work describes fabrication of gold electrodes modified with peptide conjugate DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH that enables ultra-sensitive detection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from the reference strain of Escherichia coli O26:B6. The initial step of the established procedure implies immobilization of the fully protected DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH peptide on the surface of the gold electrode previously modified by cysteamine. Then side chain- and Fmoc-deprotection was performed in situ on the electrode surface, followed by its incubation in 1 % of BSA solution to block non-specific bindings sites before LPS detection. The efficiency of the modification was confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Additionally, the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impendance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed to monitor the effectiveness of each step of the modification. The obtained results confirmed that the presence of the surface-attached covalently bound peptide DAL-PEG-DK5-PEG-OH enables LPS detection by means of CV technique within the range from 5 × 10-13 to 5 × 10-4 g/mL in PBS solution. The established limit of detection (LOD) for EIS measurements was 4.93 × 10-21 g/mL with wide linear detection range from 5 × 10-21 to 5 × 10-14 g/mL in PBS solution. Furthermore, we confirmed the ability of the electrode to detect LPS in a complex biological samples, like mouse urine and human serum. The effectiveness of the electrodes in identifying LPS in both urine and serum matrices was confirmed for samples containing LPS at both 2.5 × 10-15 g/mL and 2.5 × 10-9 g/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Kosikowska-Adamus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Golda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Bereta
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ossowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Adam Prahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Paweł Niedziałkowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Rozman M, Štukovnik Z, Sušnik A, Pakseresht A, Hočevar M, Drobne D, Bren U. A HepG2 Cell-Based Biosensor That Uses Stainless Steel Electrodes for Hepatotoxin Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12030160. [PMID: 35323430 PMCID: PMC8946082 DOI: 10.3390/bios12030160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans are frequently exposed to environmental hepatotoxins, which can lead to liver failure. Biosensors may be the best candidate for the detection of hepatotoxins because of their high sensitivity and specificity, convenience, time-saving, low cost, and extremely low detection limit. To investigate suitability of HepG2 cells for biosensor use, different methods of adhesion on stainless steel surfaces were investigated, with three groups of experiments performed in vitro. Cytotoxicity assays, which include the resazurin assay, the neutral red assay (NR), and the Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) assay, were used to determine the viability of HepG2 cells exposed to various concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and isoniazid (INH) in parallel. The viability of the HepG2 cells on the stainless steel surface was quantitatively and qualitatively examined with different microscopy techniques. A simple cell-based electrochemical biosensor was developed by evaluating the viability of the HepG2 cells on the stainless steel surface when exposed to various concentrations of AFB1 and INH by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that HepG2 cells can adhere to the metal surface and could be used as part of the biosensor to determine simple hepatotoxic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rozman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
- FunGlass—Center for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia;
| | - Zala Štukovnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
| | - Ajda Sušnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
- National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Amirhossein Pakseresht
- FunGlass—Center for Functional and Surface Functionalized Glass, Alexander Dubček University of Trenčín, 91150 Trenčín, Slovakia;
| | - Matej Hočevar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (D.D.)
- Institute of Metals and Technology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Urban Bren
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.R.); (Z.Š.); (A.S.)
- Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, Faculty of Mathematics, University of Primorska, 6000 Koper, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Electrochemical Cell-Based Sensor for Detection of Food Hazards. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12070837. [PMID: 34357247 PMCID: PMC8306248 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
People’s health has been threatened by several common food hazards. Thus, it is very important to establish rapid and accurate methods to detect food hazards. In recent years, biosensors have inspired developments because of their specificity and sensitivity, short reaction time, low cost, small size and easy operation. Owing to their high precision and non-destructive characteristics, cell-based electrochemical detection methods can reflect the damage of food hazards to organisms better. In this review, the characteristics of electrochemical cell-based biosensors and their applications in the detection of common hazards in food are reviewed. The strategies of cell immobilization and 3D culture on electrodes are discussed. The current limitations and further development prospects of cell-based electrochemical biosensors are also evaluated.
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Holland I, McCormick C, Connolly P. Towards non-invasive characterisation of coronary stent re-endothelialisation - An in-vitro, electrical impedance study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206758. [PMID: 30395632 PMCID: PMC6218196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The permanent implantation of a stent has become the most common method for ameliorating coronary artery narrowing arising from atherosclerosis. Following the procedure, optimal arterial wall healing is characterised by the complete regrowth of an Endothelial Cell monolayer over the exposed stent surface and surrounding tissue, thereby reducing the risk of thrombosis. However, excessive proliferation of Smooth Muscle Cells, within the artery wall can lead to unwanted renarrowing of the vessel lumen. Current imaging techniques are unable to adequately identify re-endothelialisation, and it has previously been reported that the stent itself could be used as an electrode in combination with electrical impedance spectroscopic techniques to monitor the post-stenting recovery phase. The utility of such a device will be determined by its ability to characterise between vascular cell types. Here we present in-vitro impedance spectroscopy measurements of pulmonary artery porcine Endothelial Cells, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells and coronary artery porcine Smooth Muscle Cells grown to confluence over platinum black electrodes in clinically relevant populations. These measurements were obtained, using a bespoke impedance spectroscopy system that autonomously performed impedance sweeps in the 1kHz to 100kHz frequency range. Analysis of the reactance component of impedance revealed distinct frequency dependent profiles for each cell type with post confluence reactance declines in Endothelial Cell populations that have not been previously reported. Such profiles provide a means of non-invasively characterising between the cell types and give an indication that impedance spectroscopic techniques may enable the non-invasive characterisation of the arterial response to stent placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Holland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Christopher McCormick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Cheng C, Wu J, Chen J. A highly sensitive aptasensor for on-site detection of lipopolysaccharides in food. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:890-896. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cheng
- Department of Engineering and Technology Management; Morehead State University; Morehead KY USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Jayne Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Public Health; The University of Tennessee; Knoxville TN USA
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Sun J, Zhu P, Wang X, Ji J, Habimana JDD, Shao J, Lei H, Zhang Y, Sun X. Cell Based-Green Fluorescent Biosensor Using Cytotoxic Pathway for Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Recognition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6869-6876. [PMID: 29906103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a characteristic component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, can be used as an effective biomarker to detect bacterial contamination. Here, we reported a 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cell-based fluorescent biosensor to detect and identify LPS, which is carried out in a 96-well microplate which is nondestructive, user-friendly, and highly efficient. The promoter sequence of the critical signaling pathway gene ZC3H12A (encoding MCPIP1 protein) and enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) were combined to construct a recombinant plasmid, which was transferred into 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cells through lipid-mediated, DNA-transfection way. LPS was able to bind to TLR4 and coreceptors-induced signaling pathway could result in green fluorescent protein expression. Results show that stable transfected 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cells with LPS treatment could be directly and continually observed under a high content screening imaging system. The novel cell-based biosensor detects LPS at low concentration, along with the detection limit of 0.075 μg/mL. The cell-based biosensor was evaluated by differentiating Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and detecting LPS in fruit juices as well. This proposed fluorescent biosensor has potential in sensing LPS optically in foodstuff and biological products, as well as bacteria identification, contributing to the control of foodborne diseases and ensurance of public food safety with its high throughput detection way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology , Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd. , Shanghai 200436 , China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Jean de Dieu Habimana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Zhangjiagang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau , Zhangjiagang , Jiangsu 215600 , China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , Guangdong Province P. R. China
| | - Yinzhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control , Jiangnan University , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , P. R. China
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Jiang H, Jiang D, Shao J, Sun X, Wang J. High-throughput living cell-based optical biosensor for detection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a red fluorescent protein reporter system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36987. [PMID: 27841364 PMCID: PMC5107890 DOI: 10.1038/srep36987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high toxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting in sepsis and septic shock, two major causes of death worldwide, significant effort is directed toward the development of specific trace-level LPS detection systems. Here, we report sensitive, user-friendly, high-throughput LPS detection in a 96-well microplate using a transcriptional biosensor system, based on 293/hTLR4A-MD2-CD14 cells that are transformed by a red fluorescent protein (mCherry) gene under the transcriptional control of an NF-κB response element. The recognition of LPS activates the biosensor cell, TLR4, and the co-receptor-induced NF-κB signaling pathway, which results in the expression of mCherry fluorescent protein. The novel cell-based biosensor detects LPS with specificity at low concentration. The cell-based biosensor was evaluated by testing LPS isolated from 14 bacteria. Of the tested bacteria, 13 isolated Enterobacteraceous LPSs with hexa-acylated structures were found to increase red fluorescence and one penta-acylated LPS from Pseudomonadaceae appeared less potent. The proposed biosensor has potential for use in the LPS detection in foodstuff and biological products, as well as bacteria identification, assisting the control of foodborne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Donglei Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangsu Key Labortary of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, PR China
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Zhangjiagang Entry-Exit Inspection And Quarantine Bureau, Zhangjiagang, Jiangsu 215600, PR China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jiasheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
- Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Tong F, Lian Y, He F. Novel S-MSPQC cell sensor for real time monitoring the injury of endothelial cell by LPS and assessing the drug effect on this injury. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 71:62-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mujika M, Zuzuarregui A, Sánchez-Gómez S, de Tejada GM, Arana S, Pérez-Lorenzo E. Screening and selection of synthetic peptides for a novel and optimized endotoxin detection method. J Biotechnol 2014; 186:162-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Measurement of corneal endothelial impedance with non-invasive external electrodes--a theoretical study. Med Eng Phys 2011; 34:195-201. [PMID: 21835678 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal endothelial cell layer function is critical for the maintenance of hydration and transparency of the cornea. Recent advances in corneal lamellar transplantation point to the need for reliable, non-invasive and rapid endothelial function assessment. Findings using an invasive electrode in an experimental animal model have suggested an association between bioimpedance parameters and endothelial cell function. Currently, however there is no clinical device that allows for non-invasive measurements of endothelial layer electrical impedance. This report is a finite element simulation study that models the human eye. It evaluates the feasibility of using external non-invasive electrodes to detect changes in endothelial layer electrical properties as a function of electrode location and measurement frequencies. The findings show that the ratio between the potential recorded at low and high frequencies is sensitive to changes in endothelial resistivity as well as endothelial capacitance. Moreover, the optimal electrode configuration yielding the highest sensitivity is one where the current injecting electrodes are oppose to each other and the voltage recording electrodes are adjacent to the current injecting electrodes. This first-order theoretical study suggests that a non-invasive device which measures electrical properties of the endothelial layer from the exterior of the eye could be developed. Clearly further animal and human studies are required to develop a reliable clinical tool.
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Haddad S, Zanina N, Othmane A, Mora L. Polyurethane films modified by antithrombin–heparin complex to enhance endothelialization: An original impedimetric analysis. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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