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Zhai K, Yang F, Gu Q, Lin Y, Liu M, Ouyang D, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Lue Q, Ruan S. Research on Laser Direct Transmission Welding of Transparent Polystyrene and Polycarbonate Based on Laser Surface Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2025; 17:409. [PMID: 39940611 PMCID: PMC11819833 DOI: 10.3390/polym17030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 01/26/2025] [Indexed: 02/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The conventional near-infrared laser transmission welding (LTW) process for joining dissimilar transparent polymers is limited by the need to incorporate optical absorbents, which compromises joint performance and raises biocompatibility concerns. To address these issues, this study proposed a surface modification technique using femtosecond laser ablation prior to the welding process. Experiments involved 520 nm femtosecond laser ablation of transparent polymers, followed by LTW of dissimilar transparent polymers using an 808 nm laser, with subsequent characterization and mechanical property evaluations. A maximum joint strength of 13.65 MPa was achieved. A comprehensive investigation was conducted into the physical and chemical mechanisms through which laser ablation improved the welding performance of dissimilar transparent polymers. The results demonstrated that laser ablation generated microstructures that serve as substitutes for optical absorbents while also facilitating the formation of numerous oxygen-containing functional groups. These enhancements improve miscibility and bonding performance between dissimilar polymers, enabling absorbent-free welding between ablated polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene (PS). This work confirms both the feasibility and potential application of this process for direct LTW of dissimilar transparent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehui Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fuhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Qiyan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Minqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Deqin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Yewang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
| | - Qitao Lue
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Precision Manufacturing Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Sino-German College of Intelligent Manufacturing, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (K.Z.); (F.Y.); (Q.G.); (Y.L.); (D.O.); (Y.C.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (S.R.)
- College of Applied Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Characterization of Arboblend V2 Nature Textured Surfaces Obtained by Injection Molding. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020406. [PMID: 36679285 PMCID: PMC9866845 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface texturing is an engineering technology used in order to improve the surface characteristic of plastic parts obtained by injection molding. Applying this process not only changes the part surface properties, but also its topography. The novel functionalities of plastic products become useful when other materials make contact with the textured surface. Of course, these characteristics may vary depending on the laser positioning, dimensions, and geometry of the texture. The present paper presents the surface characteristics obtained after the laser texturing of the Arboblend V2 Nature biodegradable polymer. Three distinct geometries were studied: hexagonal, square, and triangular, and different behaviors of them were highlighted during surface free energy (SFE) and contact angle (WCA) measurements: a hydrophobic character for square and hexagonal geometry with distilled water as the measure liquid, and a hydrophilic character with diiodomethane as the measure liquid; for triangle geometry, the contact angle measurements were impossible to extract because the drop turns into a flat puddle. Additionally, the friction coefficient varied depending on the geometry texture, with the lowest value being recorded by the sample with hexagonal geometry. The micro-indentation tests highlighted increased surface micro-hardness compared to the basic material. The possibility of use in the practice of textured surfaces is viable; thus, based on the obtained results, there is even the possibility to replace non-biodegradable polymers from different sectors of activity.
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Roch T, Hahne S, Kratz K, Ma N, Lendlein A. Transparent Substrates Prepared From Different Amorphous Polymers Can Directly Modulate Primary Human B cell functions. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28857458 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of B cell functions such as antibody and cytokine secretion, is of clinical and biotechnological interest and can be achieved by soluble ligands activating cell surface receptors. Alternatively, the exposure to suitable solid substrates would offer the possibility to transiently induced cell signaling, since the signaling is interrupted when the cells are removed from the substrate. Cell/substrate interactions are mediated by physical valences such as, hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic forces on the substrate surface. Therefore, in this study B cells were cultivated on polymeric substrates, differing in their chemical composition and thus their capacity to undergo physical interactions. Activated B cells cultivated on polystyrene (PS) showed an altered cytokine response indicated by increased IL-10 and decreased IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, B cells cultivated on polyetherurethane (PEU), which has among all tested polymers the highest potential to form strong hydrogen bonds showed an impaired activation, which could be restored by re-cultivation on tissue culture polystyrene. The results indicate that B cell behavior can transiently be manipulated solely by interacting with polymeric surface, which could be explained by receptor activation mediated by physical interaction with the substrate or by altering the availability of the soluble stimulatory reagents by adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralf Roch
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahne
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Sanaei-Rad P, Jafarzadeh Kashi TS, Seyedjafari E, Soleimani M. Enhancement of stem cell differentiation to osteogenic lineage on hydroxyapatite-coated hybrid PLGA/gelatin nanofiber scaffolds. Biologicals 2016; 44:511-516. [PMID: 27720267 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination of polymeric materials and bioceramics has recently received a great deal of attention for bone tissue engineering applications. In the present study, hybrid nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated from PLGA and gelatin via electrospinning and then were coated with hydroxyapatite (HA). They were then characterized and used in stem cell culture studies for the evaluation of their biological behavior and osteogenic differentiation in vitro. This study showed that all PLGA, hybrid PLGA/gelatin and HA-PLGA/gelatin scaffolds were composed of ultrafine fibers with smooth morphology and interconnected pores. The MTT assay confirmed that the scaffolds can support the attachment and proliferation of stem cells. During osteogenic differentiation, bone-related gene expression, ALP activity and biomineralization on HA-PLGA/gelatin scaffolds were higher than those observed on other scaffolds and TCPS. PLGA/gelatin electrospun scaffolds also showed higher values of these markers than TCPS. Taking together, it was shown that nanofibrous structure enhanced osteogenic differentiation of adipose-tissue derived stem cells. Furthermore, surface-coated HA stimulated the effect of nanofibers on the commitment of stem cells toward osteolineage. In conclusion, HA-PLGA/gelatin electrospun scaffolds were demonstrated to have significant potential for bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Sanaei-Rad
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh-Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Surface Wettability Modification of Cyclic Olefin Polymer by Direct Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS 2015; 5:1442-1453. [PMID: 28347074 PMCID: PMC5304633 DOI: 10.3390/nano5031442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The effect of laser irradiation on surface wettability of cyclic olefin polymer (COP) was investigated. Under different laser parameters, a superhydrophilic or a superhydrophobic COP surface with a water contact angle (WCA) of almost 0° or 163°, respectively, could be achieved by direct femtosecond laser irradiation. The laser power deposition rate (PDR) was found to be a key factor on the wettability of the laser-treated COP surface. The surface roughness and surface chemistry of the laser-irradiated samples were characterized by surface profilometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively; they were found to be responsible for the changes of the laser-induced surface wettability. The mechanisms involved in the laser surface wettability modification process were discussed.
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Anene-Nzelu CG, Choudhury D, Li H, Fraiszudeen A, Peh KY, Toh YC, Ng SH, Leo HL, Yu H. Scalable cell alignment on optical media substrates. Biomaterials 2013; 34:5078-87. [PMID: 23601659 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cell alignment by underlying topographical cues has been shown to affect important biological processes such as differentiation and functional maturation in vitro. However, the routine use of cell culture substrates with micro- or nano-topographies, such as grooves, is currently hampered by the high cost and specialized facilities required to produce these substrates. Here we present cost-effective commercially available optical media as substrates for aligning cells in culture. These optical media, including CD-R, DVD-R and optical grating, allow different cell types to attach and grow well on them. The physical dimension of the grooves in these optical media allowed cells to be aligned in confluent cell culture with maximal cell-cell interaction and these cell alignment affect the morphology and differentiation of cardiac (H9C2), skeletal muscle (C2C12) and neuronal (PC12) cell lines. The optical media is amenable to various chemical modifications with fibronectin, laminin and gelatin for culturing different cell types. These low-cost commercially available optical media can serve as scalable substrates for research or drug safety screening applications in industry scales.
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