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Senapati S, Banerjee A, Rajesh R. Role of composition in fracture behavior of two-phase solids. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:055002. [PMID: 37329015 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.055002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In a two-phase solid, we examine the growth of a preexisting macroscopic crack based on simulations of a random spring network model. We find that the enhancement in toughness, as well as strength, is strongly dependent on the ratio of elastic moduli as well as on the relative proportion of the phases. We find that the mechanism that leads to enhancement in toughness is not the same as that for enhancement in strength; however, the overall enhancement is similar in mode I and mixed-mode loading. Based on the crack paths, and the spread of the fracture process zone, we identify the type of fracture to transition from nucleation type, for close to single-phase compositions, whether hard or soft, to avalanche type for more mixed compositions. We also show that the associated avalanche distributions exhibit power-law statistics with different exponents for each phase. The significance of variations in the avalanche exponents with the relative proportion of phases and possible connections to the fracture types are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrat Senapati
- Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - R Rajesh
- Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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2
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Uniyal P, Sharma A, Kumar N. Investigation on the sensitivity of indentation devices for detection of fatigue loading induced damage in bovine cortical bone. J Biomech 2022; 143:111274. [PMID: 36049386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Daily physiological activities subject our skeletal system to cyclic loading with varying frequencies and magnitudes. These loadings interact with the microstructure of bone and create microdamage, which can cause stress-induced injuries if not repaired on the time. The early detection is required to prevent the complications associated with these fractures. In the present study, to examine fatigue loading-induced damage in cortical bone, the sensitivity of four different indentation devices was investigated. For this, cortical bone samples were fatigued in four-point bending configuration at 0.5 Hz, 2 Hz and 4 Hz frequencies. Following the fatigue loading, cyclic reference point indentation (cRPI), impact reference point indentation (iRPI), Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation tests were performed on the bone samples. Results show that indentation devices are sensitive to detect fatigue loading induced damage only in 0.5 Hz group samples on compressive region. On the other hand, the sensitivity of indentation devices for tensile stress-induced damage is not clear. Also, histological examination of fatigued bone samples shows a significant increase in the crack density and crack length with fatigue loading only for the 0.5 Hz group samples. The present study provides insight into the sensitivity of different indentation devices to fatigue loading induced damage, which could be helpful in the development of new devices for the early diagnosis of stress induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Uniyal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Ropar, India
| | - Akshay Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Ropar, India
| | - Navin Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, IIT Ropar, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT Ropar, India.
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3
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A Collagen(Col)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) biological composite bone scaffold with double multi-level interface reinforcement. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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4
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Nguyen JT, Barak MM. Secondary osteon structural heterogeneity between the cranial and caudal cortices of the proximal humerus in white-tailed deer. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb225482. [PMID: 32366689 PMCID: PMC7295587 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cortical bone remodeling is an ongoing process triggered by microdamage, where osteoclasts resorb existing bone and osteoblasts deposit new bone in the form of secondary osteons (Haversian systems). Previous studies revealed regional variance in Haversian systems structure and possibly material, between opposite cortices of the same bone. As bone mechanical properties depend on tissue structure and material, it is predicted that bone mechanical properties will vary in accordance with structural and material regional heterogeneity. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the structure, mineral content and compressive stiffness of secondary bone from the cranial and caudal cortices of the white-tailed deer proximal humerus. We found significantly larger Haversian systems and canals in the cranial cortex but no significant difference in mineral content between the two cortices. Accordingly, we found no difference in compressive stiffness between the two cortices and thus our working hypothesis was rejected. As the deer humerus is curved and thus likely subjected to bending during habitual locomotion, we expect that similar to other curved long bones, the cranial cortex of the deer humerus is likely subjected primarily to tensile strains and the caudal cortex is subject primarily to compressive strains. Consequently, our results suggest that strain magnitude (larger in compression) and sign (compression versus tension) affect the osteoclasts and osteoblasts differently in the basic multicellular unit. Our results further suggest that osteoclasts are inhibited in regions of high compressive strains (creating smaller Haversian systems) while the osteoid deposition and mineralization by osteoblasts is not affected by strain magnitude and sign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC 29733, USA
| | - Meir M Barak
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
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5
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Becker M, Witzel C, Kierdorf U, Frölich K, Kierdorf H. Ontogenetic changes of tissue compartmentalization and bone type distribution in the humerus of Soay sheep. J Anat 2020; 237:334-354. [PMID: 32255514 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied ontogenetic changes of histomorphological features and bone type distribution in the humeral midshaft region of Soay sheep from three postnatal age classes (13, 25, and 33 months). Our study demonstrated a marked change of bone type distribution in the humeri with age. In the cortical midshaft region of 13-month-old individuals, periosteal fibrolamellar bone was the dominating bone type. This indicates a rapid bone growth during the first year of life, which was only interrupted by a seasonal growth arrest in the animals' first winter. In individuals from the two older age classes, periosteal lamellar-zonal bone and intermediate fibrolamellar bone had been formed at the periosteal surface, and endosteal lamellar-zonal bone at the endosteal surface. These bone types are indicative of a reduced bone growth rate. A marked reduction in radial growth was already recorded in the 25-month-old individuals. Distribution and extent of secondary bone showed a marked bilateral symmetry in the humeri of individual sheep. The presence of secondary bone was largely restricted to the anterior (cranial) and the medial cortical areas. This characteristic distribution of remodeling activity within the humeral cortex of sheep is consistent with the view that remodeling activity is largely caused by compressive stress. Our study further demonstrated the presence of a considerable cortical drift in the sheep humeri over the study period, with endosteal resorption occurring predominantly in the posterior (caudal) quadrant and formation of a prominent endosteal lamellar pocket in the anterior (cranial) and medial cortical quadrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarethe Becker
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Witzel
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Uwe Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
| | | | - Horst Kierdorf
- Department of Biology, University of Hildesheim, Hildesheim, Germany
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Yan ZQ, Wang XK, Zhou Y, Wang ZG, Wang ZX, Jin L, Yin H, Xia K, Tan YJ, Feng SK, Xie PL, Tang SY, Fang CY, Cao J, Xie H. H-type blood vessels participate in alveolar bone remodeling during murine tooth extraction healing. Oral Dis 2020; 26:998-1009. [PMID: 32144839 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate whether skeletal-specific H-type blood vessels exist in alveolar bone and how they function in alveolar bone remodeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS H-type vessels with high expression of CD31 and Endomucin (CD31hi Emcnhi ) were immunostained in alveolar bone. Abundance and age-related changes in CD31hi Emcnhi endothelial cells (H-ECs) were detected by flow cytometry. Osteoprogenitors association with H-type vessels and bone mass were detected in tooth extraction model of alveolar bone remodeling by immunohistofluorescence and micro-CT, respectively. Transcription and expression of H-EC feature genes during in vitro Notch inhibition were measured by RT-qPCR and immunocytofluorescence. RESULTS We verified that H-type vessels existed in alveolar bone, the abundance of which was highest at infancy age, then decreased but maintained a constant level during aging. In tooth extraction model, H-ECs significantly increased with concomitant perivascular accumulation of Runx2+ osteoprogenitors and gradually augmentation of bone mass. Notch inhibition of in vitro cultured H-ECs resulted in decreased expression levels of Emcn and hes1, but not Pecam1 or Kdr genes, with decreased expression levels of H-EC numbers, accordingly. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that H-type vessels promote osteogenesis during alveolar bone remodeling. Notch signaling pathway regulates expression of Emcn and possibly determines fate and functions of alveolar H-ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Guang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Kai Feng
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ping-Li Xie
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chang-Yun Fang
- Department of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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7
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Yu W, Wu X, Cen H, Guo Y, Li C, Wang Y, Qin Y, Chen W. Study on the biomechanical responses of the loaded bone in macroscale and mesoscale by multiscale poroelastic FE analysis. Biomed Eng Online 2019; 18:122. [PMID: 31870380 PMCID: PMC6929473 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a hierarchically structured composite material, and different hierarchical levels exhibit diverse material properties and functions. The stress and strain distribution and fluid flow in bone play an important role in the realization of mechanotransduction and bone remodeling. METHODS To investigate the mechanotransduction and fluid behaviors in loaded bone, a multiscale method was developed. Based on poroelastic theory, we established the theoretical and FE model of a segment bone to provide basis for researching more complex bone model. The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to establish different scales of bone models, and the properties of mechanical and fluid behaviors in each scale were investigated. RESULTS FE results correlated very well with analytical in macroscopic scale, and the results for the mesoscopic models were about less than 2% different compared to that in the macro-mesoscale models, verifying the correctness of the modeling. In macro-mesoscale, results demonstrated that variations in fluid pressure (FP), fluid velocity (FV), von Mises stress (VMS), and maximum principal strain (MPS) in the position of endosteum, periosteum, osteon, and interstitial bone and these variations can be considerable (up to 10, 8, 4 and 3.5 times difference in maximum FP, FV, VMS, and MPS between the highest and the lowest regions, respectively). With the changing of Young's modulus (E) in each osteon lamella, the strain and stress concentration occurred in different positions and given rise to microscale spatial variations in the fluid pressure field. The heterogeneous distribution of lacunar-canalicular permeability (klcp) in each osteon lamella had various influence on the FP and FV, but had little effect on VMS and MPS. CONCLUSION Based on the idealized model presented in this article, the presence of endosteum and periosteum has an important influence on the fluid flow in bone. With the hypothetical parameter values in osteon lamellae, the bone material parameters have effect on the propagation of stress and fluid flow in bone. The model can also incorporate alternative material parameters obtained from different individuals. The suggested method is expected to provide dependable biological information for better understanding the bone mechanotransduction and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiLun Yu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab. of Material Strength, College of Biomedical Engineering & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - XiaoGang Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab. of Material Strength, College of Biomedical Engineering & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - HaiPeng Cen
- Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab. of Material Strength, College of Biomedical Engineering & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - ChaoXin Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab. of Material Strength, College of Biomedical Engineering & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - YanQin Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab. of Material Strength, College of Biomedical Engineering & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - YiXian Qin
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - WeiYi Chen
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Key Lab. of Material Strength, College of Biomedical Engineering & Structural Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
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8
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Bradfield J. Identifying animal taxa used to manufacture bone tools during the Middle Stone Age at Sibudu, South Africa: Results of a CT-rendered histological analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208319. [PMID: 30496272 PMCID: PMC6264865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the histological characterisation of a selection of worked bone artefacts from Middle Stone Age layers at Sibudu cave, South Africa. Histographic rendering is achieved using high-resolution Computed Tomography, which is non-destructive and facilitates three-dimensional histologic analysis. Excellent congruency in image quality was achieved with previous studies using this method. The results show that most of the artefact fragments contain mostly primary lamellar tissue, which is the bone tissue best adapted to withstand impact stresses. This indicates that bone with greater elastic properties was chosen. Histological characterisation allows the identification of animal taxa. Based on the sample analysed in this paper, Perissodactyla bone was used predominantly in the older layers at the site. Artiodactyla are represented throughout but appear far more frequently in the later (post-Howiesons Poort onwards) layers. Some of the Artiodactyla specimens have high proportions of Haversian tissue, reducing elasticity. The higher percentages of Haversian tissue in the post-Howiesons Poort artefacts relative to Holocene examples from southern Africa suggests that people may have started experimenting with bone from different animal taxa at this time and had not yet learned to eliminate the mechanically weaker secondary tissue. Apart from mechanical considerations, possible cultural constraints governing raw material selection is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Bradfield
- Centre for Anthropological Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Evolutionary Studies Institute and School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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9
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Mayya A, Banerjee A, Rajesh R. Role of porosity and matrix behavior on compressive fracture of Haversian bone using random spring network model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 83:108-119. [PMID: 29698930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Haversian remodeling is known to result in improved resistance to compressive fracture in healthy cortical bone. Here, we examine the individual roles of the mean porosity, structure of the network of pores and remodeled bone matrix properties in the fracture behavior of Haversian bone. The detailed structure of porosity network is obtained both pre- and post-testing of dry cubical bone samples using micro-Computed Tomography. Based on the periodicity in the features of porosity along tangential direction, we develop a two dimensional porosity-based random spring network model for Haversian bone. The model is shown to capture well the macroscopic response and reproduce the avalanche statistics similar to recently reported experiments on porcine bone. The predictions suggest that at the millimeter scale, the remodeled bone matrix of Haversian bone is less stiff but tougher than that of plexiform/primary bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwij Mayya
- Department of Applied Mechanics, IIT-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - R Rajesh
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Tharamani, Chennai 600113, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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10
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Gustafsson A, Mathavan N, Turunen MJ, Engqvist J, Khayyeri H, Hall SA, Isaksson H. Linking multiscale deformation to microstructure in cortical bone using in situ loading, digital image correlation and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:323-331. [PMID: 29410089 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of fragility fractures is expected to increase in the near future due to an aging population. Therefore, improved tools for fracture prediction are required to treat and prevent these injuries efficiently. For such tools to succeed, a better understanding of the deformation mechanisms in bone over different length scales is needed. In this study, an experimental setup including mechanical tensile testing in combination with digital image correlation (DIC) and small/wide angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) was used to study deformation at multiple length scales in bovine cortical bone. Furthermore, micro-CT imaging provided detailed information about tissue microstructure. The combination of these techniques enabled measurements of local deformations at the tissue- and nanoscales. The orientation of the microstructure relative to the tensile loading was found to influence the strain magnitude on all length scales. Strains in the collagen fibers were 2-3 times as high as the strains found in the mineral crystals for samples with microstructure oriented parallel to the loading. The local tissue strain at fracture was found to be around 0.5%, independent of tissue orientation. However, the maximum force and the irregularity of the crack path were higher when the load was applied parallel to the tissue orientation. This study clearly shows the potential of combining these different experimental techniques concurrently with mechanical testing to gain a better understanding of bone damage and fracture over multiple length scales in cortical bone. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE To understand the pathophysiology of bone, it is important to improve our knowledge about the deformation and fracture mechanisms in bone. In this study, we combine several recently available experimental techniques with mechanical loading to investigate the deformation mechanisms in compact bone tissue on several length scales simultaneously. The experimental setup included mechanical tensile testing in combination with digital image correlation, microCT imaging, and small/wide angle X-ray scattering. The combination of techniques enabled measurements of local deformations at the tissue- and nanoscales. The study clearly shows the potential of combining different experimental techniques concurrently with mechanical testing to gain a better understanding of structure-property-function relationships in bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Neashan Mathavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, FI-702 11 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Jonas Engqvist
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hanifeh Khayyeri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Stephen A Hall
- Division of Solid Mechanics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Mayya A, Banerjee A, Rajesh R. Role of matrix behavior in compressive fracture of bovine cortical bone. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:053001. [PMID: 29347807 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In compressive fracture of dry plexiform bone, we examine the individual roles of overall mean porosity, the connectivity of the porosity network, and the elastic as well as the failure properties of the nonporous matrix, using a random spring network model (RSNM). Porosity network structure is shown to reduce the compressive strength by up to 30%. However, the load-bearing capacity increases with an increase in either of the matrix properties-the elastic modulus or the failure strain threshold. To validate the porosity-based RSNM model with available experimental data, bone-specific failure strain thresholds for the ideal matrix of similar elastic properties were estimated to be within 60% of each other. Further, we observe the avalanche size exponents to be independent of the bone-dependent parameters as well as the structure of the porosity network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwij Mayya
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anuradha Banerjee
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Rajesh
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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12
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Mayya A, Praveen P, Banerjee A, Rajesh R. Splitting fracture in bovine bone using a porosity-based spring network model. J R Soc Interface 2017; 13:rsif.2016.0809. [PMID: 27903786 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the specific role of the structure of the network of pores in plexiform bone in its fracture behaviour under compression. Computed tomography scan images of the sample pre- and post-compressive failure show the existence of weak planes formed by aligned thin long pores extending through the length. We show that the physics of the fracture process is captured by a two-dimensional random spring network model that reproduces well the macroscopic response and qualitative features of fracture paths obtained experimentally, as well as avalanche statistics seen in recent experiments on porcine bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwij Mayya
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - P Praveen
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anuradha Banerjee
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - R Rajesh
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C.I.T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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13
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Bone histological correlates of soaring and high-frequency flapping flight in the furculae of birds. ZOOLOGY 2017; 122:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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