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Dowaidar M. Uptake pathways of cell-penetrating peptides in the context of drug delivery, gene therapy, and vaccine development. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111116. [PMID: 38408550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides have been extensively utilized for the purpose of facilitating the intracellular delivery of cargo that is impermeable to the cell membrane. The researchers have exhibited proficient delivery capabilities for oligonucleotides, thereby establishing cell-penetrating peptides as a potent instrument in the field of gene therapy. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a high level of efficiency in delivering several additional payloads. Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) possess the capability to efficiently transport therapeutic molecules to specific cells, hence offering potential remedies for many illnesses. Hence, their utilization is imperative for the improvement of therapeutic vaccines. In contemporary studies, a plethora of cell-penetrating peptides have been unveiled, each characterized by its own distinct structural attributes and associated mechanisms. Although it is widely acknowledged that there are multiple pathways through which particles might be internalized, a comprehensive understanding of the specific mechanisms by which these particles enter cells has to be fully elucidated. The absorption of cell-penetrating peptides can occur through either direct translocation or endocytosis. However, it is worth noting that categories of cell-penetrating peptides are not commonly linked to specific entrance mechanisms. Furthermore, research has demonstrated that cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) possess the capacity to enhance antigen uptake by cells and facilitate the traversal of various biological barriers. The primary objective of this work is to examine the mechanisms by which cell-penetrating peptides are internalized by cells and their significance in facilitating the administration of drugs, particularly in the context of gene therapy and vaccine development. The current study investigates the immunostimulatory properties of numerous vaccine components administered using different cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). This study encompassed a comprehensive discussion on various topics, including the uptake pathways and mechanisms of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), the utilization of CPPs as innovative vectors for gene therapy, the role of CPPs in vaccine development, and the potential of CPPs for antigen delivery in the context of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moataz Dowaidar
- Bioengineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen Technologies and Carbon Management, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Biosystems and Machines Research Center, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
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2
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Fan X, Jiang K, Geng F, Lu W, Wei G. Ocular therapies with biomacromolecules: From local injection to eyedrop and emerging noninvasive delivery strategies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114864. [PMID: 37156266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have witnessed a continuously increasing number of biomacromolecules approved for the treatment of ocular diseases. The eye possesses multiple protective mechanisms to resist the invasion of exogenous substances, but meanwhile these physiological defense systems also act as strong barriers, impeding absorption of most biomacromolecules into the eye. As a result, local injections play predominant roles for posterior ocular delivery of biomacromolecules in clinical practice. To achieve safe and convenient application of biomacromolecules, alternative strategies to realize noninvasive intraocular delivery are necessary. Various nanocarriers, novel penetration enhancers and physical strategies have been explored to facilitate delivery of biomacromolecules to both anterior and posterior ocular segments but still suffered difficulties in clinical translation. This review compares the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eyes from those frequently adopted experimental species and profiles the well-established animal models of ocular diseases. We also summarize the ophthalmic biomacromolecules launched on the market and put emphasis on emerging noninvasive intraocular delivery strategies of peptides, proteins and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
| | - Feiyang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, PR China; The Institutes of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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3
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Rohira H, Arora A, Kaur P, Chugh A. Peptide cargo administration: current state and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3153-3181. [PMID: 37052636 PMCID: PMC10099029 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of drug molecules to the target site is a challenging task. In the last decade, several innovations in the drug delivery system (DDS) have tremendously improved the therapeutic efficacy of drug molecules. Among various DDS, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) based DDS have gathered notable attention owing to their safety, efficacy, selectivity, specificity, and ease of synthesis. CPPs are emerging as an efficient and effective pharmaceutical nanocarriers-based platforms for successful management of various important human health disorders. Failure of several current chemotherapeutic strategies is attributed to low solubility, reduced bioavailability, and off-target delivery of several anti-cancer drugs. Similarly, development of therapeutics for vision-threatening disorders is challenged by the anatomical as well as physiological complexity of the eye. Such therapeutic challenges in cancer and ocular disease management can be overcome by developing cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs). CPPs can be used to deliver various types of cargo molecules including nucleic acids, small molecules, and peptides/proteinaceous agents. In this review, we have briefly introduced CPPs and the linker strategies employed for the development of PDCs. Furthermore, recent studies employing CPP-based PDCs for cancer and ocular disease management have been discussed in detail highlighting their significance over conventional DDS. Later sections of the review are focused on the current status of clinical trials and future implications of CPP-based PDCs in vaccine development. KEY POINTS: • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver a variety of cargo macromolecules via covalent and non-covalent conjugation. • CPP-based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs) can overcome drawbacks of conventional drug delivery methods such as biocompatibility, solubility, stability, and specificity. • Various PDCs are in clinical trial phase for cancer and ocular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Rohira
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Genohelex Care Pvt. Ltd, ASPIRE BioNEST, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Aditi Arora
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Prasanjeet Kaur
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Archana Chugh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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4
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Intraocular siRNA Delivery Mediated by Penetratin Derivative to Silence Orthotopic Retinoblastoma Gene. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030745. [PMID: 36986605 PMCID: PMC10053059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy brings a ray of hope for inherited ocular diseases that may cause severe vision loss and even blindness. However, due to the dynamic and static absorption barriers, it is challenging to deliver genes to the posterior segment of the eye by topical instillation. To circumvent this limitation, we developed a penetratin derivative (89WP)-modified polyamidoamine polyplex to deliver small interference RNA (siRNA) via eye drops to achieve effective gene silencing in orthotopic retinoblastoma. The polyplex could be spontaneously assembled through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, as demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry, and enter cells intactly. In vitro cellular internalization revealed that the polyplex possessed higher permeability and safety than the lipoplex composed of commercial cationic liposomes. After the polyplex was instilled in the conjunctival sac of the mice, the distribution of siRNA in the fundus oculi was significantly increased, and the bioluminescence from orthotopic retinoblastoma was effectively inhibited. In this work, an evolved cell-penetrating peptide was employed to modify the siRNA vector in a simple and effective way, and the formed polyplex interfered with intraocular protein expression successfully via noninvasive administration, which showed a promising prospect for gene therapy for inherited ocular diseases.
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5
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Nano drug delivery systems for antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) therapeutics. J Control Release 2022; 352:861-878. [PMID: 36397636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer, infectious diseases, and metabolic and hereditary genetic disorders are a global health burden affecting millions of people, with contemporary treatments offering limited relief. Antisense technology treats diseases by targeting their causal agents using its ability to alter or inhibit endogenous or malfunctioning genes. Nine antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drugs that represent four different chemical classes have been approved for the treatment of rare diseases, including nusinersen, the first new oligonucleotide-based drug. Advances in medicinal chemistry, understanding the molecular pathways, and the availability of vast genetic data have resulted in enormous improvements in the therapeutic performance of ASO drugs; however, their susceptibility to degradation in the circulation, rapid renal clearance, and immunostimulatory adverse effects greatly limit their clinical applications. An increasing number of ASO-based therapeutics is being tested in clinical trials. Improvements to the delivery of ASO drugs could potentially change the therapeutic landscape for many conditions in the near future. This review describes the technological advances and developments in drug delivery systems pertaining to ASO therapeutics.
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6
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Hasannejad-Asl B, Pooresmaeil F, Takamoli S, Dabiri M, Bolhassani A. Cell penetrating peptide: A potent delivery system in vaccine development. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072685. [PMID: 36425579 PMCID: PMC9679422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main obstacles to most medication administrations (such as the vaccine constructs) is the cellular membrane's inadequate permeability, which reduces their efficiency. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or protein transduction domains (PTDs) are well-known as potent biological nanocarriers to overcome this natural barrier, and to deliver membrane-impermeable substances into cells. The physicochemical properties of CPPs, the attached cargo, concentration, and cell type substantially influence the internalization mechanism. Although the exact mechanism of cellular uptake and the following processing of CPPs are still uncertain; but however, they can facilitate intracellular transfer through both endocytic and non-endocytic pathways. Improved endosomal escape efficiency, selective cell targeting, and improved uptake, processing, and presentation of antigen by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) have been reported by CPPs. Different in vitro and in vivo investigations using CPP conjugates show their potential as therapeutic agents in various medical areas such as infectious and non-infectious disorders. Effective treatments for a variety of diseases may be provided by vaccines that can cooperatively stimulate T cell-mediated immunity (T helper cell activity or cytotoxic T cell function), and immunologic memory. Delivery of antigen epitopes to APCs, and generation of a potent immune response is essential for an efficacious vaccine that can be facilitated by CPPs. The current review describes the delivery of numerous vaccine components by various CPPs and their immunostimulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Pooresmaeil
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Takamoli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehran Dabiri
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Tang Z, Fan X, Chen Y, Gu P. Ocular Nanomedicine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2003699. [PMID: 35150092 PMCID: PMC9130902 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic shortcomings associated with conventional therapeutic strategies often compromise treatment efficacy in clinical ophthalmology, prompting the rapid development of versatile alternatives for satisfactory diagnostics and therapeutics. Given advances in material science, nanochemistry, and nanobiotechnology, a broad spectrum of functional nanosystems has been explored to satisfy the extensive requirements of ophthalmologic applications. In the present review, the recent progress in nanosystems, both conventional and emerging nanomaterials in ophthalmology from state-of-the-art studies, are comprehensively examined and the role of their fundamental physicochemical properties in bioavailability, tissue penetration, biodistribution, and elimination after interacting with the ophthalmologic microenvironment emphasized. Furthermore, along with the development of surface engineering of nanomaterials, emerging theranostic methodologies are promoted as potential alternatives for multipurpose ocular applications, such as emerging biomimetic ophthalmology (e.g., smart electrochemical eye), thus provoking a holistic review of "ocular nanomedicine." By affording insight into challenges encountered by ocular nanomedicine and further highlighting the direction of future studies, this review provides an incentive for enriching ocular nanomedicine-based fundamental research and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Tang
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghai200011P. R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghai200011P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine LabSchool of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai200444P. R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular OncologyShanghai200011P. R. China
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8
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Topical instillation of cell-penetrating peptide-conjugated melphalan blocks metastases of retinoblastoma. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Unleashing cell-penetrating peptide applications for immunotherapy. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:482-496. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang R, Gao Y, Liu A, Zhai G. A review of nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery systems for posterior segment eye disease: challenges analysis and recent advances. J Drug Target 2021; 29:687-702. [PMID: 33474998 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1878366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Posterior segment eye disease is a leading cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness. As the unique organ for vision, eyes are protected by various protective barriers. The existence of physiological barriers and elimination mechanisms makes it challenging to treat the posterior segment eye diseases. To achieve efficient drug delivery to the posterior segment of eyes, different drug delivery systems have been proposed. Due to their abilities to enhance ocular tissue permeability, make controlled drug release and target retina, nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and polymeric nanomicelles, have been widely studied for posterior segment drug delivery. However, clinical applications of nanocarrier mediated drug delivery systems as non-invasive ocular drops is still not ready. The delivery of nanocarrier-mediated drug for posterior segment disease still faces the choice of being more effective or more invasive for long-term treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the barriers and the routes of ocular drug delivery while developing the delivery systems. In this review, types of ocular barriers and drug administration routes are categorised in a more intuitive way. Recent advances in nanocarrier mediated drug delivery systems with focus on posterior segment are reviewed with illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anchang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Yu Y, Huang Y, Feng W, Yang M, Shao B, Li J, Ye F. NIR-triggered upconversion nanoparticles@thermo-sensitive liposome hybrid theranostic nanoplatform for controlled drug delivery. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29065-29072. [PMID: 35478587 PMCID: PMC9038103 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hybrid photothermal theranostic nanoplatform UCNPs@Bi@SiO2@GE HP-lips is developed. Upon NIR irradiation, the nanoplatform could photothermally trigger controlled drug release and present bright upconversion luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Yida Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-bio Applications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Wanqian Feng
- Scientific Research Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Institute of Advanced Materials for Nano-bio Applications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Baiqi Shao
- Wenzhou Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
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12
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Vedadghavami A, Zhang C, Bajpayee AG. Overcoming negatively charged tissue barriers: Drug delivery using cationic peptides and proteins. NANO TODAY 2020; 34:100898. [PMID: 32802145 PMCID: PMC7425807 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Negatively charged tissues are ubiquitous in the human body and are associated with a number of common diseases yet remain an outstanding challenge for targeted drug delivery. While the anionic proteoglycans are critical for tissue structure and function, they make tissue matrix dense, conferring a high negative fixed charge density (FCD) that makes drug penetration through the tissue deep zones and drug delivery to resident cells extremely challenging. The high negative FCD of these tissues is now being utilized by taking advantage of electrostatic interactions to create positively charged multi-stage delivery methods that can sequentially penetrate through the full thickness of tissues, create a drug depot and target cells. After decades of work on attempting delivery using strong binding interactions, significant advances have recently been made using weak and reversible electrostatic interactions, a characteristic now considered essential to drug penetration and retention in negatively charged tissues. Here we discuss these advances using examples of negatively charged tissues (cartilage, meniscus, tendons and ligaments, nucleus pulposus, vitreous of eye, mucin, skin), and delve into how each of their structures, tissue matrix compositions and high negative FCDs create barriers to drug entry and explore how charge interactions are being used to overcome these barriers. We review work on tissue targeting cationic peptide and protein-based drug delivery, compare and contrast drug delivery designs, and also present examples of technologies that are entering clinical trials. We also present strategies on further enhancing drug retention within diseased tissues of lower FCD by using synergistic effects of short-range binding interactions like hydrophobic and H-bonds that stabilize long-range charge interactions. As electrostatic interactions are incorporated into design of drug delivery materials and used as a strategy to create properties that are reversible, tunable and dynamic, bio-electroceuticals are becoming an exciting new direction of research and clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Vedadghavami
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Chenzhen Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ambika G. Bajpayee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Thomas J, Punia K, Montclare JK. Peptides as key components in the design of
non‐viral
vectors for gene delivery. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Thomas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Biochemistry SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Kamia Punia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Jin Kim Montclare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering New York University Tandon School of Engineering Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Biochemistry SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
- Department of Chemistry New York University New York New York USA
- Department of Biomaterials New York University College of Dentistry New York New York USA
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14
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Mello LR, Hamley IW, Castelletto V, Garcia BBM, Lourenço TC, Vassiliades SV, Alves WA, Han SW, Silva ER. Self-assembly and intracellular delivery of DNA by a truncated fragment derived from the Trojan peptide Penetratin. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4746-4755. [PMID: 32329496 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00347f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Penetratin is a short Trojan peptide that attracts great interest in biomedical research for its capacity to translocate biological membranes. Herein, we study in detail both self-assembly and intracellular delivery of DNA by the heptamer KIWFQNR, a truncated peptide derived from Penetratin. This shortened sequence possesses a unique design with bolaamphiphilic characteristics that preserves the longest noncationic amino acid portion found in Penetratin. These features convey amphipathicity to assist self-assembly and make it a suitable model for exploring the role of hydrophobic residues for peptide interaction and cell uptake. We show that the fragment forms peptiplexes (i.e., peptide-DNA complexes), and aggregates into long nanofibers with clear β-sheet signature. The supramolecular structure of nanofibers is likely composed of DNA cores surrounded by a peptide shell to which the double helix behaves as a template and induces fibrillization. A nucleation and growth mechanism proceeding through liquid-liquid phase separation of coacervates is proposed for describing the self-assembly of peptiplexes. We also demonstrate that peptiplexes deliver double-stranded 200 bp DNA into HeLa cells, indicating its potential for preparing non-viral vectors for oligonucleotides through noncovalent strategies. Since the main structural features of native Penetratin are conserved in this simpler fragment, our findings also highlight the role of uncharged amino acids for structuration, and thus for the ability of Penetratin to cross cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R Mello
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil.
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15
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Xie J, Bi Y, Zhang H, Dong S, Teng L, Lee RJ, Yang Z. Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases: From Preclinical Research to Clinical Application. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:697. [PMID: 32508641 PMCID: PMC7251059 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides (fewer than 30 amino acids) that have been predominantly used in basic and preclinical research during the last 30 years. Since they are not only capable of translocating themselves into cells but also facilitate drug or CPP/cargo complexes to translocate across the plasma membrane, they have potential applications in the disease diagnosis and therapy, including cancer, inflammation, central nervous system disorders, otologic and ocular disorders, and diabetes. However, no CPPs or CPP/cargo complexes have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Many issues should be addressed before translating CPPs into clinics. In this review, we summarize recent developments and innovations in preclinical studies and clinical trials based on using CPP for improved delivery, which have revealed that CPPs or CPP-based delivery systems present outstanding diagnostic therapeutic delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xie
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ye Bi
- Practice Training Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiyan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Robert J. Lee
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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16
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Ge Y, Zhang A, Sun R, Xu J, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Kong J, Zhang Y, Tang X. Penetratin-modified lutein nanoemulsion in-situ gel for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:603-619. [PMID: 32105151 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1735348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Lutein is the primary macular pigment with an favorable effect on the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, the poor water solubility of lutein hinders its absorption and delivery. In this study, a penetratin-modified lutein nanoemulsion in-situ gel (GEL) was prepared for the treatment of AMD.Methods: A nanoemulsion (NE) was prepared and modified with penetratin (P-NE) to improve the penetration. The effect of penetratin was evaluated by cell uptake and intraocular distribution assays. A dry AMD model was induced using NaIO3, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated by electroretinography, the number of apoptosis cells and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level.Results: Lutein showed a good ability to protect ARPE-19 from the damage of H2O2 and the uptake rate of P-NE was significantly higher than NE. In the efficacy experiments, the structure of retina was significantly improved after treatment, the apoptosis rate decreased from 31.98% to 2.05%, and the level of ROS was significantly decreased (p < 0.0001).Conclusions: With the aid of penetratin, lutein could be delivered to the retina effectively. The P-NE GEL could evidently inhibit the apoptosis and ROS, demonstrating that the P-NE GEL has a good application prospect in the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Anan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Rong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jun Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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17
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Taylor RE, Zahid M. Cell Penetrating Peptides, Novel Vectors for Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E225. [PMID: 32138146 PMCID: PMC7150854 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), also known as protein transduction domains (PTDs), first identified ~25 years ago, are small, 6-30 amino acid long, synthetic, or naturally occurring peptides, able to carry variety of cargoes across the cellular membranes in an intact, functional form. Since their initial description and characterization, the field of cell penetrating peptides as vectors has exploded. The cargoes they can deliver range from other small peptides, full-length proteins, nucleic acids including RNA and DNA, liposomes, nanoparticles, and viral particles as well as radioisotopes and other fluorescent probes for imaging purposes. In this review, we will focus briefly on their history, classification system, and mechanism of transduction followed by a summary of the existing literature on use of CPPs as gene delivery vectors either in the form of modified viruses, plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA, oligonucleotides, full-length genes, DNA origami or peptide nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E. Taylor
- Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15201, USA
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18
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Jiang K, Hu Y, Gao X, Zhan C, Zhang Y, Yao S, Xie C, Wei G, Lu W. Octopus-like Flexible Vector for Noninvasive Intraocular Delivery of Short Interfering Nucleic Acids. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6410-6417. [PMID: 31442373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy is promising for chronic posterior ocular diseases, which are causal factors for severe vision impairment and even blindness worldwide. However, the inherent absorption barriers of the eye restrict intraocular delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids via topical instillation. Safe and efficient nonviral vectors for ocular gene therapy are still unmet clinical desires. Herein, an octopus-like flexible multivalent penetratin (MVP) was designed to facilitate condensation and delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids using multiarm polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a core and conjugating penetratin at each end of the PEG arms as outspread tentacles. Among the MVPs, 8-valent penetratin (8VP) stably compacted nucleic acids into positively charged polyplexes smaller than 100 nm, promoting cellular uptake efficiency (approaching 100%) and transfection rate (over 75%). After being instilled into the conjunctival sac, 8VP enabled rapid (<10 min) and prolonged (>6 h) distribution of nucleic acids in the retina via a noncorneal pathway. In a retinoblastoma-bearing mice model, topical instillation of 8VP/siRNA efficiently inhibited the protein expression of intraocular tumor without toxicity. MVP is advantageous over the commercial transfection reagent in safety and efficiency, and therefore provides a promising vector for noninvasive intraocular gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Shengyu Yao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Cao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Weiyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
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Wang Y, Xu X, Gu Y, Cheng Y, Cao F. Recent advance of nanoparticle-based topical drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:687-701. [PMID: 29985660 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1496080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considering that the number of patients afflicted by posterior eye diseases is increasing, effective drug delivery is currently in high clinical demand. Topical administration has been identified as the preferred option, while sufferingfrom multiple barriers. The development of nanoparticle-based drug delivery system provides an option, which would enhance the drug permeability across the barriers and achieve the desired drug level in the targeted tissue. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the barrier to the posterior segment of the eye via topical administration. The up-to-date development of lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, emulsions, spanlastics, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, layered double hydroxides (LDH), dendrimers, cyclodextrins(CDs), and prodrugs are summarized. Moreover, nanocarriers currently in clinical trials for posterior segment diseases have been discussed. EXPERT OPINION Topical nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have demonstrated significant progress. An ideal formulation should prolong retention time on the surface, enhance drug permeability through the ocular tissues, and efficiently deliver drugs to the targeted site. To design the rational targeting nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, a better understanding of the distribution of transporters and receptors on the eye is required. Ultimately, there is an urgent need to develop targeting hybrid drug delivery systems with the combination of the advantages of several nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoyue Xu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yan Gu
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yanju Cheng
- b Department of Biologics R&D Center , Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd , Nanjing , China
| | - Feng Cao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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20
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Nanostructured lipid carrier-based pH and temperature dual-responsive hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl chitosan and poloxamer for drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:462-469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Pescina S, Ostacolo C, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Sala M, Bertamino A, Sonvico F, Padula C, Santi P, Bianchera A, Nicoli S. Cell penetrating peptides in ocular drug delivery: State of the art. J Control Release 2018; 284:84-102. [PMID: 29913221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of effective therapeutics for eye diseases, their treatment is still challenging due to the presence of effective barriers protecting eye tissues. Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs), synthetic and natural short amino acid sequences able to cross cellular membrane thanks to a transduction domain, have been proposed as possible enhancing strategies for ophthalmic delivery. In this review, a general description of CPPs classes, design approaches and proposed cellular uptake mechanisms will be provided to the reader as an introduction to ocular CPPs application, together with an overview of the main problems related to ocular administration. The results obtained with CPPs for the treatment of anterior and posterior segment eye diseases will be then introduced, with a focus on non-invasive or minimally invasive administration, shifting from CPPs capability to obtain intracellular delivery to their ability to cross biological barriers. The problems related to in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models used to investigate CPPs mediated ocular delivery will be also addressed together with potential ocular toxicity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pescina
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - I M Gomez-Monterrey
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - M Sala
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - A Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - F Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - C Padula
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - P Santi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - A Bianchera
- BiopharmanetTEC, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - S Nicoli
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
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Jiang K, Gao X, Shen Q, Zhan C, Zhang Y, Xie C, Wei G, Lu W. Discerning the composition of penetratin for safe penetration from cornea to retina. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:123-134. [PMID: 28927928 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of biomacromolecules into the eye is greatly hindered by several protective barriers. The cell-penetrating peptide, penetratin, has been found to be an effective absorption enhancer for noninvasive intraocular gene delivery. To discern the composition of penetratin for safe penetration from cornea to retina, we designed a series of penetratin derivatives by varying the hydrophobicity and evaluated their potency for retina-targeted delivery. The hydrophilic amino acids of penetratin, excluding the conserved basic amino acid residues, were respectively replaced with tryptophan. Secondary structure of the resultant derivatives was analyzed by computer simulation and circular dichroism, exhibiting that the hydrophobic derivatives had a propensity to form high content of helix and entered corneal and conjunctival cells more easily than did penetratin. As expected, the hydrophobic derivatives showed improved permeability in excised rabbit cornea and sclera, and kept intact after penetration. When instilled topically in the conjunctival sac of mice eyes, the hydrophobic derivatives distributed safely and rapidly into both cornea and retina, with increased amount and prolonged retention time in comparison to penetratin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the ocular permeability of penetratin derivatives closely correlated with their hydrophobicity, and introducing hydrophobic amino acids in penetratin was a feasible approach to develop more powerful ocular absorption enhancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Due to the defensive barriers of the eye, efficient and safe absorption enhancers are indispensable for noninvasive delivery of exogenous biomacromolecules to the posterior segment. In this manuscript, we designed a series of penetratin derivatives and validated they had significantly improved penetration ability from cornea to retina than wild-type penetratin, without increasing toxicity. More importantly, we provided a sequence of solid evidences that the ocular permeability of penetratin derivatives closely correlated with their hydrophobicity, and introducing hydrophobic amino acids in penetratin was a feasible approach to develop more powerful ocular absorption enhancers. We also demonstrated that the penetratin derivatives permeated through cornea and sclera with intact structure, and might enter the eye by non-corneal pathway.
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