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Wang L, Liu S, Zhao W, Li J, Zeng H, Kang S, Sheng X, Wang L, Fan Y, Yin L. Recent Advances in Implantable Neural Interfaces for Multimodal Electrical Neuromodulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303316. [PMID: 38323711 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Electrical neuromodulation plays a pivotal role in enhancing patient outcomes among individuals suffering from neurological disorders. Implantable neural interfaces are vital components of the electrical neuromodulation system to ensure desirable performance; However, conventional devices are limited to a single function and are constructed with bulky and rigid materials, which often leads to mechanical incompatibility with soft tissue and an inability to adapt to the dynamic and complex 3D structures of biological systems. In addition, current implantable neural interfaces utilized in clinical settings primarily rely on wire-based techniques, which are associated with complications such as increased risk of infection, limited positioning options, and movement restrictions. Here, the state-of-art applications of electrical neuromodulation are presented. Material schemes and device structures that can be employed to develop robust and multifunctional neural interfaces, including flexibility, stretchability, biodegradability, self-healing, self-rolling, or morphing are discussed. Furthermore, multimodal wireless neuromodulation techniques, including optoelectronics, mechano-electrics, magnetoelectrics, inductive coupling, and electrochemically based self-powered devices are reviewed. In the end, future perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Wentai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiakun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Haoxuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Shaoyang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, and with the School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Marques-Almeida T, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301494. [PMID: 37843074 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating, and costly challenges. Strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well-being. Many research efforts are dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell-materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides not only a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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Chen Y, He Y, Han J, Wei W, Chen F. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease: associations, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1258640. [PMID: 38020775 PMCID: PMC10679748 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1258640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylation of tau, and neuroinflammation in the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits solutes from circulating blood from entering the brain, which is essential for neuronal functioning. Focusing on BBB function is important for the early detection of AD and in-depth study of AD pathogenic mechanisms. However, the mechanism of BBB alteration in AD is still unclear, which hinders further research on therapeutics that target the BBB to delay the progression of AD. The exact timing of the vascular abnormalities in AD and the complex cause-and-effect relationships remain uncertain. Thus, it is necessary to summarize and emphasize this process. First, in this review, the current evidence for BBB dysfunction in AD is summarized. Then, the interrelationships and pathogenic mechanisms between BBB dysfunction and the risk factors for AD, such as Aβ, tau, neuroinflammation, apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and aging, were analyzed. Finally, we discuss the current status and future directions of therapeutic AD strategies targeting the BBB. We hope that these summaries or reviews will allow readers to better understand the relationship between the BBB and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Sixth People’s Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanfang He
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jinling Han
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Sixth People’s Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyan Wei
- Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Mahdikia H, Saadati F, Alizadeh AM, Khalighfard S, Bekeschus S, Shokri B. Low-frequency magnetic fields potentiate plasma-modified magneto-electric nanoparticle drug loading for anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17536. [PMID: 37845238 PMCID: PMC10579258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiferroic nanostructure of manganese ferrite barium-titanate called magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) was synthesized by a co-precipitation method. FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of spinel core and perovskite shell phases with average crystallite sizes of 70-90 nm. Magnetic, optical, and magnetoelectrical properties of MENs were investigated using VSM, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, DLS, and EIS spectroscopy techniques. After pre-activation by low-pressure argon (Ar) plasma, the MENs were functionalized by a highly hydrophilic acrylic acid and Oxygen (AAc+O2) mixture to produce COOH and C=O-rich surfaces. The loading and release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) on MENs were investigated using UV-vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry under alternating low-frequency magnetic fields. Plasma treatment enabled drug-loading control by changing the particles' roughness as physical adsorption and creating functional groups for chemical absorption. This led to reduced metabolic activity and cell adherences associated with elevated expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BCL-2, caspase 3) in 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro exposed to alternating current magnetic field (ACMF) compared to MENs-DOX without field exposure. ACMF-potentiated anticancer effects of MENs were validated in vivo in tumor-bearing Balb/C mice. Altogether, our results suggest potentiated drug loading of MENs showing superior anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo when combined with ACMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mahdikia
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fariba Saadati
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali Mohammad Alizadeh
- Breast Diseases Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Babak Shokri
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Chernozem RV, Urakova AO, Chernozem PV, Koptsev DA, Mukhortova YR, Grubova IY, Wagner DV, Gerasimov EY, Surmeneva MA, Kholkin AL, Surmenev RA. Novel Biocompatible Magnetoelectric MnFe 2 O 4 Core@BCZT Shell Nano-Hetero-Structures with Efficient Catalytic Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302808. [PMID: 37357170 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric (ME) small-scale robotic devices attract great interest from the scientific community due to their unique properties for biomedical applications. Here, novel ME nano hetero-structures based on the biocompatible magnetostrictive MnFe2 O4 (MFO) and ferroelectric Ba0.85 Ca0.15 Zr0.1 Ti0.9 O3 (BCZT) are developed solely via the hydrothermal method for the first time. An increase in the temperature and duration of the hydrothermal synthesis results in increasing the size, improving the purity, and inducing morphology changes of MFO nanoparticles (NPs). A successful formation of a thin epitaxial BCZT-shell with a 2-5 nm thickness is confirmed on the MFO NPs (77 ± 14 nm) preliminarily treated with oleic acid (OA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), whereas no shell is revealed on the surface of pristine MFO NPs. High magnetization is revealed for the developed ME NPs based on PVP- and OA-functionalized MFO NPs (18.68 ± 0.13 and 20.74 ± 0.22 emu g-1 , respectively). Moreover, ME NPs demonstrate 95% degradation of a model pollutant Rhodamine B within 2.5 h under an external AC magnetic field (150 mT, 100 Hz). Thus, the developed biocompatible core-shell ME NPs of MFO and BCZT can be considered as a promising tool for non-invasive biomedical applications, environmental remediation, and hydrogen generation for renewable energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Chernozem
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Alina O Urakova
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Polina V Chernozem
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Danila A Koptsev
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Yulia R Mukhortova
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Grubova
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Wagner
- Faculty of Radiophysics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Evgeny Yu Gerasimov
- Catalyst Research Department, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Lavrentieva ave. 5, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Maria A Surmeneva
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Andrei L Kholkin
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Roman A Surmenev
- Piezo- and Magnetoelectric Materials Research & Development Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
- Physical Materials Science and Composite Materials Centre, Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
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Marrella A, Suarato G, Fiocchi S, Chiaramello E, Bonato M, Parazzini M, Ravazzani P. Magnetoelectric nanoparticles shape modulates their electrical output. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1219777. [PMID: 37691903 PMCID: PMC10485842 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1219777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Core-shell magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) have recently gained popularity thanks to their capability in inducing a local electric polarization upon an applied magnetic field and vice versa. This work estimates the magnetoelectrical behavior, in terms of magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME), via finite element analysis of MENPs with different shapes under either static (DC bias) and time-variant (AC bias) external magnetic fields. With this approach, the dependence of the magnetoelectrical performance on the MENPs geometrical features can be directly derived. Results show that MENPs with a more elongated morphology exhibits a superior αME if compared with spherical nanoparticles of similar volume, under both stimulation conditions analyzed. This response is due to the presence of a larger surface area at the interface between the magnetostrictive core and piezoelectric shell, and to the MENP geometrical orientation along the direction of the magnetic field. These findings pave a new way for the design of novel high-aspect ratio magnetic nanostructures with an improved magnetoelectric behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Suarato
- *Correspondence: A. Marrella, ; G. Suarato,
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Smith IT, Zhang E, Yildirim YA, Campos MA, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Yildirim B, Ramezani Z, Andre VL, Scott-Vandeusen A, Liang P, Khizroev S. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology applications of magnetoelectric nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1849. [PMID: 36056752 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Unlike any other nanoparticles known to date, magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) can generate relatively strong electric fields locally via the application of magnetic fields and, vice versa, have their magnetization change in response to an electric field from the microenvironment. Hence, MENPs can serve as a wireless two-way interface between man-made devices and physiological systems at the molecular level. With the recent development of room-temperature biocompatible MENPs, a number of novel potential medical applications have emerged. These applications include wireless brain stimulation and mapping/recording of neural activity in real-time, targeted delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), tissue regeneration, high-specificity cancer cures, molecular-level rapid diagnostics, and others. Several independent in vivo studies, using mice and nonhuman primates models, demonstrated the capability to deliver MENPs in the brain across the BBB via intravenous injection or, alternatively, bypassing the BBB via intranasal inhalation of the nanoparticles. Wireless deep brain stimulation with MENPs was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo in different rodents models by several independent groups. High-specificity cancer treatment methods as well as tissue regeneration approaches with MENPs were proposed and demonstrated in in vitro models. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies were dedicated to understand the underlying mechanisms of MENPs-based high-specificity targeted drug delivery via application of d.c. and a.c. magnetic fields. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Takako Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Elric Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Yagmur Akin Yildirim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Manuel Alberteris Campos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Mostafa Abdel-Mottaleb
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Burak Yildirim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Zeinab Ramezani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Louise Andre
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Aidan Scott-Vandeusen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Ping Liang
- Cellular Nanomed, Inc. (CNMI), Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Kujawska M, Kaushik A. Exploring magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs): a platform for implanted deep brain stimulation. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:129-130. [PMID: 35799528 PMCID: PMC9241387 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.340411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Romero G, Park J, Koehler F, Pralle A, Anikeeva P. Modulating cell signalling in vivo with magnetic nanotransducers. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:92. [PMID: 38111858 PMCID: PMC10727510 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic fields offer nearly lossless transmission of signals within biological tissue. Magnetic nanomaterials are capable of transducing magnetic fields into a range of biologically relevant signals in vitro and in vivo. These nanotransducers have recently enabled magnetic control of cellular processes, from neuronal firing and gene expression to programmed apoptosis. Effective implementation of magnetically controlled cellular signalling relies on careful tailoring of magnetic nanotransducers and magnetic fields to the responses of the intended molecular targets. This primer discusses the versatility of magnetic modulation modalities and offers practical guidelines for selection of appropriate materials and field parameters, with a particular focus on applications in neuroscience. With recent developments in magnetic instrumentation and nanoparticle chemistries, including those that are commercially available, magnetic approaches promise to empower research aimed at connecting molecular and cellular signalling to physiology and behaviour in untethered moving subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Modeling of core-shell magneto-electric nanoparticles for biomedical applications: Effect of composition, dimension, and magnetic field features on magnetoelectric response. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274676. [PMID: 36149898 PMCID: PMC9506614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of core-shell nanoparticles which combine strain coupled magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases, has attracted a lot of attention due to their ability to yield strong magnetoelectric effect even at room temperature, thus making them a promising tool to enable biomedical applications. To fully exploit their potentialities and to adapt their use to in vivo applications, this study analyzes, through a numerical approach, their magnetoelectric behavior, shortly quantified by the magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (αME), thus providing an important milestone for the characterization of the magnetoelectric effect at the nanoscale. In view of recent evidence showing that αME is strongly affected by both the applied magnetic field DC bias and AC frequency, this study implements a nonlinear model, based on magnetic hysteresis, to describe the responses of two different core-shell nanoparticles to various magnetic field excitation stimuli. The proposed model is also used to evaluate to which extent realistic variables such as core diameter and shell thickness affect the electric output. Results prove that αME of 80 nm cobalt ferrite-barium titanate (CFO-BTO) nanoparticles with a 60:40 ratio is equal to about 0.28 V/cm∙Oe corresponding to electric fields up to about 1000 V/cm when a strong DC bias is applied. However, the same electric output can be obtained even in absence of DC field with very low AC fields, by exploiting the hysteretic characteristics of the same composites. The analysis of core and shell dimension is as such to indicate that, to maximize αME, larger core diameter and thinner shell nanoparticles should be preferred. These results, taken together, suggest that it is possible to tune magnetoelectric nanoparticles electric responses by controlling their composition and their size, thus opening the opportunity to adapt their structure on the specific application to pursue.
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In silico assessment of electrophysiological neuronal recordings mediated by magnetoelectric nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8386. [PMID: 35589877 PMCID: PMC9120189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelectric materials hold untapped potential to revolutionize biomedical technologies. Sensing of biophysical processes in the brain is a particularly attractive application, with the prospect of using magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) as injectable agents for rapid brain-wide modulation and recording. Recent studies have demonstrated wireless brain stimulation in vivo using MENPs synthesized from cobalt ferrite (CFO) cores coated with piezoelectric barium titanate (BTO) shells. CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs have a relatively high magnetoelectric coefficient and have been proposed for direct magnetic particle imaging (MPI) of brain electrophysiology. However, the feasibility of acquiring such readouts has not been demonstrated or methodically quantified. Here we present the results of implementing a strain-based finite element magnetoelectric model of CFO–BTO core–shell MENPs and apply the model to quantify magnetization in response to neural electric fields. We use the model to determine optimal MENPs-mediated electrophysiological readouts both at the single neuron level and for MENPs diffusing in bulk neural tissue for in vivo scenarios. Our results lay the groundwork for MENP recording of electrophysiological signals and provide a broad analytical infrastructure to validate MENPs for biomedical applications.
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Pardo M, Khizroev S. Where do we stand now regarding treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders? Considerations in using magnetoelectric nanoparticles as an innovative approach. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1781. [PMID: 35191206 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Almost 1000 million people have recently been diagnosed with a mental health or substance disorder (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Psychiatric disorders, and their treatment, represent a big burden to the society worldwide, causing about 8 million deaths per year (Walker et al., 2015). Daily progress in science enables continuous advances in methods to treat patients; however, the brain remains to be the most unknown and complex organ of the body. There is a growing demand for innovative approaches to treat psychiatric as well as neurodegenerative disorders, disorders with unknown curability, and treatments mostly designed to slow disease progression. Based on that need and the peculiarity of the central nervous system, in the present review, we highlight the handicaps of the existing approaches as well as discuss the potential of the recently introduced magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) to become a game-changing tool in future applications for the treatment of brain alterations. Unlike other stimulation approaches, MENPs have the potential to enable a wirelessly controlled stimulation at a single-neuron level without requiring genetic modification of the neural tissue and no toxicity has yet been reported. Their potential as a new tool for targeting the brain is discussed. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pardo
- Miller School of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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Nguyen T, Gao J, Wang P, Nagesetti A, Andrews P, Masood S, Vriesman Z, Liang P, Khizroev S, Jin X. In Vivo Wireless Brain Stimulation via Non-invasive and Targeted Delivery of Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:2091-2106. [PMID: 34131858 PMCID: PMC8609092 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Wireless and precise stimulation of deep brain structures could have important applications to study intact brain circuits and treat neurological disorders. Herein, we report that magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) can be guided to a targeted brain region to stimulate brain activity with a magnetic field. We demonstrated the nanoparticles' capability to reliably evoke fast neuronal responses in cortical slices ex vivo. After fluorescently labeled MENs were intravenously injected and delivered to a targeted brain region by applying a magnetic field gradient, a magnetic field of low intensity (350-450 Oe) applied to the mouse head reliably evoked cortical activities, as revealed by two-photon and mesoscopic imaging of calcium signals and by an increased number of c-Fos expressing cells after stimulation. Neither brain delivery of MENs nor the magnetic stimulation caused significant increases in astrocytes and microglia. Thus, MENs could enable a non-invasive and contactless deep brain stimulation without the need of genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Nguyen
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Medical Neuroscience Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Abhignyan Nagesetti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Sehban Masood
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Zoe Vriesman
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | | | - Sakhrat Khizroev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Indiana Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute & Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
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Vinod C, Jena S. Nano-Neurotheranostics: Impact of Nanoparticles on Neural Dysfunctions and Strategies to Reduce Toxicity for Improved Efficacy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:612692. [PMID: 33841144 PMCID: PMC8033012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.612692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotheranostics is one of the emerging research areas in the field of nanobiotechnology offering exciting promises for diagnosis, bio-separation, imaging mechanisms, hyperthermia, phototherapy, chemotherapy, drug delivery, gene delivery, among other uses. The major criteria for any nanotheranostic-materials is 1) to interact with proteins and cells without meddling with their basic activities, 2) to maintain their physical properties after surface modifications and 3) must be nontoxic. One of the challenging targets for nanotheranostics is the nervous system with major hindrances from the neurovascular units, the functional units of blood-brain barrier. As blood-brain barrier is crucial for protecting the CNS from toxins and metabolic fluctuations, most of the synthetic nanomaterials cannot pass through this barrier making it difficult for diagnosing or targeting the cells. Biodegradable nanoparticles show a promising role in this aspect. Certain neural pathologies have compromised barrier creating a path for most of the nanoparticles to enter into the cells. However, such carriers may pose a risk of side effects to non-neural tissues and their toxicity needs to be elucidated at preclinical levels. This article reviews about the different types of nanotheranostic strategies applied in nervous dysfunctions. Further, the side effects of these carriers are reviewed and appropriate methods to test the toxicity of such nano-carriers are suggested to improve the effectiveness of nano-carrier based diagnosis and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiluka Vinod
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Srikanta Jena
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, India
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Gessner I. Optimizing nanoparticle design and surface modification toward clinical translation. MRS BULLETIN 2021; 46:643-649. [PMID: 34305307 PMCID: PMC8279028 DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field driven by the need for safer and more efficient therapies as well as ultrasensitive and fast diagnostics. Although the advantages of nanoparticles for diagnostic and therapeutic applications are unambiguous, in vivo requirements, including low toxicity, long blood circulation time, proper clearance, sufficient stability, and reproducible synthesis have, in most cases, bedeviled their clinical translation. Nevertheless, researchers have the opportunity to have a decisive influence on the future of nanomedicine by developing new multifunctional molecules and adapting the material design to the requirements. Ultimately, the goal is to find the right level of functionality without adding unnecessary complexity to the system. This article aims to emphasize the potential and current challenges of nanoparticle-based medical agents and highlights how smart and functional material design considerations can help to overcome many of the current limitations and increase the clinical value of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gessner
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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