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Turlej E, Domaradzka A, Radzka J, Drulis-Fajdasz D, Kulbacka J, Gizak A. Cross-Talk Between Cancer and Its Cellular Environment-A Role in Cancer Progression. Cells 2025; 14:403. [PMID: 40136652 PMCID: PMC11940884 DOI: 10.3390/cells14060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2025] [Revised: 02/27/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic and complex three-dimensional network comprising the extracellular matrix and diverse non-cancerous cells, including fibroblasts, adipocytes, endothelial cells and various immune cells (lymphocytes T and B, NK cells, dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and innate lymphoid cells). A constantly and rapidly growing number of studies highlight the critical role of these cells in shaping cancer survival, metastatic potential and therapy resistance. This review provides a synthesis of current knowledge on the modulating role of the cellular microenvironment in cancer progression and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Turlej
- Departament of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (A.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Aleksandra Domaradzka
- Departament of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (A.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Justyna Radzka
- Departament of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (A.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Dominika Drulis-Fajdasz
- Departament of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (A.D.); (J.R.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Departament of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wrocław Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland;
- Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Agnieszka Gizak
- Departament of Molecular Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Wrocław, ul. Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland; (E.T.); (A.D.); (J.R.)
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Jafarnezhad-Ansariha F, Contran N, Cristofori C, Simonato M, Davanzo V, Moz S, Galozzi P, Fogar P, Nordi E, Padoan A, Aita A, Fassan M, Fantin A, Sartori A, Sperti C, Correani A, Carnielli V, Cogo P, Basso D. Cystic Fluid Total Proteins, Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Lipid Metabolites, and Lymphocytes: Worrisome Biomarkers for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2025; 17:643. [PMID: 40002238 PMCID: PMC11853297 DOI: 10.3390/cancers17040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2025] [Accepted: 02/12/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs), particularly intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), present a challenge for their potential malignancy. Despite promising biomarkers like CEA, amylase, and glucose, our study investigates whether metabolic indices in blood and cystic fluids (CFs), in addition to lymphocyte subsets and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), can effectively differentiate between high- and low-risk PCNs. Materials and Methods: A total of 26 patients (11 males, mean age 69.5 ± 9 years) undergoing Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration were consecutively enrolled. Analyses included blood, serum, and CF, assessing glucose, CEA, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), and total proteins. Flow cytometry examined immunophenotyping in peripheral blood and cystic fluids. Mass spectrometry was used for the metabolomic analysis of CF. Sensitivity, specificity, and ROC analyses evaluated discriminatory power. Results: A total of 25 out of 26 patients had IPMN. Patients were categorized as low or high risk based on multidisciplinary evaluation of clinical, radiological, and endoscopic data. High-risk patients showed lower CF total proteins and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.005 and p = 0.031), with a marked reduction in CF lymphocytes (p = 0.005). HSCPs were absent in CF. In blood, high-risk patients showed increased non-MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells (p = 0.019). The metabolomic analysis revealed significantly reduced middle and long-chain acyl carnitines (AcCa) and tryptophan metabolites in high-risk patients. ROC curves indicated comparable discriminant abilities for CF lymphocytes (AUC 0.868), CF total proteins (AUC 0.859), and CF LDL cholesterol (AUC 0.795). The highest performance was achieved by the AcCa 14:2 and 16:0 (AUC: 0.9221 and 0.8857, respectively). Conclusions: CF levels of glucose, CEA, LDL cholesterol, and total proteins together with lymphocyte counts are easy translational biomarkers that may support risk stratification of PCNs in IPMN patients and might be endorsed by metabolomic analysis. Further studies are required for potential clinical integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Jafarnezhad-Ansariha
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.J.-A.); (C.S.)
| | - Nicole Contran
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Chiara Cristofori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Manuela Simonato
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.S.); (M.F.)
- Pediatric Research Institute “Citta’ della Speranza”, Critical Care Biology and PCare Laboratories, 35127 Padua, Italy;
| | - Veronica Davanzo
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Stefania Moz
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Paola Galozzi
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Paola Fogar
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Evelyn Nordi
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Andrea Padoan
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Ada Aita
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Alberto Fantin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy; (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Sartori
- Pediatric Research Institute “Citta’ della Speranza”, Critical Care Biology and PCare Laboratories, 35127 Padua, Italy;
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology-DISCOG, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (F.J.-A.); (C.S.)
| | - Alessio Correani
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Virgilio Carnielli
- Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.C.); (V.C.)
- Division of Neonatology, Mother and Child Department, G. Salesi University Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Paola Cogo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Daniela Basso
- Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (N.C.); (V.D.); (S.M.); (P.F.); (E.N.); (A.P.); (A.A.); (D.B.)
- Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy; (M.S.); (M.F.)
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Park MA, Gumpper-Fedus K, Krishna SG, Genilo-Delgado MC, Brantley S, Hart PA, Dillhoff ME, Gomez MF, Basinski TL, Mok SR, Luthra AK, Fleming JB, Mohammadi A, Centeno BA, Jiang K, Karolak A, Jeong D, Chen DT, Stewart PA, Teer JK, Cruz-Monserrate Z, Permuth JB. Molecular Pathway and Immune Profile Analysis of IPMN-Derived Versus PanIN-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:13164. [PMID: 39684873 PMCID: PMC11642437 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252313164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are commonly detected pancreatic cysts that may transform into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Predicting which IPMNs will progress to PDAC remains a clinical challenge. Moreover, identifying those clinically evident IPMNs for which a surveillance approach is best is a dire clinical need. Therefore, we aimed to identify molecular signatures that distinguished between PDAC with and without clinical evidence of an IPMN to identify novel molecular pathways related to IPMN-derived PDAC that could help guide biomarker development. Data from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) multi-institute sequencing project were utilized to analyze 66 PDAC cases from Moffitt Cancer Center and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, for which tumor whole transcriptome sequencing datasets were generated. Cases were classified based on whether a tumor had originated from an IPMN (n = 16) or presumably through the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) pathway (n = 50). We then performed differential expression and pathway analysis using Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Pathway Analysis with Down-weighted Genes (PADOG) algorithms. We also analyzed immune profiles using the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment Deconvolution web portal for Bulk Transcriptomics (TIMEx). Both GSEA and TIMEx indicate that PanIN-derived PDAC tumors enrich inflammatory pathways (complement, hedgehog signaling, coagulation, inflammatory response, apical surface, IL-2/STAT5, IL-6/STAT3, EMT, KRAS signaling, apical junction, IFN-gamma, allograft rejection) and are comparatively richer in almost all immune cell types than those from IPMN-derived PDAC. IPMN-derived tumors were enriched for metabolic and energy-generating pathways (oxidative phosphorylation, unfolded protein response, pancreas beta cells, adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, protein secretion), and the most significantly upregulated genes (padj < 0.001) included mucin 2 (MUC2) and gastrokine-2 (GKN2). Further, the metabolic-linked gene signature enriched in the IPMN-derived samples is associated with a cluster of early-stage and long-survival (top 4th quartile) PDAC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) expression database. Our data suggest that IPMN-derived and PanIN-derived PDACs differ in the expression of immune profiles and metabolic pathways. These initial findings warrant validation and follow-up to develop biomarker-based strategies for early PDAC detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Park
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.-T.C.); (P.A.S.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Kristyn Gumpper-Fedus
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.G.-F.); (S.G.K.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.G.-F.); (S.G.K.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Maria C. Genilo-Delgado
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Stephen Brantley
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.B.); (B.A.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Phil A. Hart
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.G.-F.); (S.G.K.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Mary E. Dillhoff
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Maria F. Gomez
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Toni L. Basinski
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Shaffer R. Mok
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Anjuli K. Luthra
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Jason B. Fleming
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Barbara A. Centeno
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.B.); (B.A.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Kun Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (S.B.); (B.A.C.); (K.J.)
| | - Aleksandra Karolak
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Daniel Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Dung-Tsa Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.-T.C.); (P.A.S.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Paul A. Stewart
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.-T.C.); (P.A.S.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Jamie K. Teer
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (D.-T.C.); (P.A.S.); (J.K.T.)
| | - Zobeida Cruz-Monserrate
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (K.G.-F.); (S.G.K.); (P.A.H.)
| | - Jennifer B. Permuth
- Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (M.A.P.); (M.C.G.-D.); (M.F.G.); (T.L.B.); (S.R.M.); (A.K.L.); (A.M.)
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Vaks V, Domracheva E, Chernyaeva M, Anfertev V, Ayzenshtadt A, Glushkova K, Cherniaeva A. High-Resolution Terahertz Spectroscopy for Medical Diagnostics. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202400316. [PMID: 39394932 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
The metabolomics-based approach to diagnostics and therapy monitoring is a fast-emerging trend in modern medicine. Terahertz nonstationary spectroscopy based on the induction and disintegration of freely decaying polarization in the gas mixture during the interaction of radiation with molecules at resonance frequencies is a high-sensitivity method for studying multicomponent gas mixtures, which is promising for identifying metabolites in the thermal decomposition products of biological samples. The paper presents the results of the application of high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy to the study of biological samples taken from patients with certain diseases (pathologically changed tissues of ear-nose-throat organs and similar pathologic tissues formed in other life support systems) to search for characteristic sets of metabolites characterizing the pathology. The world's first measurements of the spectra of pathologic samples of cysts, formed in different life support systems, were carried out, which made it possible to identify similar substances in tissues having the same pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vaks
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
- Advanced Engineering School, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
| | - Elena Domracheva
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
- Advanced Engineering School, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
| | - Maria Chernyaeva
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
- Advanced Engineering School, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
| | - Vladimir Anfertev
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
- Advanced Engineering School, Lobachevsky State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
| | - Andrey Ayzenshtadt
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
- ENT Division, Children Clinical Hospital No.1, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
| | - Kseniya Glushkova
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
- ENT Division, Children Clinical Hospital No.1, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Cherniaeva
- Terahertz Spectrometry Department, Institute for Physics of Microstructures of RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Russia
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Thompson ED. Neoplastic Progression in Macroscopic Precursor Lesions of the Pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:980-988. [PMID: 38386006 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0358-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Macroscopic precursor lesions of the pancreas represent a complex clinical management problem. Molecular characterization of pancreatic cysts has helped to confirm and refine clinical and pathologic classifications of these lesions, inform our understanding of tumorigenesis in the pancreas, and provide opportunities for preoperative diagnosis. OBJECTIVE.— To review the pathologic classification of macroscopic cystic lesions of the pancreas: intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs), and intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs), and to describe our current state of understanding of their molecular underpinnings, relationship to invasive carcinomas, and implications for diagnosis and prognostication. DATA SOURCES.— We assessed the current primary literature and current World Health Organization Classification of Digestive System Tumours. CONCLUSIONS.— Macroscopic cystic lesions of the pancreas are morphologically and molecularly diverse. IPMNs and MCNs share mucinous cytoplasm with papillae. MCNs are defined by ovarian-type stroma. IOPNs have granular eosinophilic cytoplasm, prominent nucleoli, and complex, arborizing papillae. ITPNs demonstrate complex, back-to-back tubules and anastomosing papillae and lack prominent intracellular mucin. IPMNs and MCNs are characterized by driver mutations in KRAS/GNAS (IPMNs) and KRAS (MCNs), with later driver events in RNF43, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and TP53. In contrast, IOPNs and ITPNs have recurrent rearrangements in PRKACA/PRKACB and MAPK-associated genes, respectively. The recurrent alterations described in cysts provide an opportunity for diagnosis using aspirated cyst fluid. Molecular characterization of IPMNs shows a striking spatial and mutational heterogeneity, challenging traditional models of neoplastic development and creating challenges to interpretation of cyst fluid sequencing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Thompson
- From the Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Hu Y, Jones D, Esnakula AK, Krishna SG, Chen W. Molecular Pathology of Pancreatic Cystic Lesions with a Focus on Malignant Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1183. [PMID: 38539517 PMCID: PMC10969285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16061183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The malignant progression of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) remains understudied with a knowledge gap, yet its exploration is pivotal for effectively stratifying patient risk and detecting cancer at its earliest stages. Within this review, we delve into the latest discoveries on the molecular level, revealing insights into the IPMN molecular landscape and revised progression model, associated histologic subtypes, and the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis and malignant progression of IPMN. Low-grade PCLs, particularly IPMNs, can develop into high-grade lesions or invasive carcinoma, underscoring the need for long-term surveillance of these lesions if they are not resected. Although KRAS and GNAS remain the primary oncogenic drivers of neoplastic development in IPMNs, additional genes that are important in tumorigenesis have been recently identified by whole exome sequencing. A more complete understanding of the genes involved in the molecular progression of IPMN is critical for effective monitoring to minimize the risk of malignant progression. Complicating these strategies, IPMNs are also frequently multifocal and multiclonal, as demonstrated by comparative molecular analysis. Algorithms for preoperative cyst sampling and improved radiomic techniques are emerging to model this spatial and temporal genetic heterogeneity better. Here, we review the molecular pathology of PCLs, focusing on changes associated with malignant progression. Developing models of molecular risk stratification in PCLs which can complement radiologic and clinical features, facilitate the early detection of pancreatic cancer, and enable the development of more personalized surveillance and management strategies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- James Molecular Laboratory, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Y.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Dan Jones
- James Molecular Laboratory, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (Y.H.); (D.J.)
| | - Ashwini K. Esnakula
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Somashekar G. Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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Wang W, Tian X, Yan L, Guan X, Dong B, Zhao M, Liu D, Wu J, Hao C. Identification of the γ-glutamyl cycle as a novel therapeutic target and 5-oxoproline as a new biomarker for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Ann Med 2023; 55:2242247. [PMID: 37544888 PMCID: PMC10405758 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2242247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal malignant solid tumours, and abnormal metabolic reprogramming in the tumour microenvironment is regarded as an important contributor to its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES As there is an urgency to identify new targets based on the metabolic features that are highly refractory to PDAC treatment, this study aimed to identify suitable therapeutic targets for PDAC. METHODS In this study, gene set enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed on 163 PDAC tissue samples and 165 normal pancreatic tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases to identify alterations in critical metabolites that may contribute to PDAC pathogenesis. Furthermore, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to identify significant metabolic pathways between 24 pairs of tumour and adjacent non-tumour tissues and between serum samples from PDAC patients and healthy donors. RESULTS Fifty-one tissue metabolites and 26 serum metabolites were altered in PDAC. Among them, those in the γ-glutamyl cycle were the most substantially changed, and 5-oxoproline was the biomarker of PDAC with the most significantly decreased levels. CONCLUSIONS The γ-glutamyl cycle and 5-oxoproline might be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets to improve the diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of International Medical Services (IMS), Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Tian
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Yan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoya Guan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Dong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Central Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoning Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyi Hao
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery/Sarcoma Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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The Effect of Supplemental Concentrate Feeding on the Morphological and Functional Development of the Pancreas in Early Weaned Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192563. [PMID: 36230305 PMCID: PMC9558514 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study aimed to investigate the nutritional intake deficiency on rearing yak calves. We investigated supplemental concentrate feeding effects on the morphological and functional development of the pancreas in early weaned yak calves. In the study, we determined the apparent digestibility of nutrients by digestion trail, the morphological development of the pancreas in yak calves by tissue sectioning, the activity of main digestive enzymes and hormone levels by ELISA kits, and the content of major small molecule metabolites in the pancreas by non-targeted metabolomics techniques. The morphological and functional development of the pancreas and its small molecule metabolites are mainly presented in graphical form, which had positive regulatory effects on the development of the pancreas in early weaned yak calves. In summary, we found that supplemental concentrate feeding was crucial for the high-quality growth and development of early weaned yak calves and had a positive influence on the intrinsic relationship between the overall development level and physiological functions of the pancreas, which could provide an important reference for scientific rearing of early weaned yak calves. Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of supplemental concentrate feeding on the pancreatic development of yak calves. Twenty one-month-old yak calves with healthy body condition and similar body weight were selected as experimental animals and randomly divided into two groups, five replicates in each group. The control group yak calves were fed milk replacer and alfalfa hay, the experimental group yak calves were fed milk replacer, alfalfa hay and concentrate. The pre-feeding period of this experiment was thirty days, the trial period was one hundred days. At the end of feeding trail, five yak calves from each group were selected and slaughtered and the pancreas tissues of yak calves were collected and determined. The results showed that: (1) Dry matter and body weight of yak calves in the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group. (2) The apparent nutrient digestibility of crude protein, crude fat, calcium and phosphorus in the test group of yak calves was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the apparent nutrient digestibility of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group. (3) Pancreatic weight, organ index, total ratio of exocrine part area and total ratio of endocrine area of yak calves in the test group were significantly higher than those in the control group, while the ratio of exocrine area was significantly lower in the test group than that of the control group. (4) The activities of the main pancreatic digestive enzymes: pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, pancreatic protease and chymotrypsin were significantly higher in the test group than those of the control group, as were the hormonal contents of glucagon, insulin and pancreatic polypeptide. (5) The main differential metabolites of the pancreas in the test group were significantly higher than those of the control group, such as D-proline, hypoxanthine, acetylcysteine, gamma-glutamylcysteine, thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, piperidinic acid, ellagic acid, nicotinamide, tropolone, D-serine, ribulose-5-phosphate, (+/-)5(6)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid(EET), 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, L-phenylalanine, creatinine, tetrahydrocorticosterone, pyridoxamine, xanthine, 5-oxoproline, asparagine, DL-tryptophan, in-dole-3-acrylic acid, thymine, trehalose, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids(FAHFA) (18:1/20:3), fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids(FAHFA) (18:2/20:4), adrenic acid and xanthosine. In conclusion, supplemental concentrate feeding promoted the good development of morphological and functional properties of the pancreas in early weaned yak calves to improve the digestion and absorption of feed nutrients, so as to enhance the growth and development quality of early weaned yak calves.
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Pancreatic Incidentaloma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164648. [PMID: 36012893 PMCID: PMC9409921 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic incidentalomas (PIs) represent a clinical entity increasingly recognized due to advances in and easier access to imaging techniques. By definition, PIs should be detected during abdominal imaging performed for indications other than a pancreatic disease. They range from small cysts to invasive cancer. The incidental diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, inadequate management of PIs may result in overtreatment and unneeded morbidity. Therefore, there is a strong need to evaluate the nature and clinical features of individual PIs. In this review, we summarize the major characteristics related to PIs and present suggestions for their management.
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Assarzadegan N, Babaniamansour S, Shi J. Updates in the Diagnosis of Intraductal Neoplasms of the Pancreas. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856803. [PMID: 35309060 PMCID: PMC8931033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer worldwide. There are many reasons for this dismal prognosis, including the advanced stage at the time of diagnosis and the lack of effective therapeutic approaches. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) represent detectable and treatable precursor lesions of PDAC. Our understanding of the pathology of IPMNs has evolved over the past few decades, and new advances in diagnostic tools have emerged. The new World Health Organization (WHO) classification scheme now recognizes the previously considered variants of IPMNs, such as intraductal oncocytic papillary neoplasms (IOPNs) and intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasms (ITPNs), as distinct neoplasms. New imaging and molecular diagnostic tests are being developed to recognize these PDAC precursor lesions better. Here, we review the advances in diagnostic tools for IPMNs, IOPNs, and ITPNs, emphasizing the new (5th edition, 2019) WHO classification for pathological diagnosis, molecular markers, new laboratory tests, and imaging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiaqi Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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