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Wang CB, Zhao M, Wang J, Shi JT, Wang WF, Zhang Y, Meng XH, Sang CY, Zhu LL, Yang JL. Gypenosides (GPs) alleviates hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells and enhances tolerance to anoxia in C57BL/6 mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14448. [PMID: 36226816 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen is a necessary substance for life activities, but reduced oxygen utilization due to high altitude exposure and respiratory dysfunction diseases could lead to pathological changes in the organisms. Herein gypenosides, the active ingredients in the food and medicine resource plant Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino were found to alleviate hypoxia-induced injury in PC12 cells. Moreover, hypoxia induced an increase in Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species content, and such patterns were both significantly reduced by gypenosides treatment. At the same time, gypenosides significantly blocked the decrease of both NO content and mitochondrial membrane potential caused by hypoxia. Furthermore, gypenosides gavage treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of C57BL/6 mice in confinement up to 24.3% and enhanced the locomotor ability of mice. Therefore, gypenosides have good neuroprotective effects and hypoxia tolerance activity and have the prospect of being developed as a preventive and therapeutic drug for hypoxia-related diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Gypenosides can enhance tolerance of cells and mice to hypoxia and have the potential to be developed into hypoxia-resistant health food and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, China
| | - Jiao-Tai Shi
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Hua Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China.,Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai, China
| | - Chun-Yan Sang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
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2
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Ren Z, Zhang R, Li Y, Li Y, Yang Z, Yang H. Ferulic acid exerts neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury via antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1444-1456. [PMID: 28901374 PMCID: PMC5627889 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a derivative of cinnamic acid. It is used in the treatment of heart head blood-vessel disease and exerts protective effects against hypoxia/ischemia-induced cell injury in the brain. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of FA against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced brain injury in vivo and in vitro through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining assays, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining, quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and fluorescence microscopic analysis. In this study, models of cerebral I/R injury were established using rats and pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells. The results revealed that treatment with FA significantly attenuated memory impairment, and reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The results from in vitro experiments also indicated that FA protected the PC-12 cells against I/R-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis by inhibiting apoptosis, Ca2+ influx, superoxide anion (O2-), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) production in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, FA inactivated the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) pathway. MyD88 overexpression abolished the neuroprotective effects of FA. On the whole, we found that FA attenuated memory dysfunction and exerted protective effects against oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by I/R injury by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway. This study supports the view that FA may be a promising neuroprotective agent for use in the treatment of cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongkun Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
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3
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Uemura M, Ishiguro H. Freezing behavior of adherent neuron-like cells and morphological change and viability of post-thaw cells. Cryobiology 2015; 70:122-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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4
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Beukes N, Levendal RA, Frost CL. Selected terpenoids from medicinal plants modulate endoplasmic reticulum stress in metabolic disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1505-25. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The majority of research performed on cellular stress and apoptosis focuses on mitochondrial dysfunction; however, the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction and the link to metabolic diseases has gained a substantial interest. This review focuses on the potential of terpenoids to influence endoplasmic reticulum stress and the possible role terpenoids play as the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Key findings
Metabolic diseases develop as a result of a cascade of cellular pathways. In most cases, cells are able to compensate for the disruption of the cellular homeostasis although the initiation of response pathways; however, chronic stress initiates apoptotic pathways. This reviewed (1) showed the importance of phytoterpenoids to influence endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and homeostasis, (2) showed how regulating ER stress affect the cell survival and death, and (3) highlighted some examples of how the progression of metabolic diseases can be influenced by ER.
Summary
Due to the substantial number of terpenoids that have been identified in literature, this review gave examples of 21 terpenoids that have been documented to have an effect on the different proteins associated with ER stress, how these plant terpenoids influence ER dysfunction and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, liver, and neurological diseases and parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Beukes
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Ruby-Ann Levendal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Carminita L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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5
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Jay M, Bradley S, McDearmid JR. Effects of nitric oxide on neuromuscular properties of developing zebrafish embryos. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86930. [PMID: 24489806 PMCID: PMC3904980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is a bioactive signalling molecule that is known to affect a wide range of neurodevelopmental processes. However, its functional relevance to neuromuscular development is not fully understood. Here we have examined developmental roles of nitric oxide during formation and maturation of neuromuscular contacts in zebrafish. Using histochemical approaches we show that elevating nitric oxide levels reduces the number of neuromuscular synapses within the axial swimming muscles whilst inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis has the opposite effect. We further show that nitric oxide signalling does not change synapse density, suggesting that the observed effects are a consequence of previously reported changes in motor axon branch formation. Moreover, we have used in vivo patch clamp electrophysiology to examine the effects of nitric oxide on physiological maturation of zebrafish neuromuscular junctions. We show that developmental exposure to nitric oxide affects the kinetics of spontaneous miniature end plate currents and impacts the neuromuscular drive for locomotion. Taken together, our findings implicate nitrergic signalling in the regulation of zebrafish neuromuscular development and locomotor maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jay
- University of Leicester, Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Bradley
- University of Leicester, Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Robert McDearmid
- University of Leicester, Department of Biology, College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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6
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Liu H, Chen YF, Li F, Zhang HY. Fructus Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) phytochemistry, pharmacology of cardiovascular, and safety with the perspective of new drugs development. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2012; 15:94-110. [PMID: 23211013 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2012.723203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemistry, cardiovascular pharmacology, toxicology, side effect, and further development prospects of Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (GJE) and its main constituents crocins and iridoid glycosides were studied. Numerous studies have confirmed that crocins and iridoid glycosides had effects of antioxidation, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-ischemic brain injuries, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hypertension, and so on. Some of them might be related to several attractive pharmacodynamic actions of GJE such as promoting endothelium growth, protecting neurons, and inducing their differentiation. Both of them make it possible for GJE to prevent and cure thromboembolism and cardiovascular diseases well. From our own basic pharmacological research of GJE extract on several rat models, it has been known that GJE extract markedly prolonged bleeding time and inhibited platelet aggregation and thrombosis. It has significant proliferation effect on both endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells as well. As the mechanisms of GJE on those diseases were discussed and summarized, questions about its genetoxicity and hepatotoxicity were also discussed during its safety study to make the foundation for long-term medication and clinical research in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Hsiang SW, Tsai CC, Tsai FJ, Ho TY, Yao CH, Chen YS. Novel use of biodegradable casein conduits for guided peripheral nerve regeneration. J R Soc Interface 2011; 8:1622-34. [PMID: 21525148 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in nerve repair technology have focused on finding more biocompatible, non-toxic materials to imitate natural peripheral nerve components. In this study, casein protein cross-linked with naturally occurring genipin (genipin-cross-linked casein (GCC)) was used for the first time to make a biodegradable conduit for peripheral nerve repair. The GCC conduit was dark blue in appearance with a concentric and round lumen. Water uptake, contact angle and mechanical tests indicated that the conduit had a high stability in water and did not collapse and cramped with a sufficiently high level of mechanical properties. Cytotoxic testing and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling assay showed that the GCC was non-toxic and non-apoptotic, which could maintain the survival and outgrowth of Schwann cells. Non-invasive real-time nuclear factor-κB bioluminescence imaging accompanied by histochemical assessment showed that the GCC was highly biocompatible after subcutaneous implantation in transgenic mice. Effectiveness of the GCC conduit as a guidance channel was examined as it was used to repair a 10 mm gap in the rat sciatic nerve. Electrophysiology, labelling of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the lumbar spinal cord, and histology analysis all showed a rapid morphological and functional recovery for the disrupted nerves. Therefore, we conclude that the GCC can offer great nerve regeneration characteristics and can be a promising material for the successful repair of peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Hsiang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Zhang ZG, Lü TS, Yuan HY. Neuroprotective effects of ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin in vitro and vivo models of ischemic injury. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 25:300-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2010.00845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Liu J, Zhao M, Kang G, Wu J, Peng L, Peng S. HPLC-MS aided PC12 cell systems: to quantitatively monitor the conversion of nitronyl nitroxide in biological systems with and without NO. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2011; 7:1678-83. [PMID: 21403950 DOI: 10.1039/c1mb05037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitronyl nitroxides are capable of preventing cells, tissues, and organs from radical-induced damage through scavenging NO˙, ˙O(2)(-) and ˙OH. In order to explore the conversions of nitronyl nitroxides in biological systems with and without NO˙, HPLC-MS aided PC12 cell systems were developed, and the conversions of 2-(3'-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl -3-oxide (3-nitro-PTIO), 1-oxyl-2-(3'-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (3-nitro-PTI), and 1-hydroxyl-2-(3'-nitrophenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline (3-nitro-PTIH) were quantitatively monitored. In these systems 3-nitro-PTIO and 3-nitro-PTI were time-dependently converted to 3-nitro-PTIH, while no conversion of 3-nitro-PTIH was detected. Free radical NO˙ donors (sodium nitroprusside, SNP) accelerated the conversions, but had no effect upon the conversion product. In the in vitro and in vivo assays the 3-nitro-PTIH treated cells and mice exhibited no toxic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China
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10
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule that is synthesized in a range of tissues by the NO synthases (NOSs). In the immature nervous system, the neuronal isoform of NOS (NOS1) is often expressed during periods of axon outgrowth and elaboration. However, there is little direct molecular evidence to suggest that NOS1 influences these processes. Here we address the functional role of NOS1 during in vivo zebrafish locomotor circuit development. We show that NOS1 is expressed in a population of interneurons that lie close to nascent motoneurons of the spinal cord. To determine how this protein regulates spinal network assembly, we perturbed NOS1 expression in vivo with antisense morpholino oligonucleotides. This treatment dramatically increased the number of axon collaterals formed by motoneuron axons, an effect mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway. In contrast, exogenous elevation of NO/cGMP levels suppressed motor axon branching. These effects were not accompanied by a change in motoneuron number, suggesting that NOS1 does not regulate motoneuron differentiation. Finally we show that perturbation of NO signaling affects the ontogeny of locomotor performance. Our findings provide evidence that NOS1 is a key regulator of motor axon ontogeny in the developing vertebrate spinal cord.
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Chang CJ. Effects of nerve growth factor from genipin-crosslinked gelatin in polycaprolactone conduit on peripheral nerve regeneration--in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 91:586-96. [PMID: 18985781 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The gelatin solution crosslinked by genipin (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/w) was studied as a nerve growth factor (NGF) carrier (GGp0, GGp0.1, GGp0.5, GGp1.0, and GGp1.5) in a polycaprolactone conduit in large-gap nerve regeneration. The GGp0 and GGp0.1 displayed the highest activity of PC12 cells and inhibited the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT). No cytotoxicity was found in all groups by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The NGF-releasing characters were obtained by ELISA tests. A relatively fast release rate appeared during the first 10 days and then a subsequent slower release profile followed. NGF was higher in GGp0.1 than in GGp0 and GGp0.1 after 10 days. The bioactivity of the released NGF remains the same when measuring the neurite outgrowth of PC 12 cells. Finally, the controlled-release conduits were implanted into 12-mm long sciatic nerve gaps of rats. In addition, the best site of NGF carrier was determined either by filling carrier into the conduit lumen or by sucking carrier to the conduit wall. Four and 8 weeks after implantation, morphological analysis revealed that GGp0.1 conduits had markedly larger and more number of myelin axons in the midconduit and distal nerve. Further, sucking the carrier into the conduit wall was an efficient and convenient way to prevent the regeneration of axons and vessels from being impaired by the lumen's carrier. The genipin-crosslinked gelatin is a promising carrier in producing a high release concentration and a long release period of NGF to promote the regeneration over a large-gap nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Chang
- Laboratory of Tissue-Engineering, Department of Radiological Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Suppression of guanylyl cyclase (beta1 subunit) expression impairs neurite outgrowth and synapse maturation in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1266-78. [PMID: 19461654 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased expression of different soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) subunits during development is consistent with these proteins participating in the formation and establishment of interneuronal contacts. Functional sGC is generated by the dimerization of an alpha-subunit (sGCalpha1/2) with the beta1-subunit (sGCbeta1), and both depletion of the sGCbeta1 subunit and inhibiting sGC activity impair neurite outgrowth. Similarly, impairing sGC activity diminishes the amount of growth-associated protein (GAP-43) and synapsin I, two proteins that participate in axon elongation and synaptogenesis, suggesting a role for sGC in these processes. Indeed, fewer synapses form when sGC is inhibited, as witnessed by FM1-43 imaging and synapsin I immunostaining, and the majority of synapses that do form remain functionally immature. These findings highlight the importance of sGC in the regulation of neurite outgrowth and synapse formation, and in the functional maturation of cerebellar granule cells in vitro.
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13
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Chang CJ. The Effect of Pulse-Released Nerve Growth Factor from Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin in Schwann Cell–Seeded Polycaprolactone Conduits on Large-Gap Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:547-57. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yamazaki M, Chiba K, Yoshikawa C. Genipin Suppresses A23187-Induced Cytotoxicity in Neuro2a Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1043-6. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matsumi Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Kenzo Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Organization for Frontier Research in Preventive Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
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15
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Yamazaki M, Chiba K, Satoh K. Neuro2a Cell Death Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine is Attenuated by Genipin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.54.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matsumi Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Kenzo Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Organization for Frontier Research in Preventive Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Keiko Satoh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
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16
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Yamazaki M, Chiba K. Genipin exhibits neurotrophic effects through a common signaling pathway in nitric oxide synthase-expressing cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 581:255-61. [PMID: 18178184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that genipin, a natural iridoid compound, induces neuritogenesis through a nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP (cGMP)-cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) signaling pathway in PC12h cells and that neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) is one of the target molecules of genipin in vitro. Recently, it has been suggested that the neurotrophic effects of NO are due to its direct activation of receptor-tyrosine kinase, especially TrkA. In this study, we investigated whether mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells, which express nNOS but not TrkA, respond to genipin with neurite outgrowth through the mechanism observed in PC12h cells, to assess the involvement of TrkA in the mechanism. Neuro2a cells expressed all three types of NO synthase (NOS), and nNOS was detectable as the main component in Western blot analysis. Genipin significantly induced neurite outgrowth and activation of NADPH-diaphorase, which were significantly blocked by a non-selective NOS inhibitor. Both a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor and a PKG inhibitor also inhibited the genipin-induced neuritogenesis. Genipin induced sustained phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In fact, the genipin-induced neurite outgrowth was completely inhibited by a specific MAPK kinase inhibitor. Moreover, a NOS inhibitor abolished MAPK phosphorylation as well as neurite outgrowth in genipin-treated cells. These results suggest that genipin induces neurite outgrowth through an NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway followed by MAPK phosphorylation without TrkA activation in Neuro2a cells and that PKG downstream to NOSs, which may be mainly nNOS, is very important for the signaling molecule to induce neuritogenesis by genipin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matsumi Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Ho-3 Kanagawa-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-1181, Japan.
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17
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Romo-Yáñez J, Ceja V, Ilarraza-Lomelí R, Coral-Vázquez R, Velázquez F, Mornet D, Rendón A, Montañez C. Dp71ab/DAPs complex composition changes during the differentiation process in PC12 cells. J Cell Biochem 2007; 102:82-97. [PMID: 17390338 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PC12 cells express different Dp71 isoforms originated from alternative splicing; one of them, Dp71ab lacks exons 71 and 78. To gain insight into the function of Dp71 isoforms we identified dystrophin associated proteins (DAPs) that associate in vivo with Dp71ab during nerve growth factor (NGF) induced differentiation of PC12 cells. DAPs expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence, showing the presence of each mRNA and protein corresponding to alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and epsilon-sarcoglycans as well as zeta-sarcoglycan mRNA. Western blot analysis also revealed the expression of beta-dystroglycan, alpha1-syntrophin, alpha1-, and beta-dystrobrevins. We have established that Dp71ab forms a complex with beta-dystroglycan, alpha1-syntrophin, beta-dystrobrevin, and alpha-, beta- and gamma-sarcoglycans in undifferentiated PC12 cells. In differentiated PC12 cells, the complex composition changes since Dp71ab associates only with beta-dystroglycan, alpha1-syntrophin, beta-dystrobrevin, and delta-sarcoglycan. Interestingly, neuronal nitric oxide synthase associates with the Dp71ab/DAPs complex during NGF treatment, raising the possibility that Dp71ab may be involved in signal transduction events during neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Romo-Yáñez
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Apartado Postal 14-740, C.P. 07000, Ciudad de México, México
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18
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Yamazaki M, Chiba K. Expression of Functional Nitric Oxide Synthase for Neuritogenesis in PC12h Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matsumi Yamazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
| | - Kenzo Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
- Organization for Frontier Research in Preventive Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University
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