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BELCARO G, CESARONE MR, HU S, HOSOI M, LEDDA A, FERAGALLI B, SAGGINO A, COTELLESE R. Pycnogenol® supplementation alleviates symptoms of Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosurg Sci 2022; 66:371-377. [DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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The Role of Acetylcholine on the Effects of Different Doses of Sulfite in Learning and Memory. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3331-3343. [PMID: 35895153 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03684-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different doses of sulfite on learning, memory, and long term potentiation as well as the relationship of these effects with acetylcholine pathways, Arc and synapsin 1 levels were investigated. Sixty male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups as control, S100, and S260. Sodiummetabisulfite (S100;100 mg/kg/day, S260;260 mg/kg/day) was given by oral administration. Behavioral changes were evaluated. After long term potentiation recordings from the perforant pathway-dentate gyrus synapses, animals were sacrificed. Acetylcholinesterase activity, choline acetyltransferase activity, acetylcholine level as well as Arc and Synapsin 1 expressions were analyzed on the hippocampi. The total distance and average velocity values in the open field and Morris water maze tests increased in the sulfite groups, while the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test decreased compared to controls. Acetylcholine levels and choline acetyltransferase activity were also increased in the sulfite groups, while acetylcholinesterase activity was decreased compared to controls. Sulfite intake attenuated long term potentiation in the hippocampus. It has been observed that the excitatory postsynaptic potential slope and population spike amplitude of the field potentials obtained in sulfite groups decreased. This impairment was accompanied by a decrease in Arc and synapsin 1 expressions. In conclusion, it has been shown that sulfite intake in adults impairs learning and memory, possibly mediated by the cholinergic pathway. It is considered that the decrement in Arc and synapsin expressions may play a role in the mechanism underlying the impairment in long term potentiation caused by toxicity.
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Turkler C, Kiremitli T, Onat T, Yildirim E, Yazici GN, Mammadov R, Sunar M. Can pycnogenol prevent cisplatin-induced damage in uterus and ovaries? Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1364-1371. [PMID: 36160362 PMCID: PMC9479720 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.90414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent, which is thought to act on tissues with increased levels of reactive oxygen species and decreased levels of antioxidants. Pycnogenol is a potent antioxidant that is used in medical conditions caused by oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the effects of pycnogenol on cisplatin-induced uterine and ovarian damage in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wistar albino female rats were randomly divided into 3 groups before the experiment as follows: a 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin group (CG; n = 10), a 40 mg/kg pycnogenol + 2.5 mg/kg cisplatin group (PCG; n = 10), and a healthy control group (HG; n = 10). Then, the ovaries and uteri of the rats were examined to determine malondialdehyde (MDA), total glutathione (tGSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) biochemical levels and the histopathological findings. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that, in uterine and ovarian tissues of rats administered with cisplatin, there was a decrease in the levels of tGSH and SOD, while MDA was increased; however, it was observed that these ratios were reversed in the PCG group (p < 0.05). The number of follicles in the ovarian tissues was examined in all 3 groups. When the CG group was compared with the other two groups, the number of primordial, developing and atretic follicles was low, but there was no difference in the corpus luteum count. CONCLUSIONS Pycnogenol pretreatment alleviates cisplatin-induced uterine and ovarian injury in rats because of its antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Turkler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Tunay Kiremitli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Taylan Onat
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Engin Yildirim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
| | - Gulce N. Yazici
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Renad Mammadov
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mukadder Sunar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Du D, Tang W, Zhou C, Sun X, Wei Z, Zhong J, Huang Z. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is a Promising Method to Restore Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Relieve Neurological Deficits after Traumatic Brain Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5816837. [PMID: 33628361 PMCID: PMC7894052 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5816837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce persistent fluctuation in the gut microbiota makeup and abundance. The present study is aimed at determining whether fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can rescue microbiota changes and ameliorate neurological deficits after TBI in rats. METHODS A controlled cortical impact (CCI) model was used to simulate TBI in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and FMT was performed for 7 consecutive days. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of fecal samples was performed to analyze the effects of FMT on gut microbiota. Modified neurological severity score and Morris water maze were used to evaluate neurobehavioral functions. Metabolomics was used to screen differential metabolites from the rat serum and ipsilateral brains. The oxidative stress indices were measured in the brain. RESULTS TBI induced significance changes in the gut microbiome, including the alpha- and beta-bacterial diversity, as well as the microbiome composition at 8 days after TBI. On the other hand, FMT could rescue these changes and relieve neurological deficits after TBI. Metabolomics results showed that the level of trimethylamine (TMA) in feces and the level of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the ipsilateral brain and serum was increased after TBI, while FMT decreased TMA levels in the feces, and TMAO levels in the ipsilateral brain and serum. Antioxidant enzyme methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) in the ipsilateral hippocampus was decreased after TBI but increased after FMT. In addition, FMT elevated SOD and CAT activities and GSH/GSSG ratio and diminished ROS, GSSG, and MDA levels in the ipsilateral hippocampus after TBI. CONCLUSIONS FMT can restore gut microbiota dysbiosis and relieve neurological deficits possibly through the TMA-TMAO-MsrA signaling pathway after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianjun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Di Pietro V, Yakoub KM, Caruso G, Lazzarino G, Signoretti S, Barbey AK, Tavazzi B, Lazzarino G, Belli A, Amorini AM. Antioxidant Therapies in Traumatic Brain Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030260. [PMID: 32235799 PMCID: PMC7139349 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to a multiplicity of causes provoking traumatic brain injury (TBI), TBI is a highly heterogeneous pathology, characterized by high mortality and disability rates. TBI is an acute neurodegenerative event, potentially and unpredictably evolving into sub-chronic and chronic neurodegenerative events, with transient or permanent neurologic, cognitive, and motor deficits, for which no valid standardized therapies are available. A vast body of literature demonstrates that TBI-induced oxidative/nitrosative stress is involved in the development of both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular defenses against this phenomenon are largely dependent on low molecular weight antioxidants, most of which are consumed with diet or as nutraceutical supplements. A large number of studies have evaluated the efficacy of antioxidant administration to decrease TBI-associated damage in various animal TBI models and in a limited number of clinical trials. Points of weakness of preclinical studies are represented by the large variability in the TBI model adopted, in the antioxidant tested, in the timing, dosages, and routes of administration used, and in the variety of molecular and/or neurocognitive parameters evaluated. The analysis of the very few clinical studies does not allow strong conclusions to be drawn on the real effectiveness of antioxidant administration to TBI patients. Standardizing TBI models and different experimental conditions, as well as testing the efficacy of administration of a cocktail of antioxidants rather than only one, should be mandatory. According to some promising clinical results, it appears that sports-related concussion is probably the best type of TBI to test the benefits of antioxidant administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Di Pietro
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (V.D.P.); (K.M.Y.)
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Kamal M. Yakoub
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (V.D.P.); (K.M.Y.)
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute – IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina (EN), Italy;
| | - Giacomo Lazzarino
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Signoretti
- UOC Neurochirurgia, ASL Roma2, S. Eugenio Hospital, Piazzale dell’Umanesimo 10, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Barbara Tavazzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F.Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Scienze di laboratorio e infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (G.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (G.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Belli
- Neurotrauma and Ophthalmology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Aging, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (V.D.P.); (K.M.Y.)
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.T.); (G.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Division of Medical Biochemistry, University of Catania, Via S.Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
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Paarmann K, Prakash SR, Krohn M, Möhle L, Brackhan M, Brüning T, Eiriz I, Pahnke J. French maritime pine bark treatment decelerates plaque development and improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's disease mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:39-48. [PMID: 30668321 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant extracts are increasingly investigated as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia in general. Pycnogenol is an extract from the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton subsp. atlantica) with known anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Pycnogenol is thought to improve cognitive functions in elderly. We wanted to investigate and quantify these effects in a model system of cerebral ß-amyloidosis/AD. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS This study experimentally assessed the effects of Pycnogenol on AD-related pathology in a ß-amyloidosis mouse model. APP-transgenic mice and controls were treated orally in a pre-onset and post-onset treatment paradigm. The effects of Pycnogenol were characterized by analysing ß-amyloid (Aß) plaques, number of neurons, glia coverage, myelination pattern, and cortical coverage with axons using immunohistochemistry. Aß levels were quantified using ELISA and gene expression levels of APP-processing enzymes ADAM10, BACE1 and IDE protein levels were determined by Western blot. Behavioural changes in circadian rhythm were monitored and spatial memory / cognition was assessed using a water maze test. RESULTS Pycnogenol significantly decreased the number of plaques in both treatment paradigms but did not alter levels of soluble Aß or the gene expression of APP-processing enzymes. The morphological analyses revealed no changes in the number of neurons, astrocytes, microglia, the myelination pattern, or the morphology of axons. Behavioural testing revealed an improvement of the spatial memory in the pre-onset treatment paradigm only. CONCLUSION Our results suggest to evaluate clinically a potential use of Pycnogenol in the prevention or in early stages of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Paarmann
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - S R Prakash
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - M Krohn
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - L Möhle
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; Department for Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany
| | - M Brackhan
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - T Brüning
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - I Eiriz
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway
| | - J Pahnke
- Department of Neuro-/Pathology, Translational Neurodegeneration Research and Neuropathology Lab, University of Oslo (UiO) and Oslo University Hospital (OUS), Oslo, Norway; LIED, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department for Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle, Germany; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Rīga, Latvia.
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Scheff SW, Ansari MA. Natural Compounds as a Therapeutic Intervention following Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role of Phytochemicals. J Neurotrauma 2016; 34:1491-1510. [PMID: 27846772 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a tremendous focus on the discovery and development of neuroprotective agents that might have clinical relevance following traumatic brain injury (TBI). This type of brain injury is very complex and is divided into two major components. The first component, a primary injury, occurs at the time of impact and is the result of the mechanical insult itself. This primary injury is thought to be irreversible and resistant to most treatments. A second component or secondary brain injury, is defined as cellular damage that is not immediately obvious after trauma, but that develops after a delay of minutes, hours, or even days. This injury appears to be amenable to treatment. Because of the complexity of the secondary injury, any type of therapeutic intervention needs to be multi-faceted and have the ability to simultaneously modulate different cellular changes. Because of diverse pharmaceutical interactions, combinations of different drugs do not work well in concert and result in adverse physiological conditions. Research has begun to investigate the possibility of using natural compounds as a therapeutic intervention following TBI. These compounds normally have very low toxicity and have reduced interactions with other pharmaceuticals. In addition, many natural compounds have the potential to target numerous different components of the secondary injury. Here, we review 33 different plant-derived natural compounds, phytochemicals, which have been investigated in experimental animal models of TBI. Some of these phytochemicals appear to have potential as possible therapeutic interventions to offset key components of the secondary injury cascade. However, not all studies have used the same scientific rigor, and one should be cautious in the interpretation of studies using naturally occurring phytochemical in TBI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Scheff
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mubeen A Ansari
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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