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Zhao J, Le M, Li J, Huang Q, Chen H, Zhang W, Mao H, Sun Q, Li A, Zhao Y, Yu L, Yi M, Wang J, Li X, Zhang G, Ma J, Dong X. LINC00938 alleviates hypoxia ischemia encephalopathy induced neonatal brain injury by regulating oxidative stress and inhibiting JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Neurol 2023; 367:114449. [PMID: 37257715 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is an important factor leading to permanent damage of central nervous system (CNS) and even neonatal death. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been shown to get involved in the pathogenesis of nervous system diseases. LINC00938 is an intergenic lncRNA which is reported to be involved in neurodegenerative disease. However, the potential role of LINC00938 in nerve injury of neonatal HIE is undetermined. Here, we found that the expression of LINC00938 in the whole blood of neonates with HIE was downregulated compared with the non-HIE group. Functional study revealed that the expression of LINC00938 was significantly decreased in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced SH-SY5Y. Knockdown of LINC00938 induced the neural cell apoptosis by increased the protein level of Bax, Cleaved-Caspase3 and decreased the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, overexpression of LINC00938 prevented the apoptosis of SH-SY5Y from OGD injury. RNA-seq analysis showed that MAPK signaling was involved in the anti-apoptosis function of LINC00938. LINC00938 knockdown induced the activation of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibited the activation of ERK signaling. However, LINC00938 play neuroprotective role in OGD-induced SH-SY5Y by suppression the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK rather than regulation of ERK signaling pathway. Further analyses illustrated that the cell apoptosis of neuronal cell was dependent on the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and result in mitochondria dysfunction in LINC00938 knockdown SH-SY5Y. Pretreated with ROS inhibitor N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) dramatically suppressed LINC00938 knockdown induced oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction which induced cell apoptosis. In addition, NACA treatment significantly reduced the expression of p-JNK and p-p38 in OGD-induced SH-SY5Y. Furthermore, overexpression of LINC00938 displayed a notably neuroprotective effect by suppress central nervous system cell apoptosis via alleviating oxidative stress in CoCl2-induced hypoxic HIE model of zebrafish. Taken together, these results suggested that LINC00938 can act as a neuroprotective factor to inhibit oxidative stress and apoptosis of CNS under HIE conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of General Practitioners, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Meini Le
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 20033, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Haocong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Huiwen Mao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 20033, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 20033, China
| | - Yingmin Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, Jingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Lingling Yu
- Department of Pediatric, Jingjiang People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Mingjiang Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 20033, China.
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of General Practitioners, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Xiaohua Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 20033, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai 200336, China.
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Kalhori MR, Soleimani M, Alibakhshi R, Kalhori AA, Mohamadi P, Azreh R, Farzaei MH. The Potential of miR-21 in Stem Cell Differentiation and its Application in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1232-1251. [PMID: 36899116 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two important types of non-coding RNAs that are not translated into protein. These molecules can regulate various biological processes, including stem cell differentiation and self-renewal. One of the first known miRNAs in mammals is miR-21. Cancer-related studies have shown that this miRNA has proto-oncogene activity and is elevated in cancers. However, it is confirmed that miR-21 inhibits stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal and induces differentiation by targeting various genes. Regenerative medicine is a field of medical science that tries to regenerate and repair damaged tissues. Various studies have shown that miR-21 plays an essential role in regenerative medicine by affecting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we will discuss the function of miR-21 in regenerative medicine of the liver, nerve, spinal cord, wound, bone, and dental tissues. In addition, the function of natural compounds and lncRNAs will be analyzed as potential regulators of miR-21 expression in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Kalhori
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Mohamadi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rasoul Azreh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosien Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Chen Y, Zeng H, Liu H. MiR-21 participates in the neuroprotection of diazoxide against hypoxic-ischemia encephalopathy by targeting PDCD4. Brain Inj 2022; 36:876-885. [PMID: 35695083 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2087906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the leading causes of neonatal death and permanent neurological disability. Here, we designed to quest therapeutic effects of diazoxide (DZ) on HIE and its mechanism. METHODS The cell model of HIE was established. CCK8 and flow cytometry were applied to test cell viability and apoptosis. RT-qPCR and western blotting was evaluated to the expression of miR-21, PDCD4, PI3K, and p-AKT/AKT. Commercial kits were employed to detect SOD, MDA, LDH. DCFH-DA was used to measure intracellular ROS. ELISA was performed to estimate IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Dual-luciferase reporter gene and RIP assay were applied to confirm the binding relationships between miR-21 and PDCD4. RESULTS In H19-7 cells and PC12 cells stimulated by OGD, with low cell viability, high apoptosis, miR-21 high expression and PDCD4 low expression. However, the functions were all reversed by DZ administration. Furthermore, miR-21 inhibitor could abolish the beneficial effects of DZ on OGD-induced cells. Besides, miR-21 could interact with PDCD4. In addition, PDCD4 involved with the regulation of DZ to OGD-induced cells via PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSION DZ enhanced miR-21 level and inhibited PDCD4 level via PI3K/AKT pathway to resisted HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Neonatology, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Huayan Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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Rizzo SA, Bartley O, Rosser AE, Newland B. Oxygen-glucose deprivation in neurons: implications for cell transplantation therapies. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 205:102126. [PMID: 34339808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell replacement therapies hold the potential to restore neuronal networks compromised by neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson's disease or Huntington's disease), or focal tissue damage (via a stroke or spinal cord injury). Despite some promising results achieved to date, transplanted cells typically exhibit poor survival in the central nervous system, thus limiting therapeutic efficacy of the graft. Although cell death post-transplantation is likely to be multifactorial in causality, growing evidence suggests that the lack of vascularisation at the graft site, and the resulting ischemic host environment, may play a fundamental role in the fate of grafted cells. Herein, we summarise data showing how the deprivation of either oxygen, glucose, or both in combination, impacts the survival of neurons and review strategies which may improve graft survival in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Bartley
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Anne E Rosser
- Brain Repair Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute and B.R.A.I.N Unit, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, CF24 4HQ, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ben Newland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, CF10 3NB, Wales, UK; Leibniz Institute for Polymer Research Dresden (IPF), Hohe Straße 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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Wang D, Fang B, Wang Z, Li X, Chen F. Sevoflurane pretreatment regulates abnormal expression of MicroRNAs associated with spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:752. [PMID: 34268365 PMCID: PMC8246196 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) is one of the most serious spinal cord complications that stem from varied spine injuries or thoracoabdominal aortic surgery. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SCII remain unclear. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of sham, SCII 24 h, SCII 72 h, sevoflurane preconditioning SCII 24 h (SCII 24 h+sevo), and sevoflurane preconditioning SCII 72 h (SCII 72 h+sevo) group. We then analyzed the expression of differentially expressed micro RNAs (DEmiRNAs) in these groups and their target genes. Functional enrichment analysis of their target genes was further performed using Metascape software. The microRNA-messenger RNA-pathway (miRNA-mRNA-pathway) network and the sevoflurane-miRNA-mRNA-pathway integrative network were further constructed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying SCII and neuroprotective effects of sevoflurane against SCII. Molecular docking was also performed to evaluate the interactions between hub targets and sevoflurane. Finally, the expression levels of miR-21-5p and its target genes [mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B (MAP2K3 and PPP1R3B)] were measured using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analyses. Results We found that sevoflurane alters several miRNA expression following SCII at 24 and 72 h after reperfusion. It was shown that miR-221-3p, miR-181a-1-3p, and miR-21-5p were upregulated both at 24 and 72 h in the sevoflurane pre-treatment reperfusion groups. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that target genes for the above co-DEmiRNAs at 24 and 72 h in the SCII group with sevoflurane pretreatment participated in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ErbB, apoptosis, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathways. Both MAP2K3 and PPP1R3B were found to be common targets for sevoflurane and miRNA-mRNA-pathway (rno-miR-21-5p). It was shown that MAP2K3 regulates the MAPK signaling and the T cell receptor signaling pathways, whereas PPP1R3B regulates the ErbB signaling pathway. Molecular docking further revealed that sevoflurane strongly binds the MAP2K3 and PPP1R3B proteins. Compared to the sham group, SCII induced significant under-expression of miR-21-5p but upregulated PPP1R3B and MAP2K3 proteins; sevoflurane pretreatment increased the expression of miR-21-5p but decreased those of PPP1R3B and MAP2K3 proteins. Conclusions In general, sevoflurane regulates the expression of several miRNAs following SCII. In particular, sevoflurane might protect against SCII via regulating the expression of miR-21-5p, its target genes (MAP2K3 and PPP1R3B), and related signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fengshou Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Tu Q, Le D, Wang C, Mao G. Pterostilbene attenuates ischemic stroke by modulating miR-21-5p/PDCD4 axis in vivo and in vitro. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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7
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Deng D, Liang H. Silencing MEG3 protects PC12 cells from hypoxic injury by targeting miR-21. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:610-619. [PMID: 32050796 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2020.1725533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increasing number of literatures highlighted lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) as an emerging target for hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage (HIBD). This study attempted to assess the role of MEG3 in a cell model of HIBD. Expression of MEG3 in PC12 cells was suppressed by siRNA-mediated transfection, after which the cells were subjected to hypoxia. Cell viability, apoptosis, migration and the expression of related proteins were assessed. Furthermore, the downstream gene of MEG3 and its downstream signalling pathways were explored. We found that, down-regulation of MEG3 prevented hypoxic injury in PC12 cells, as hypoxia induced viability loss, apoptosis and migration repression were attenuated by transfection with MEG3 siRNA. Meanwhile, MEG3 acted as a miR-21 sponge. The neuroprotective functions of MEG3 silence were flattened when miR-21 was suppressed. Moreover, the deactivation of PI3K/AKT pathway and the activation of NF-κB pathway induced by hypoxia were attenuated by MEG3 silence. As expected, the effects of MEG3 silence on these two signalling were via miR-21. In conclusion, the neuroprotective effects of MEG3 silence on PC12 cells injured by hypoxia were observed in this study. Mechanistically, the neuroprotective effects of MEG3 silence on PC12 cells were via sponging miR-21 and thus regulating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways.HIGHLIGHTSMEG3 is highly expressed in PC12 cells following hypoxic injury;Silence of MEG3 prevents hypoxia-induced cell damage in PC12 cells;MEG3 acts as a miR-21 sponge;MEG3 sponges miR-21 to regulate PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Deng
- Department of Neurology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, China
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A Systematic Review of the Various Effect of Arsenic on Glutathione Synthesis In Vitro and In Vivo. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9414196. [PMID: 32802886 PMCID: PMC7411465 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9414196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Arsenic is a toxic metalloid widely present in nature, and arsenic poisoning in drinking water is a serious global public problem. Glutathione is an important reducing agent that inhibits arsenic-induced oxidative stress and participates in arsenic methylation metabolism. Therefore, glutathione plays an important role in regulating arsenic toxicity. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that arsenic can regulate glutathione synthesis in many ways, but there are many contradictions in the research results. At present, the mechanism of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis has not been elucidated. Objective We will conduct a meta-analysis to illustrate the effects of arsenic on GSH synthesis precursors Glu, Cys, Gly, and rate-limiting enzyme γ-GCS in mammalian models, as well as the regulation of p38/Nrf2 of γ-GCS subunit GCLC, and further explore the molecular mechanism of arsenic affecting glutathione synthesis. Results This meta-analysis included 30 studies in vivo and 58 studies in vitro, among which in vivo studies showed that arsenic exposure could reduce the contents of GSH (SMD = -2.86, 95% CI (-4.45, -1.27)), Glu (SMD = -1.11, 95% CI (-2.20,-0.02)), and Cys (SMD = -1.48, 95% CI (-2.63, -0.33)), with no statistically significant difference in p38/Nrf2, GCLC, and GCLM. In vitro studies showed that arsenic exposure increased intracellular GSH content (SMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.18, 3.56)) and promoted the expression of p-p38 (SMD = 4.19, 95% CI (2.34, 6.05)), Nrf2 (SMD = 4.60, 95% CI (2.34, 6.86)), and GCLC (SMD = 1.32, 95% CI (0.23, 2.41)); the p38 inhibitor inhibited the expression of Nrf2 (SMD = -1.27, 95% CI (-2.46, -0.09)) and GCLC (SMD = -5.37, 95% CI (-5.37, -2.20)); siNrf2 inhibited the expression of GCLC, and BSO inhibited the synthesis of GSH. There is a dose-dependent relationship between the effects of exposure on GSH in vitro. Conclusions. These indicate the difference between in vivo and in vitro studies of the effect of arsenic on glutathione synthesis. In vivo studies have shown that arsenic exposure can reduce glutamate and cysteine levels and inhibit glutathione synthesis, while in vitro studies have shown that chronic low-dose arsenic exposure can activate the p38/Nrf2 pathway, upregulate GCLC expression, and promote glutathione synthesis.
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Chen J, Chen J, Cheng Y, Fu Y, Zhao H, Tang M, Zhao H, Lin N, Shi X, Lei Y, Wang S, Huang L, Wu W, Tan J. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect beta cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via miR-21 by alleviating ER stress and inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:97. [PMID: 32127037 PMCID: PMC7055095 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01610-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is a major cause of beta cell death and dysfunction after transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on beta cells under hypoxic conditions and the potential underlying mechanisms. Methods Exosomes were isolated from the conditioned medium of human umbilical cord MSCs and identified by WB, NTA, and transmission electron microscopy. Beta cells (βTC-6) were cultured in serum-free medium in the presence or absence of exosomes under 2% oxygen conditions. Cell viability and apoptosis were analysed with a CCK-8 assay and a flow cytometry-based annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit, respectively. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were detected by the WB method. MiRNAs contained in MSC exosomes were determined by Illumina HiSeq, and treatment with specific miRNA mimics or inhibitors of the most abundant miRNAs was used to reveal the underlying mechanism of exosomes. Results Exosomes derived from MSC-conditioned culture medium were 40–100 nm in diameter and expressed the exosome markers CD9, CD63, CD81, HSP70, and Flotillin 1, as well as the MSC markers CD73, CD90, and CD105. Hypoxia significantly induced beta cell apoptosis, while MSC exosomes remarkably improved beta cell survival. The WB results showed that ER stress-related proteins, including GRP78, GRP94, p-eIF2α and CHOP, and the apoptosis-related proteins cleaved caspase 3 and PARP, were upregulated under hypoxic conditions but were inhibited by MSC exosomes. Moreover, the p38 MAPK signalling pathway was activated by hypoxia and was inhibited by MSC exosomes. The Illumina HiSeq results show that MSC exosomes were rich in miR-21, let-7 g, miR-1246, miR-381, and miR-100. After transfection with miRNA mimics, the viability of beta cells under hypoxia was increased significantly by miR-21 mimic, and the p38 MAPK and ER stress-related proteins in beta cells were downregulated. These changes were reversed after exosomes were pretreated with miR-21 inhibitor. Conclusions Exosomes derived from MSCs could protect beta cells against apoptosis induced by hypoxia, largely by carrying miR-21, alleviating ER stress and inhibiting p38 MAPK signalling. This result indicated that MSC exosomes might improve encapsulated islet survival and benefit diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China. .,Organ Transplant Institute, 900th Hospital, Clinical Medical Institute of Fujian Medical University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
| | - Junqiu Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.,Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Yuanhang Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yunfeng Fu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Minying Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Na Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Yan Lei
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China. .,Organ Transplant Institute, 900th Hospital, Clinical Medical Institute of Fujian Medical University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
| | - Lianghu Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Weizhen Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China. .,Organ Transplant Institute, 900th Hospital, Clinical Medical Institute of Fujian Medical University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.
| | - Jianming Tan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900th Hospital, Xiamen University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China.,Organ Transplant Institute, 900th Hospital, Clinical Medical Institute of Fujian Medical University, 156th XiErHuan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, China
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Chen YC, Hsu PY, Su MC, Chin CH, Liou CW, Wang TY, Lin YY, Lee CP, Lin MC, Hsiao CC. miR-21-5p Under-Expression in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Modulates Intermittent Hypoxia with Re-Oxygenation-Induced-Cell Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity by Targeting Pro-Inflammatory TNF-α-TLR4 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030999. [PMID: 32028672 PMCID: PMC7037842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the anti-inflammatory role of microRNAs (miR)-21 and miR-23 targeting the TLR/TNF-α pathway in response to chronic intermittent hypoxia with re-oxygenation (IHR) injury in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Gene expression levels of the miR-21/23a, and their predicted target genes were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 treatment-naive severe OSA patients, and 20 matched subjects with primary snoring (PS). Human monocytic THP-1 cell lines were induced to undergo apoptosis under IHR exposures, and transfected with miR-21-5p mimic. Both miR-21-5p and miR-23-3p gene expressions were decreased in OSA patients as compared with that in PS subjects, while TNF-α gene expression was increased. Both miR-21-5p and miR-23-3p gene expressions were negatively correlated with apnea hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index, while TNF-α gene expression positively correlated with apnea hypopnea index. In vitro IHR treatment resulted in decreased miR-21-5p and miR-23-3p expressions. Apoptosis, cytotoxicity, and gene expressions of their predicted target genes—including TNF-α, ELF2, NFAT5, HIF-2α, IL6, IL6R, EDNRB, and TLR4—were all increased in response to IHR, while all were reversed with miR-21-5p mimic transfection under IHR condition. The findings provide biological insight into mechanisms by which IHR-suppressed miRs protect cell apoptosis via inhibit inflammation, and indicate that over-expression of the miR-21-5p may be a new therapy for OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
- Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
- Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
- Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University School of Medicine, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Ting-Ya Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Yong-Yong Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Chiu Ping Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
- Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext 8199) (M.-C.L.); +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8979) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (Y.-C.C.); (P.-Y.H.); (M.-C.S.); (C.-H.C.); (T.-Y.W.); (Y.-Y.L.); (C.P.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-C.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-731-7123 (ext 8199) (M.-C.L.); +886-7-731-7123 (ext. 8979) (C.-C.H.)
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Reddy AP, Ravichandran J, Carkaci-Salli N. Neural regeneration therapies for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease-related disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165506. [PMID: 31276770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating mental illnesses without a cure. Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized by memory loss, multiple cognitive impairments, and changes in personality and behavior. Although tremendous progress has made in understanding the basic biology in disease processes in AD and PD, we still do not have early detectable biomarkers for these diseases. Just in the United States alone, federal and nonfederal funding agencies have spent billions of dollars on clinical trials aimed at finding drugs, but we still do not have a drug or an agent that can slow the AD or PD disease process. One primary reason for this disappointing result may be that the clinical trials enroll patients with AD or PD at advances stages. Although many drugs and agents are tested preclinical and are promising, in human clinical trials, they are mostly ineffective in slowing disease progression. One therapy that has been promising is 'stem cell therapy' based on cell culture and pre-clinical studies. In the few clinical studies that have investigated therapies in clinical trials with AD and PD patients at stage I. The therapies, such as stem cell transplantation - appear to delay the symptoms in AD and PD. The purpose of this article is to describe clinical trials using 1) stem cell transplantation methods in AD and PD mouse models and 2) regenerative medicine in AD and PD mouse models, and 3) the current status of investigating preclinical stem cell transplantation in patients with AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arubala P Reddy
- Pharmacology & Neuroscience Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, MS 9424, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States.
| | - Janani Ravichandran
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905, United States.
| | - Nurgul Carkaci-Salli
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033.
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