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Ni Y, Szpiro AA, Loftus CT, Workman T, Sullivan A, Wallace ER, Riederer AM, Day DB, Murphy LE, Nguyen RHN, Sathyanarayana S, Barrett ES, Zhao Q, Enquobahrie DA, Simpson C, Ahmad SI, Arizaga JA, Collett BR, Derefinko KJ, Kannan K, Bush NR, LeWinn KZ, Karr CJ. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and executive functions at school age: Results from a combined cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 260:114407. [PMID: 38879913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functions develop rapidly in childhood, enabling problem-solving, focused attention, and planning. Exposures to environmental toxicants in pregnancy may impair healthy executive function development in children. There is increasing concern regarding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) given their ability to transfer across the placenta and the fetal blood-brain barrier, yet evidence from epidemiological studies is limited. METHODS We examined associations between prenatal PAH exposure and executive functions in 814 children of non-smoking mothers from two U.S. cohorts in the ECHO-PATHWAYS Consortium. Seven mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites were measured in mid-pregnancy urine and analyzed individually and as mixtures. Three executive function domains were measured at age 8-9: cognitive flexibility, working memory, and inhibitory control. A composite score quantifying overall performance was further calculated. We fitted linear regressions adjusted for socio-demographics, maternal health behaviors, and psychological measures, and examined modification by child sex and stressful life events in pregnancy. Bayesian kernel machine regression was performed to estimate the interactive and overall effects of the PAH mixture. RESULTS The results from primary analysis of linear regressions were generally null, and no modification by child sex or maternal stress was indicated. Mixture analyses suggested several pairwise interactions between individual PAH metabolites in varied directions on working memory, particularly interactions between 2/3/9-FLUO and other PAH metabolites, but no overall or individual effects were evident. CONCLUSION We conducted a novel exploration of PAH-executive functions association in a large, combined sample from two cohorts. Although findings were predominantly null, the study carries important implications for future research and contributes to evolving science regarding developmental origins of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ni
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Adam A Szpiro
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christine T Loftus
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tomomi Workman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexis Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Erin R Wallace
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne M Riederer
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Drew B Day
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura E Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ruby H N Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sheela Sathyanarayana
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher Simpson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaikh I Ahmad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica A Arizaga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brent R Collett
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen J Derefinko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaja Z LeWinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Karr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wei Y, Guo X, Li L, Xue W, Wang L, Chen C, Sun S, Yang Y, Yao W, Wang W, Zhao J, Duan X. The role of N6-methyladenosine methylation in PAHs-induced cancers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:118078-118101. [PMID: 37924411 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are a wide range of environmental toxicants, may act on humans through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact, resulting in a range of toxic reactions. Epidemiological studies showed that long-term exposure to PAHs in the occupational and living environment results in a substantial rise in the incidence rate of many cancers in the population, so the prevention and treatment of these diseases have become a major worldwide public health problem. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification greatly affects the metabolism of RNA and is implicated in the etiopathogenesis of many kinds of diseases. In addition, m6A-binding proteins have an important role in disease development. The abnormal expression of these can cause the malignant proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancers. Furthermore, a growing number of studies revealed that environmental toxicants are one of the cancer risk factors and are related to m6A modifications. Exposure to environmental toxicants can alter the methylation level of m6A and the expression of the m6A-binding protein, thus promoting the occurrence and development of cancers through diverse mechanisms. m6A may serve as a biomarker for early environmental exposure. Through the study of m6A, we can find the health injury early, thus providing a new sight for preventing and curing environmental health-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaona Guo
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Longhao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chengxin Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shilong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yaqi Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wu Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoran Duan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical Systems and Applications, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Medical School, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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León-Morán L, Pastor-Belda M, Campillo N, Arroyo-Manzanares N, Torres C, Viñas P. Monitoring of hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human tissues: Targeted and untargeted approaches using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300207. [PMID: 37403284 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are metabolites of persistent organic pollutants which are formed during the bioactivation process of biological matrices and whose toxicity is being studied. The aim of this work was the development of a novel analytical method for the determination of these metabolites in human tissues, known to have bioaccumulated their parent compounds. Samples were treated by salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction and the extracts were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with a hybrid quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer. The proposed method achieved limits of detection in the 0.15-9.0 ng/g range for the five target analytes (1-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 7-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene, and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene). The quantification was achieved by matrix-matched calibration using 2,2´-biphenol as internal standard. For all compounds, relative standard deviation, calculated for six successive analyses, was below 12.1%, demonstrating good precision for the developed method. None of the target compounds was detected in the 34 studied samples. Moreover, an untargeted approach was applied to study the presence of other metabolites in the samples, as well as their conjugated forms and related compounds. For this objective, a homemade mass spectrometry database covering 81 compounds was created and none of them was detected in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixy León-Morán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Torres
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare-Nostrum", University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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He F, Li X, Huo C, Chu S, Cui Z, Li Y, Wan J, Liu R. Evaluation of fluorene-caused ecotoxicological responses and the mechanism underlying its toxicity in Eisenia fetida: Multi-level analysis of biological organization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129342. [PMID: 35716570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorene is an important toxic chemical that exists ubiquitously in the environment, and it has also been suggested to exert potential deleterious effects on soil invertebrates. However, knowledge about the toxic effects of fluorene and its underlying mechanisms of the effects on key soil organism earthworms remains limited. From this view point, this study was undertaken to explore the potential effects of fluorene and its underlying mechanisms in Eisenia fetida at the level of experimental animals, tissue, cell, and molecule. It was concluded that fluorene exerted lethal activity to adult E. fetida on day 14 with the LC50 determined to be 88.61 mg/kg. Fluorene-induced ROS caused oxidative stress in E. fetida, resulting in DNA damage, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, changed antioxidative enzymatic activities, non-enzymatic antioxidative activities, and total antioxidative capacity in E. fetida by fluorene stress are associated with antioxidative and protective effects. High-dose fluorene (> 2.5 mg/kg) exposure significantly caused histopathological lesions including the microstructure of body wall, intestine, and seminal vesicle of earthworms. Also, the reproductive system of E. fetida was clearly disrupted by fluorene stress, leading to poor reproduction ability (decreased cocoon and juvenile production) in earthworms. It is found that E. fetida growth was significantly inhibited when treated with high-dose fluorene, thereby causing normal growth disorders. Additionally, fluorene stress triggered the abnormal mRNA expression related to oxidative stress (e.g., metallothionein and heat shock protein 70), growth (translationally controlled tumour protein), reproduction (annetocin precursor) in E. fetida. Together, both high-dose and long-term exposure elicited more severe poisoning effects on earthworms using the Integrated Biological Response (IBR) index, and E. fetida coelomocyte DNA was the most negatively affected by fluorene stress. This study comprehensively evaluated fluorene-induced toxicity in E. fetida, and its underlying molecular mechanisms mediating the toxic responses have been elucidated. These findings provide valuable data for assessing potential ecological risks posed by fluorene-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Chengqian Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Zhihan Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jingqiang Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Neurotoxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Systematic Mapping and Review of Neuropathological Mechanisms. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080417. [PMID: 35893850 PMCID: PMC9331822 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several studies present the neurotoxic effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of environmental pollutants capable of causing neurological deficits. However, a collective review approach to this research topic is scarce. This study presents the effect of PAHs on the central nervous system using a bibliometric approach. The neuropathological mechanisms of PAHs are also highlighted. Published articles were searched for in the Scopus and Web of Science databases from January 1979 to December 2020 using the keywords ‘polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ and ‘neurotoxicity’. The total number of documents retrieved from both databases was 338. Duplicated documents (80) were excluded and 258 articles were used for the final analysis. Our findings revealed that there has been a significant increase in research outputs on this topic in the last ten years. The countries with the highest scientific productivity in this area are USA, China, France and Italy. The result also showed that, in the past few years, global scientific output in research relating to PAH neurotoxicity focused on neurodegeneration, cholinergic function, neurodevelopmental toxicity, behavioural studies, oxidative stress, neuroprotection and therapeutic intervention using different experimental models, including zebrafish, neuronal cell lines, Caenorhabditis elegans and rats. Recent studies also revealed the neuroprotective roles of some natural products against PAH-induced neurotoxicity. However, more investigation involving clinical trials is required to emphasize the observed neurotoxic effects.
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Améndola-Pimenta M, Alcocer-Domínguez JC, Sandoval-Gio JJ, González-Penagos CE, Zamora-Briseño JA, Ek-Huchim JP, Rodríguez-Canul R. Differential Gene Expression Induced by Acute Exposure to Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) and Chemically Enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Light Crude Oil and Nokomis 3-F4 in Limulus polyphemus Larvae. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:99-106. [PMID: 34050767 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03272-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2018 we evaluated at 48 h and 96 h, the gene expression profile of larvae of Limulus polyphemus exposed to 10% and 100% of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of light crude oil (API 35), and 10% and 100% of a chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) with the dispersant Nokomis 3-F4® in a static-acute (96 h) bioassay. Alkanes and PAHs concentrations were higher in CEWAF than in WAF stock solutions. Under the proved conditions, the expression profile of genes associated to detoxification processes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase), stress (heat shock protein), innate immunity (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4 traf4), cell death (apoptosis inhibitor 5) and DNA repairing (E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), showed a deregulation at 48 h followed by an upregulation at 96 h, with exception of glutathione peroxidase, heat shock protein and innate immunity that remained low in CEWAF. In conclusion, by using genes that have been proposed as biomarkers to pollutants exposure, L. polyphemus larvae showed an early activation of genes related to the immune system, antioxidant, heat shock and NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Améndola-Pimenta
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) - Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge Carlos Alcocer-Domínguez
- Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Final Aeropuerto Cupul s/n, CP 97700, Tizimín, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan José Sandoval-Gio
- Tecnológico Nacional de México - Instituto Tecnológico de Tizimín, Final Aeropuerto Cupul s/n, CP 97700, Tizimín, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Eduardo González-Penagos
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) - Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alejandro Zamora-Briseño
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) - Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Ek-Huchim
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) - Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rossanna Rodríguez-Canul
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV-IPN) - Unidad Mérida, Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6, CP 97310, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Jin X, Hua Q, Liu Y, Wu Z, Xu D, Ren Q, Zhao W, Guo X. Organ and tissue-specific distribution of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ApoE-KO mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117219. [PMID: 33984772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one of the most prevalent classes of environmental pollutants resulting from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Exposure to PAHs is implicated in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and even cancer. However, little is known about organ- and tissue-specific distribution patterns of PAHs in animals at macro-tissue and microscopic levels. Here, by combining GC-MS and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (SMFM), we revealed the distribution characteristics of four different PAHs (phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), perylene (Per), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)) in atherosclerosis model mice (ApoE-KO mice) at macro-tissue and micro-region level after long-term oral exposure. Average PAH concentrations detected by GC-MS in seven tissues ranged from 6.44 to 441 ng/g. The gastrointestinal tract, epididymal fat pat, and lung accumulated higher levels of PAHs, whereas relatively lower PAH residuals were found in the liver, brain, and kidney. Correlation analysis showed that PAHs with higher molecular weight (r: -0.972 to -0.746), Log Kow (r: -0.984 to -0.746) and lower water solubility (r: 0.720 to 0.994) were less prone to bioaccumulate. For the first time, SMFM demonstrated a distinct heterogeneous distribution of Per in the tissue slices. More interestingly, we observed many micro-cluster regions, namely hotspots, showed much higher Per fluorescent intensity than the other common regions. In the area of atherosclerotic plaque, the Per hotspots were colocalized with the micro-regions with the most severe inflammatory response. The hotspots with very high enrichment in PAHs were likely to stimulate the local inflammation and cause excessive damage of the aorta, which resulted in a significant increase of the relative area of atherosclerosis lesion and aggravated atherosclerosis, as observed in PAH exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China; Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Street, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qiaoyi Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Deshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qidong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 29 Nanwei Street, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Kim YC, Lee SR, Jeon HJ, Kim K, Kim MJ, Choi SD, Lee SE. Acute toxicities of fluorene, fluorene-1-carboxylic acid, and fluorene-9-carboxylic acid on zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio): Molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicities of fluorene-1-carboxylic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 260:127622. [PMID: 32673875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, fluorene (FL), FL-1-carboxylic acid (FC-1), and FL-9-carboxylic acid (FC-9) were investigated to understand their acute toxicity by measuring inhibitory effects on hatching rates and developmental processes of zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). For exposure concentrations up to 3000 μg/L, FC-1 alone showed acute toxicity at 1458 μg/L for LC50 value. FC-1 caused yolk sac and spinal deformities, and pericardial edema. Molecular studies were undertaken to understand FC-1 toxicity examining 61 genes after exposure to 5 μM (equivalent to LC20 value of FC-1) in embryos. In the FC-1-treated embryos, the expression of the cyp7a1 gene, involved in bile acid biosynthesis, was dramatically decreased, while the expression of the Il-1β gene involved in inflammation was remarkably increased. In addition to these findings, in FC-1-treated embryos, the expression of nppa gene related to the differentiation of the myocardium was 3-fold increased. On the other hand, cyp1a, cyp3a, ugt1a1, abcc4, mdr1, and sult1st1 responsible for detoxification of xenobiotics were upregulated in FC-9-treated embryos. Taken together, carboxylation on carbon 1 of FL increased acute toxicity in zebrafish embryos, and its toxicity might be related to morphological changes with modification of normal biological functions and lowered defense ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ryong Lee
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Ju Jeon
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Deuk Choi
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Geier MC, James Minick D, Truong L, Tilton S, Pande P, Anderson KA, Teeguardan J, Tanguay RL. Systematic developmental neurotoxicity assessment of a representative PAH Superfund mixture using zebrafish. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 354:115-125. [PMID: 29630969 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Superfund sites often consist of complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). It is widely recognized that PAHs pose risks to human and environmental health, but the risks posed by exposure to PAH mixtures are unclear. We constructed an environmentally relevant PAH mixture with the top 10 most prevalent PAHs (SM10) from a Superfund site derived from environmental passive sampling data. Using the zebrafish model, we measured body burden at 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) and evaluated the developmental and neurotoxicity of SM10 and the 10 individual constituents at 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) and 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Zebrafish embryos were exposed from 6 to 120 hpf to (1) the SM10 mixture, (2) a variety of individual PAHs: pyrene, fluoranthene, retene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, naphthalene, acenaphthene, phenanthrene, fluorene, and 2-methylnaphthalene. We demonstrated that SM10 and only 3 of the individual PAHs were developmentally toxic. Subsequently, we constructed and exposed developing zebrafish to two sub-mixtures: SM3 (comprised of 3 of the developmentally toxicity PAHs) and SM7 (7 non-developmentally toxic PAHs). We found that the SM3 toxicity profile was similar to SM10, and SM7 unexpectedly elicited developmental toxicity unlike that seen with its individual components. The results demonstrated that the overall developmental toxicity in the mixtures could be explained using the general concentration addition model. To determine if exposures activated the AHR pathway, spatial expression of CYP1A was evaluated in the 10 individual PAHs and the 3 mixtures at 5 dpf. Results showed activation of AHR in the liver and vasculature for the mixtures and some individual PAHs. Embryos exposed to SM10 during development and raised in chemical-free water into adulthood exhibited decreased learning and responses to startle stimulus indicating that developmental SM10 exposures affect neurobehavior. Collectively, these results exemplify the utility of zebrafish to investigate the developmental and neurotoxicity of complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra C Geier
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - D James Minick
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Lisa Truong
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Susan Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Paritosh Pande
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Justin Teeguardan
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Robert L Tanguay
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, ALS 1007, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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10
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Chen J, Tao N, Fang S, Chen Z, Liang L, Sun X, Li J, Liu YN. Incorporation of Fmoc-Y nanofibers into Ca-alginate hydrogels for improving their mechanical properties and the controlled release of small molecules. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00729b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A robust interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel was assembled from calcium alginate and Fmoc-tyrosine for the controlled release of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Na Tao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Zewen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Li Liang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- P. R. China
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11
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Marwani HM, Danish EY, Alhazmi MA, Khan SB, Bakhsh EM, Asiri AM. Cellulose acetate-iron oxide nanocomposites for trace detection of fluorene from water samples by solid-phase extraction technique. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2017.1405982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi M. Marwani
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekram Y. Danish
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marya A. Alhazmi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esraa M. Bakhsh
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Grova N, Faÿs F, Hardy EM, Appenzeller BMR. New insights into urine-based assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposure from a rat model: Identification of relevant metabolites and influence of elimination kinetics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 228:484-495. [PMID: 28575812 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A gas chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry method dedicated to the analysis of 50 metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) was applied to urine specimens collected from female Long Evans rats under controlled exposure to a mixture of PAHs (at 7 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 mg/kg, by gavage, 3 times per week for 90 days). On four occasions (day 1, 28, 60 and 90), urine samples were collected over a 24 h period. Among these 50 OH-PAHs, 41 were detected in urine samples. Seven additional OH-PAHs were identified for the first time: 1 corresponding to metabolite of pyrene and 3 of anthracene. Strong linear dose versus urinary concentration relationships were observed for 25 of the 41 OH-PAHs detected in rat urine, confirming their suitability for assessing exposure to their respective parent compound. In addition, some isomers (e.g. 1-OH-pyrene, 3-OH-/4-OH-chrysene, 10-OH-benz[a]anthracene, 8-OH-benzo[k]fluoranthene, 11-OH-benzo[b]fluoranthene and 3-OH-benzo[a]pyrene) that were detected starting from the lowest levels of exposure or even in controls were considered particularly relevant biomarkers compared to metabolites only detected at higher levels of exposure. Finally, on the basis of the excretion profiles (on days 1, 28, 60 and 90) and urinary elimination kinetics of each OH-PAH detected at days 1 and 60, this study highlighted the fact that sampling time may influence the measurement of metabolites in urine. Taken together, these results provide interesting information on the suitability of the analysis of OH-PAHs in urine for the assessment of PAH exposure, which could be taken into consideration for the design of epidemiological studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Grova
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - F Faÿs
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - E M Hardy
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - B M R Appenzeller
- Human Biomonitoring Research Unit, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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