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Karoglu-Eravsar ET, Tuz-Sasik MU, Karaduman A, Keskus AG, Arslan-Ergul A, Konu O, Kafaligonul H, Adams MM. Long-Term Acetylcholinesterase Depletion Alters the Levels of Key Synaptic Proteins while Maintaining Neuronal Markers in the Aging Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Brain. Gerontology 2023; 69:1424-1436. [PMID: 37793352 DOI: 10.1159/000534343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interventions targeting cholinergic neurotransmission like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition distinguish potential mechanisms to delay age-related impairments and attenuate deficits related to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the chronic effects of these interventions are not well described. METHODS In the current study, global levels of cholinergic, cellular, synaptic, and inflammation-mediating proteins were assessed within the context of aging and chronic reduction of AChE activity. Long-term depletion of AChE activity was induced by using a mutant zebrafish line, and they were compared with the wildtype group at young and old ages. RESULTS Results demonstrated that AChE activity was lower in both young and old mutants, and this decrease coincided with a reduction in ACh content. Additionally, an overall age-related reduction in AChE activity and the AChE/ACh ratio was observed, and this decline was more prominent in wildtype groups. The levels of an immature neuronal marker were upregulated in mutants, while a glial marker showed an overall reduction. Mutants had preserved levels of inhibitory and presynaptic elements with aging, whereas glutamate receptor subunit levels declined. CONCLUSION Long-term AChE activity depletion induces synaptic and cellular alterations. These data provide further insights into molecular targets and adaptive responses following the long-term reduction of AChE activity that was also targeted pharmacologically to treat neurodegenerative diseases in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tugce Karoglu-Eravsar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Melek Umay Tuz-Sasik
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Karaduman
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse Gokce Keskus
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayca Arslan-Ergul
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozlen Konu
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulusi Kafaligonul
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Michelle M Adams
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Nanotechnology Research Center and Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology (UNAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Zebrafish Facility, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Anwer H, O'Dea RE, Mason D, Zajitschek S, Klinke A, Reid M, Hesselson D, Noble DWA, Morris MJ, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (
Danio rerio
): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9511. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dominic Mason
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Susanne Zajitschek
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Liverpool John Moores University School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool UK
| | - Annabell Klinke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Brain structure and synaptic protein expression alterations after antidepressant treatment in a Wistar-Kyoto rat model of depression. J Affect Disord 2022; 314:293-302. [PMID: 35878834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural MRI has demonstrated brain alterations in depression pathology and antidepressants treatment. While synaptic plasticity has been previously proposed as the potential underlying mechanism of MRI findings at a cellular and molecular scale, there is still insufficient evidence to link the MRI findings and synaptic plasticity mechanisms in depression pathology. METHODS In this study, a Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) depression rat model was treated with antidepressants (citalopram or Jie-Yu Pills) and tested in a series of behavioral tests and a 7.0 MRI scanner. We then measured dendritic spine density within altered brain regions. We also examined expression of synaptic marker proteins (PSD-95 and SYP). RESULTS WKY rats exhibited depression-like behaviors in the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swim test (FST), and anxiety-like behaviors in the open field test (OFT). Both antidepressants reversed behavioral changes in SPT and OFT but not in FST. We found a correlation between SPT performance and brain volumes as detected by MRI. All structural changes were consistent with alterations of the corpus callosum (white matter), dendritic spine density, as well as PSD95 and SYP expression at different levels. Two antidepressants similarly reversed these macro- and micro-changes. LIMITATIONS The single dose of antidepressants was the major limitation of this study. Further studies should focus on the white matter microstructure changes and myelin-related protein alterations, in addition to comparing the effects of ketamine. CONCLUSION Translational evidence links structural MRI changes and synaptic plasticity alterations, which promote our understanding of SPT mechanisms and antidepressant response in WKY rats.
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