1
|
Oka N, Iwai K, Sakai H. The neural substrates responsible for food odor processing: an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1191617. [PMID: 37424999 PMCID: PMC10326844 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1191617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In many species including humans, food odors appear to play a distinct role when compared with other odors. Despite their functional distinction, the neural substrates responsible for food odor processing remain unclear in humans. This study aimed to identify brain regions involved in food odor processing using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis. We selected olfactory neuroimaging studies conducted with sufficient methodological validity using pleasant odors. We then divided the studies into food and non-food odor conditions. Finally, we performed an ALE meta-analysis for each category and compared the ALE maps of the two categories to identify the neural substrates responsible for food odor processing after minimizing the confounding factor of odor pleasantness. The resultant ALE maps revealed that early olfactory areas are more extensively activated by food than non-food odors. Subsequent contrast analysis identified a cluster in the left putamen as the most likely neural substrate underlying food odor processing. In conclusion, food odor processing is characterized by the functional network involved in olfactory sensorimotor transformation for approaching behaviors to edible odors, such as active sniffing.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ricatti MJ, Savazzi S, Cesari P, Cecchini MP. Olfaction and gustation in blindness: a state of the art of the literature. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06734-8. [PMID: 36913147 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
To date, there are quite a few studies assessing olfaction and gustation in blindness, with great variability in sample size, participants' age, blindness onset and smell and taste evaluation methods. Indeed, the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory performance can differ depending on several factors, including cultural differences. Therefore, here we analysed through a narrative review, all the works reporting a smell and taste assessment in blind individuals during the last 130 years, trying to summarize and address the knowledge in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jimena Ricatti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Savazzi
- Perception and Awareness (PandA) Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Cesari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Movement Sciences Section, University of Verona, Via Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Cecchini
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veldhuizen MG, Cecchetto C, Fjaeldstad AW, Farruggia MC, Hartig R, Nakamura Y, Pellegrino R, Yeung AWK, Fischmeister FPS. Future Directions for Chemosensory Connectomes: Best Practices and Specific Challenges. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:885304. [PMID: 35707745 PMCID: PMC9190244 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.885304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological chemosensory stimuli almost always evoke responses in more than one sensory system. Moreover, any sensory processing takes place along a hierarchy of brain regions. So far, the field of chemosensory neuroimaging is dominated by studies that examine the role of brain regions in isolation. However, to completely understand neural processing of chemosensation, we must also examine interactions between regions. In general, the use of connectivity methods has increased in the neuroimaging field, providing important insights to physical sensory processing, such as vision, audition, and touch. A similar trend has been observed in chemosensory neuroimaging, however, these established techniques have largely not been rigorously applied to imaging studies on the chemical senses, leaving network insights overlooked. In this article, we first highlight some recent work in chemosensory connectomics and we summarize different connectomics techniques. Then, we outline specific challenges for chemosensory connectome neuroimaging studies. Finally, we review best practices from the general connectomics and neuroimaging fields. We recommend future studies to develop or use the following methods we perceive as key to improve chemosensory connectomics: (1) optimized study designs, (2) reporting guidelines, (3) consensus on brain parcellations, (4) consortium research, and (5) data sharing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Veldhuizen
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Cinzia Cecchetto
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Alexander W. Fjaeldstad
- Flavour Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Michael C. Farruggia
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Renée Hartig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany,Functional and Comparative Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yuko Nakamura
- The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Andy W. K. Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Florian Ph. S. Fischmeister,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guglielmini S, Bopp G, Marcar VL, Scholkmann F, Wolf M. Systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning: a first evaluation investigating entrainment of spontaneous activity of brain and body physiology between subjects. NEUROPHOTONICS 2022; 9:026601. [PMID: 35449706 PMCID: PMC9016073 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.9.2.026601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) enables measuring the brain activity of two subjects while they interact, i.e., the hyperscanning approach. Aim: In our exploratory study, we extended classical fNIRS hyperscanning by adding systemic physiological measures to obtain systemic physiology augmented fNIRS (SPA-fNIRS) hyperscanning while blocking and not blocking the visual communication between the subjects. This approach enables access brain-to-brain, brain-to-body, and body-to-body coupling between the subjects simultaneously. Approach: Twenty-four pairs of subjects participated in the experiment. The paradigm consisted of two subjects that sat in front of each other and had their eyes closed for 10 min, followed by a phase of 10 min where they made eye contact. Brain and body activity was measured continuously by SPA-fNIRS. Results: Our study shows that making eye contact for a prolonged time causes significant changes in brain-to-brain, brain-to-body, and body-to-body coupling, indicating that eye contact is followed by entrainment of the physiology between subjects. Subjects that knew each other generally showed a larger trend to change between the two conditions. Conclusions: The main point of this study is to introduce a new framework to investigate brain-to-brain, body-to-body, and brain-to-body coupling through a simple social experimental paradigm. The study revealed that eye contact leads to significant synchronization of spontaneous activity of the brain and body physiology. Our study is the first that employed the SPA-fNIRS approach and showed its usefulness to investigate complex interpersonal physiological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Guglielmini
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gino Bopp
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valentine L. Marcar
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital Zürich, Comprehensive Cancer Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Torske A, Koch K, Eickhoff S, Freiherr J. Localizing the human brain response to olfactory stimulation: A meta-analytic approach. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 134:104512. [PMID: 34968523 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The human sense of smell and the ability to detect and distinguish odors allows for the extraction of valuable information from the environment, thereby driving human behavior. Not only can the sense of smell help to monitor the safety of inhaled air, but it can also help to evaluate the edibility of food. Therefore, in an effort to further our understanding of the human sense of smell, the aim of this meta-analysis was to provide the scientific community with activation probability maps of the functional anatomy of the olfactory system, in addition to separate activation maps for specific odor categories (pleasant, food, and aversive odors). The activation likelihood estimation (ALE) method was utilized to quantify all relevant and available data to perform a formal statistical analysis on the inter-study concordance of various odor categories. A total of 81 studies (108 contrasts, 1053 foci) fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Significant ALE peaks were observed in all odor categories in brain areas typically associated with the functional neuroanatomy of olfaction including the piriform cortex, amygdala, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex, amongst others. Additional contrast analyses indicate clear differences in neural activation patterns between odor categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Torske
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - K Koch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Neuroimaging Center (TUM-NIC), Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Martinsried, Germany
| | - S Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - J Freiherr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Sensory Analytics and Technologies, Fraunhofer Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guerreiro MJS, Linke M, Lingareddy S, Kekunnaya R, Röder B. The effect of congenital blindness on resting-state functional connectivity revisited. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12433. [PMID: 34127748 PMCID: PMC8203782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between 'visual' and non-'visual' neural circuits has been reported as a hallmark of congenital blindness. In sighted individuals, RSFC between visual and non-visual brain regions has been shown to increase during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. To determine the role of visual experience on the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition-as well as to evaluate the effect of resting state condition on group differences in RSFC-, we compared RSFC between visual and somatosensory/auditory regions in congenitally blind individuals (n = 9) and sighted participants (n = 9) during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. In the sighted group, we replicated the increase of RSFC between visual and non-visual areas during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. This was not the case in the congenitally blind group, resulting in a lower RSFC between 'visual' and non-'visual' circuits relative to sighted controls only in the eyes closed condition. These results indicate that visual experience is necessary for the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition and highlight the importance of considering whether sighted controls should be tested with eyes open or closed in studies of functional brain reorganization as a consequence of blindness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J S Guerreiro
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Madita Linke
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sunitha Lingareddy
- Department of Radiology, Lucid Medical Diagnostics, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500082, India
| | - Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V. Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Neuro-Ophthalmology, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500034, India
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kok ECE, McPherson B. Effect of eye closure on speech recognition in noise: in light and in darkness. Int J Audiol 2021; 60:1023-1029. [PMID: 33904353 DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.1912838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether listening with an eye closure (EC) strategy improves speech recognition in noise (SRN) under different visual conditions. Previous research suggests EC may enhance activation of cortical systems involved in listening and attention. Study hypotheses were that EC listening leads to better SRN than eyes open listening, that listening in darkness leads to better SRN than in light, and EC listening leads to more improved SRN in light compared to darkness. DESIGN SRN with the Cantonese Hearing in Noise Test (CHINT) under four conditions was assessed: (1) eyes open with lights on, (2) EC with lights on, (3) eyes open in darkened room, and (4) EC in darkened room. ANOVA determined potential differences among conditions and effect sizes were calculated. STUDY SAMPLE Fifty-six young adults (age range 18-35 years) with bilaterally normal hearing. RESULTS Significant effects for EC and presence/absence of an external visual stimulus on SRN were found. Post-hoc analysis found a statistically significant difference between eyes open and closed in light, with a large effect size, indicating EC resulted in the greatest improvement in SRN when in the presence of an external visual stimulus. However, differences compared with known CHINT inter-list variability lacked clinical importance. CONCLUSIONS EC did significantly improve SRN and is a potential strategy for challenging listening situations when feasible, although no changes are needed for CHINT norms or testing procedures in relation to EC status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E-Ching Eugena Kok
- Human Communication, Development and Information Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bradley McPherson
- Human Communication, Development and Information Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The manifestation of individual differences in sensitivity to punishment during resting state is modulated by eye state. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 21:144-155. [PMID: 33432544 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-020-00856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have shown that brain areas associated with fear and anxiety (defensive system areas) are modulated by individual differences in sensitivity to punishment (SP). However, little is known about how SP is related to brain functional connectivity and the factors that modulate this relationship. In this study, we investigated whether a simple methodological manipulation, such as performing a resting state with eyes open or eyes closed, can modulate the manifestation of individual differences in SP. To this end, we performed an exploratory fMRI resting state study in which a group of participants (n = 88) performed a resting state with eyes closed and another group (n = 56) performed a resting state with eyes open. All participants completed the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire. Seed-based functional connectivity analyses were performed in the amygdala, hippocampus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG). Our results showed that the relationship between SP and left amygdala-precuneus and left hippocampus-precuneus functional connectivity was modulated by eye state. Moreover, in the eyes open group, SP was negatively related to the functional connectivity between the PAG and amygdala and between the PAG and left hippocampus, and it was positively related to the functional connectivity between the amygdala and hippocampus. Together, our results may suggest underlying differences in the connectivity between anxiety-related areas based on eye state, which in turn would affect the manifestation of individual differences in SP.
Collapse
|
9
|
Weng Y, Liu X, Hu H, Huang H, Zheng S, Chen Q, Song J, Cao B, Wang J, Wang S, Huang R. Open eyes and closed eyes elicit different temporal properties of brain functional networks. Neuroimage 2020; 222:117230. [PMID: 32771616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The eyes are our windows to the brain. There are differences in brain activity between people who have their eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO). Previous studies focused on differences in brain functional properties between these eyes conditions based on an assumption that brain activity is a static phenomenon. However, the dynamic nature of the brain activity in different eyes conditions is still unclear. In this study, we collected resting-state fMRI data from 21 healthy subjects in the EC and EO conditions. Using a sliding time window approach and a k-means clustering algorithm, we calculated the temporal properties of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) states in the eyes conditions. We also used graph theory to estimate the dynamic topological properties of functional networks in the two conditions. We detected two dFC states, a hyper-connected State 1 and a hypo-connected State 2. We showed the following results: (i) subjects in the EC condition stayed longer in the hyper-connected State 1 than those in the EO; (ii) subjects in the EO condition stayed longer in the hypo-connected State 2 than those in the EC; and (iii) the dFC state transformed into the other state more frequently during EC than during EO. We also found the variance of the characteristic path length was higher during EC than during EO in the hyper-connected State 1. These results indicate that brain activity may be more active and unstable during EC than during EO. Our findings may provide insights into the dynamic nature of the resting-state brain and could be a useful reference for future rs-fMRI studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Weng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Senning Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Bolin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Opening or closing eyes at rest modulates the functional connectivity of V1 with default and salience networks. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9137. [PMID: 32499585 PMCID: PMC7272628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that volitional opening or closing of the eyes modulates brain activity and connectivity. However, how the eye state influences the functional connectivity of the primary visual cortex has been poorly investigated. Using the same scanner, fMRI data from two groups of participants similar in age, sex and educational level were acquired. One group (n = 105) performed a resting state with eyes closed, and the other group (n = 63) performed a resting state with eyes open. Seed-based voxel-wise functional connectivity whole-brain analyses were performed to study differences in the connectivity of the primary visual cortex. This region showed higher connectivity with the default mode and sensorimotor networks in the eyes closed group, but higher connectivity with the salience network in the eyes open group. All these findings were replicated using an open source shared dataset. These results suggest that opening or closing the eyes may set brain functional connectivity in an interoceptive or exteroceptive state.
Collapse
|
11
|
de Graaf T, Duecker F, Stankevich Y, ten Oever S, Sack A. Seeing in the dark: Phosphene thresholds with eyes open versus closed in the absence of visual inputs. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:828-835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.04.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
12
|
Berlin HA, Stern ER, Ng J, Zhang S, Rosenthal D, Turetzky R, Tang C, Goodman W. Altered olfactory processing and increased insula activity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An fMRI study. Psychiatry Res 2017; 262:15-24. [PMID: 28208068 PMCID: PMC5373557 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients show increased insula activation to disgust-inducing images compared to healthy controls (HC). We explored whether this disgust reactivity was also present in the olfactory domain by conducting the first fMRI study of olfaction in OCD. Neural activation in response to pleasant and unpleasant odors (vs. unscented air) was investigated in 15 OCD and 15 HC participants using fMRI. OCD participants (vs. HC) had increased left anterior insula activation to unpleasant odors (vs. unscented air), which positively correlated with their disgust sensitivity and ratings of the unpleasantness and intensity of those odors. OCD participants (vs. HC) showed increased activation of caudate nucleus and left anterior and posterior insula to pleasant odors (vs. unscented air), which positively correlated with their OCD symptom severity, trait anxiety, frequency of feeling disgust, and odor intensity ratings. OCD participants had increased anterior insula activation to both pleasant and unpleasant odors, which correlated with their OCD symptoms, anxiety, disgust sensitivity, and frequency of feeling disgust. OCD patients might have a negative cognitive bias and experience all stimuli, regardless of valence, as being more unpleasant than healthy people. These findings further elucidate the neural underpinnings of OCD and may contribute to more effective treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Berlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Emily R Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johnny Ng
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sam Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Turetzky
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Tang
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schneider M, Hathway P, Leuchs L, Sämann PG, Czisch M, Spoormaker VI. Spontaneous pupil dilations during the resting state are associated with activation of the salience network. Neuroimage 2016; 139:189-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
14
|
Brodoehl S, Witte OW, Klingner CM. Measuring eye states in functional MRI. BMC Neurosci 2016; 17:48. [PMID: 27411785 PMCID: PMC4944461 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-016-0282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In many functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies, experimental design often depends on the eye state (i.e., whether the participants had their eyes open or closed). Closed eyes during an fMRI is the general convention, particularly when patients are in a resting-state, but the eye state is difficult to verify. Although knowledge of the impact of the eye state on brain activity is steadily growing, only a few research groups have implemented standardized procedures to monitor eye movements and eye state. These procedures involve advanced methods that are costly (e.g., fMRI-compatible cameras) and often time-consuming (e.g., EEG/EOG). Results We present a simple method that distinguishes open from closed eyes utilizing functional MR images alone. The utility of this method was demonstrated on fMRI data from 14 healthy subjects who had to open and close their eyes according to a predetermined protocol (3.0 T MRI scanner, EPI sequence with 3 × 3 × 3 mm voxels, TR 2.52 s). Conclusion The method presented herein is capable of extracting the movement direction of the eyes. All described methods are applicable for pre- and post-normalized MR images and are freely available through a MATLAB toolbox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Brodoehl
- Hans Berger Department Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany. .,Brain Imaging Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
| | - Otto W Witte
- Hans Berger Department Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten M Klingner
- Hans Berger Department Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 101, 07747, Jena, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Renner B, Sproesser G, Stok FM, Schupp H. Eating in the dark: A dissociation between perceived and actual food consumption. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
16
|
Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Bramanti P, Rossini PM. EEG characteristics in “eyes-open” versus “eyes-closed” conditions: Small-world network architecture in healthy aging and age-related brain degeneration. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1261-1268. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
17
|
Olfactory training induces changes in regional functional connectivity in patients with long-term smell loss. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2015; 9:401-10. [PMID: 26594622 PMCID: PMC4590718 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, olfactory training has been introduced as a promising treatment for patients with olfactory dysfunction. However, less is known about the neuronal basis and the influence on functional networks of this training. Thus, we aimed to investigate the neuroplasticity of chemosensory perception through an olfactory training program in patients with smell loss. The experimental setup included functional MRI (fMRI) experiments with three different types of chemosensory stimuli. Ten anosmic patients (7f, 3m) and 14 healthy controls (7f, 7m) underwent the same testing sessions. After a 12-week olfactory training period, seven patients (4f, 3m) were invited for follow-up testing using the same fMRI protocol. Functional networks were identified using independent component analysis and were further examined in detail using functional connectivity analysis. We found that anosmic patients and healthy controls initially use the same three networks to process chemosensory input: the olfactory; the somatosensory; and the integrative network. Those networks did not differ between the two groups in their spatial extent, but in their functional connectivity. After the olfactory training, the sensitivity to detect odors significantly increased in the anosmic group, which was also manifested in modifications of functional connections in all three investigated networks. The results of this study indicate that an olfactory training program can reorganize functional networks, although, initially, no differences in the spatial distribution of neural activation were observed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ong JL, Kong D, Chia TT, Tandi J, Thomas Yeo B, Chee MW. Co-activated yet disconnected—Neural correlates of eye closures when trying to stay awake. Neuroimage 2015; 118:553-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
19
|
Kollndorfer K, Kowalczyk K, Frasnelli J, Hoche E, Unger E, Mueller CA, Krajnik J, Trattnig S, Schöpf V. Same same but different. Different trigeminal chemoreceptors share the same central pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121091. [PMID: 25775237 PMCID: PMC4361644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal trigeminal sensations are important in everyday life of human beings, as they play a governing role in protecting the airways from harm. Trigeminal sensations arise from the binding of a ligand to various sub-types of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels located on mucosal branches of the trigeminal nerve. Which underlying neural networks are involved in the processing of various trigeminal inputs is still unknown. To target this unresolved question fourteen healthy human subjects were investigated by completing three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning sessions during which three trigeminal substances, activating varying sub-types of chemoreceptors and evoking different sensations in the nose were presented: CO2, menthol and cinnamaldehyde. We identified similar functional networks responding to all stimuli: an olfactory network, a somatosensory network and an integrative network. The processing pathway of all three stimulants was represented by the same functional networks, although CO2 evokes painful but virtually odorless sensations, and the two other stimulants, menthol and cinnamaldehyde are perceived as mostly non painful with a clear olfactory percept. Therefore, our results suggest a common central processing pathway for trigeminal information regardless of the trigeminal chemoreceptor and sensation type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kollndorfer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ksenia Kowalczyk
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Centre de Recherche en Neuropsychologie et Cognition, Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Hôpital du Sacre Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Hoche
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ewald Unger
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian A. Mueller
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Krajnik
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spence C. Eating with our ears: assessing the importance of the sounds of consumption on our perception and enjoyment of multisensory flavour experiences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/2044-7248-4-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
21
|
Xu P, Huang R, Wang J, Van Dam NT, Xie T, Dong Z, Chen C, Gu R, Zang YF, He Y, Fan J, Luo YJ. Different topological organization of human brain functional networks with eyes open versus eyes closed. Neuroimage 2014; 90:246-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|
22
|
Segalàs C, Alonso P, Orbegozo A, Real E, Subirà M, López-Solà C, Martínez-Zalacaín I, Labad J, Harrison BJ, Pujol J, Menchón JM, Cardoner N, Soriano-Mas C. Brain structural imaging correlates of olfactory dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:225-33. [PMID: 23995893 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction has been described in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Brain regions involved in smell processing partially overlap with structures included in the neurobiological models of OCD, although no previous studies have analyzed the neuroanatomical correlates of olfactory dysfunction in this disorder. The aim of our study was to examine the association between regional gray matter volume, as assessed by a voxel-based morphometry analysis of magnetic resonance images (MRI), and olfactory function, as assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks test (SST). Olfactory function was assessed in 19 OCD patients and 19 healthy volunteers. All participants were also scanned in a 1.5-T magnet to obtain T1-weighted anatomical MRIs, which were pre-processed and analyzed with SPM8. Three different correlation models were used to study the association between regional gray matter volumes and olfactory function in the domains assessed by the SST: detection threshold, discrimination, and identification. OCD patients showed a significant impairment in all the domains assessed by the SST. Voxel-based mapping revealed a positive association in healthy controls between detection threshold and the gray matter content of a left anterior cingulate cortex cluster. In OCD patients, a positive correlation was observed between identification errors and the gray matter volume of the left medial orbital gyrus. In a post hoc analysis, these two gray matter regions were shown to be enlarged in OCD patients. Our findings support the idea that olfactory dysfunction in OCD is associated with volumetric changes in brain areas typically implicated in the neurobiology of the disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinto Segalàs
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Bellvitge, Bellvitge University Hospital, c/Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qin P, Grimm S, Duncan NW, Holland G, Guo JS, Fan Y, Weigand A, Baudewig J, Bajbouj M, Northoff G. Self-specific stimuli interact differently than non-self-specific stimuli with eyes-open versus eyes-closed spontaneous activity in auditory cortex. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:437. [PMID: 23908625 PMCID: PMC3725474 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that there may be a distinct relationship between spontaneous neural activity and subsequent or concurrent self-specific stimulus-induced activity. This study aims to test the impact of spontaneous activity as recorded in an eyes-open (EO) resting state as opposed to eyes-closed (EC) on self-specific versus non-self-specific auditory stimulus-induced activity in fMRI. In our first experiment we used self-specific stimuli comprised of the subject's own name and non-self-specific stimuli comprised of a friend's name and an unknown name, presented during EO versus EC baselines in a 3 name condition × 2 baseline design. In Experiment 2 we directly measured spontaneous activity in the absence of stimuli during EO versus EC to confirm a modulatory effect of the two baseline conditions in the regions found to show an interaction effect in Experiment 1. Spontaneous activity during EO was significantly higher than during EC in bilateral auditory cortex and non-self-specific names yielded stronger signal changes relative to EO baseline than to EC. In contrast, there was no difference in response to self-specific names relative to EO baseline than to EC despite the difference between spontaneous activity levels. These results support an impact of spontaneous activity on stimulus-induced activity, moreover an impact that depends on the high-level stimulus characteristic of self-specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengmin Qin
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research (IMHR) , Ottawa, ON , Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Glutamate concentration in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts resting-state cortical-subcortical functional connectivity in humans. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60312. [PMID: 23573246 PMCID: PMC3616113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Communication between cortical and subcortical regions is integral to a wide range of psychological processes and has been implicated in a number of psychiatric conditions. Studies in animals have provided insight into the biochemical and connectivity processes underlying such communication. However, to date no experiments that link these factors in humans in vivo have been carried out. To investigate the role of glutamate in individual differences in communication between the cortex--specifically the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)--and subcortical regions in humans, a combination of resting-state fMRI, DTI and MRS was performed. The subcortical target regions were the nucleus accumbens (NAc), dorsomedial thalamus (DMT), and periaqueductal grey (PAG). It was found that functional connectivity between the mPFC and each of the NAc and DMT was positively correlated with mPFC glutamate concentrations, whilst functional connectivity between the mPFC and PAG was negatively correlated with glutamate concentration. The correlations involving mPFC glutamate and FC between the mPFC and each of the DMT and PAG were mirrored by correlations with structural connectivity, providing evidence that the glutamatergic relationship may, in part, be due to direct connectivity. These results are in agreement with existing results from animal studies and may have relevance for MDD and schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
25
|
Duncan NW, Northoff G. Overview of potential procedural and participant-related confounds for neuroimaging of the resting state. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2013; 38:84-96. [PMID: 22964258 PMCID: PMC3581596 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.120059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of intrinsic brain activity in the resting state have become increasingly common. A productive discussion of what analysis methods are appropriate, of the importance of physiologic correction and of the potential interpretations of results has been ongoing. However, less attention has been paid to factors other than physiologic noise that may confound resting-state experiments. These range from straightforward factors, such as ensuring that participants are all instructed in the same manner, to more obscure participant-related factors, such as body weight. We provide an overview of such potentially confounding factors, along with some suggested approaches for minimizing their impact. A particular theme that emerges from the overview is the range of systematic differences between types of study groups (e.g., between patients and controls) that may influence resting-state study results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall W Duncan
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics Research Unit, University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ont.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Varga AG, Wesson DW. Distributed auditory sensory input within the mouse olfactory cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn G. Varga
- Department of Neurosciences; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland; OH; 44106; USA
| | - Daniel W. Wesson
- Department of Neurosciences; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Cleveland; OH; 44106; USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Seubert J, Freiherr J, Djordjevic J, Lundström JN. Statistical localization of human olfactory cortex. Neuroimage 2012; 66:333-42. [PMID: 23103688 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional neuroimaging methods have been used extensively during the last decades to explore the neural substrates of olfactory processing. While a general consensus on the functional anatomy of olfactory cortex is beginning to emerge, the mechanisms behind the functions of individual processing nodes still remain debated. Further, it remains unclear to which extent divergent findings result from differences in methodological approaches. Using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE), the aim of the present study was to statistically combine all published data on functional neuroimaging of olfaction to provide a probability map reflecting the state of the field to date. Additionally, we grouped studies according to various methodological approaches to investigate whether these systematically affected the reported findings. A total of 45 studies (69 contrasts, 594 foci) met our inclusion criteria. Significant ALE peaks for odor against baseline were observed in areas commonly labeled as primary and secondary olfactory cortex, such as the piriform and orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, anterior insula, and ventral putamen. In addition, differences were observed in the extent to which different methods were able to induce activation in these different nodes of the olfactory network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Johan N Lundström
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Poudel GR, Jones RD, Innes CRH, Watts R, Davidson PR, Bones PJ. Measurement of BOLD Changes Due to Cued Eye-Closure and Stopping During a Continuous Visuomotor Task via Model-Based and Model-Free Approaches. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2010; 18:479-88. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2010.2050782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
29
|
Zernecke R, Kleemann A, Haegler K, Albrecht J, Vollmer B, Linn J, Bruckmann H, Wiesmann M. Chemosensory Properties of Human Sweat. Chem Senses 2009; 35:101-8. [DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjp087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
30
|
Kopietz R, Albrecht J, Linn J, Pollatos O, Anzinger A, Wesemann T, Fesl G, Stephan T, Brückmann H, Wiesmann M. Echo Time Dependence of BOLD fMRI Studies of the Piriform Cortex. Clin Neuroradiol 2009; 19:275-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-009-9010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
31
|
The neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal function-an ALE meta-analysis of human functional brain imaging data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 62:183-96. [PMID: 19913573 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 10/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Almost every odor we encounter in daily life has the capacity to produce a trigeminal sensation. Surprisingly, few functional imaging studies exploring human neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal function exist, and results are to some degree inconsistent. We utilized activation likelihood estimation (ALE), a quantitative voxel-based meta-analysis tool, to analyze functional imaging data (fMRI/PET) following intranasal trigeminal stimulation with carbon dioxide (CO(2)), a stimulus known to exclusively activate the trigeminal system. Meta-analysis tools are able to identify activations common across studies, thereby enabling activation mapping with higher certainty. Activation foci of nine studies utilizing trigeminal stimulation were included in the meta-analysis. We found significant ALE scores, thus indicating consistent activation across studies, in the brainstem, ventrolateral posterior thalamic nucleus, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, precentral gyrus, as well as in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices-a network known for the processing of intranasal nociceptive stimuli. Significant ALE values were also observed in the piriform cortex, insula, and the orbitofrontal cortex, areas known to process chemosensory stimuli, and in association cortices. Additionally, the trigeminal ALE statistics were directly compared with ALE statistics originating from olfactory stimulation, demonstrating considerable overlap in activation. In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis map the human neuronal correlates of intranasal trigeminal stimulation with high statistical certainty and demonstrate that the cortical areas recruited during the processing of intranasal CO(2) stimuli include those outside traditional trigeminal areas. Moreover, through illustrations of the considerable overlap between brain areas that process trigeminal and olfactory information; these results demonstrate the interconnectivity of flavor processing.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hüfner K, Stephan T, Flanagin VL, Deutschländer A, Stein A, Kalla R, Dera T, Fesl G, Jahn K, Strupp M, Brandt T. Differential effects of eyes open or closed in darkness on brain activation patterns in blind subjects. Neurosci Lett 2009; 466:30-4. [PMID: 19766168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In functional brain imaging, specific task conditions can be compared to a reference condition which is often eyes-open or eyes-closed in darkness without the execution of a specific task. Previous fMRI studies in sighted subjects have shown that eyes-open in darkness, without visual stimulation, increases the relative activity in cortical ocular motor and attentional areas ("exteroceptive" state; contrast OPEN>CLOSED). By contrast, eyes-closed causes a relative signal increase in sensory systems ("interoceptive" state; contrast CLOSED>OPEN). In the present study we used fMRI to determine whether these differential brain activity states can also be found in congenitally blind subjects: there were intragroup differences between the OPEN and CLOSED conditions. These differences were, however, less pronounced and occurred in other areas than in sighted controls. The contrast OPEN>CLOSED revealed a relative signal increase in the left frontal eye field, the middle occipital gyrus bilaterally and in the anterior cingulum. Relative signal increases in occipital cortex areas and the anterior cingulum were also apparent for this contrast in the intergroup comparison (congenitally totally blind subjects vs. sighted controls). They reflect the increased attentional load or arousal during the eyes-open condition and could be indicative of a functional reorganization of the occipital cortex in the blind. The contrast CLOSED>OPEN in the congenitally totally blind subjects lead to relative activations in the somatosensory cortex bilaterally, the middle temporal gyrus on the left and the frontal gyri on the right. These activations are residues of the "interoceptive" state found in sighted controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hüfner
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Activation of Primary and Secondary Somatosensory Regions Following Tactile Stimulation of the Face. Clin Neuroradiol 2009; 19:135-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00062-009-8022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
34
|
Kleemann AM, Albrecht J, Schöpf V, Haegler K, Kopietz R, Hempel JM, Linn J, Flanagin VL, Fesl G, Wiesmann M. Trigeminal perception is necessary to localize odors. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:401-5. [PMID: 19303891 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The human ability to localize odorants has been examined in a number of studies, but the findings are contradictory. In the present study we investigated the human sensitivity and ability to localize hydrogen sulphide (H(2)S), which in low concentrations stimulates the olfactory system selectively, the olfactory-trigeminal substance isoamyl acetate (IAA), and the trigeminal substance carbon dioxide (CO(2)). A general requirement for testing of localization was the conscious perception of the applied stimuli by the participants. Using Signal Detection Theory, we determined the human sensitivity in response to stimulation with these substances. Then the subjects' ability to localize the three different substances was tested. We found that humans can detect H(2)S in low concentration (2 ppm) with moderate sensitivity, and possess a high sensitivity in response to stimulation with 8 ppm H(2)S, 17.5% IAA, 50% v/v CO(2). In the localization experiment, subjects could localize neither the low nor the high concentration of H(2)S. In contrast, subjects possessed the ability to localize IAA and CO(2) stimuli. These results clearly demonstrate that humans, in spite of the aware perception, are not able to localize substances which only activate the olfactory system independent of their concentration, but they possess an ability to localize odorants that additionally excite the trigeminal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Kleemann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Albrecht J, Kopietz R, Linn J, Sakar V, Anzinger A, Schreder T, Pollatos O, Brückmann H, Kobal G, Wiesmann M. Activation of olfactory and trigeminal cortical areas following stimulation of the nasal mucosa with low concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor--an fMRI study on chemosensory perception. Hum Brain Mapp 2009; 30:699-710. [PMID: 18381635 PMCID: PMC6870617 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Applied to the nasal mucosa in low concentrations, nicotine vapor evokes odorous sensations (mediated by the olfactory system) whereas at higher concentrations nicotine vapor additionally produces burning and stinging sensations in the nose (mediated by the trigeminal system). The objective of this study was to determine whether intranasal stimulation with suprathreshold concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor causes brain activation in olfactory cortical areas or if trigeminal cortical areas are also activated. Individual olfactory detection thresholds for S(-)-nicotine were determined in 19 healthy occasional smokers using a computer-controlled air-dilution olfactometer. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired using a 1.5T MR scanner with applications of nicotine in concentrations at or just above the individual's olfactory detection threshold. Subjects reliably perceived the stimuli as being odorous. Accordingly, activation of brain areas known to be involved in processing of olfactory stimuli was identified. Although most of the subjects never or only rarely observed a burning or painful sensation in the nose, brain areas associated with the processing of painful stimuli were activated in all subjects. This indicates that the olfactory and trigeminal systems are activated during perception of nicotine and it is not possible to completely separate olfactory from trigeminal effects by lowering the concentration of the applied nicotine. In conclusion, even at low concentrations that do not consistently lead to painful sensations, intranasally applied nicotine activates both the olfactory and the trigeminal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Albrecht
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kleemann AM, Kopietz R, Albrecht J, Schöpf V, Pollatos O, Schreder T, May J, Linn J, Brückmann H, Wiesmann M. Investigation of breathing parameters during odor perception and olfactory imagery. Chem Senses 2008; 34:1-9. [PMID: 18701432 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjn042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with visual and auditory imagery, little is known about olfactory imagery. There is evidence that respiration may be altered by both olfactory perception and olfactory imagery. In order to investigate this relationship, breathing parameters (respiratory minute volume, respiratory amplitude, and breathing rate) in human subjects during olfactory perception and olfactory imagery were investigated. Fifty-six subjects having normal olfactory function were tested. Nasal respiration was measured using a respiratory pressure sensor. Using an experimental block design, we alternately presented odors or asked the subjects to imagine a given smell. Four different pleasant odors were used: banana, rose, coffee, and lemon odor. We detected a significant increase in respiratory minute volume between olfactory perception and the baseline condition as well as between olfactory imagery and baseline condition. Additionally we found significant differences in the respiratory amplitude between imagery and baseline condition and between odor and imagery condition. Differences in the breathing rate between olfactory perception, olfactory imagery, and baseline were not statistically significant. We conclude from our results that olfactory perception and olfactory imagery both have effects on the human respiratory profile and that these effects are based on a common underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Kleemann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, , Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Poudel GR, Jones RD, Innes CRH, Davidson PR, Watts R, Signal T, Bones PJ. Functional-MRI correlates of cued slow-eye-closure and task non-responsiveness during visuomotor tracking. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2008; 2008:4122-4125. [PMID: 19163619 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4650116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Slow-eye-closure and task non-responsiveness are important behavioural markers of microsleeps. This paper presents preliminary results on the neural correlates of voluntary slow-eye-closure and voluntary non-responsiveness during performance of a continuous visuomotor tracking task. Functional-MRI (fMRI), EEG, eye video, and tracking responses were recorded from 5 normal subjects while they performed a continuous visuomotor tracking task inside an MRI scanner for 10 min. During this time, they were cued to simultaneously stop tracking and slowly close their eyes or stop tracking without eye-closure several times. Analysis of fMRI data revealed several regions involved in cued slow-eye-closure and cued task non-responsiveness, including occipito-parietal visual regions, midline default mode regions, and fronto-parietal attention regions. These results will be of considerable value in the interpretation of changes in BOLD activation and EEG activity associated with behavioural microsleeps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govinda R Poudel
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand. govinda.poudel@ otago.ac.nz
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pollatos O, Albrecht J, Kopietz R, Linn J, Schoepf V, Kleemann AM, Schreder T, Schandry R, Wiesmann M. Reduced olfactory sensitivity in subjects with depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2007; 102:101-8. [PMID: 17291590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies suggest that olfactory sensitivity is reduced in major depression. Nevertheless, only little is known about the relationship between depressive symptoms and olfactory functions in healthy subjects. METHODS The present study investigated the association between depressive symptoms and olfactory performance in 48 healthy subjects (14 male). First depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, following by olfactory testing. Olfactory threshold and discrimination performance was assessed as well as emotional arousal and pleasantness during the testing procedure. RESULTS We observed a significant negative correlation between olfactory sensitivity and depressive symptoms while olfactory discrimination was not related to depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The degree of depressive symptoms was assessed by questionnaire. A clinical interview might assess depressive symptoms more accurate. CONCLUSION We conclude that depressive symptoms are related to a reduced olfactory sensitivity. The observed relation between reduced olfactory sensitivity and depressive symptoms could be mediated by functional deviations within brain structures subserving primary olfactory processing such as amygdala and piriform cortex which is in line with results showing abnormal activity pattern in the amygdala and other brain regions in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Pollatos
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Advances have been made in identifying how areas involved in processing vestibular, ocular motor, and visual information are represented in the human cortex as well as the cortical interaction between these systems in healthy subjects. RECENT FINDINGS While we know how some vestibular and ocular motor disorders modify visuo-vestibular interaction by changing the 'normal' cortical activation-deactivation patterns, it is still early days in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of patients with specific disorders. Findings from current brain imaging studies of several vestibular, ocular motor, and cerebellar disorders are presented. SUMMARY The promise of more insights into the complex neuronal networks of the human cortex is great.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Dieterich
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|