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Shekhar S, Hirvi P, Maria A, Kotilahti K, Tuulari JJ, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Nissilä I. Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and child brain responses to affective touch at two years of age. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:177-189. [PMID: 38508459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Touch is an essential form of mother-child interaction, instigating better social bonding and emotional stability. METHODS We used diffuse optical tomography to explore the relationship between total haemoglobin (HbT) responses to affective touch in the child's brain at two years of age and maternal self-reported prenatal depressive symptoms (EPDS). Affective touch was implemented via slow brushing of the child's right forearm at 3 cm/s and non-affective touch via fast brushing at 30 cm/s and HbT responses were recorded on the left hemisphere. RESULTS We discovered a cluster in the postcentral gyrus exhibiting a negative correlation (Pearson's r = -0.84, p = 0.015 corrected for multiple comparisons) between child HbT response to affective touch and EPDS at gestational week 34. Based on region of interest (ROI) analysis, we found negative correlations between child responses to affective touch and maternal prenatal EPDS at gestational week 14 in the precentral gyrus, Rolandic operculum and secondary somatosensory cortex. The responses to non-affective touch did not correlate with EPDS in these regions. LIMITATIONS The number of mother-child dyads was 16. However, by utilising high-density optode arrangements, individualised anatomical models, and video and accelerometry to monitor movement, we were able to minimize methodological sources of variability in the data. CONCLUSIONS The results show that maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy may be associated with reduced child responses to affective touch in the temporoparietal cortex. Responses to affective touch may be considered as potential biomarkers for psychosocial development in children. Early identification of and intervention in maternal depression may be important already during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Durham, NC, USA; University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Pauliina Hirvi
- Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Finland; Aalto University, Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis, Finland
| | - Ambika Maria
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Kalle Kotilahti
- Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland; Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, TCSMT, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Finland
| | - Ilkka Nissilä
- Aalto University, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Finland.
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Ambron E, Garcea FE, Cason S, Medina J, Detre JA, Coslett HB. The influence of hand posture on tactile processing: Evidence from a 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Cortex 2024; 173:138-149. [PMID: 38394974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Although behavioral evidence has shown that postural changes influence the ability to localize or detect tactile stimuli, little is known regarding the brain areas that modulate these effects. This 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study explores the effects of touch of the hand as a function of hand location (right or left side of the body) and hand configuration (open or closed). We predicted that changes in hand configuration would be represented in contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and the anterior intraparietal area (aIPS), whereas change in position of the hand would be associated with alterations in activation in the superior parietal lobule. Multivoxel pattern analysis and a region of interest approach partially supported our predictions. Decoding accuracy for hand location was above chance level in superior parietal lobule (SPL) and in the anterior intraparietal (aIPS) area; above chance classification of hand configuration was observed in SPL and S1. This evidence confirmed the role of the parietal cortex in postural effects on touch and the possible role of S1 in coding the body form representation of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ambron
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Frank E Garcea
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, NY, USA.
| | - Samuel Cason
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared Medina
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Laboratory for Cognition and Neural Stimulation, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, USA; Department Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Zhu H, Tao Y, Wang S, Zhu X, Lin K, Zheng N, Chen LM, Xu F, Wu R. fMRI, LFP, and anatomical evidence for hierarchical nociceptive routing pathway between somatosensory and insular cortices. Neuroimage 2024; 289:120549. [PMID: 38382864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The directional organization of multiple nociceptive regions, particularly within obscure operculoinsular areas, underlying multidimensional pain processing remains elusive. This study aims to establish the fundamental organization between somatosensory and insular cortices in routing nociceptive information. By employing an integrated multimodal approach of high-field fMRI, intracranial electrophysiology, and transsynaptic viral tracing in rats, we observed a hierarchically organized connection of S1/S2 → posterior insula → anterior insula in routing nociceptive information. The directional nociceptive pathway determined by early fMRI responses was consistent with that examined by early evoked LFP, intrinsic effective connectivity, and anatomical projection, suggesting fMRI could provide a valuable facility to discern directional neural circuits in animals and humans non-invasively. Moreover, our knowledge of the nociceptive hierarchical organization of somatosensory and insular cortices and the interface role of the posterior insula may have implications for the development of targeted pain therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xutao Zhu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kunzhang Lin
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science and Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Ruiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 200031, China.
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4
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Dinh TNA, Moon HS, Kim SG. Separation of bimodal fMRI responses in mouse somatosensory areas into V1 and non-V1 contributions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6302. [PMID: 38491035 PMCID: PMC10943206 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56305-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multisensory integration is necessary for the animal to survive in the real world. While conventional methods have been extensively used to investigate the multisensory integration process in various brain areas, its long-range interactions remain less explored. In this study, our goal was to investigate interactions between visual and somatosensory networks on a whole-brain scale using 15.2-T BOLD fMRI. We compared unimodal to bimodal BOLD fMRI responses and dissected potential cross-modal pathways with silencing of primary visual cortex (V1) by optogenetic stimulation of local GABAergic neurons. Our data showed that the influence of visual stimulus on whisker activity is higher than the influence of whisker stimulus on visual activity. Optogenetic silencing of V1 revealed that visual information is conveyed to whisker processing via both V1 and non-V1 pathways. The first-order ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus (VPM) was functionally affected by non-V1 sources, while the higher-order posterior medial thalamic nucleus (POm) was predominantly modulated by V1 but not non-V1 inputs. The primary somatosensory barrel field (S1BF) was influenced by both V1 and non-V1 inputs. These observations provide valuable insights for into the integration of whisker and visual sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Anh Dinh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Moon
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.
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5
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Peters A, Bruchmann M, Dellert T, Moeck R, Schlossmacher I, Straube T. Stimulus awareness is associated with secondary somatosensory cortex activation in an inattentional numbness paradigm. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22575. [PMID: 38114726 PMCID: PMC10730535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While inattentional blindness and deafness studies have revealed neural correlates of consciousness (NCC) without the confound of task relevance in the visual and auditory modality, comparable studies for the somatosensory modality are lacking. Here, we investigated NCC using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an inattentional numbness paradigm. Participants (N = 44) received weak electrical stimulation on the left hand while solving a demanding visual task. Half of the participants were informed that task-irrelevant weak tactile stimuli above the detection threshold would be applied during the experiment, while the other half expected stimuli below the detection threshold. Unexpected awareness assessments after the experiment revealed that altogether 10 participants did not consciously perceive the somatosensory stimuli during the visual task. Awareness was not significantly modulated by prior information. The fMRI data show that awareness of stimuli led to increased activation in the contralateral secondary somatosensory cortex. We found no significant effects of stimulus awareness in the primary somatosensory cortex or frontoparietal areas. Thus, our results support the hypothesis that somatosensory stimulus awareness is mainly based on activation in higher areas of the somatosensory cortex and does not require strong activation in extended anterior or posterior networks, which is usually seen when perceived stimuli are task-relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Peters
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Torge Dellert
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Moeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Insa Schlossmacher
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University Hospital Münster, Von-Esmarch-Straße 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Kalyani A, Contier O, Klemm L, Azañon E, Schreiber S, Speck O, Reichert C, Kuehn E. Reduced dimension stimulus decoding and column-based modeling reveal architectural differences of primary somatosensory finger maps between younger and older adults. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120430. [PMID: 37923281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contains fine-grained tactile representations of the body, arranged in an orderly fashion. The use of ultra-high resolution fMRI data to detect group differences, for example between younger and older adults' SI maps, is challenging, because group alignment often does not preserve the high spatial detail of the data. Here, we use robust-shared response modeling (rSRM) that allows group analyses by mapping individual stimulus-driven responses to a lower dimensional shared feature space, to detect age-related differences in tactile representations between younger and older adults using 7T-fMRI data. Using this method, we show that finger representations are more precise in Brodmann-Area (BA) 3b and BA1 compared to BA2 and motor areas, and that this hierarchical processing is preserved across age groups. By combining rSRM with column-based decoding (C-SRM), we further show that the number of columns that optimally describes finger maps in SI is higher in younger compared to older adults in BA1, indicating a greater columnar size in older adults' SI. Taken together, we conclude that rSRM is suitable for finding fine-grained group differences in ultra-high resolution fMRI data, and we provide first evidence that the columnar architecture in SI changes with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Kalyani
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120, Germany.
| | - Oliver Contier
- Vision and Computational Cognition Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1a, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Lisa Klemm
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Elena Azañon
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schreiber
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Clinic for Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Germany
| | - Oliver Speck
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Department Biomedical Magnetic Resonance (BMMR), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Research Campus STIMULATE, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Esther Kuehn
- Institute for Cognitive Neurology and Dementia Research (IKND), Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS) Magdeburg, Magdeburg, 39120, Germany; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Lee Masson H, Isik L. Rapid Processing of Observed Touch through Social Perceptual Brain Regions: An EEG-fMRI Fusion Study. J Neurosci 2023; 43:7700-7711. [PMID: 37871963 PMCID: PMC10634570 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0995-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeing social touch triggers a strong social-affective response that involves multiple brain networks, including visual, social perceptual, and somatosensory systems. Previous studies have identified the specific functional role of each system, but little is known about the speed and directionality of the information flow. Is this information extracted via the social perceptual system or from simulation from somatosensory cortex? To address this, we examined the spatiotemporal neural processing of observed touch. Twenty-one human participants (seven males) watched 500-ms video clips showing social and nonsocial touch during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Visual and social-affective features were rapidly extracted in the brain, beginning at 90 and 150 ms after video onset, respectively. Combining the EEG data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from our prior study with the same stimuli reveals that neural information first arises in early visual cortex (EVC), then in the temporoparietal junction and posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ/pSTS), and finally in the somatosensory cortex. EVC and TPJ/pSTS uniquely explain EEG neural patterns, while somatosensory cortex does not contribute to EEG patterns alone, suggesting that social-affective information may flow from TPJ/pSTS to somatosensory cortex. Together, these findings show that social touch is processed quickly, within the timeframe of feedforward visual processes, and that the social-affective meaning of touch is first extracted by a social perceptual pathway. Such rapid processing of social touch may be vital to its effective use during social interaction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Seeing physical contact between people evokes a strong social-emotional response. Previous research has identified the brain systems responsible for this response, but little is known about how quickly and in what direction the information flows. We demonstrated that the brain processes the social-emotional meaning of observed touch quickly, starting as early as 150 ms after the stimulus onset. By combining electroencephalogram (EEG) data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, we show for the first time that the social-affective meaning of touch is first extracted by a social perceptual pathway and followed by the later involvement of somatosensory simulation. This rapid processing of touch through the social perceptual route may play a pivotal role in effective usage of touch in social communication and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haemy Lee Masson
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Leyla Isik
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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8
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Asghar M, Sanchez-Panchuelo R, Schluppeck D, Francis S. Two-Dimensional Population Receptive Field Mapping of Human Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:816-834. [PMID: 37634160 PMCID: PMC10522535 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-023-01000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging can provide detailed maps of how sensory space is mapped in the human brain. Here, we use a novel 16 stimulator setup (a 4 × 4 grid) to measure two-dimensional sensory maps of between and within-digit (D2-D4) space using high spatial-resolution (1.25 mm isotropic) imaging at 7 Tesla together with population receptive field (pRF) mapping in 10 participants. Using a 2D Gaussian pRF model, we capture maps of the coverage of digits D2-D5 across Brodmann areas and estimate pRF size and shape. In addition, we compare results to previous studies that used fewer stimulators by constraining pRF models to a 1D Gaussian Between Digit or 1D Gaussian Within Digit model. We show that pRFs across somatosensory areas tend to have a strong preference to cover the within-digit axis. We show an increase in pRF size moving from D2-D5. We quantify pRF shapes in Brodmann area (BA) 3b, 3a, 1, 2 and show differences in pRF size in Brodmann areas 3a-2, with larger estimates for BA2. Generally, the 2D Gaussian pRF model better represents pRF coverage maps generated by our data, which itself is produced from a 2D stimulation grid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Asghar
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Rosa Sanchez-Panchuelo
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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9
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Kim D, Jeong M, Kim E, Kim G, Na J, Yang S. Brain Mapping Using a Graphene Electrode Array. J Vis Exp 2023. [PMID: 37929971 DOI: 10.3791/64910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical maps represent the spatial organization of location-dependent neural responses to sensorimotor stimuli in the cerebral cortex, enabling the prediction of physiologically relevant behaviors. Various methods, such as penetrating electrodes, electroencephalography, positron emission tomography, magnetoencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have been used to obtain cortical maps. However, these methods are limited by poor spatiotemporal resolution, low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), high costs, and non-biocompatibility or cause physical damage to the brain. This study proposes a graphene array-based somatosensory mapping method as a feature of electrocorticography that offers superior biocompatibility, high spatiotemporal resolution, desirable SNR, and minimized tissue damage, overcoming the drawbacks of previous methods. This study demonstrated the feasibility of a graphene electrode array for somatosensory mapping in rats. The presented protocol can be applied not only to the somatosensory cortex but also to other cortices such as the auditory, visual, and motor cortex, providing advanced technology for clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donggue Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University
| | - Mingyeong Jeong
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University
| | - Elishia Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University
| | - Junewoo Na
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University
| | - Sunggu Yang
- Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University;
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10
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McGregor HR, Lee JK, Mulder ER, De Dios YE, Beltran NE, Wood SJ, Bloomberg JJ, Mulavara AP, Seidler RD. Artificial gravity during a spaceflight analog alters brain sensory connectivity. Neuroimage 2023; 278:120261. [PMID: 37422277 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight has numerous untoward effects on human physiology. Various countermeasures are under investigation including artificial gravity (AG). Here, we investigated whether AG alters resting-state brain functional connectivity changes during head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR), a spaceflight analog. Participants underwent 60 days of HDBR. Two groups received daily AG administered either continuously (cAG) or intermittently (iAG). A control group received no AG. We assessed resting-state functional connectivity before, during, and after HDBR. We also measured balance and mobility changes from pre- to post-HDBR. We examined how functional connectivity changes throughout HDBR and whether AG is associated with differential effects. We found differential connectivity changes by group between posterior parietal cortex and multiple somatosensory regions. The control group exhibited increased functional connectivity between these regions throughout HDBR whereas the cAG group showed decreased functional connectivity. This finding suggests that AG alters somatosensory reweighting during HDBR. We also observed brain-behavioral correlations that differed significantly by group. Control group participants who showed increased connectivity between the putamen and somatosensory cortex exhibited greater mobility declines post-HDBR. For the cAG group, increased connectivity between these regions was associated with little to no mobility declines post-HDBR. This suggests that when somatosensory stimulation is provided via AG, functional connectivity increases between the putamen and somatosensory cortex are compensatory in nature, resulting in reduced mobility declines. Given these findings, AG may be an effective countermeasure for the reduced somatosensory stimulation that occurs in both microgravity and HDBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jessica K Lee
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Edwin R Mulder
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | - Scott J Wood
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | - Rachael D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Hwang SH, Park D, Paeng S, Lee SW, Lee SH, Kim HF. Pneumatic tactile stimulus delivery system for studying brain responses evoked by active finger touch with fMRI. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 397:109938. [PMID: 37544383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primates use their hands to actively touch objects and collect information. To study tactile information processing, it is important for participants to experience tactile stimuli through active touch while monitoring brain activities. NEW METHOD Here, we developed a pneumatic tactile stimulus delivery system (pTDS) that delivers various tactile stimuli on a programmed schedule and allows voluntary finger touches during MRI scanning. The pTDS uses a pneumatic actuator to move tactile stimuli and place them in a finger hole. A photosensor detects the time when an index finger touches a tactile stimulus, enabling the analysis of the touch-elicited brain responses. RESULTS We examined brain responses while the participants actively touched braille objects presented by the pTDS. BOLD responses during tactile perception were significantly stronger in a finger touch area of the contralateral somatosensory cortex compared with that of visual perception. CONCLUSION The pTDS enables MR studies of brain mechanisms for tactile processes through natural finger touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hwan Hwang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Social Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Somang Paeng
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wan Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue-Hyun Lee
- Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung F Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Van de Wauw C, Riecke L, Goebel R, Kaas A, Sorger B. Talking with hands and feet: Selective somatosensory attention and fMRI enable robust and convenient brain-based communication. Neuroimage 2023; 276:120172. [PMID: 37230207 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In brain-based communication, voluntarily modulated brain signals (instead of motor output) are utilized to interact with the outside world. The possibility to circumvent the motor system constitutes an important alternative option for severely paralyzed. Most communication brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms require intact visual capabilities and impose a high cognitive load, but for some patients, these requirements are not given. In these situations, a better-suited, less cognitively demanding information-encoding approach may exploit auditorily-cued selective somatosensory attention to vibrotactile stimulation. Here, we propose, validate and optimize a novel communication-BCI paradigm using differential fMRI activation patterns evoked by selective somatosensory attention to tactile stimulation of the right hand or left foot. Using cytoarchitectonic probability maps and multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA), we show that the locus of selective somatosensory attention can be decoded from fMRI-signal patterns in (especially primary) somatosensory cortex with high accuracy and reliability, with the highest classification accuracy (85.93%) achieved when using Brodmann area 2 (SI-BA2) at a probability level of 0.2. Based on this outcome, we developed and validated a novel somatosensory attention-based yes/no communication procedure and demonstrated its high effectiveness even when using only a limited amount of (MVPA) training data. For the BCI user, the paradigm is straightforward, eye-independent, and requires only limited cognitive functioning. In addition, it is BCI-operator friendly given its objective and expertise-independent procedure. For these reasons, our novel communication paradigm has high potential for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Van de Wauw
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Lars Riecke
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimaging and Neuromodeling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Kaas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Sorger
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Choi S, Chen Y, Zeng H, Biswal B, Yu X. Identifying the distinct spectral dynamics of laminar-specific interhemispheric connectivity with bilateral line-scanning fMRI. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1115-1129. [PMID: 36803280 PMCID: PMC10291453 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231158434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to identify interhemispheric functional connectivity (FC) with resting-state (rs-) fMRI, correlated low-frequency rs-fMRI signal fluctuation across homotopic cortices originates from multiple sources. It remains challenging to differentiate circuit-specific FC from global regulation. Here, we developed a bilateral line-scanning fMRI method to detect laminar-specific rs-fMRI signals from homologous forepaw somatosensory cortices with high spatial and temporal resolution in rat brains. Based on spectral coherence analysis, two distinct bilateral fluctuation spectral features were identified: ultra-slow fluctuation (<0.04 Hz) across all cortical laminae versus Layer (L) 2/3-specific evoked BOLD at 0.05 Hz based on 4 s on/16 s off block design and resting-state fluctuations at 0.08-0.1 Hz. Based on the measurements of evoked BOLD signal at corpus callosum (CC), this L2/3-specific 0.05 Hz signal is likely associated with neuronal circuit-specific activity driven by the callosal projection, which dampened ultra-slow oscillation less than 0.04 Hz. Also, the rs-fMRI power variability clustering analysis showed that the appearance of L2/3-specific 0.08-0.1 Hz signal fluctuation is independent of the ultra-slow oscillation across different trials. Thus, distinct laminar-specific bilateral FC patterns at different frequency ranges can be identified by the bilateral line-scanning fMRI method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangcheon Choi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hang Zeng
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bharat Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NJIT, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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14
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Sanders Z, Dempsey‐Jones H, Wesselink DB, Edmondson LR, Puckett AM, Saal HP, Makin TR. Similar somatotopy for active and passive digit representation in primary somatosensory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:3568-3585. [PMID: 37145934 PMCID: PMC10203813 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientists traditionally use passive stimulation to examine the organisation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI). However, given the close, bidirectional relationship between the somatosensory and motor systems, active paradigms involving free movement may uncover alternative SI representational motifs. Here, we used 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare hallmark features of SI digit representation between active and passive tasks which were unmatched on task or stimulus properties. The spatial location of digit maps, somatotopic organisation, and inter-digit representational structure were largely consistent between tasks, indicating representational consistency. We also observed some task differences. The active task produced higher univariate activity and multivariate representational information content (inter-digit distances). The passive task showed a trend towards greater selectivity for digits versus their neighbours. Our findings highlight that, while the gross features of SI functional organisation are task invariant, it is important to also consider motor contributions to digit representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeena‐Britt Sanders
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIB, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Harriet Dempsey‐Jones
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Daan B. Wesselink
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIB, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Alexander M. Puckett
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Hannes P. Saal
- Queensland Brain InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Tamar R. Makin
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative NeuroimagingFMRIB, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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15
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Peng W, Zhan Y, Jin R, Lou W, Li X. Aftereffects of alpha transcranial alternating current stimulation over the primary sensorimotor cortex on cortical processing of pain. Pain 2023; 164:1280-1290. [PMID: 36607274 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is believed to modulate brain oscillations in a frequency-specific manner. Given the correlation between sensorimotor α-oscillations and pain perception, tACS that targets sensorimotor α-oscillations has the potential to reduce pain. Therefore, this study sought to determine the aftereffects of α-tACS over unilateral primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) on the perceptual and neural responses to noxious painful stimulation of the contralateral hand. Using a double-blinded and sham-controlled design, 60 healthy participants were recruited to receive either α-tACS or sham stimulation of unilateral SM1 through an electrode montage in a 4 × 1 ring configuration. Neural responses to laser nociceptive stimuli were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging immediately before and after α-tACS intervention. Perceptual reports were recorded simultaneously. Compared with sham stimulation, α-tACS attenuated bilateral SM1 responses to painful stimuli delivered to the contralateral hand. Although α-tACS did not exert direct effect on subjective pain perception, it can indirectly decrease ratings of pain perception by reducing brain activity within the targeted SM1. Moreover, α-tACS decreased the functional connectivity between the targeted SM1 and a network of regions that are crucially involved in pain processing, including the middle cingulate cortex, contralateral somatosensory cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrated that after α-tACS applied over the unilateral SM1 does attenuate subsequent neural processing of pain within bilateral sensorimotor regions as well as sensorimotor functional connectivity. The findings provide evidence that sensorimotor α-oscillations directly affect pain processing and support the application of sensorimotor α-tACS for inducing pain analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Peng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yilin Zhan
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Richu Jin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wutao Lou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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16
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Rolls ET, Deco G, Huang CC, Feng J. Prefrontal and somatosensory-motor cortex effective connectivity in humans. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:4939-4963. [PMID: 36227217 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective connectivity, functional connectivity, and tractography were measured between 57 cortical frontal and somatosensory regions and the 360 cortical regions in the Human Connectome Project (HCP) multimodal parcellation atlas for 171 HCP participants. A ventral somatosensory stream connects from 3b and 3a via 1 and 2 and then via opercular and frontal opercular regions to the insula, which then connects to inferior parietal PF regions. This stream is implicated in "what"-related somatosensory processing of objects and of the body and in combining with visual inputs in PF. A dorsal "action" somatosensory stream connects from 3b and 3a via 1 and 2 to parietal area 5 and then 7. Inferior prefrontal regions have connectivity with the inferior temporal visual cortex and orbitofrontal cortex, are implicated in working memory for "what" processing streams, and provide connectivity to language systems, including 44, 45, 47l, TPOJ1, and superior temporal visual area. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions that include area 46 have connectivity with parietal area 7 and somatosensory inferior parietal regions and are implicated in working memory for actions and planning. The dorsal prefrontal regions, including 8Ad and 8Av, have connectivity with visual regions of the inferior parietal cortex, including PGs and PGi, and are implicated in visual and auditory top-down attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Center for Brain and Cognition, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Roc Boronat 138, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Brain and Cognition, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona 08018, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Chu-Chung Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (Ministry of Education), Institute of Brain and Education Innovation, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200602, China
- Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology, Shanghai 200602, China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai 200403, China
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17
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Croosu SS, Røikjer J, Mørch CD, Ejskjaer N, Frøkjær JB, Hansen TM. Alterations in Functional Connectivity of Thalamus and Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Painful and Painless Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:173-182. [PMID: 36469731 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to investigate the functional connectivity of brain regions involved in sensory processing in diabetes with and without painful and painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and the association with peripheral nerve function and pain intensity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study we used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate functional brain connectivity of 19 individuals with type 1 diabetes and painful DPN, 19 with type 1 diabetes and painless DPN, 18 with type 1 diabetes without DPN, and 20 healthy control subjects. Seed-based connectivity analyses were performed for thalamus, postcentral gyrus, and insula, and the connectivity z scores were correlated with peripheral nerve function measurements and pain scores. RESULTS Overall, compared with those with painful DPN and healthy control subjects, subjects with type 1 diabetes without DPN showed hyperconnectivity between thalamus and motor areas and between postcentral gyrus and motor areas (all P ≤ 0.029). Poorer peripheral nerve functions and higher pain scores were associated with lower connectivity of the thalamus and postcentral gyrus (all P ≤ 0.043). No connectivity differences were found in insula (all P ≥ 0.071). CONCLUSIONS Higher functional connectivity of thalamus and postcentral gyrus appeared only in diabetes without neuropathic complications. Thalamic/postcentral gyral connectivity measures demonstrated an association with peripheral nerve functions. Based on thalamic connectivity, it was possible to group the phenotypes of type 1 diabetes with painful/painless DPN and type 1 diabetes without DPN. The results of the current study support that fMRI can be used for phenotyping, and with validation, it may contribute to early detection and prevention of neuropathic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthiya S Croosu
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Johan Røikjer
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carsten D Mørch
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain, SMI, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Niels Ejskjaer
- Steno Diabetes Center North Denmark, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jens B Frøkjær
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tine M Hansen
- Department of Radiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Chen Y, Dhingra I, Chaudhary S, Fucito L, Li CSR. Overnight Abstinence Is Associated With Smaller Secondary Somatosensory Cortical Volumes and Higher Somatosensory-Motor Cortical Functional Connectivity in Cigarette Smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1889-1897. [PMID: 35796689 PMCID: PMC9653081 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abstinence symptoms present challenges to successful cessation of cigarette smoking. Chronic exposure to nicotine and long-term nicotine abstinence are associated with alterations in cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes (GMVs). AIMS AND METHODS We aimed at examining changes in regional GMVs following overnight abstinence and how these regional functions relate to abstinence symptoms. Here, in a sample of 31 regular smokers scanned both in a satiety state and after overnight abstinence, we employed voxel-wise morphometry and resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) to investigate these issues. We processed imaging data with published routines and evaluated the results with a corrected threshold. RESULTS Smokers showed smaller GMVs of the left ventral hippocampus and right secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) after overnight abstinence as compared to satiety. The GMV alterations in right SII were positively correlated with changes in withdrawal symptom severity between states. Furthermore, right SII rsFC with the precentral gyrus was stronger in abstinence as compared to satiety. The inter-regional rsFC was positively correlated with motor impulsivity and withdrawal symptom severity during abstinence and negatively with craving to smoke during satiety. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight for the first time the effects of overnight abstinence on cerebral volumetrics and changes in functional connectivity of a higher-order sensory cortex. These changes may dispose smokers to impulsive behaviors and aggravate the urge to smoke at the earliest stage of withdrawal from nicotine. IMPLICATIONS Overnight abstinence leads to changes in gray matter volumes and functional connectivity of the second somatosensory cortex in cigarette smokers. Higher somatosensory and motor cortical connectivity in abstinence is significantly correlated with trait motor impulsivity and withdrawal symptom severity. The findings add to the literature of neural markers of nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Yu Chen, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center S110A, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Telephone: +1 (347) 819-2969; E-mail:
| | - Isha Dhingra
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lisa Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Inter-department Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Khalife S, Francis ST, Schluppeck D, Sánchez-Panchuelo RM, Besle J. Fast Event-Related Mapping of Population Fingertip Tuning Properties in Human Sensorimotor Cortex at 7T. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0069-22.2022. [PMID: 36194620 PMCID: PMC9480917 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0069-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
fMRI studies that investigate somatotopic tactile representations in the human cortex typically use either block or phase-encoded stimulation designs. Event-related (ER) designs allow for more flexible and unpredictable stimulation sequences than the other methods, but they are less efficient. Here, we compared an efficiency-optimized fast ER design (2.8-s average intertrial interval; ITI) to a conventional slow ER design (8-s average ITI) for mapping voxelwise fingertip tactile tuning properties in the sensorimotor cortex of six participants at 7 Tesla. The fast ER design yielded more reliable responses compared with the slow ER design, but with otherwise similar tuning properties. Concatenating the fast and slow ER data, we demonstrate in each individual brain the existence of two separate somatotopically-organized tactile representations of the fingertips, one in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) on the postcentral gyrus, and the other shared across the motor and premotor cortices on the precentral gyrus. In both S1 and motor representations, fingertip selectivity decreased progressively, from narrowly-tuned Brodmann area (BA) 3b and BA4a, respectively, toward associative parietal and frontal regions that responded equally to all fingertips, suggesting increasing information integration along these two pathways. In addition, fingertip selectivity in S1 decreased from the cortical representation of the thumb to that of the pinky.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Khalife
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11072020, Lebanon
| | - Susan T Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72RD, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Schluppeck
- Visual Neuroscience Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Rosa-Maria Sánchez-Panchuelo
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72RD, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Besle
- Department of Psychology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, 11072020, Lebanon
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Arbuckle SA, Pruszynski JA, Diedrichsen J. Mapping the Integration of Sensory Information across Fingers in Human Sensorimotor Cortex. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5173-5185. [PMID: 35606141 PMCID: PMC9236287 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2152-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of somatosensory signals across fingers is essential for dexterous object manipulation. Previous experiments suggest that this integration occurs in neural populations in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). However, the integration process has not been fully characterized, as previous studies have mainly used 2-finger stimulation paradigms. Here, we addressed this gap by stimulating all 31 single- and multifinger combinations. We measured population-wide activity patterns evoked during finger stimulation in human S1 and primary motor cortex (M1) using 7T fMRI in female and male participants. Using multivariate fMRI analyses, we found clear evidence of unique nonlinear interactions between fingers. In Brodmann area (BA) 3b, interactions predominantly occurred between pairs of neighboring fingers. In BA 2, however, we found equally strong interactions between spatially distant fingers, as well as interactions between finger triplets and quadruplets. We additionally observed strong interactions in the hand area of M1. In both M1 and S1, these nonlinear interactions did not reflect a general suppression of overall activity, suggesting instead that the interactions we observed reflect rich, nonlinear integration of sensory inputs from the fingers. We suggest that this nonlinear finger integration allows for a highly flexible mapping from finger sensory inputs to motor responses that facilitates dexterous object manipulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Processing of somatosensory information in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is essential for dexterous object manipulation. To successfully handle an object, the sensorimotor system needs to detect complex patterns of haptic information, which requires the nonlinear integration of sensory inputs across multiple fingers. Using multivariate fMRI analyses, we characterized brain activity patterns evoked by stimulating all single- and multifinger combinations. We report that progressively stronger multifinger interactions emerge in posterior S1 and in the primary motor cortex (M1), with interactions arising between inputs from neighboring and spatially distant fingers. Our results suggest that S1 and M1 provide the neural substrate necessary to support a flexible mapping from sensory inputs to motor responses of the hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Arbuckle
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - J Andrew Pruszynski
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, & Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jörn Diedrichsen
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Departments of Statistical and Actuarial Sciences, & Computer Science, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
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21
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Schaefer M, Kühnel A, Rumpel F, Gärtner M. Altruistic acting caused by a touching hand: neural underpinnings of the Midas touch effect. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:437-446. [PMID: 34746947 PMCID: PMC9071415 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Giving and receiving touch are some of the most important social stimuli we exchange in daily life. By touching someone, we can communicate various types of information. Previous studies have also demonstrated that interpersonal touch may affect our altruistic behavior. A classic study showed that customers give bigger tips when they are lightly touched by a waitress, which has been called the Midas touch effect. Numerous studies reported similar effects of touch on different kinds of helping or prosocial behaviors. Here, we aim to examine the neural underpinnings of this effect by employing a functional magnetic resonance imaging approach. While lying in the scanner, participants played different rounds of the dictator game, a measure of prosocial behavior. Before each round, participants were touched (or not touched in the control condition) by an experimenter. We found that touching the hand increased the likeliness to behave prosocial (but not the general liking of control stimuli), thereby confirming the Midas touch effect. The effect was predicted by activity in the primary somatosensory cortex, indicating that the somatosensory cortex here plays a causal role in prosocial behavior. We conclude that the tactile modality in social life may be much more important than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Kühnel
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin 14197, Germany
| | - Franziska Rumpel
- Otto-von-Guericke Business School Magdeburg, Magdeburg 39106, Germany
| | - Matti Gärtner
- Medical School Berlin, Berlin 14197, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 12200, Germany
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22
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Riva F, Lenger M, Kronbichler M, Lamm C, Silani G. The role of right supra-marginal gyrus and secondary somatosensory cortex in age-related differences in human emotional egocentricity. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:102-110. [PMID: 35104721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emotional egocentric bias (EEB) occurs when, due to a partial failure in self-other distinction, empathy for another's emotion is influenced by our own emotional state. Recent studies have revealed a higher EEB in children, adolescents and older adults compared to young adults, but the neural correlates of this finding are largely unknown. We asked female participants (N = 95) from three different age groups (adolescents, young and older adults) to perform a well-validated EEB task in an MRI scanner. We assessed task-based changes in activity and effective connectivity as well as morphometric changes in regions of interest to pinpoint functional and structural age-related differences. Results revealed higher EEB in older compared to young adults and adolescents. Connectivity between right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) and somatosensory cortices acted as a partial mediator between age and EEB. The findings suggest that an intact connectivity of rSMG, rather than its regional activity, with sensory-perceptual brain areas is crucial for overcoming egocentric biases of empathic judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Riva
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4-6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Kapitelgasse 4-6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giorgia Silani
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Guinto MC, Haruta M, Kurauchi Y, Saigo T, Kurasawa K, Ryu S, Ohta Y, Kawahara M, Takehara H, Tashiro H, Sasagawa K, Katsuki H, Ohta J. Modular head-mounted cortical imaging device for chronic monitoring of intrinsic signals in mice. J Biomed Opt 2022; 27:026501. [PMID: 35166087 PMCID: PMC8843356 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.2.026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Intrinsic optical signals (IOS) generated in the cortical tissue as a result of various interacting metabolic processes are used extensively to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that govern neurovascular coupling. However, current IOS measurements still often rely on bulky, tabletop imaging systems, and there remains a dearth of studies in freely moving subjects. Lightweight, miniature head-mounted imaging devices provide unique opportunities for investigating cortical dynamics in small animals under a variety of naturalistic behavioral settings. AIM The aim of this work was to monitor IOS in the somatosensory cortex of wild-type mice by developing a lightweight, biocompatible imaging device that readily lends itself to animal experiments in freely moving conditions. APPROACH Herein we describe a method for realizing long-term IOS imaging in mice using a 0.54-g, compact, CMOS-based, head-mounted imager. The two-part module, consisting of a tethered sensor plate and a base plate, allows facile assembly prior to imaging sessions and disassembly when the sensor is not in use. LEDs integrated into the device were chosen to illuminate the cortical mantle at two different wavelengths in the visible regime (λcenter: 535 and 625 nm) for monitoring volume- and oxygenation state-dependent changes in the IOS, respectively. To test whether the system can detect robust cortical responses, we recorded sensory-evoked IOS from mechanical stimulation of the hindlimbs (HL) of anesthetized mice in both acute and long-term implantation conditions. RESULTS Cortical IOS recordings in the primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb receptive field (S1HL) of anesthetized mice under green and red LED illumination revealed robust, multiphasic profiles that were time-locked to the mechanical stimulation of the contralateral plantar hindpaw. Similar intrinsic signal profiles observed in S1HL at 40 days postimplantation demonstrated the viability of the approach for long-term imaging. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the brain tissue did not exhibit appreciable immune response due to the device implantation and operation. A proof-of-principle imaging session in a freely behaving mouse showed minimal locomotor impediment for the animal and also enabled estimation of blood flow speed. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the utility of a miniature cortical imaging device for monitoring IOS and related hemodynamic processes in both anesthetized and freely moving mice, cueing potential for applications to some neuroscientific studies of sensation and naturalistic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian Guinto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Makito Haruta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurauchi
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Taisuke Saigo
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kurasawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Sumika Ryu
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasumi Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Mamiko Kawahara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hironari Takehara
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tashiro
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
- Kyushu University, Division of Medical Technology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sasagawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ohta
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Materials Science, Ikoma, Japan
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Gooijers J, Chalavi S, Koster LK, Roebroeck A, Kaas A, Swinnen SP. Representational Similarity Scores of Digits in the Sensorimotor Cortex Are Associated with Behavioral Performance. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3848-3863. [PMID: 35029640 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies aimed to unravel a digit-specific somatotopy in the primary sensorimotor (SM1) cortex. However, it remains unknown whether digit somatotopy is associated with motor preparation and/or motor execution during different types of tasks. We adopted multivariate representational similarity analysis to explore digit activation patterns in response to a finger tapping task (FTT). Sixteen healthy young adults underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and additionally performed an out-of-scanner choice reaction time task (CRTT) to assess digit selection performance. During both the FTT and CRTT, force data of all digits were acquired using force transducers. This allowed us to assess execution-related interference (i.e., digit enslavement; obtained from FTT & CRTT), as well as planning-related interference (i.e., digit selection deficit; obtained from CRTT) and determine their correlation with digit representational similarity scores of SM1. Findings revealed that digit enslavement during FTT was associated with contralateral SM1 representational similarity scores. During the CRTT, digit enslavement of both hands was also associated with representational similarity scores of the contralateral SM1. In addition, right hand digit selection performance was associated with representational similarity scores of left S1. In conclusion, we demonstrate a cortical origin of digit enslavement, and uniquely reveal that digit selection is associated with digit representations in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Significance statement In current systems neuroscience, it is of critical importance to understand the relationship between brain function and behavioral outcome. With the present work, we contribute significantly to this understanding by uniquely assessing how digit representations in the sensorimotor cortex are associated with planning- and execution-related digit interference during a continuous finger tapping and a choice reaction time task. We observe that digit enslavement (i.e., execution-related interference) finds its origin in contralateral digit representations of SM1, and that deficits in digit selection (i.e., planning-related interference) in the right hand during a choice reaction time task are associated with more overlapping digit representations in left S1. This knowledge sheds new light on the functional contribution of the sensorimotor cortex to everyday motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gooijers
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- LBI-KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - S Chalavi
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- LBI-KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - L K Koster
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - A Roebroeck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 EV, the Netherlands
| | - A Kaas
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6229 EV, the Netherlands
| | - S P Swinnen
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
- LBI-KU Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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Paul K, Tik M, Hahn A, Sladky R, Geissberger N, Wirth EM, Kranz GS, Pfabigan DM, Kraus C, Lanzenberger R, Lamm C, Windischberger C. Give me a pain that I am used to: distinct habituation patterns to painful and non-painful stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22929. [PMID: 34824311 PMCID: PMC8617189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain habituation is associated with a decrease of activation in brain areas related to pain perception. However, little is known about the specificity of these decreases to pain, as habituation has also been described for other responses like spinal reflexes and other sensory responses. Thus, it might be hypothesized that previously reported reductions in activation are not specifically related to pain habituation. For this reason, we performed a 3 T fMRI study using either painful or non-painful electrical stimulation via an electrode attached to the back of the left hand. Contrasting painful vs. non-painful stimulation revealed significant activation clusters in regions well-known to be related to pain processing, such as bilateral anterior and posterior insula, primary/secondary sensory cortices (S1/S2) and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). Importantly, our results show distinct habituation patterns for painful (in aMCC) and non-painful (contralateral claustrum) stimulation, while similar habituation for both types of stimulation was identified in bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and contralateral S2. Our findings thus distinguish a general habituation in somatosensory processing (S2) and reduced attention (IFG) from specific pain and non-pain related habituation effects where pain-specific habituation effects within the aMCC highlight a change in affective pain perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Paul
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Tik
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ronald Sladky
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Geissberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Wirth
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg S Kranz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniela M Pfabigan
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christoph Kraus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Windischberger
- MR Center of Excellence, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Ye X, Yang PF, Liu Q, Dillenburger BD, Friedman RM, Chen LM. A thermal nociceptive patch in the S2 cortex of nonhuman primates: a combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrophysiology study. Pain 2021; 162:2705-2716. [PMID: 33945242 PMCID: PMC8380756 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and behavioral studies have established the roles of cortical areas along the Sylvian fissure in sensing subjective pain. Yet, little is known about how sensory aspects of painful information are represented and processed by neurons in these regions and how their electrophysiological activities are related to fMRI signals. The current study aims to partially address this critical knowledge gap by performing fMRI-guided microelectrode mapping and recording studies in the homologous region of the parietal operculum in squirrel monkeys under light anesthesia. In each animal studied (n = 8), we detected mesoscale mini-networks for heat nociception in cortical regions around the lateral sulcus. Within the network, we discovered a ∼1.5 × 1.5-mm2-sized cortical patch that solely contained heat nociceptive neurons that aligned with the heat fMRI activation locus. These neurons responded slowly to thermal (heat and cold) nociceptive stimuli exclusively, continued firing for several seconds after the succession of stimulation, and exhibited multidigit receptive fields and high spontaneous firing rates. Similar to the fMRI responses, increasing temperatures in the nociceptive range led to a nonlinear increase in firing rates. The finding of a clustering of heat nociceptive neurons provides novel insights into the unique functional organization of thermal nociception in the S2 subregion of the primate brain. With fMRI, it supports the existence of a modality-preferred heat nociceptive patch that is spatially separated and intermingled with touch patches containing neurons with comparable receptive fields and the presence of functionally distinct mini-networks in primate opercular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ye
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pai-Feng Yang
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Barbara D Dillenburger
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert M Friedman
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Brcina N, Hohenfeld C, Heidbreder A, Mirzazade S, Krahe J, Wojtala J, Binkofski F, Schulz JB, Schiefer J, Reetz K, Dogan I. Increased neural motor activation and functional reorganization in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 92:76-82. [PMID: 34715608 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Altered brain activity and functional reorganization patterns during self-initiated movements have been reported in early pre-motor and motor stages of Parkinson's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether similar alterations can be observed in patients with idiopathic REM-sleep behavior disorder (RBD). METHODS 13 polysomnography-confirmed male and right-handed RBD patients and 13 healthy controls underwent a bilateral hand-movement fMRI task including internally selected (INT) and externally-guided (EXT) movement conditions for each hand. We examined functional activity and connectivity differences between groups and task-conditions, structural differences using voxel-based morphometry, as well as associations between functional activity and clinical variables. RESULTS No group differences were observed in fMRI-task performance or in voxel-based morphometry. Both groups showed faster reaction times and exhibited greater neural activation when movements were internally selected compared to externally-guided tasks. Compared to controls, RBD patients displayed stronger activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary somatosensory cortex during INT-tasks, and in the right fronto-insular cortex during EXT-tasks performed with the non-dominant hand. Stronger activation in RBD patients was associated with cognitive and olfactory impairment. Connectivity analysis demonstrated overall less interregional coupling in patients compared to controls. In particular, patients showed reduced temporo-cerebellar, occipito-cerebellar and intra-cerebellar connectivity, but stronger connectivity in fronto-cerebellar and fronto-occipital pathways. CONCLUSION The observed stronger activation during hand-movement tasks and connectivity changes in RBD may reflect early compensatory and reorganization patterns in order to preserve motor functioning. Our findings may contribute to a better understanding and prognosis of prodromal stages of α-synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolina Brcina
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Hohenfeld
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Heidbreder
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Medical University Innsbruck, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Shahram Mirzazade
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Janna Krahe
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Wojtala
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Binkofski
- Division for Clinical Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-4), Research Center Juelich GmbH, Germany
| | - Jörg B Schulz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Kathrin Reetz
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Imis Dogan
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Tödt I, Baumann A, Knutzen A, Granert O, Tzvi E, Lindert J, Wolff S, Witt K, Zeuner KE. Abnormal effective connectivity in the sensory network in writer's cramp. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102761. [PMID: 34298476 PMCID: PMC8378794 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Writer's cramp (WC), a task specific form of dystonia, is considered to be a motor network disorder, but abnormal sensory tactile processing has also been acknowledged. The sensory spatial discrimination threshold (SDT) can be determined with a spatial acuity test (JVP domes). In addition to increased SDT, patients with WC exhibited dysfunctional sensory processing in the sensory cortex, insula, basal ganglia and cerebellum in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study while performing the spatial acuity test. OBJECTIVES To assess whether effective connectivity (EC) in the sensory network including cortical, basal ganglia, thalamic and cerebellar regions of interest in WC patients is abnormal. METHODS We used fMRI and applied a block design, while 19 WC patients and 13 age-matched healthy controls performed a spatial discrimination task. Before we assessed EC using dynamic causal modelling, we compared three model structures based on the current literature. We enclosed regions of interest that are established for sensory processing during right hand stimulation: Left thalamus, somatosensory, parietal and insular cortex, posterior putamen, and right cerebellum. RESULTS The EC analysis revealed task-dependent decreased unidirectional connectivity between the insula and the posterior putamen. The connectivity involving the primary sensory cortex, parietal cortex and cerebellum were not abnormal in WC. The two groups showed no differences in their behavioural data. CONCLUSIONS Perception and integration of sensory information requires the exchange of information between the insula cortex and the putamen, a sensory process that was disturbed in WC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Tödt
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Germany.
| | | | - Arne Knutzen
- Department of Neurology, Kiel University, Germany
| | | | - Elinor Tzvi
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Julia Lindert
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - Karsten Witt
- Department of Neurology and Research Center Neurosensory Science, School of Medicine and Health Sciences - European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
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Hau J, S Kohli J, Shryock I, Kinnear MK, Schadler A, Müller RA, Carper RA. Supplementary and Premotor Aspects of the Corticospinal Tract Show Links with Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Middle-Aged Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:3962-3972. [PMID: 33791751 PMCID: PMC8258444 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show motor impairment into adulthood and risk decline during aging, but little is known about brain changes in aging adults with ASD. Few studies of ASD have directly examined the corticospinal tract (CST)-the major descending pathway in the brain responsible for voluntary motor behavior-outside its primary motor (M1) connections. In 26 middle-aged adults with ASD and 26 age-matched typical comparison participants, we used diffusion imaging to examine the microstructure and volume of CST projections from M1, dorsal premotor (PMd), supplementary motor area (SMA), and primary somatosensory (S1) cortices with respect to age. We also examined relationships between each CST sub-tract (-cst), motor skills, and autism symptoms. We detected no significant group or age-related differences in tracts extending from M1 or other areas. However, sub-tracts of the CST extending from secondary (but not primary) motor areas were associated with core autism traits. Increased microstructural integrity of left PMd-cst and SMA-cst were associated with less-severe restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in the ASD group. These findings suggest that secondary motor cortical areas, known to be involved in selecting motor programs, may be implicated in cognitive motor processes underlying RRB in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Hau
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Jiwandeep S Kohli
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Ian Shryock
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Mikaela K Kinnear
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Adam Schadler
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Ralph-Axel Müller
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Ruth A Carper
- Brain Development Imaging Laboratories, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
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Guerreiro MJS, Linke M, Lingareddy S, Kekunnaya R, Röder B. The effect of congenital blindness on resting-state functional connectivity revisited. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12433. [PMID: 34127748 PMCID: PMC8203782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) between 'visual' and non-'visual' neural circuits has been reported as a hallmark of congenital blindness. In sighted individuals, RSFC between visual and non-visual brain regions has been shown to increase during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. To determine the role of visual experience on the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition-as well as to evaluate the effect of resting state condition on group differences in RSFC-, we compared RSFC between visual and somatosensory/auditory regions in congenitally blind individuals (n = 9) and sighted participants (n = 9) during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. In the sighted group, we replicated the increase of RSFC between visual and non-visual areas during rest with eyes closed relative to rest with eyes open. This was not the case in the congenitally blind group, resulting in a lower RSFC between 'visual' and non-'visual' circuits relative to sighted controls only in the eyes closed condition. These results indicate that visual experience is necessary for the modulation of RSFC by resting state condition and highlight the importance of considering whether sighted controls should be tested with eyes open or closed in studies of functional brain reorganization as a consequence of blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J S Guerreiro
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, Carl Von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Madita Linke
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sunitha Lingareddy
- Department of Radiology, Lucid Medical Diagnostics, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500082, India
| | - Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Child Sight Institute, Jasti V. Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Strabismus, and Neuro-Ophthalmology, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Hyderabad, Telengana, 500034, India
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, Institute for Psychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Park J, Choi W, Tiesmeyer S, Long B, Borm LE, Garren E, Nguyen TN, Tasic B, Codeluppi S, Graf T, Schlesner M, Stegle O, Eils R, Ishaque N. Cell segmentation-free inference of cell types from in situ transcriptomics data. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3545. [PMID: 34112806 PMCID: PMC8192952 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques have enabled cell-type identification, linking transcriptional heterogeneity with spatial heterogeneity of cells. However, inaccurate cell segmentation reduces the efficacy of cell-type identification and tissue characterization. Here, we present a method called Spot-based Spatial cell-type Analysis by Multidimensional mRNA density estimation (SSAM), a robust cell segmentation-free computational framework for identifying cell-types and tissue domains in 2D and 3D. SSAM is applicable to a variety of in situ transcriptomics techniques and capable of integrating prior knowledge of cell types. We apply SSAM to three mouse brain tissue images: the somatosensory cortex imaged by osmFISH, the hypothalamic preoptic region by MERFISH, and the visual cortex by multiplexed smFISH. Here, we show that SSAM detects regions occupied by known cell types that were previously missed and discovers new cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongbin Park
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and System Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wonyl Choi
- Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Tiesmeyer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian Long
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lars E Borm
- Division of molecular neurobiology, Department of medical biochemistry and biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Garren
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Simone Codeluppi
- Division of molecular neurobiology, Department of medical biochemistry and biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Graf
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Bioinformatics and Omics Data Analytics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Division of Computational Genomics and System Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Kapelle-Ufer 2, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Teh K, Wilkinson ID, Heiberg-Gibbons F, Awadh M, Kelsall A, Pallai S, Sloan G, Tesfaye S, Selvarajah D. Somatosensory network functional connectivity differentiates clinical pain phenotypes in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1412-1421. [PMID: 33768284 PMCID: PMC8099810 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05416-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this work was to investigate whether different clinical pain phenotypes of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) are distinguished by functional connectivity at rest. METHODS This was an observational, cohort study of 43 individuals with painful DPN, divided into irritable (IR, n = 10) and non-irritable (NIR, n = 33) nociceptor phenotypes using the German Research Network of Neuropathic Pain quantitative sensory testing protocol. In-situ brain MRI included 3D T1-weighted anatomical and 6 min resting-state functional MRI scans. Subgroup differences in resting-state functional connectivity in brain regions involved with somatic (thalamus, primary somatosensory cortex, motor cortex) and non-somatic (insular and anterior cingulate cortices) pain processing were examined. Multidimensional reduction of MRI datasets was performed using a machine-learning approach to classify individuals into each clinical pain phenotype. RESULTS Individuals with the IR nociceptor phenotype had significantly greater thalamic-insular cortex (p false discovery rate [FDR] = 0.03) and reduced thalamus-somatosensory cortex functional connectivity (p-FDR = 0.03). We observed a double dissociation such that self-reported neuropathic pain score was more associated with greater thalamus-insular cortex functional connectivity (r = 0.41; p = 0.01) whereas more severe nerve function deficits were more related to lower thalamus-somatosensory cortex functional connectivity (r = -0.35; p = 0.03). Machine-learning group classification performance to identify individuals with the NIR nociceptor phenotype achieved an accuracy of 0.92 (95% CI 0.08) and sensitivity of 90%. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates differences in functional connectivity in nociceptive processing brain regions between IR and NIR phenotypes in painful DPN. We also establish proof of concept for the utility of multimodal MRI as a biomarker for painful DPN by using a machine-learning approach to classify individuals into sensory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Teh
- Academic Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Mohammed Awadh
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alan Kelsall
- Diabetes Research Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Shillo Pallai
- Diabetes Research Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gordon Sloan
- Diabetes Research Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Solomon Tesfaye
- Diabetes Research Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Dinesh Selvarajah
- Department of Oncology and Human Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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Fang F, Luo Q, Ge RB, Lai MY, Gong YJ, Kang M, Ma MM, Zhang L, Li Y, Wang YF, Peng YD. Decreased Microstructural Integrity of the Central Somatosensory Tracts in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:1566-1575. [PMID: 33711158 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Although diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is predominantly considered a disorder of the peripheral nerves, some evidence for central nervous system involvement has recently emerged. However, whether or to what extent the microstructure of central somatosensory tracts may be injured remains unknown. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to detect the microstructure of central somatosensory tracts in type 2 diabetic patients and to correlate it with the severity of DPN. METHODS A case-control study at a tertiary referral hospital took place with 57 individuals with type 2 diabetes (25 with DPN, 32 without DPN) and 33 nondiabetic controls. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of 2 major somatosensory tracts (the spinothalamic tract and its thalamocortical [spino-thalamo-cortical, STC] pathway, the medial lemniscus and its thalamocortical [medial lemnisco-thalamo-cortical, MLTC] pathway) were assessed based on diffusion tensor tractography. Regression models were further applied to detect the association of FA values with the severity of DPN in diabetic patients. RESULTS The mean FA values of left STC and left MLTC pathways were significantly lower in patients with DPN than those without DPN and controls. Moreover, FA values of left STC and left MLTC pathways were significantly associated with the severity of DPN (expressed as Toronto Clinical Scoring System values) in patients after adjusting for multiple confounders. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated the axonal degeneration of central somatosensory tracts in type 2 diabetic patients with DPN. The parallel disease progression of the intracranial and extracranial somatosensory system merits further attention to the central nerves in diabetic patients with DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ren-Bin Ge
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yu Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jia Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Kang
- Clinical Research Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Disease, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Fan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-De Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Shibahara I, Sato S, Hide T, Saito R, Kanamori M, Sonoda Y, Tominaga T, Kumabe T. Postcentral gyrus resection of opercular gliomas is a risk factor for motor deficits caused by damaging the radiologically invisible arteries supplying the descending motor pathway. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:1269-1278. [PMID: 33537863 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04737-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postoperative motor deficits are among the worst morbidities of glioma surgery. We aim to investigate factors associated with postoperative motor deficits in patients with frontoparietal opercular gliomas. METHODS Thirty-four patients with frontoparietal opercular gliomas were retrospectively investigated. We examined the postoperative ischemic changes and locations obtained from MRI. RESULTS Twenty-one patients (62%) presented postoperative ischemic changes. Postoperative MRI was featured with ischemic changes, all located at the subcortical area of the resection cavity. Six patients had postoperative motor deficits, whereas 28 patients did not. Compared to those without motor deficits, those with motor deficits were associated with old age, pre- and postcentral gyri resection, and postcentral gyrus resection (P = 0.023, 0,024, and 0.0060, respectively). A merged image of the resected cavity and T1-weighted brain atlas of the Montreal Neurological Institute showed that a critical area for postoperative motor deficits is the origin of the long insular arteries (LIAs) and the postcentral gyrus. Detail anatomical architecture created by the Human Connectome Project database and T2-weighted images showed that the subcortical area of the operculum of the postcentral gyrus is where the medullary arteries supply, and the motor pathways originated from the precentral gyrus run. CONCLUSIONS We verified that the origin of the LIAs could damage the descending motor pathways during the resection of frontoparietal opercular gliomas. Also, we identified that motor pathways run the subcortical area of the operculum of the postcentral gyrus, indicating that the postcentral gyrus is an unrecognized area of damaging the descending motor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiyo Shibahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Sumito Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takuichiro Hide
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sonoda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kumabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
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Scheulin KM, Jurgielewicz BJ, Spellicy SE, Waters ES, Baker EW, Kinder HA, Simchick GA, Sneed SE, Grimes JA, Zhao Q, Stice SL, West FD. Exploring the predictive value of lesion topology on motor function outcomes in a porcine ischemic stroke model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3814. [PMID: 33589720 PMCID: PMC7884696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the maximum diagnostic potential of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by including stroke lesion location in relation to specific structures that are associated with particular functions will likely increase the potential to predict functional deficit type, severity, and recovery in stroke patients. This exploratory study aims to identify key structures lesioned by a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) that impact stroke recovery and to strengthen the predictive capacity of neuroimaging techniques that characterize stroke outcomes in a translational porcine model. Clinically relevant MRI measures showed significant lesion volumes, midline shifts, and decreased white matter integrity post-MCAO. Using a pig brain atlas, damaged brain structures included the insular cortex, somatosensory cortices, temporal gyri, claustrum, and visual cortices, among others. MCAO resulted in severely impaired spatiotemporal gait parameters, decreased voluntary movement in open field testing, and higher modified Rankin Scale scores at acute timepoints. Pearson correlation analyses at acute timepoints between standard MRI metrics (e.g., lesion volume) and functional outcomes displayed moderate R values to functional gait outcomes. Moreover, Pearson correlation analyses showed higher R values between functional gait deficits and increased lesioning of structures associated with motor function, such as the putamen, globus pallidus, and primary somatosensory cortex. This correlation analysis approach helped identify neuroanatomical structures predictive of stroke outcomes and may lead to the translation of this topological analysis approach from preclinical stroke assessment to a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Samantha E Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Waters
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Holly A Kinder
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gregory A Simchick
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sydney E Sneed
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Janet A Grimes
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Qun Zhao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Aruna Bio Inc, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
- Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, Neuroscience Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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Tarumi T, Tomoto T, Repshas J, Wang C, Hynan LS, Cullum CM, Zhu DC, Zhang R. Midlife aerobic exercise and brain structural integrity: Associations with age and cardiorespiratory fitness. Neuroimage 2021; 225:117512. [PMID: 33130274 PMCID: PMC8743271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower midlife physical activity is associated with higher risk of neurodegenerative disease in late life. However, it remains unknown whether physical exercise and fitness are associated with brain structural integrity during midlife. The purpose of this study was to compare brain structures between middle-aged aerobically trained adults (MA), middle-aged sedentary (MS), and young sedentary (YS) adults. Thirty MA (54±4 years), 30 MS (54±4 years), and 30 YS (32±6 years) participants (50% women) underwent measurements of brain volume, cortical thickness, and white matter (WM) fiber integrity using MRI. MA participants had aerobic training for 24.8±9.6 years and the highest cardiorespiratory fitness level (i.e., peak oxygen uptake: VO2peak) among all groups. Global WM integrity, as assessed with fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion tensor imaging, was lower in the MS compared with the YS group. However, global FA in the MA group was significantly higher than that in the MS group (P<0.05) and at a similar level to the YS group. Furthermore, tract-based spatial statistical analysis demonstrated that FA in the anterior, superior, and limbic WM tracts (e.g., the genu of the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus) was higher in the MA compared with MS groups, and positively associated with VO2peak, independently from age and sex. From cortical thickness analysis, MS and MA participants showed thinner prefrontal and parieto-temporal areas than the YS group. On the other hand, the MA group exhibited thicker precentral, postcentral, pericalcarine, and lateral occipital cortices than the MS and YS groups. But, the insula and right superior frontal gyrus showed thinner cortical thickness in the MA compared with the MS groups. Collectively, these findings suggest that midlife aerobic exercise is associated with higher WM integrity and greater primary motor and somatosensory cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Tomoto
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
| | - Justin Repshas
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
| | - Ciwen Wang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
| | - Linda S Hynan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, 220 Trowbridge Rd, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 7232 Greenville Ave, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Lötsch J, Oertel BG, Felden L, Nöth U, Deichmann R, Hummel T, Walter C. Central encoding of the strength of intranasal chemosensory trigeminal stimuli in a human experimental pain setting. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:5240-5254. [PMID: 32870583 PMCID: PMC7670645 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An important measure in pain research is the intensity of nociceptive stimuli and their cortical representation. However, there is evidence of different cerebral representations of nociceptive stimuli, including the fact that cortical areas recruited during processing of intranasal nociceptive chemical stimuli included those outside the traditional trigeminal areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the major cerebral representations of stimulus intensity associated with intranasal chemical trigeminal stimulation. Trigeminal stimulation was achieved with carbon dioxide presented to the nasal mucosa. Using a single-blinded, randomized crossover design, 24 subjects received nociceptive stimuli with two different stimulation paradigms, depending on the just noticeable differences in the stimulus strengths applied. Stimulus-related brain activations were recorded using functional magnetic resonance imaging with event-related design. Brain activations increased significantly with increasing stimulus intensity, with the largest cluster at the right Rolandic operculum and a global maximum in a smaller cluster at the left lower frontal orbital lobe. Region of interest analyses additionally supported an activation pattern correlated with the stimulus intensity at the piriform cortex as an area of special interest with the trigeminal input. The results support the piriform cortex, in addition to the secondary somatosensory cortex, as a major area of interest for stimulus strength-related brain activation in pain models using trigeminal stimuli. This makes both areas a primary objective to be observed in human experimental pain settings where trigeminal input is used to study effects of analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Lötsch
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGoethe – UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Bruno G. Oertel
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGoethe – UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Lisa Felden
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGoethe – UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Ulrike Nöth
- Brain Imaging CenterGoethe – UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging CenterGoethe – UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of OtorhinolaryngologyTU DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Carmen Walter
- Institute of Clinical PharmacologyGoethe – UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEBranch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMPFrankfurt am MainGermany
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Shearrer GE, Sadler JR, Papantoni A, Burger KS. Earlier onset of menstruation is related to increased body mass index in adulthood and altered functional correlations between visual, task control and somatosensory brain networks. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12891. [PMID: 32939874 PMCID: PMC8045982 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Later onset of puberty has been associated with lower body mass index (BMI) in adulthood independent of childhood BMI. However, how the relationship between time of onset of puberty and BMI in adulthood is associated with neurocognitive outcomes is largely unstudied. In the present study, women were sampled from the Human Connectome Project 1200 parcellation, timeseries and netmats1 release (PTN) release. Inclusion criteria were: four (15 minutes) resting state fMRI scans, current measured BMI, self-reported age at onset of menstruation (a proxy of age at onset of puberty) and no endocrine complications (eg, polycystic ovarian syndrome). The effect of age at onset of menstruation, measured BMI at scan date and the interaction of age at onset of menstruation by BMI on brain functional correlation was modelled using fslnets (https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fslwiki/FSLNets) controlling for race and age at scan. Corrected significance was set at a family-wise error probability (pFWE) < 0.05. A final sample of n = 510 (age 29.5 years ± 3.6, BMI at scan 25.9 ± 5.6 and age at onset of menstruation 12.7 ± 1.6 were included. Age at onset of menstruation was negatively associated with BMI at scan (r = - 0.19, P < 0.001). The interaction between age at onset of menstruation and BMI at scan was associated with stronger correlation between a somatosensory and visual network (t = 3.45, pFWE = 0.026) and a visual network and cingulo-opercular task control network (t = 4.74, pFWE = 0.0002). Post-hoc analyses of behavioural/cognitive measures showed no effect of the interaction between BMI and age at onset of menstruation on behavioural/cognitive measures. However, post-hoc analyses of heritability showed adult BMI and the correlation between the visual and somatosensory networks have high heritability. In sum, we report increased correlation between visual, taste-associated and self-control brain regions in women at high BMI with later age at onset of menstruation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Shearrer
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer R Sadler
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Afroditi Papantoni
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kyle S Burger
- Department of Nutritional Science, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Biomedical Research Imaging Institute, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Fateh AA, Cui Q, Duan X, Yang Y, Chen Y, Li D, He Z, Chen H. Disrupted dynamic functional connectivity in right amygdalar subregions differentiates bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 304:111149. [PMID: 32738725 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding being the object of a growing field of clinical research, the investigation of the dynamic resting-state functional connectivity alterations in psychiatric illnesses is still in its early days. Current research on major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) has evidenced abnormal resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC), especially in regions subserving emotional processing and regulation such as the amygdala. However, dynamic changes in functional connectivity within the amygdalar subregions in distinguishing BD and MDD has not yet been fully understood. In this paper, we aim at analyzing the patterns characterizing dynamic FC (dFC) in the right amygdala to investigate the differences between similarly depressed BD and MDD. A number of 40 BD patients, 61 MDD patients and 63 healthy controls (HCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at rest. Using the right-amygdala as seed region, we compared the dFC within three subdivisions, namely, laterobasal (LB), centromedial (CM) and superficial (SF) between all the groups. To do so, one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc t-tests were employed. Compared to HCs, patients with BD had a decreased dFC between right LB and the left postcentral gyrus as well as an increased dFC between right CM and the right cerebellum.Compared to BD patients, patients with MDD showed a decreased dFC between right CM and the cerebellum and an increased dFC between right LB and the left postcentral gyrus. These findings present initial evidence that abnormal patterns of the right-amygdalar subregions shared by BD and MDD supports the differential pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ameen Fateh
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Cui
- School of Public Affairs and Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xujun Duan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyan Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongling He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huafu Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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40
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Duarte D, Bauer CCC, Pinto CB, Saleh Velez FG, Estudillo-Guerra MA, Pacheco-Barrios K, Gunduz ME, Crandell D, Merabet L, Fregni F. Cortical plasticity in phantom limb pain: A fMRI study on the neural correlates of behavioral clinical manifestations. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 304:111151. [PMID: 32738724 PMCID: PMC9394643 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The neural mechanism of phantom limb pain (PLP) is related to the intense brain reorganization process implicating plasticity after deafferentation mostly in sensorimotor system. There is a limited understanding of the association between the sensorimotor system and PLP. We used a novel task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approach to (1) assess neural activation within a-priori selected regions-of-interested (motor cortex [M1], somatosensory cortex [S1], and visual cortex [V1]), (2) quantify the cortical representation shift in the affected M1, and (3) correlate these changes with baseline clinical characteristics. In a sample of 18 participants, we found a significantly increased activity in M1 and S1 as well as a shift in motor cortex representation that was not related to PLP intensity. In an exploratory analyses (not corrected for multiple comparisons), they were directly correlated with time since amputation; and there was an association between increased activity in M1 with a lack of itching sensation and V1 activation was negatively correlated with PLP. Longer periods of amputation lead to compensatory changes in sensory-motor areas; and itching seems to be a protective marker for less signal changes. We confirmed that PLP intensity is not associated with signal changes in M1 and S1 but in V1.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Duarte
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University. 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - C C C Bauer
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, MIT. 43 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus UNAM 3001, 76230 Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, México; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, 805 Columbus Avenue, Boston, MA 02139, USA.
| | - C B Pinto
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - F G Saleh Velez
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; University of Chicago Medical Center, Department of Neurology, University of Chicago. 5841 S Maryland Ave # C411, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - M A Estudillo-Guerra
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - K Pacheco-Barrios
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud. Lima, Peru. Av. La Fontana 750 Edificio El Cubo, La Molina - Perú
| | - M E Gunduz
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - D Crandell
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - L Merabet
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School. 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - F Fregni
- Spaulding Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 96 13th Street, Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Piras F, Vecchio D, Ciullo V, Gili T, Banaj N, Piras F, Spalletta G. Sense of external agency is sustained by multisensory functional integration in the somatosensory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4024-4040. [PMID: 32667099 PMCID: PMC7469779 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
"Sense of agency" (SoA), the feeling of control for events caused by one's own actions, is deceived by visuomotor incongruence. Sensorimotor networks are implicated in SoA, however little evidence exists on brain functionality during agency processing. Concurrently, it has been suggested that the brain's intrinsic resting-state (rs) activity has a preliminary influence on processing of agency cues. Here, we investigated the relation between performance in an agency attribution task and functional interactions among brain regions as derived by network analysis of rs functional magnetic resonance imaging. The action-effect delay was adaptively increased (range 90-1,620 ms) and behavioral measures correlated to indices of cognitive processes and appraised self-concepts. They were then regressed on local metrics of rs brain functional connectivity as to isolate the core areas enabling self-agency. Across subjects, the time window for self-agency was 90-625 ms, while the action-effect integration was impacted by self-evaluated personality traits. Neurally, the brain intrinsic organization sustaining consistency in self-agency attribution was characterized by high connectiveness in the secondary visual cortex, and regional segregation in the primary somatosensory area. Decreased connectiveness in the secondary visual area, regional segregation in the superior parietal lobule, and information control within a primary visual cortex-frontal eye fields network sustained self-agency over long-delayed effects. We thus demonstrate that self-agency is grounded on the intrinsic mode of brain function designed to organize information for visuomotor integration. Our observation is relevant for current models of psychopathology in clinical conditions in which both rs activity and sense of agency are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Valentina Ciullo
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Tommaso Gili
- Networks Unit, IMT School for Advanced StudiesLuccaItaly
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry LaboratoryIRCCS Santa Lucia FoundationRomeItaly
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Abstract
Following arm amputation the region that represented the missing hand in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) becomes deprived of its primary input, resulting in changed boundaries of the S1 body map. This remapping process has been termed 'reorganisation' and has been attributed to multiple mechanisms, including increased expression of previously masked inputs. In a maladaptive plasticity model, such reorganisation has been associated with phantom limb pain (PLP). Brain activity associated with phantom hand movements is also correlated with PLP, suggesting that preserved limb functional representation may serve as a complementary process. Here we review some of the most recent evidence for the potential drivers and consequences of brain (re)organisation following amputation, based on human neuroimaging. We emphasise other perceptual and behavioural factors consequential to arm amputation, such as non-painful phantom sensations, perceived limb ownership, intact hand compensatory behaviour or prosthesis use, which have also been related to both cortical changes and PLP. We also discuss new findings based on interventions designed to alter the brain representation of the phantom limb, including augmented/virtual reality applications and brain computer interfaces. These studies point to a close interaction of sensory changes and alterations in brain regions involved in body representation, pain processing and motor control. Finally, we review recent evidence based on methodological advances such as high field neuroimaging and multivariate techniques that provide new opportunities to interrogate somatosensory representations in the missing hand cortical territory. Collectively, this research highlights the need to consider potential contributions of additional brain mechanisms, beyond S1 remapping, and the dynamic interplay of contextual factors with brain changes for understanding and alleviating PLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar R Makin
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Herta Flor
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany; Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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43
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Shim H, Lee J, Kim S. BOLD fMRI and hemodynamic responses to somatosensory stimulation in anesthetized mice: spontaneous breathing vs. mechanical ventilation. NMR Biomed 2020; 33:e4311. [PMID: 32297409 PMCID: PMC7317444 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mouse functional MRI (fMRI) has been of great interest due to the abundance of transgenic models. Due to a mouse's small size, spontaneous breathing has often been used. Because the vascular physiology affecting fMRI might not be controlled normally, its effects on functional responses were investigated with optical intrinsic signal (OIS) imaging and 9.4 T BOLD fMRI. Three conditions were tested in C57BL/6 mice: spontaneous breathing under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia (KX), mechanical ventilation under KX, and mechanical ventilation under isoflurane. Spontaneous breathing under KX induced an average pCO2 of 83 mmHg, whereas a mechanical ventilation condition achieved a pCO2 of 37-41 mmHg within a physiological range. The baseline diameter of arterial and venous vessels was only 7%-9% larger with spontaneous breathing than with mechanical ventilation under KX, but it was much smaller than that in normocapnic isoflurane-anesthetized mice. Three major functional studies were performed. First, CBV-weighted OIS and arterial dilations to 4-second forepaw stimulation were rapid and larger at normocapnia than hypercapnia under KX, but very small under isoflurane. Second, CBV-weighted OIS and arterial dilations by vasodilator acetazolamide were measured for investigating vascular reactivity and were larger in the normocapnic condition than in the hypercapnic condition under KX. Third, evoked OIS and BOLD fMRI responses in the contralateral mouse somatosensory cortex to 20-second forepaw stimulation were faster and larger in the mechanical ventilation than spontaneous breathing. BOLD fMRI peaked at the end of the 20-second stimulation under hypercapnic spontaneous breathing, and at ~9 seconds under mechanical ventilation. The peak amplitude of BOLD fMRI was 2.2% at hypercapnia and ~3.4% at normocapnia. Overall, spontaneous breathing induces sluggish reduced hemodynamic and fMRI responses, but it is still viable for KX anesthesia due to its simplicity, noninvasiveness, and well-localized BOLD activity in the somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun‐Ji Shim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR)Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06355Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyeol Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR)Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Seong‐Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR)Institute for Basic Science (IBS)Suwon16419Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHSTSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul06355Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
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Rosenthal ZP, Raut RV, Yan P, Koko D, Kraft AW, Czerniewski L, Acland B, Mitra A, Snyder LH, Bauer AQ, Snyder AZ, Culver JP, Raichle ME, Lee JM. Local Perturbations of Cortical Excitability Propagate Differentially Through Large-Scale Functional Networks. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3352-3369. [PMID: 32043145 PMCID: PMC7305790 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological recordings have established that GABAergic interneurons regulate excitability, plasticity, and computational function within local neural circuits. Importantly, GABAergic inhibition is focally disrupted around sites of brain injury. However, it remains unclear whether focal imbalances in inhibition/excitation lead to widespread changes in brain activity. Here, we test the hypothesis that focal perturbations in excitability disrupt large-scale brain network dynamics. We used viral chemogenetics in mice to reversibly manipulate parvalbumin interneuron (PV-IN) activity levels in whisker barrel somatosensory cortex. We then assessed how this imbalance affects cortical network activity in awake mice using wide-field optical neuroimaging of pyramidal neuron GCaMP dynamics as well as local field potential recordings. We report 1) that local changes in excitability can cause remote, network-wide effects, 2) that these effects propagate differentially through intra- and interhemispheric connections, and 3) that chemogenetic constructs can induce plasticity in cortical excitability and functional connectivity. These findings may help to explain how focal activity changes following injury lead to widespread network dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary P Rosenthal
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ryan V Raut
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deima Koko
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew W Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Leah Czerniewski
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Benjamin Acland
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anish Mitra
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lawrence H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Abraham Z Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joseph P Culver
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Physics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marcus E Raichle
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jin-Moo Lee
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Abstract
The dog rhinarium (naked and often moist skin on the nose-tip) is prominent and richly innervated, suggesting a sensory function. Compared to nose-tips of herbivorous artio- and perissodactyla, carnivoran rhinaria are considerably colder. We hypothesized that this coldness makes the dog rhinarium particularly sensitive to radiating heat. We trained three dogs to distinguish between two distant objects based on radiating heat; the neutral object was about ambient temperature, the warm object was about the same surface temperature as a furry mammal. In addition, we employed functional magnetic resonance imaging on 13 awake dogs, comparing the responses to heat stimuli of about the same temperatures as in the behavioural experiment. The warm stimulus elicited increased neural response in the left somatosensory association cortex. Our results demonstrate a hitherto undiscovered sensory modality in a carnivoran species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bálint
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Mammalian Rhinarium Group, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Ethology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Andics
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Ethology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE “Lendület” Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Gácsi
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Ethology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Gábor
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Ethology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-ELTE “Lendület” Neuroethology of Communication Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Czeibert
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Ethology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chelsey M. Luce
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Mammalian Rhinarium Group, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- University of Bremen, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ádám Miklósi
- MTA-ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Ethology, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ronald H. H. Kröger
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Mammalian Rhinarium Group, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
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Mailleux L, Franki I, Emsell L, Peedima ML, Fehrenbach A, Feys H, Ortibus E. The relationship between neuroimaging and motor outcome in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review-Part B diffusion imaging and tractography. Res Dev Disabil 2020; 97:103569. [PMID: 31901671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) is able to detect, localize and quantify subtle brain white matter abnormalities that may not be visible on conventional structural MRI. Over the past years, a growing number of studies have applied dMRI to investigate structure-function relationships in children with cerebral palsy (CP). AIMS To provide an overview of the recent literature on dMRI and motor function in children with CP. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials, Cinahl and Web of Science from 2012 onwards. RESULTS In total, 577 children with CP in 19 studies were included. Sixteen studies only included unilateral CP, while none included dyskinetic CP. Most studies focused on specific regions/tracts of interest (n = 17) versus two studies that investigated the whole brain. In unilateral and bilateral CP, white matter abnormalities were widespread including non-motor areas. In unilateral CP, consistent relationships were found between white matter integrity of the corticospinal tract and somatosensory pathways (e.g. thalamocortical projections, medial lemniscus) with upper limb sensorimotor function. The role of commissural and associative tracts remains poorly investigated. Also results describing structure-function relationships in bilateral CP are scarce (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS This review underlines the importance of both the motor and somatosensory tracts for upper limb sensorimotor function in unilateral CP. However, the exact contribution of each tract requires further exploration. In addition, research on the relevance of non-motor pathways is warranted, as well as studies including other types of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Mailleux
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; Centre For Developmental Disabilities, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Inge Franki
- KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Pellenberg, Cerebral Palsy Reference Centre, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Louise Emsell
- KU Leuven, Translational MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Geriatric Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anna Fehrenbach
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Feys
- KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Ortibus
- Centre For Developmental Disabilities, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Campus Pellenberg, Cerebral Palsy Reference Centre, Leuven, Belgium
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Kilteni K, Ehrsson HH. Functional Connectivity between the Cerebellum and Somatosensory Areas Implements the Attenuation of Self-Generated Touch. J Neurosci 2020; 40:894-906. [PMID: 31811029 PMCID: PMC6975290 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1732-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1970s, numerous behavioral studies have shown that self-generated touch feels less intense and less ticklish than the same touch applied externally. Computational motor control theories have suggested that cerebellar internal models predict the somatosensory consequences of our movements and that these predictions attenuate the perception of the actual touch. Despite this influential theoretical framework, little is known about the neural basis of this predictive attenuation. This is due to the limited number of neuroimaging studies, the presence of conflicting results about the role and the location of cerebellar activity, and the lack of behavioral measures accompanying the neural findings. Here, we combined psychophysics with fMRI to detect the neural processes underlying somatosensory attenuation in male and female healthy human participants. Activity in bilateral secondary somatosensory areas was attenuated when the touch was presented during a self-generated movement (self-generated touch) than in the absence of movement (external touch). An additional attenuation effect was observed in the cerebellum that is ipsilateral to the passive limb receiving the touch. Importantly, we further found that the degree of functional connectivity between the ipsilateral cerebellum and the contralateral primary and bilateral secondary somatosensory areas was linearly and positively related to the degree of behaviorally assessed attenuation; that is, the more participants perceptually attenuated their self-generated touches, the stronger this corticocerebellar coupling. Collectively, these results suggest that the ipsilateral cerebellum is fundamental in predicting self-generated touch and that this structure implements somatosensory attenuation via its functional connectivity with somatosensory areas.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When we touch our hand with the other, the resulting sensation feels less intense than when another person or a machine touches our hand with the same intensity. Early computational motor control theories have proposed that the cerebellum predicts and cancels the sensory consequences of our movements; however, the neural correlates of this cancelation remain unknown. By means of fMRI, we show that the more participants attenuate the perception of their self-generated touch, the stronger the functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the somatosensory cortical areas. This provides conclusive evidence about the role of the cerebellum in predicting the sensory feedback of our movements and in attenuating the associated percepts via its connections to early somatosensory areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H Henrik Ehrsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
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48
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Wang S, Gong G, Zhong S, Duan J, Yin Z, Chang M, Wei S, Jiang X, Zhou Y, Tang Y, Wang F. Neurobiological commonalities and distinctions among 3 major psychiatric disorders: a graph theoretical analysis of the structural connectome. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2020; 45:15-22. [PMID: 31368294 PMCID: PMC6919917 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter network alterations have increasingly been implicated in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to identify shared and distinct white matter network alterations among the 3 disorders. METHODS We used analysis of covariance, with age and gender as covariates, to investigate white matter network alterations in 123 patients with schizophrenia, 123 with bipolar disorder, 124 with major depressive disorder and 209 healthy controls. RESULTS We found significant group differences in global network efficiency (F = 3.386, p = 0.018), nodal efficiency (F = 8.015, p < 0.001 corrected for false discovery rate [FDR]) and nodal degree (F = 5.971, pFDR < 0.001) in the left middle occipital gyrus, as well as nodal efficiency (F = 6.930, pFDR < 0.001) and nodal degree (F = 5.884, pFDR < 0.001) in the left postcentral gyrus. We found no significant alterations in patients with major depressive disorder. Post hoc analyses revealed that compared with healthy controls, patients in the schizophrenia and bipolar disorder groups showed decreased global network efficiency, nodal efficiency and nodal degree in the left middle occipital gyrus. Furthermore, patients in the schizophrenia group showed decreased nodal efficiency and nodal degree in the left postcentral gyrus compared with healthy controls. LIMITATIONS Our findings could have been confounded in part by treatment differences. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate graded white matter network alterations across the 3 disorders, enhancing our understanding of shared and distinct pathophysiological mechanisms across diagnoses and providing vital insights into neuroimaging-based methods for diagnosis and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Gaolang Gong
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Suyu Zhong
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Jia Duan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Miao Chang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Shengnan Wei
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Yifang Zhou
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Yanqing Tang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
| | - Fei Wang
- From the Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Yin, Tang, F. Wang); the State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China (Gong, Zhong); the Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Chang, Wei, Jiang, F. Wang); the Brain Function Research Section, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (S. Wang, Duan, Chang, Wei, Jiang, Zhou, Tang, F. Wang); and the Department of Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (Zhou, Tang)
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49
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Abstract
Topographic sensory maps are a prominent feature of the adult primate brain. Here, we asked whether topographic representations of the body are present at birth. Using functional MRI (fMRI), we find that the newborn somatomotor system, spanning frontoparietal cortex and subcortex, comprises multiple topographic representations of the body. The organization of these large-scale body maps was indistinguishable from those in older monkeys. Finer-scale differentiation of individual fingers increased over the first 2 y, suggesting that topographic representations are refined during early development. Last, we found that somatomotor representations were unchanged in 2 visually impaired monkeys who relied on touch for interacting with their environment, demonstrating that massive shifts in early sensory experience in an otherwise anatomically intact brain are insufficient for driving cross-modal plasticity. We propose that a topographic scaffolding is present at birth that both directs and constrains experience-driven modifications throughout somatosensory and motor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Arcaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Peter F Schade
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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50
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Mancini F, Wang AP, Schira MM, Isherwood ZJ, McAuley JH, Iannetti GD, Sereno MI, Moseley GL, Rae CD. Fine-Grained Mapping of Cortical Somatotopies in Chronic Complex Regional Pain Syndrome. J Neurosci 2019; 39:9185-9196. [PMID: 31570533 PMCID: PMC6855684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2005-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that severe chronic pain conditions, such as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), are not only associated with, but even maintained by a reorganization of the somatotopic representation of the affected limb in primary somatosensory cortex (S1). This notion has driven treatments that aim to restore S1 representations in CRPS patients, such as sensory discrimination training and mirror therapy. However, this notion is based on both indirect and incomplete evidence obtained with imaging methods with low spatial resolution. Here, we used fMRI to characterize the S1 representation of the affected and unaffected hand in humans (of either sex) with unilateral CRPS. The cortical area, location, and geometry of the S1 representation of the CRPS hand were largely comparable with those of both the unaffected hand and healthy controls. We found no differential relation between affected versus unaffected hand map measures and clinical measures (pain severity, upper limb disability, disease duration). Thus, if any map reorganization occurs, it does not appear to be directly related to pain and disease severity. These findings compel us to reconsider the cortical mechanisms underlying CRPS and the rationale for interventions that aim to "restore" somatotopic representations to treat pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This study shows that the spatial map of the fingers in somatosensory cortex is largely preserved in chronic complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). These findings challenge the treatment rationale for restoring somatotopic representations in complex regional pain syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Mancini
- Computational and Biological Learning, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom,
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey P Wang
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Mark M Schira
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Zoey J Isherwood
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - James H McAuley
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Giandomenico D Iannetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Neuroscience and Behaviour Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, and
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- IMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline D Rae
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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