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Tsutsuse KS, Vibell J, Sinnett S. EXPRESS: Multisensory Perception of Natural Versus Unnatural Motion. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 76:1233-1244. [PMID: 35658653 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221108251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that visual perception is influenced by Newtonian constraints. Kominsky et al. (2017) showed humans detect unnatural motion, where objects break Newtonian constraints by moving at a faster speed after colliding with another object, faster than collisions that do not violate Newtonian constraints. These findings show that the perceptual system distinguishes between realistic and unrealistic causal events. However, real world collisions are rarely silent. The present study extends this research by including sound at the collision point between two objects to evaluate how multisensory integration influences the perception of natural versus unnatural colliding events. Participants viewed an array of three simultaneous videos, each depicting two objects moving in a horizontal back and forth motion. Two of the videos showed the objects moving at the same speed while the third video was an oddball that either moved faster before the collision and slower after (natural target), or slower before the collision and faster after (unnatural target). A brief click was presented at the collision point of one or none of the videos. Participants were asked to indicate the oddball video via keypress. Replicating Kominsky et al. (2017), participants were faster when identifying unnatural target motion events compared to natural target motion events, both with and without sound. The findings also demonstrated lower accuracy rates for unnatural events compared to natural events, especially when a sound was added. These findings suggest that the addition of a sound could be distracting to participants, possibly due to limitations in attentional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Soma Tsutsuse
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2530 Dole Street Sakamaki D412, Honolulu, HI, 96822 3949
| | - Jonas Vibell
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2530 Dole Street Sakamaki D412, Honolulu, HI, 96822 3949
| | - Scott Sinnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa 2530 Dole Street Sakamaki D412, Honolulu, HI, 96822 3949
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Prominent gamma band activity during visual motion perception in early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266693. [PMID: 35436287 PMCID: PMC9015152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects multiple neural pathways and regions, resulting in various visual impairments such as motion perception. Generally, gamma-band activities during visual motion perception have been thought to reflect ongoing cognitive processes. Nevertheless, few studies have specifically examined induced gamma band activity during visual motion perception in AD patients. Therefore, after performing magnetoencephalography (MEG) recording during apparent motion (AM) stimulation for the left hemi-visual field in patients diagnosed as having AD in the early stage, we compared the results with findings of cognitive performance. Methods Seventeen AD patients in the early stage and 17 controls matched for age, sex, and educational attainment participated in this study. For each participant, memory performance was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R). For MEG analysis, we examined power changes induced in a higher frequency range (20–100 Hz) after AM stimuli. Results The power of induced gamma band activities was significantly higher in AD patients. The power of induced gamma band activities was associated with higher performance on both MMSE and WMS-R tests for attention and concentration in AD patients. Conclusions Given that neuronal dysfunction in AD is associated with excitotoxic neurodegeneration, and given that subsequent development of compensatory inhibitory mechanisms also contributes to pathology in AD patients, elevated gamma band oscillations might reflect an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory activity in AD patients. Moreover, positive correlation between induced gamma activity and cognitive performance might signify a compensating mechanism of inhibitory neurons which preserve the pyramidal neuron from excitotoxicity in a posterior association area.
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Piponnier JC, Forget R, Gagnon I, McKerral M, Giguère JF, Faubert J. First- and Second-Order Stimuli Reaction Time Measures Are Highly Sensitive to Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries. J Neurotrauma 2015; 33:242-53. [PMID: 25950948 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has subtle effects on several brain functions that can be difficult to assess and follow up. We investigated the impact of mTBI on the perception of sine-wave gratings defined by first- and second-order characteristics. Fifteen adults diagnosed with mTBI were assessed at 15 days, 3 months, and 12 months postinjury. Fifteen matched controls followed the same testing schedule. Reaction times (RTs) for flicker detection and motion direction discrimination were measured. Stimulus contrast of first- and second-order patterns was equated to control for visibility, and correct-response RT means, standard deviations (SDs), medians, and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were calculated. The level of symptoms was also evaluated to compare it to RT data. In general in mTBI, RTs were longer, and SDs as well as IQRs larger, than those of controls. In addition, mTBI participants' RTs to first-order stimuli were shorter than those to second-order stimuli, and SDs as well as IQRs larger for first- than for second-order stimuli in the motion condition. All these observations were made over the three sessions. The level of symptoms observed in mTBI was higher than that of control participants, and this difference did also persist up to 1 year after the brain injury, despite an improvement. The combination of RT measures with particular stimulus properties is a highly sensitive method for measuring mTBI-induced visuomotor anomalies and provides a fine probe of the underlying mechanisms when the brain is exposed to mild trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Piponnier
- 1 Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Forget
- 2 École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal , and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation du Montréal métropolitain, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Gagnon
- 3 Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center, and School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University , Montreal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michelle McKerral
- 4 Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire en réadaptation-Centre de réadaptation Lucie-Bruneau, and Département de psychologie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Giguère
- 5 Department of Surgery, Sacré-Coeur Hospital affiliated with Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- 1 Visual Psychophysics and Perception Laboratory, École d'Optométrie, Université de Montréal , Montréal, QC, Canada
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Khayat PS, Martinez-Trujillo JC. Effects of attention and distractor contrast on the responses of middle temporal area neurons to transient motion direction changes. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 41:1603-13. [PMID: 25885809 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability of primates to detect transient changes in a visual scene can be influenced by the allocation of attention, as well as by the presence of distractors. We investigated the neural substrates of these effects by recording the responses of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT) of two monkeys while they detected a transient motion direction change in a moving target. We found that positioning a distractor near the target impaired the change-detection performance of the animals. This impairment monotonically decreased as the distractor's contrast decreased. A neural correlate of this effect was a decrease in the ability of MT neurons to signal the direction change (detection sensitivity or DS) when a distractor was near the target, both located inside the neuron's receptive field. Moreover, decreasing distractor contrast increased neuronal DS. On the other hand, directing attention away from the target decreased neuronal DS. At the level of individual neurons, we found a negative correlation between the degree of response normalization and the DS. Finally, the intensity of a neuron's response to the change was predictive of the animal's reaction time, suggesting that the activity of our recorded neurons was linked to the animal's detection performance. Our results suggest that the ability of an MT neuron to signal a transient direction change is regulated by the degree of inhibitory drive into the cell. The presence of distractors, their contrast and the allocation of attention influence such inhibitory drive, therefore modulating the ability of the neurons to signal transient changes in stimulus features and consequently behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Khayat
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Prom. Sir. W. Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julio C Martinez-Trujillo
- Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Prom. Sir. W. Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Styliadis C, Ioannides AA, Bamidis PD, Papadelis C. Distinct cerebellar lobules process arousal, valence and their interaction in parallel following a temporal hierarchy. Neuroimage 2015; 110:149-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Kröger A, Bletsch A, Krick C, Siniatchkin M, Jarczok TA, Freitag CM, Bender S. Visual event-related potentials to biological motion stimuli in autism spectrum disorders. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:1214-22. [PMID: 23887808 PMCID: PMC4127027 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nst103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical visual processing of biological motion contributes to social impairments in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, the exact temporal sequence of deficits of cortical biological motion processing in ASD has not been studied to date. We used 64-channel electroencephalography to study event-related potentials associated with human motion perception in 17 children and adolescents with ASD and 21 typical controls. A spatio-temporal source analysis was performed to assess the brain structures involved in these processes. We expected altered activity already during early stimulus processing and reduced activity during subsequent biological motion specific processes in ASD. In response to both, random and biological motion, the P100 amplitude was decreased suggesting unspecific deficits in visual processing, and the occipito-temporal N200 showed atypical lateralization in ASD suggesting altered hemispheric specialization. A slow positive deflection after 400 ms, reflecting top-down processes, and human motion-specific dipole activation differed slightly between groups, with reduced and more diffuse activation in the ASD-group. The latter could be an indicator of a disrupted neuronal network for biological motion processing in ADS. Furthermore, early visual processing (P100) seems to be correlated to biological motion-specific activation. This emphasizes the relevance of early sensory processing for higher order processing deficits in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kröger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Anke Bletsch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Christoph Krick
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Tomasz A Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Christine M Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, GermanyDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, JW Goethe University Frankfurt, Deutschordenstrasse 50, Frankfurt 60528, Germany, Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Kirrbergerstraße, Homburg/Saar 66424, Germany, and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
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7
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Amygdala responses to valence and its interaction by arousal revealed by MEG. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:121-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Xu J, Yue S. Mimicking visual searching with integrated top down cues and low-level features. Neurocomputing 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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9
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Kröger A, Hof K, Krick C, Siniatchkin M, Jarczok T, Freitag CM, Bender S. Visual processing of biological motion in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an event related potential-study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88585. [PMID: 24520402 PMCID: PMC3919797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often accompanied by problems in social behaviour, which are sometimes similar to some symptoms of autism-spectrum disorders (ASD). However, neuronal mechanisms of ASD-like deficits in ADHD have rarely been studied. The processing of biological motion-recently discussed as a marker of social cognition-was found to be disrupted in ASD in several studies. Thus in the present study we tested if biological motion processing is disrupted in ADHD. We used 64-channel EEG and spatio-temporal source analysis to assess event-related potentials associated with human motion processing in 21 children and adolescents with ADHD and 21 matched typically developing controls. On the behavioural level, all subjects were able to differentiate between human and scrambled motion. But in response to both scrambled and biological motion, the N200 amplitude was decreased in subjects with ADHD. After a spatio-temporal dipole analysis, a human motion specific activation was observable in occipital-temporal regions with a reduced and more diffuse activation in ADHD subjects. These results point towards neuronal determined alterations in the processing of biological motion in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kröger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Hof
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoph Krick
- Department of Neuroradiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg an der Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Siniatchkin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomasz Jarczok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine M. Freitag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Tsuruhara A, Nagata Y, Suzuki M, Inui K, Kakigi R. Effects of spatial frequency on visual evoked magnetic fields. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:347-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Mills T, Lalancette M, Moses SN, Taylor MJ, Quraan MA. Techniques for Detection and Localization of Weak Hippocampal and Medial Frontal Sources Using Beamformers in MEG. Brain Topogr 2012; 25:248-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10548-012-0217-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Gaglianese A, Costagli M, Bernardi G, Ricciardi E, Pietrini P. Evidence of a direct influence between the thalamus and hMT+ independent of V1 in the human brain as measured by fMRI. Neuroimage 2012; 60:1440-7. [PMID: 22300813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we employed Conditional Granger Causality (CGC) and Coherence analysis to investigate whether visual motion-related information reaches the human middle temporal complex (hMT+) directly from the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, by-passing the primary visual cortex (V1). Ten healthy human volunteers underwent brain scan examinations by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during two optic flow experiments. In addition to the classical LGN-V1-hMT+ pathway, our results showed a significant direct influence of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal recorded in LGN over that in hMT+, not mediated by V1 activity, which strongly supports the existence of a bilateral pathway that connects LGN directly to hMT+ and serves visual motion processing. Furthermore, we evaluated the relative latencies among areas functionally connected in the processing of visual motion. Using LGN as a reference region, hMT+ exhibited a statistically significant earlier peak of activation as compared to V1. In conclusion, our findings suggest the co-existence of an alternative route that directly links LGN to hMT+, bypassing V1. This direct pathway may play a significant functional role for the faster detection of motion and may contribute to explain persistence of unconscious motion detection in individuals with severe destruction of primary visual cortex (blindsight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gaglianese
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy
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13
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Rauschecker AM, Bowen RF, Perry LM, Kevan AM, Dougherty RF, Wandell BA. Visual feature-tolerance in the reading network. Neuron 2011; 71:941-53. [PMID: 21903085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A century of neurology and neuroscience shows that seeing words depends on ventral occipital-temporal (VOT) circuitry. Typically, reading is learned using high-contrast line-contour words. We explored whether a specific VOT region, the visual word form area (VWFA), learns to see only these words or recognizes words independent of the specific shape-defining visual features. Word forms were created using atypical features (motion-dots, luminance-dots) whose statistical properties control word-visibility. We measured fMRI responses as word form visibility varied, and we used TMS to interfere with neural processing in specific cortical circuits, while subjects performed a lexical decision task. For all features, VWFA responses increased with word-visibility and correlated with performance. TMS applied to motion-specialized area hMT+ disrupted reading performance for motion-dots, but not line-contours or luminance-dots. A quantitative model describes feature-convergence in the VWFA and relates VWFA responses to behavioral performance. These findings suggest how visual feature-tolerance in the reading network arises through signal convergence from feature-specialized cortical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Rauschecker
- Neurosciences Program and Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Dockstader C, Gaetz W, Rockel C, Mabbott DJ. White matter maturation in visual and motor areas predicts the latency of visual activation in children. Hum Brain Mapp 2011; 33:179-91. [PMID: 21432944 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, white matter maturation is important for the improvement of cognitive function and performance with age. Across studies the variables of white matter maturity and age are highly correlated; however, the unique contributions of white matter to information processing speed remain relatively unknown. We investigated the relations between the speed of the visually-evoked P100m response and the biophysical properties of white matter in 11 healthy children performing a simple, visually-cued finger movement. We found that: (1) the latency of the early, visually-evoked response was related to the integrity of white matter in both visual and motor association areas and (2) white matter maturation in these areas accounted for the variations in visual processing speed, independent of age. Our study is a novel investigation of spatial-temporal dynamics in the developing brain and provides evidence that white matter maturation accounts for age-related decreases in the speed of visual response. Developmental models of cortical specialization should incorporate the unique role of white matter maturation in mediating changes in performance during tasks involving visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Dockstader
- The Hospital for Sick Children Psychology, 555 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Coombes SA, Corcos DM, Vaillancourt DE. Spatiotemporal tuning of brain activity and force performance. Neuroimage 2011; 54:2226-36. [PMID: 20937396 PMCID: PMC3008211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatial and temporal features of visual stimuli are either processed independently or are conflated in specific cells of visual cortex. Although spatial and temporal features of visual stimuli influence motor performance, it remains unclear how spatiotemporal information is processed beyond visual cortex in brain regions that control movement. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine how brain activity and force control are influenced by visual gain at a high visual feedback frequency of 6.4 Hz and a low visual feedback frequency of 0.4 Hz. At 6.4 Hz, increasing visual gain led to improved force performance and increased activity in classic areas of the visuomotor system-V5, IPL, SPL, PMv, SMA-proper, and M1. At 0.4 Hz, increasing gain also led to improved force performance. In addition to activation in M1/PMd and IPL in the visuomotor system, increasing visual gain at 0.4 Hz also corresponded with activity in the striatal-frontal circuit including DLPFC, ACC, and widespread activity in putamen, caudate, and SMA-proper. This study demonstrates that the frequency of visual feedback drives where in the brain visual gain mediated reductions in force error are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Coombes
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Papadelis C, Eickhoff SB, Zilles K, Ioannides AA. BA3b and BA1 activate in a serial fashion after median nerve stimulation: direct evidence from combining source analysis of evoked fields and cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps. Neuroimage 2010; 54:60-73. [PMID: 20691793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study combines source analysis imaging data for early somatosensory processing and the probabilistic cytoarchitectonic maps (PCMs). Human somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) were recorded by stimulating left and right median nerves. Filtering the recorded responses in different frequency ranges identified the most responsive frequency band. The short-latency averaged SEFs were analyzed using a single equivalent current dipole (ECD) model and magnetic field tomography (MFT). The identified foci of activity were superimposed with PCMs. Two major components of opposite polarity were prominent around 21 and 31 ms. A weak component around 25 ms was also identified. For the most responsive frequency band (50-150 Hz) ECD and MFT revealed one focal source at the contralateral Brodmann area 3b (BA3b) at the peak of N20. The component ~25 ms was localised in Brodmann area 1 (BA1) in 50-150 Hz. By using ECD, focal generators around 28-30 ms located initially in BA3b and 2 ms later to BA1. MFT also revealed two focal sources - one in BA3b and one in BA1 for these latencies. Our results provide direct evidence that the earliest cortical response after median nerve stimulation is generated within the contralateral BA3b. BA1 activation few milliseconds later indicates a serial mode of somatosensory processing within cytoarchitectonic SI subdivisions. Analysis of non-invasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) data and the use of PCMs allow unambiguous and quantitative (probabilistic) interpretation of cytoarchitectonic identity of activated areas following median nerve stimulation, even with the simple ECD model, but only when the model fits the data extremely well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Papadelis
- Laboratory for Human Brain Dynamics, Brain Science Institute (BSI), RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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17
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Plomp G, Michel CM, Herzog MH. Electrical source dynamics in three functional localizer paradigms. Neuroimage 2010; 53:257-67. [PMID: 20600987 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The visual cortex exhibits functional specialization that can be routinely demonstrated using hemodynamic measures like fMRI and PET. To understand the dynamic nature of cortical processes, however, source imaging with a high temporal resolution is necessary. Here, we asked how well distributed EEG source localization (LAURA) identifies functionally specialized visual processes. We tested three stimulus paradigms commonly used in fMRI with the aim to localize striate cortex, motion-sensitive areas, and face-sensitive areas. EEG source localization showed initial activations in striate and extra-striate areas at around 70ms after stimulus onset. These were quickly followed by extensive cortical, as well as subcortical activation. Functional motion and face-selective areas were localized with margins of below 2cm, at around 170 and 150ms, respectively. The results furthermore show for the first time that the C1 component has generators in the insula and frontal eye fields, but also in subcortical areas like the parahippocampus and the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Plomp
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Wibral M, Bledowski C, Kohler A, Singer W, Muckli L. The timing of feedback to early visual cortex in the perception of long-range apparent motion. Cereb Cortex 2008; 19:1567-82. [PMID: 19008460 PMCID: PMC2693618 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhn192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When 2 visual stimuli are presented one after another in different locations, they are often perceived as one, but moving object. Feedback from area human motion complex hMT/V5+ to V1 has been hypothesized to play an important role in this illusory perception of motion. We measured event-related responses to illusory motion stimuli of varying apparent motion (AM) content and retinal location using Electroencephalography. Detectable cortical stimulus processing started around 60-ms poststimulus in area V1. This component was insensitive to AM content and sequential stimulus presentation. Sensitivity to AM content was observed starting around 90 ms post the second stimulus of a sequence and most likely originated in area hMT/V5+. This AM sensitive response was insensitive to retinal stimulus position. The stimulus sequence related response started to be sensitive to retinal stimulus position at a longer latency of 110 ms. We interpret our findings as evidence for feedback from area hMT/V5+ or a related motion processing area to early visual cortices (V1, V2, V3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wibral
- MEG Unit, Brain Imaging Center, J.W. Goethe Universität, Heinrich Hoffmann Strasse 10, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Hou C, Pettet MW, Norcia AM. Abnormalities of coherent motion processing in strabismic amblyopia: Visual-evoked potential measurements. J Vis 2008; 8:2.1-12. [PMID: 18484841 DOI: 10.1167/8.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent motion responses of patients with mild to moderate strabismic amblyopia were compared to those of normals using visual-evoked potentials (VEPs). Responses were elicited by dynamic random-dot kinematograms that alternated at 0.83 Hz between globally coherent (left-right) and incoherent (random) motion states. Tuning curves were measured at the first harmonic of the global motion update rate (0.83 Hz) and at the first harmonic of the dot update rate (20 Hz) for spatial displacements 3.1 to 27.9 arcmin (1.6 to 9.3 deg/s). Responses locked to the changes in the global organization of the local direction vectors were an inverted U-shaped function of displacement/speed in the normal-vision observers and in the fellow eyes of the strabismus patients while the tuning function of the amblyopic eyes was shifted to larger displacements/higher speeds. Responses at the dot update rate were reduced in amplitude and altered in timing in both eyes of the patients. The results are consistent with both local and global deficits in motion processing in strabismic amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Hou
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
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