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Froudist-Walsh S, Xu T, Niu M, Rapan L, Zhao L, Margulies DS, Zilles K, Wang XJ, Palomero-Gallagher N. Gradients of neurotransmitter receptor expression in the macaque cortex. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:1281-1294. [PMID: 37336976 PMCID: PMC10322721 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics and functions of neural circuits depend on interactions mediated by receptors. Therefore, a comprehensive map of receptor organization across cortical regions is needed. In this study, we used in vitro receptor autoradiography to measure the density of 14 neurotransmitter receptor types in 109 areas of macaque cortex. We integrated the receptor data with anatomical, genetic and functional connectivity data into a common cortical space. We uncovered a principal gradient of receptor expression per neuron. This aligns with the cortical hierarchy from sensory cortex to higher cognitive areas. A second gradient, driven by serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, peaks in the anterior cingulate, default mode and salience networks. We found a similar pattern of 5-HT1A expression in the human brain. Thus, the macaque may be a promising translational model of serotonergic processing and disorders. The receptor gradients may enable rapid, reliable information processing in sensory cortical areas and slow, flexible integration in higher cognitive areas.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Rats
- Autoradiography
- Brain Mapping
- Cerebral Cortex/cytology
- Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
- Cognition
- Dendritic Spines
- Gyrus Cinguli/cytology
- Gyrus Cinguli/metabolism
- Macaca fascicularis
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/analysis
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A/metabolism
- Receptors, Cholinergic/analysis
- Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine/analysis
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/analysis
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Species Specificity
- Myelin Sheath/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Froudist-Walsh
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniel S Margulies
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Froudist-Walsh S, Bliss DP, Ding X, Rapan L, Niu M, Knoblauch K, Zilles K, Kennedy H, Palomero-Gallagher N, Wang XJ. A dopamine gradient controls access to distributed working memory in the large-scale monkey cortex. Neuron 2021; 109:3500-3520.e13. [PMID: 34536352 PMCID: PMC8571070 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine is required for working memory, but how it modulates the large-scale cortex is unknown. Here, we report that dopamine receptor density per neuron, measured by autoradiography, displays a macroscopic gradient along the macaque cortical hierarchy. This gradient is incorporated in a connectome-based large-scale cortex model endowed with multiple neuron types. The model captures an inverted U-shaped dependence of working memory on dopamine and spatial patterns of persistent activity observed in over 90 experimental studies. Moreover, we show that dopamine is crucial for filtering out irrelevant stimuli by enhancing inhibition from dendrite-targeting interneurons. Our model revealed that an activity-silent memory trace can be realized by facilitation of inter-areal connections and that adjusting cortical dopamine induces a switch from this internal memory state to distributed persistent activity. Our work represents a cross-level understanding from molecules and cell types to recurrent circuit dynamics underlying a core cognitive function distributed across the primate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P Bliss
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xingyu Ding
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Meiqi Niu
- Research Centre Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kenneth Knoblauch
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell & Brain Research Institute, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France
| | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany
| | - Henry Kennedy
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell & Brain Research Institute, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon I, 69003 Lyon, France; Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology CAS, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Research Centre Jülich, INM-1, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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3
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Khan AF, Adewale Q, Baumeister TR, Carbonell F, Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N, Iturria-Medina Y. Personalized brain models identify neurotransmitter receptor changes in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2021; 145:1785-1804. [PMID: 34605898 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves many neurobiological alterations from molecular to macroscopic spatial scales, but we currently lack integrative, mechanistic brain models characterizing how factors across different biological scales interact to cause clinical deterioration in a way that is subject-specific or personalized. Neurotransmitter receptors, as important signaling molecules and potential drug targets, are key mediators of interactions between many neurobiological processes altered in AD. We present a neurotransmitter receptor-enriched multifactorial brain model, which integrates spatial distribution patterns of 15 neurotransmitter receptors from post-mortem autoradiography with multiple in-vivo neuroimaging modalities (tau, amyloid-β and glucose PET, and structural, functional and arterial spin labeling MRI) in a personalized, generative, whole-brain formulation. Applying this data-driven model to a heterogeneous aged population (N = 423, ADNI data), we observed that personalized receptor-neuroimaging interactions explained about 70% (± 20%) of the across-population variance in longitudinal changes to the six neuroimaging modalities, and up to 39.7% (P < 0.003, FWE-corrected) of inter-individual variability in AD cognitive deterioration via an axis primarily affecting executive function. Notably, based on their contribution to the clinical severity in AD, we found significant functional alterations to glutamatergic interactions affecting tau accumulation and neural activity dysfunction, and GABAergic interactions concurrently affecting neural activity dysfunction, amyloid and tau distributions, as well as significant cholinergic receptor effects on tau accumulation. Overall, GABAergic alterations had the largest effect on cognitive impairment (particularly executive function) in our AD cohort (N = 25). Furthermore, we demonstrate the clinical applicability of this approach by characterizing subjects based on individualized 'fingerprints' of receptor alterations. This study introduces the first robust, data-driven framework for integrating several neurotransmitter receptors, multi-modal neuroimaging and clinical data in a flexible and interpretable brain model. It enables further understanding of the mechanistic neuropathological basis of neurodegenerative progression and heterogeneity, and constitutes a promising step towards implementing personalized, neurotransmitter-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Faraz Khan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Quadri Adewale
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Tobias R Baumeister
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
| | | | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,JARA, Translational Brain Medicine, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics & Mental Health, Montreal, Canada H3A 2B4
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Pérez-Santos I, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Cavada C. Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation and Adrenoceptors in the Macaque Monkey Thalamus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4115-4139. [PMID: 34003210 PMCID: PMC8328208 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) in the thalamus has important roles in physiological, pharmacological, and pathological neuromodulation. In this work, a complete characterization of NA axons and Alpha adrenoceptors distributions is provided. NA axons, revealed by immunohistochemistry against the synthesizing enzyme and the NA transporter, are present in all thalamic nuclei. The most densely innervated ones are the midline nuclei, intralaminar nuclei (paracentral and parafascicular), and the medial sector of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDm). The ventral motor nuclei and most somatosensory relay nuclei receive a moderate NA innervation. The pulvinar complex receives a heterogeneous innervation. The lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) has the lowest NA innervation. Alpha adrenoceptors were analyzed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Alpha-1 receptor densities are higher than Alpha-2 densities. Overall, axonal densities and Alpha adrenoceptor densities coincide; although some mismatches were identified. The nuclei with the highest Alpha-1 values are MDm, the parvocellular part of the ventral posterior medial nucleus, medial pulvinar, and midline nuclei. The nucleus with the lowest Alpha-1 receptor density is GL. Alpha-2 receptor densities are highest in the lateral dorsal, centromedian, medial and inferior pulvinar, and midline nuclei. These results suggest a role for NA in modulating thalamic involvement in consciousness, limbic, cognitive, and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Cavada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Niu M, Rapan L, Funck T, Froudist-Walsh S, Zhao L, Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Organization of the macaque monkey inferior parietal lobule based on multimodal receptor architectonics. Neuroimage 2021; 231:117843. [PMID: 33577936 PMCID: PMC8188735 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The macaque monkey inferior parietal lobe (IPL) is a structurally heterogeneous brain region, although the number of areas it contains and the anatomical/functional relationship of identified subdivisions remains controversial. Neurotransmitter receptor distribution patterns not only reveal the position of the cortical borders, but also segregate areas associated to different functional systems. Thus we carried out a multimodal quantitative analysis of the cyto- and receptor architecture of the macaque IPL to determine the number and extent of distinct areas it encompasses. We identified four areas on the IPL convexity arranged in a caudo-rostral sequence, as well as two areas in the parietal operculum, which we projected onto the Yerkes19 surface. We found rostral areas to have relatively smaller receptor fingerprints than the caudal ones, which is in an agreement with the functional gradient along the caudo-rostral axis described in previous studies. The hierarchical analysis segregated IPL areas into two clusters: the caudal one, contains areas involved in multisensory integration and visual-motor functions, and rostral cluster, encompasses areas active during motor planning and action-related functions. The results of the present study provide novel insights into clarifying the homologies between human and macaque IPL areas. The ensuing 3D map of the macaque IPL, and the receptor fingerprints are made publicly available to the neuroscientific community via the Human Brain Project and BALSA repositories for future cyto- and/or receptor architectonically driven analyses of functional imaging studies in non-human primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Ling Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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6
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Rapan L, Froudist-Walsh S, Niu M, Xu T, Funck T, Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multimodal 3D atlas of the macaque monkey motor and premotor cortex. Neuroimage 2021; 226:117574. [PMID: 33221453 PMCID: PMC8168280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study we reevaluated the parcellation scheme of the macaque frontal agranular cortex by implementing quantitative cytoarchitectonic and multireceptor analyses, with the purpose to integrate and reconcile the discrepancies between previously published maps of this region. We applied an observer-independent and statistically testable approach to determine the position of cytoarchitectonic borders. Analysis of the regional and laminar distribution patterns of 13 different transmitter receptors confirmed the position of cytoarchitectonically identified borders. Receptor densities were extracted from each area and visualized as its "receptor fingerprint". Hierarchical and principal components analyses were conducted to detect clusters of areas according to the degree of (dis)similarity of their fingerprints. Finally, functional connectivity pattern of each identified area was analyzed with areas of prefrontal, cingulate, somatosensory and lateral parietal cortex and the results were depicted as "connectivity fingerprints" and seed-to-vertex connectivity maps. We identified 16 cyto- and receptor architectonically distinct areas, including novel subdivisions of the primary motor area 4 (i.e. 4a, 4p, 4m) and of premotor areas F4 (i.e. F4s, F4d, F4v), F5 (i.e. F5s, F5d, F5v) and F7 (i.e. F7d, F7i, F7s). Multivariate analyses of receptor fingerprints revealed three clusters, which first segregated the subdivisions of area 4 with F4d and F4s from the remaining premotor areas, then separated ventrolateral from dorsolateral and medial premotor areas. The functional connectivity analysis revealed that medial and dorsolateral premotor and motor areas show stronger functional connectivity with areas involved in visual processing, whereas 4p and ventrolateral premotor areas presented a stronger functional connectivity with areas involved in somatomotor responses. For the first time, we provide a 3D atlas integrating cyto- and multi-receptor architectonic features of the macaque motor and premotor cortex. This atlas constitutes a valuable resource for the analysis of functional experiments carried out with non-human primates, for modeling approaches with realistic synaptic dynamics, as well as to provide insights into how brain functions have developed by changes in the underlying microstructure and encoding strategies during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ting Xu
- Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Khan AF, Palomero‐Gallagher N, Zilles K, Medina YI. Whole brain generative model identifies neurotransmitter alterations underlying Alzheimer's disease progression. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.041193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F Khan
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | | | | | - Yasser Iturria Medina
- McConnell Brain Imaging Center Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University Montreal QC Canada
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Miller JA, Voorhies WI, Li X, Raghuram I, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Sherwood CC, Hopkins WD, Weiner KS. Sulcal morphology of ventral temporal cortex is shared between humans and other hominoids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17132. [PMID: 33051475 PMCID: PMC7555511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hominoid-specific brain structures are of particular importance in understanding the evolution of human brain structure and function, as they are absent in mammals that are widely studied in the extended neuroscience field. Recent research indicates that the human fusiform gyrus (FG), which is a hominoid-specific structure critical for complex object recognition, contains a tertiary, longitudinal sulcus (mid-fusiform sulcus, MFS) that bisects the FG into lateral and medial parallel gyri. The MFS is a functional and architectonic landmark in the human brain. Here, we tested if the MFS is specific to the human FG or if the MFS is also identifiable in other hominoids. Using magnetic resonance imaging and cortical surface reconstructions in 30 chimpanzees and 30 humans, we show that the MFS is also present in chimpanzees. The MFS is relatively deeper and cortically thinner in chimpanzees compared to humans. Additional histological analyses reveal that the MFS is not only present in humans and chimpanzees, but also in bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons. Taken together, these results reveal that the MFS is a sulcal landmark that is shared between humans and other hominoids. These results require a reconsideration of the sulcal patterning in ventral temporal cortex across hominoids, as well as revise the compensation theory of cortical folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Miller
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, 210 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ishana Raghuram
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - William D Hopkins
- Department of Comparative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, TX, 78602, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, 210 Barker Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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9
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Lothmann K, Deitersen J, Zilles K, Amunts K, Herold C. New boundaries and dissociation of the mouse hippocampus along the dorsal-ventral axis based on glutamatergic, GABAergic and catecholaminergic receptor densities. Hippocampus 2020; 31:56-78. [PMID: 32986281 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, gene-expression, neuronal tuning, connectivity and neurogenesis studies have postulated that the dorsal, the intermediate and the ventral hippocampal formation (HF) are distinct entities. These findings are underpinned by behavioral studies showing a dissociable role of dorsal and ventral HF in learning, memory, stress and emotional processing. However, up to now, the molecular basis of such differences in relation to discrete boundaries is largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed binding site densities for glutamatergic AMPA, NMDA, kainate and mGluR2/3 , GABAergic GABAA (including benzodiazepine binding sites), GABAB , dopaminergic D1/5 and noradrenergic α1 and α2 receptors as key modulators for signal transmission in hippocampal functions, using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse HF. Beside general different receptor profiles of the dentate gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis fields (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4/hilus), we detected substantial differences between dorsal, intermediate and ventral subdivisions and individual layers for all investigated receptor types, except GABAB . For example, striking higher densities of α2 receptors were detected in the ventral DG, while the dorsal DG possesses higher numbers of kainate, NMDA, GABAA and D1/5 receptors. CA1 dorsal and intermediate subdivisions showed higher AMPA, NMDA, mGluR2/3 , GABAA , D1/5 receptors, while kainate receptors are higher expressed in ventral CA1, and noradrenergic α1 and α2 receptors in the intermediate region of CA1. CA2 dorsal was distinguished by higher kainate, α1 and α2 receptors in the intermediate region, while CA3 showed a more complex dissociation. Our findings resulted not only in a clear segmentation of the mouse hippocampus along the dorsal-ventral axis, but also provides insights into the neurochemical basis and likely associated physiological processes in hippocampal functions. Therein, the presented data has a high impact for future studies modeling and investigating dorsal, intermediate and ventral hippocampal dysfunction in relation to neurodegenerative diseases or psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Lothmann
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Deitersen
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Herold
- C. & O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Clinic Düsseldof, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Takemura H, Palomero-Gallagher N, Axer M, Gräßel D, Jorgensen MJ, Woods R, Zilles K. Anatomy of nerve fiber bundles at micrometer-resolution in the vervet monkey visual system. eLife 2020; 9:e55444. [PMID: 32844747 PMCID: PMC7532002 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the primate visual system has been extensively studied, detailed spatial organization of white matter fiber tracts carrying visual information between areas has not been fully established. This is mainly due to the large gap between tracer studies and diffusion-weighted MRI studies, which focus on specific axonal connections and macroscale organization of fiber tracts, respectively. Here we used 3D polarization light imaging (3D-PLI), which enables direct visualization of fiber tracts at micrometer resolution, to identify and visualize fiber tracts of the visual system, such as stratum sagittale, inferior longitudinal fascicle, vertical occipital fascicle, tapetum and dorsal occipital bundle in vervet monkey brains. Moreover, 3D-PLI data provide detailed information on cortical projections of these tracts, distinction between neighboring tracts, and novel short-range pathways. This work provides essential information for interpretation of functional and diffusion-weighted MRI data, as well as revision of wiring diagrams based upon observations in the vervet visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Takemura
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Markus Axer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - David Gräßel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
| | - Matthew J Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemUnited States
| | - Roger Woods
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Departments of Neurology and of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLALos AngelesUnited States
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- JARA - Translational Brain MedicineAachenGermany
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11
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Amunts K, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Zilles K. Julich-Brain: A 3D probabilistic atlas of the human brain’s
cytoarchitecture. Science 2020; 369:988-992. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb4588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytoarchitecture is a basic principle of microstructural brain parcellation.
We introduce Julich-Brain, a three-dimensional atlas containing cytoarchitectonic
maps of cortical areas and subcortical nuclei. The atlas is probabilistic, which
enables it to account for variations between individual brains. Building such an
atlas was highly data- and labor-intensive and required the development of nested,
interdependent workflows for detecting borders between brain areas, data
processing, provenance tracking, and flexible execution of processing chains to
handle large amounts of data at different spatial scales. Full cortical coverage
was achieved by the inclusion of gap maps to complement cortical maps. The atlas
is dynamic and will be adapted as mapping progresses; it is openly available to
support neuroimaging studies as well as modeling and simulation; and it is
interoperable, enabling connection to other atlases and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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12
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Niu M, Impieri D, Rapan L, Funck T, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K. Receptor-driven, multimodal mapping of cortical areas in the macaque monkey intraparietal sulcus. eLife 2020; 9:55979. [PMID: 32613942 PMCID: PMC7365665 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is structurally and functionally heterogeneous. We performed a quantitative cyto-/myelo- and receptor architectonical analysis to provide a multimodal map of the macaque IPS. We identified 17 cortical areas, including novel areas PEipe, PEipi (external and internal subdivisions of PEip), and MIPd. Multivariate analyses of receptor densities resulted in a grouping of areas based on the degree of (dis)similarity of their receptor architecture: a cluster encompassing areas located in the posterior portion of the IPS and associated mainly with the processing of visual information, a cluster including areas found in the anterior portion of the IPS and involved in sensorimotor processing, and an ‘intermediate’ cluster of multimodal association areas. Thus, differences in cyto-/myelo- and receptor architecture segregate the cortical ribbon within the IPS, and receptor fingerprints provide novel insights into the relationship between the structural and functional segregation of this brain region in the macaque monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Daniele Impieri
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Aachen, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
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13
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Richter M, Amunts K, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Eickhoff SB, Zilles K, Caspers S. Cytoarchitectonic segregation of human posterior intraparietal and adjacent parieto-occipital sulcus and its relation to visuomotor and cognitive functions. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1305-1327. [PMID: 30561508 PMCID: PMC6373694 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human posterior intraparietal sulcus (pIPS) and adjacent posterior wall of parieto-occipital sulcus (POS) are functionally diverse, serving higher motor, visual and cognitive functions. Its microstructural basis, though, is still largely unknown. A similar or even more pronounced architectonical complexity, as described in monkeys, could be assumed. We cytoarchitectonically mapped the pIPS/POS in 10 human postmortem brains using an observer-independent, quantitative parcellation. 3D-probability maps were generated within MNI reference space and used for functional decoding and meta-analytic coactivation modeling based on the BrainMap database to decode the general structural–functional organization of the areas. Seven cytoarchitectonically distinct areas were identified: five within human pIPS, three on its lateral (hIP4-6) and two on its medial wall (hIP7-8); and two (hPO1, hOc6) in POS. Mediocaudal areas (hIP7, hPO1) were predominantly involved in visual processing, whereas laterorostral areas (hIP4-6, 8) were associated with higher cognitive functions, e.g. counting. This shift was mirrored by systematic changes in connectivity, from temporo-occipital to premotor and prefrontal cortex, and in cytoarchitecture, from prominent Layer IIIc pyramidal cells to homogeneous neuronal distribution. This architectonical mosaic within human pIPS/POS represents a structural basis of its functional and connectional heterogeneity. The new 3D-maps of the areas enable dedicated assessments of structure–function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Richter
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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14
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Palomero-Gallagher N, Kedo O, Mohlberg H, Zilles K, Amunts K. Multimodal mapping and analysis of the cyto- and receptorarchitecture of the human hippocampus. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:881-907. [PMID: 31955294 PMCID: PMC7166210 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-02022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human hippocampal formation is relevant for various aspects of memory and learning, and the different hippocampal regions are differentially affected by neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, the hippocampal formation has been subject of numerous cytoarchitectonic and other mapping studies, which resulted in divergent parcellation schemes. To understand the principles of hippocampal architecture, it is necessary to integrate different levels of hippocampal organisation, going beyond one modality. We here applied a multimodal mapping approach combining cyto- and multi-receptorarchitectonic analyses, and generated probabilistic maps in stereotaxic space of the identified regions. Cytoarchitecture in combination with the regional and laminar distribution of 15 neurotransmitter receptors visualized by in vitro receptor autoradiography were analysed in seven hemispheres from 6 unfixed shock frozen and serially sectioned brains. Cytoarchitectonic delineations for generation of probabilistic maps were carried out on histological sections from ten fixed, paraffin embedded and serially sectioned brains. Nine cyto- and receptorarchitectonically distinct regions were identified within the hippocampal formation (i.e., fascia dentata, cornu Ammonis (CA) regions 1-4, prosubiculum, subiculum proper, presubiculum and parasubiculum), as well as the hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area and the periallocortical transsubiculum. Subsequently generated probabilistic maps quantify intersubject variability in the size and extent of these cyto- and receptorarchitectonically distinct regions. The regions did not differ in their volume between the hemispheres and gender. Receptor mapping revealed additional subdivisions which could not be detected by cytoarchitectonic analysis alone. They correspond to parcellations previously found in immunohistochemical and connectivity studies. The multimodal approach enabled the definition of regions not consistently reported, e.g., CA4 region or prosubiculum. The ensuing detailed probabilistic maps of the hippocampal formation constitute the basis for future architectonically informed analyses of in vivo neuroimaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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15
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Zachlod D, Rüttgers B, Bludau S, Mohlberg H, Langner R, Zilles K, Amunts K. Four new cytoarchitectonic areas surrounding the primary and early auditory cortex in human brains. Cortex 2020; 128:1-21. [PMID: 32298845 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The architectonical organization of putatively higher auditory areas in the human superior temporal gyrus and sulcus is not yet well understood. To provide a coherent map of this part of the brain, which is involved in language and other functions, we examined the cytoarchitecture and cortical parcellation of this region in histological sections of ten human postmortem brains using an observer-independent mapping approach. Two new areas were identified in the temporo-insular region (areas TeI, TI). TeI is medially adjacent to the primary auditory cortex (area Te1). TI is located between TeI and the insular cortex. Laterally adjacent to previously mapped areas Te2 and Te3, two new areas (STS1, STS2) were identified in the superior temporal sulcus. All four areas were mapped over their whole extent in serial, cell-body stained sections, and their cytoarchitecture was analyzed using quantitative image analysis and multivariate statistics. Interestingly, area TeI, which is located between area Te1 and area TI at the transition to the insula, was more similar in cytoarchitecture to lateral area Te2.1 than to the directly adjacent areas TI and Te1. Such structural similarity of areas medially and laterally to Te1 would be in line with the core-belt-parabelt concept in macaques. The cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps of all areas show the localization of the areas and their interindividual variability. The new maps are publicly available and provide a basis to further explore structural-functional relationship of the language network in the temporal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zachlod
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Britta Rüttgers
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
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16
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Behuet S, Cremer JN, Cremer M, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Amunts K. Developmental Changes of Glutamate and GABA Receptor Densities in Wistar Rats. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:100. [PMID: 31920569 PMCID: PMC6933313 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and their receptors are key molecules of signal transduction and subject to various changes during pre- and postnatal development. Previous studies addressed ontogeny at the level of neurotransmitters and expression of neurotransmitter receptor subunits. However, developmental changes in receptor densities to this day are not well understood. Here, we analyzed developmental changes in excitatory glutamate and inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in adjacent sections of the rat brain by means of quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. Receptor densities of the ionotropic glutamatergic receptors α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) as well as of the ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors were investigated using specific high-affinity ligands. For each receptor binding site, significant density differences were demonstrated in the investigated regions of interest [olfactory bulb, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum] and developmental stages [postnatal day (P) 0, 10, 20, 30 and 90]. In particular, we showed that the glutamatergic and GABAergic receptor densities were already present between P0 and P10 in all regions of interest, which may indicate the early relevance of these receptors for brain development. A transient increase of glutamatergic receptor densities in the hippocampus was found, indicating their possible involvement in synaptic plasticity. We demonstrated a decline of NMDA receptor densities in the striatum and hippocampus from P30 to P90, which could be due to synapse elimination, a process that redefines neuronal networks in postnatal brains. Furthermore, the highest increase in GABAA receptor densities from P10 to P20 coincides with the developmental shift from excitatory to inhibitory GABA transmission. Moreover, the increase from P10 to P20 in GABAA receptor densities in the cerebellum corresponds to a point in time when functional GABAergic synapses are formed. Taken together, the present data reveal differential changes in glutamate and GABA receptor densities during postnatal rat brain development, which may contribute to their specific functions during ontogenesis, thus providing a deeper understanding of brain ontogenesis and receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Behuet
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Markus Cremer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Kuo PC, Tseng YL, Zilles K, Suen S, Eickhoff SB, Lee JD, Cheng PE, Liou M. Brain dynamics and connectivity networks under natural auditory stimulation. Neuroimage 2019; 202:116042. [PMID: 31344485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is challenging when subjects are under exposure to natural sensory stimulation. In this study, a two-stage approach was developed to enable the identification of connectivity networks involved in the processing of information in the brain under natural sensory stimulation. In the first stage, the degree of concordance between the results of inter-subject and intra-subject correlation analyses is assessed statistically. The microstructurally (i.e., cytoarchitectonically) defined brain areas are designated either as concordant in which the results of both correlation analyses are in agreement, or as discordant in which one analysis method shows a higher proportion of supra-threshold voxels than does the other. In the second stage, connectivity networks are identified using the time courses of supra-threshold voxels in brain areas contingent upon the classifications derived in the first stage. In an empirical study, fMRI data were collected from 40 young adults (19 males, average age 22.76 ± 3.25), who underwent auditory stimulation involving sound clips of human voices and animal vocalizations under two operational conditions (i.e., eyes-closed and eyes-open). The operational conditions were designed to assess confounding effects due to auditory instructions or visual perception. The proposed two-stage analysis demonstrated that stress modulation (affective) and language networks in the limbic and cortical structures were respectively engaged during sound stimulation, and presented considerable variability among subjects. The network involved in regulating visuomotor control was sensitive to the eyes-open instruction, and presented only small variations among subjects. A high degree of concordance was observed between the two analyses in the primary auditory cortex which was highly sensitive to the pitch of sound clips. Our results have indicated that brain areas can be identified as concordant or discordant based on the two correlation analyses. This may further facilitate the search for connectivity networks involved in the processing of information under natural sensory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Li Tseng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Summit Suen
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Juin-Der Lee
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Philip E Cheng
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michelle Liou
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Todorov OS, Weisbecker V, Gilissen E, Zilles K, de Sousa AA. Primate hippocampus size and organization are predicted by sociality but not diet. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191712. [PMID: 31662078 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is well known for its roles in spatial navigation and memory, but it is organized into regions that have different connections and functional specializations. Notably, the region CA2 has a role in social and not spatial cognition, as is the case for the regions CA1 and CA3 that surround it. Here, we investigated the evolution of the hippocampus in terms of its size and organization in relation to the evolution of social and ecological variables in primates, namely home range, diet and different measures of group size. We found that the volumes within the whole cornu ammonis coevolve with group size, while only the volume of CA1 and subiculum can also be predicted by home range. On the other hand, diet, expressed as a shift from folivory towards frugivory, was shown to not be related to hippocampal volume. Interestingly, CA2 was shown to exhibit phylogenetic signal only against certain measures of group size, but not with ecological factors. We also found that sex differences in the hippocampus are related to body size sex dimorphism. This is in line with reports of sex differences in hippocampal volume in non-primates that are related to social structure and sex differences in behaviour. Our findings support the notion that in primates, the hippocampus is a mosaic structure evolving in line with social pressures, where certain subsections evolve in line with spatial ability too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlin S Todorov
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Vera Weisbecker
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Gilissen
- Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Leuvensesteenweg, 3080 Tervuren, Belgium.,Laboratory of Histology and Neuropathology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich, Germany
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19
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Salles A, Bjaalie JG, Evers K, Farisco M, Fothergill BT, Guerrero M, Maslen H, Muller J, Prescott T, Stahl BC, Walter H, Zilles K, Amunts K. The Human Brain Project: Responsible Brain Research for the Benefit of Society. Neuron 2019; 101:380-384. [PMID: 30731062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing that its research may raise various ethical, social, and philosophical issues, the HBP has made the identification, examination, and management of those issues a top priority. The Ethics and Society subproject is part of the core research project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleen Salles
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas (CIF), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathinka Evers
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Farisco
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science and Society Unit, Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - B Tyr Fothergill
- Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Manuel Guerrero
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Bioethics and Medical Humanities, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Hannah Maslen
- The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffrey Muller
- Human Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Batiment B1, Chemin des Mines 9, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Prescott
- Department of Computer Science and Sheffield Robotics, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bernd C Stahl
- Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH D, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH D, 52425 Juelich, Germany; Cecile und Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Impieri D, Zilles K, Niu M, Rapan L, Schubert N, Galletti C, Palomero-Gallagher N. Receptor density pattern confirms and enhances the anatomic-functional features of the macaque superior parietal lobule areas. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2733-2756. [PMID: 31392403 PMCID: PMC6778536 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01930-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The macaque monkey superior parietal lobule (SPL) is part of a neuronal network involved in the integration of information from visual and somatosensory cortical areas for execution of reaching and grasping movements. We applied quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography to analyse the distribution patterns of 15 different receptors for glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, serotonin, dopamine, and adenosine in the SPL of three adult male Macaca fascicularis monkeys. For each area, mean (averaged over all cortical layers) receptor densities were visualized as a receptor fingerprint of that area. Multivariate analyses were conducted to detect clusters of areas according to the degree of (dis)similarity of their receptor organization. Differences in regional and laminar receptor distributions confirm the location and extent of areas V6, V6Av, V6Ad, PEc, PEci, and PGm as found in cytoarchitectonic and functional studies, but also enable the definition of three subdivisions within area PE. Receptor densities are higher in supra- than in infragranular layers, with the exception of kainate, M2, and adenosine receptors. Glutamate and GABAergic receptors are the most expressed in all areas analysed. Hierarchical cluster analyses demonstrate that SPL areas are organized in two groups, an organization that corresponds to the visual or sensory-motor characteristics of those areas. Finally, based on present results and in the framework of our current understanding of the structural and functional organization of the primate SPL, we propose a novel pattern of homologies between human and macaque SPL areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Impieri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Meiqi Niu
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucija Rapan
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Nicole Schubert
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Claudio Galletti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH, Aachen, Germany.
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Palomero-Gallagher N, Hoffstaedter F, Mohlberg H, Eickhoff SB, Amunts K, Zilles K. Human Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Structural, Functional, and Connectional Heterogeneity. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2552-2574. [PMID: 29850806 PMCID: PMC6519696 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pACC) encompasses 7 distinct cyto- and receptorarchitectonic areas. We lack a detailed understanding of the functions in which they are involved, and stereotaxic maps are not available. We present an integrated structural/functional map of pACC based on probabilistic cytoarchitectonic mapping and meta-analytic connectivity modeling and quantitative functional decoding. Due to the restricted spatial resolution of functional imaging data relative to the microstructural parcellation, areas p24a of the callosal sulcus and p24b on the surface of the cingulate gyrus were merged into a "gyral component" (p24ab) of area p24, and areas pv24c, pd24cv, and pd24cd, located within the cingulate sulcus were merged into a "sulcal component" (p24c) for meta-analytic analysis. Area p24ab was specifically associated with interoception, p24c with the inhibition of action, and p32, which was also activated by emotion induction tasks pertaining negatively valenced stimuli, with the ability to experience empathy. Thus, area p32 could be classified as cingulate association cortex playing a crucial role in the cognitive regulation of emotion. By this spectrum of functions, pACC is a structurally and functionally heterogeneous region, clearly differing from other parts of the anterior and middle cingulate cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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22
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Zilles K. Brodmann: a pioneer of human brain mapping-his impact on concepts of cortical organization. Brain 2018; 141:3262-3278. [PMID: 30358817 PMCID: PMC6202576 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awy273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Germany
- JARA–Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K. Differences in cytoarchitecture of Broca's region between human, ape and macaque brains. Cortex 2018; 118:132-153. [PMID: 30333085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Areas 44 and 45 have been identified in non-human primates as homologs of the human Broca region. Distribution of large and smaller pyramids and the ventro-lateral localization in the posterior frontal lobe enable their identification in non-human primates. Since only humans hold the ability of language, it has been hypothesized that differences in microstructure may, together with other anatomical factors, e.g., white matter tract connectivity, volumes of cortical areas and their molecular differentiation, be responsible for the lack (non-human primates) or ability (humans) of language. We sought to identify microstructural differences, by quantitatively studying the cytoarchitecture of areas 44 and 45 using layer-specific grey level indices (volume proportion of neuropil and cell bodies) in serially sectioned and cell body stained human, bonobo, chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan and Macaca fascicularis brains. The main results are the interspecies differences in neuropil volume relative to cell bodies in all layers of both areas which allows a grouping of the different species into three major groups: Homo sapiens has the largest, great apes a markedly lower, and macaque the lowest neuropil volume. This indicates considerably more space for local and interregional connectivity in human brains, which matches recent studies of fiber tracts and spacing of cortical minicolumns because increasing connectivity also requires more space for axons and dendrites in the neuropil. The evolutionary enlargement of neuropil is, therefore, a major structural difference between humans and non-human primates which may correspond to the underlying functional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
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Abstract
Mapping of the human brain is more than the generation of an atlas-based parcellation of brain regions using histologic or histochemical criteria. It is the attempt to provide a topographically informed model of the structural and functional organization of the brain. To achieve this goal a multimodal atlas of the detailed microscopic and neurochemical structure of the brain must be registered to a stereotaxic reference space or brain, which also serves as reference for topographic assignment of functional data, e.g., functional magnet resonance imaging, electroencephalography, or magnetoencephalography, as well as metabolic imaging, e.g., positron emission tomography. Although classic maps remain pioneering steps, they do not match recent concepts of the functional organization in many regions, and suffer from methodic drawbacks. This chapter provides a summary of the recent status of human brain mapping, which is based on multimodal approaches integrating results of quantitative cyto- and receptor architectonic studies with focus on the cerebral cortex in a widely used reference brain. Descriptions of the methods for observer-independent and statistically testable cytoarchitectonic parcellations, quantitative multireceptor mapping, and registration to the reference brain, including the concept of probability maps and a toolbox for using the maps in functional neuroimaging studies, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany.
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Mann T, Zilles K, Klawitter F, Cremer M, Hawlitschka A, Palomero-Gallagher N, Schmitt O, Wree A. Acetylcholine Neurotransmitter Receptor Densities in the Striatum of Hemiparkinsonian Rats Following Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:65. [PMID: 30147647 PMCID: PMC6095974 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic neurotransmission has a pivotal function in the caudate-putamen, and is highly associated with the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Here, we investigated long-term changes in the densities of the muscarinic receptor subtypes M1, M2, M3 (mAchRs) and the nicotinic receptor subtype α4β2 (nAchRs) in the striatum of the 6-OHDA-induced hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rat model using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. Hemi-PD rats exhibited an ipsilateral decrease in striatal mAchR densities between 6 and 16%. Moreover, a massive and constant decrease in striatal nAchR density by 57% was found. A second goal of the study was to disclose receptor-related mechanisms for the positive motor effect of intrastriatally injected Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) in hemi-PD rats in the apomorphine rotation test. Therefore, the effect of intrastriatally injected BoNT-A in control and hemi-PD rats on mAchR and nAchR densities was analyzed and compared to control animals or vehicle-injected hemi-PD rats. BoNT-A administration slightly reduced interhemispheric differences of mAchR and nAchR densities in hemi-PD rats. Importantly, the BoNT-A effect on striatal nAchRs significantly correlated with behavioral testing after apomorphine application. This study gives novel insights of 6-OHDA-induced effects on striatal mAchR and nAchR densities, and partly explains the therapeutic effect of BoNT-A in hemi-PD rats on a cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mann
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Klawitter
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Cremer
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Rostock University Medical Center, Institute of Anatomy, Rostock, Germany
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Antipova V, Wree A, Holzmann C, Mann T, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Schmitt O, Hawlitschka A. Unilateral Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection into the Striatum of C57BL/6 Mice Leads to a Different Motor Behavior Compared with Rats. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E295. [PMID: 30018211 PMCID: PMC6070800 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10070295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Different morphological changes in the caudate-putamen (CPu) of naïve rats and mice were observed after intrastriatal botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) injection. For this purpose we here studied various motor behaviors in mice (n = 46) longitudinally up to 9 months after intrastriatal BoNT-A administration as previously reported for rats, and compared both outcomes. Apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced rotational behavior, spontaneous motor behavior, as well as lateralized neglect were studied in mice after the injection of single doses of BoNT-A into the right CPu, comparing them with sham-injected animals. Unilateral intrastriatal injection of BoNT-A in mice induced significantly increased contralateral apomorphine-induced rotations for 1 to 3 months, as well as significantly increased contralateral amphetamine-induced rotations 1 to 9 months after injection. In rats (n = 28), unilateral BoNT-A injection also induced significantly increased contralateral apomorphine-induced rotations 3 months after injection, but did not provoke amphetamine-induced rotations at all. Lateralized sensorimotor integration, forelimb preference, and forelimb stepping were significantly impaired on the left side. The differences in motor behaviors between rats and mice may be caused by different BoNT-A effects on cholinergic and catecholaminergic fibers in rat and mouse striata, interspecies differences in striatal receptor densities, and different connectomes of the basal ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Antipova
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21/1, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Carsten Holzmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 8, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Teresa Mann
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
- JARA-Translational Brain Medicine, D-52062 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Schmitt
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hawlitschka
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstrasse 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Wagstyl K, Lepage C, Bludau S, Zilles K, Fletcher PC, Amunts K, Evans AC. Mapping Cortical Laminar Structure in the 3D BigBrain. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2551-2562. [PMID: 29901791 PMCID: PMC5998962 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Histological sections offer high spatial resolution to examine laminar architecture of the human cerebral cortex; however, they are restricted by being 2D, hence only regions with sufficiently optimal cutting planes can be analyzed. Conversely, noninvasive neuroimaging approaches are whole brain but have relatively low resolution. Consequently, correct 3D cross-cortical patterns of laminar architecture have never been mapped in histological sections. We developed an automated technique to identify and analyze laminar structure within the high-resolution 3D histological BigBrain. We extracted white matter and pial surfaces, from which we derived histologically verified surfaces at the layer I/II boundary and within layer IV. Layer IV depth was strongly predicted by cortical curvature but varied between areas. This fully automated 3D laminar analysis is an important requirement for bridging high-resolution 2D cytoarchitecture and in vivo 3D neuroimaging. It lays the foundation for in-depth, whole-brain analyses of cortical layering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Wagstyl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Claude Lepage
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Germany
- JARA—Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt-Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alan C Evans
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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28
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29
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Wedekind F, Oskamp A, Lang M, Hawlitschka A, Zilles K, Wree A, Bauer A. Intrastriatal administration of botulinum neurotoxin A normalizes striatal D 2
R binding and reduces striatal D 1
R binding in male hemiparkinsonian rats. J Neurosci Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Rosenke M, Weiner KS, Barnett MA, Zilles K, Amunts K, Goebel R, Grill-Spector K. A cross-validated cytoarchitectonic atlas of the human ventral visual stream. Neuroimage 2018; 170:257-270. [PMID: 28213120 PMCID: PMC5559348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ventral visual stream consists of several areas that are considered processing stages essential for perception and recognition. A fundamental microanatomical feature differentiating areas is cytoarchitecture, which refers to the distribution, size, and density of cells across cortical layers. Because cytoarchitectonic structure is measured in 20-micron-thick histological slices of postmortem tissue, it is difficult to assess (a) how anatomically consistent these areas are across brains and (b) how they relate to brain parcellations obtained with prevalent neuroimaging methods, acquired at the millimeter and centimeter scale. Therefore, the goal of this study was to (a) generate a cross-validated cytoarchitectonic atlas of the human ventral visual stream on a whole brain template that is commonly used in neuroimaging studies and (b) to compare this atlas to a recently published retinotopic parcellation of visual cortex (Wang et al., 2014). To achieve this goal, we generated an atlas of eight cytoarchitectonic areas: four areas in the occipital lobe (hOc1-hOc4v) and four in the fusiform gyrus (FG1-FG4), then we tested how the different alignment techniques affect the accuracy of the resulting atlas. Results show that both cortex-based alignment (CBA) and nonlinear volumetric alignment (NVA) generate an atlas with better cross-validation performance than affine volumetric alignment (AVA). Additionally, CBA outperformed NVA in 6/8 of the cytoarchitectonic areas. Finally, the comparison of the cytoarchitectonic atlas to a retinotopic atlas shows a clear correspondence between cytoarchitectonic and retinotopic areas in the ventral visual stream. The successful performance of CBA suggests a coupling between cytoarchitectonic areas and macroanatomical landmarks in the human ventral visual stream, and furthermore, that this coupling can be utilized for generating an accurate group atlas. In addition, the coupling between cytoarchitecture and retinotopy highlights the potential use of this atlas in understanding how anatomical features contribute to brain function. We make this cytoarchitectonic atlas freely available in both BrainVoyager and FreeSurfer formats (http://vpnl.stanford.edu/vcAtlas). The availability of this atlas will enable future studies to link cytoarchitectonic organization to other parcellations of the human ventral visual stream with potential to advance the understanding of this pathway in typical and atypical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rosenke
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Barnett
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), and JARA Brain, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA-BRAIN, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), and JARA Brain, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Stanford Neuroscience Institute, Stanford, CA, United States
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31
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Mann T, Zilles K, Dikow H, Hellfritsch A, Cremer M, Piel M, Rösch F, Hawlitschka A, Schmitt O, Wree A. Dopamine, Noradrenaline and Serotonin Receptor Densities in the Striatum of Hemiparkinsonian Rats following Botulinum Neurotoxin-A Injection. Neuroscience 2018; 374:187-204. [PMID: 29421436 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) that causes a dopamine (DA) deficit in the caudate-putamen (CPu) accompanied by compensatory changes in other neurotransmitter systems. These changes result in severe motor and non-motor symptoms. To disclose the role of various receptor binding sites for DA, noradrenaline, and serotonin in the hemiparkinsonian (hemi-PD) rat model induced by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection, the densities of D1, D2/D3, α1, α2, and 5HT2A receptors were longitudinally visualized and measured in the CPu of hemi-PD rats by quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography. We found a moderate increase in D1 receptor density 3 weeks post lesion that decreased during longer survival times, a significant increase of D2/D3 receptor density, and 50% reduction in 5HT2A receptor density. α1 receptor density remained unaltered in hemi-PD and α2 receptors demonstrated a slight right-left difference increasing with post lesion survival. In a second step, the possible role of receptors on the known reduction of apomorphine-induced rotations in hemi-PD rats by intrastriatally injected Botulinum neurotoxin-A (BoNT-A) was analyzed by measuring the receptor densities after BoNT-A injection. The application of this neurotoxin reduced D2/D3 receptor density, whereas the other receptors mainly remained unaltered. Our results provide novel data for an understanding of the postlesional plasticity of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic receptors in the hemi-PD rat model. The results further suggest a therapeutic effect of BoNT-A on the impaired motor behavior of hemi-PD rats by reducing the interhemispheric imbalance in D2/D3 receptor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mann
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - K Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, and Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, D-52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - H Dikow
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - A Hellfritsch
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Cremer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M Piel
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - F Rösch
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Fritz-Strassmann-Weg 2, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hawlitschka
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Schmitt
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - A Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Gertrudenstraße 9, D-18057 Rostock, Germany.
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Herold C, Bidmon HJ, Pannek HW, Hans V, Gorji A, Speckmann EJ, Zilles K. ATPase N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive Fusion Protein: A Novel Key Player for Causing Spontaneous Network Excitation in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neuroscience 2018; 371:371-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lorenz S, Weiner KS, Caspers J, Mohlberg H, Schleicher A, Bludau S, Eickhoff SB, Grill-Spector K, Zilles K, Amunts K. Two New Cytoarchitectonic Areas on the Human Mid-Fusiform Gyrus. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:373-385. [PMID: 26464475 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Areas of the fusiform gyrus (FG) within human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) process high-level visual information associated with faces, limbs, words, and places. Since classical cytoarchitectonic maps do not adequately reflect the functional and structural heterogeneity of the VTC, we studied the cytoarchitectonic segregation in a region, which is rostral to the recently identified cytoarchitectonic areas FG1 and FG2. Using an observer-independent and statistically testable parcellation method, we identify 2 new areas, FG3 and FG4, in 10 human postmortem brains on the mid-FG. The mid-fusiform sulcus reliably identifies the cytoarchitectonic transition between FG3 and FG4. We registered these cytoarchitectonic areas to the common reference space of the single-subject Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template and generated probability maps, which reflect the intersubject variability of both areas. Future studies can relate in vivo neuroimaging data with these microscopically defined cortical areas to functional parcellations. We discuss these results in the context of both large-scale functional maps and fine-scale functional clusters that have been identified within the human VTC. We propose that our observer-independent cytoarchitectonic parcellation of the FG better explains the functional heterogeneity of the FG compared with the homogeneity of classic cytoarchitectonic maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lorenz
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | | | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology.,Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
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Abstract
This chapter summarizes current knowledge on the structural segregation of the parietal lobe based on cyto-, myelo-, and receptorarchitectonic studies, as well as the connectivity of this brain region with other cortical and subcortical structures. The anterior part of the human parietal cortex comprises the somatosensory areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2, whereas the posterior part contains seven multimodal areas in both the superior and inferior parietal lobules. Available cytoarchitectonic maps of the human intraparietal sulcus do not provide a complete picture yet. Myelo- and receptorarchitectonic analyses largely confirm but also further differentiate the cytoarchitectonic maps. With the advent of diffusion imaging and functional connectivity studies, further insight into the structural and functional organization has been achieved. It shows that the posterior parietal cortex is a key node in anatomic networks connecting visual with (pre)frontal cortices, and temporal with parts of frontal cortices. Here, the superior longitudinal fascicle and its components play a major role, together with the arcuate and middle longitudinal fascicles. Major connections with subcortical structures, particularly the basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei, are discussed. Finally, the importance of precise maps of parietal areas for defining seed regions in structural and functional connectivity studies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Caspers
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Kedo O, Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N, Schleicher A, Mohlberg H, Bludau S, Amunts K. Receptor-driven, multimodal mapping of the human amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:1637-1666. [PMID: 29188378 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human amygdala consists of subdivisions contributing to various functions. However, principles of structural organization at the cellular and molecular level are not well understood. Thus, we re-analyzed the cytoarchitecture of the amygdala and generated cytoarchitectonic probabilistic maps of ten subdivisions in stereotaxic space based on novel workflows and mapping tools. This parcellation was then used as a basis for analyzing the receptor expression for 15 receptor types. Receptor fingerprints, i.e., the characteristic balance between densities of all receptor types, were generated in each subdivision to comprehensively visualize differences and similarities in receptor architecture between the subdivisions. Fingerprints of the central and medial nuclei and the anterior amygdaloid area were highly similar. Fingerprints of the lateral, basolateral and basomedial nuclei were also similar to each other, while those of the remaining nuclei were distinct in shape. Similarities were further investigated by a hierarchical cluster analysis: a two-cluster solution subdivided the phylogenetically older part (central, medial nuclei, anterior amygdaloid area) from the remaining parts of the amygdala. A more fine-grained three-cluster solution replicated our previous parcellation including a laterobasal, superficial and centromedial group. Furthermore, it helped to better characterize the paralaminar nucleus with a molecular organization in-between the laterobasal and the superficial group. The multimodal cyto- and receptor-architectonic analysis of the human amygdala provides new insights into its microstructural organization, intersubject variability, localization in stereotaxic space and principles of receptor-based neurochemical differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bludau
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Aachen, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Herold C, Paulitschek C, Palomero-Gallagher N, Güntürkün O, Zilles K. Transmitter receptors reveal segregation of the arcopallium/amygdala complex in pigeons (Columba livia). J Comp Neurol 2017; 526:439-466. [PMID: 29063593 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the 20th century it was suggested that a complex group of nuclei in the avian posterior ventral telencephalon is comparable to the mammalian amygdala. Subsequent findings, however, revealed that most of these structures share premotor characteristics, while some indeed constitute the avian amygdala. These developments resulted in 2004 in a change of nomenclature of these nuclei, which from then on were named arcopallial or amygdala nuclei and referred to as the arcopallium/amygdala complex. The structural basis for the similarities between avian and mammalian arcopallial and amygdala subregions is poorly understood. Therefore, we analyzed binding site densities for glutamatergic AMPA, NMDA and kainate, GABAergic GABAA , muscarinic M1 , M2 and nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh; α4 β2 subtype), noradrenergic α1 and α2 , serotonergic 5-HT1A and dopaminergic D1/5 receptors using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography combined with a detailed analysis of the cyto- and myelo-architecture. Our approach supports a segregation of the pigeon's arcopallium/amygdala complex into the following subregions: the arcopallium anterius (AA), the arcopallium ventrale (AV), the arcopallium dorsale (AD), the arcopallium intermedium (AI), the arcopallium mediale (AM), the arcopallium posterius (AP), the nucleus posterioris amygdalopallii pars basalis (PoAb) and pars compacta (PoAc), the nucleus taeniae amgygdalae (TnA) and the area subpallialis amygdalae (SpA). Some of these subregions showed further subnuclei and each region of the arcopallium/amygdala complex are characterized by a distinct multi-receptor density expression. Here we provide a new detailed map of the pigeon's arcopallium/amygdala complex and compare the receptor architecture of the subregions to their possible mammalian counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Herold
- C. and O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Paulitschek
- C. and O. Vogt Institute of Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Onur Güntürkün
- Department of Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-1, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, and JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
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Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multiple Transmitter Receptors in Regions and Layers of the Human Cerebral Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:78. [PMID: 28970785 PMCID: PMC5609104 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We measured the densities (fmol/mg protein) of 15 different receptors of various transmitter systems in the supragranular, granular and infragranular strata of 44 areas of visual, somatosensory, auditory and multimodal association systems of the human cerebral cortex. Receptor densities were obtained after labeling of the receptors using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography in human postmortem brains. The mean density of each receptor type over all cortical layers and of each of the three major strata varies between cortical regions. In a single cortical area, the multi-receptor fingerprints of its strata (i.e., polar plots, each visualizing the densities of multiple different receptor types in supragranular, granular or infragranular layers of the same cortical area) differ in shape and size indicating regional and laminar specific balances between the receptors. Furthermore, the three strata are clearly segregated into well definable clusters by their receptor fingerprints. Fingerprints of different cortical areas systematically vary between functional networks, and with the hierarchical levels within sensory systems. Primary sensory areas are clearly separated from all other cortical areas particularly by their very high muscarinic M2 and nicotinic α4β2 receptor densities, and to a lesser degree also by noradrenergic α2 and serotonergic 5-HT2 receptors. Early visual areas of the dorsal and ventral streams are segregated by their multi-receptor fingerprints. The results are discussed on the background of functional segregation, cortical hierarchies, microstructural types, and the horizontal (layers) and vertical (columns) organization in the cerebral cortex. We conclude that a cortical column is composed of segments, which can be assigned to the cortical strata. The segments differ by their patterns of multi-receptor balances, indicating different layer-specific signal processing mechanisms. Additionally, the differences between the strata-and area-specific fingerprints of the 44 areas reflect the segregation of the cerebral cortex into functionally and topographically definable groups of cortical areas (visual, auditory, somatosensory, limbic, motor), and reveals their hierarchical position (primary and unimodal (early) sensory to higher sensory and finally to multimodal association areas). HighlightsDensities of transmitter receptors vary between areas of human cerebral cortex. Multi-receptor fingerprints segregate cortical layers. The densities of all examined receptor types together reach highest values in the supragranular stratum of all areas. The lowest values are found in the infragranular stratum. Multi-receptor fingerprints of entire areas and their layers segregate functional systems Cortical types (primary sensory, motor, multimodal association) differ in their receptor fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1)Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA-Translational Brain MedicineAachen, Germany
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Research Centre Jülich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1)Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, and JARA-Translational Brain MedicineAachen, Germany
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Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K. Cortical layers: Cyto-, myelo-, receptor- and synaptic architecture in human cortical areas. Neuroimage 2017; 197:716-741. [PMID: 28811255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical layers have classically been identified by their distinctive and prevailing cell types and sizes, as well as the packing densities of cell bodies or myelinated fibers. The densities of multiple receptors for classical neurotransmitters also vary across the depth of the cortical ribbon, and thus determine the neurochemical properties of cyto- and myeloarchitectonic layers. However, a systematic comparison of the correlations between these histologically definable layers and the laminar distribution of transmitter receptors is currently lacking. We here analyze the densities of 17 different receptors of various transmitter systems in the layers of eight cytoarchitectonically identified, functionally (motor, sensory, multimodal) and hierarchically (primary and secondary sensory, association) distinct areas of the human cerebral cortex. Maxima of receptor densities are found in different layers when comparing different cortical regions, i.e. laminar receptor densities demonstrate differences in receptorarchitecture between isocortical areas, notably between motor and primary sensory cortices, specifically the primary visual and somatosensory cortices, as well as between allocortical and isocortical areas. Moreover, considerable differences are found between cytoarchitectonical and receptor architectonical laminar patterns. Whereas the borders of cyto- and myeloarchitectonic layers are well comparable, the laminar profiles of receptor densities rarely coincide with the histologically defined borders of layers. Instead, highest densities of most receptors are found where the synaptic density is maximal, i.e. in the supragranular layers, particularly in layers II-III. The entorhinal cortex as an example of the allocortex shows a peculiar laminar organization, which largely deviates from that of all the other cortical areas analyzed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; JARA - Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany.
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Gomez J, Barnett MA, Natu V, Mezer A, Palomero-Gallagher N, Weiner KS, Amunts K, Zilles K, Grill-Spector K. Microstructural proliferation in human cortex is coupled with the development of face processing. Science 2017; 355:68-71. [PMID: 28059764 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
How does cortical tissue change as brain function and behavior improve from childhood to adulthood? By combining quantitative and functional magnetic resonance imaging in children and adults, we find differential development of high-level visual areas that are involved in face and place recognition. Development of face-selective regions, but not place-selective regions, is dominated by microstructural proliferation. This tissue development is correlated with specific increases in functional selectivity to faces, as well as improvements in face recognition, and ultimately leads to differentiated tissue properties between face- and place-selective regions in adulthood, which we validate with postmortem cytoarchitectonic measurements. These data suggest a new model by which emergent brain function and behavior result from cortical tissue proliferation rather than from pruning exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Gomez
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Vaidehi Natu
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Mezer
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Kevin S Weiner
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Research Division, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Research Division, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. .,Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Wedekind F, Oskamp A, Lang M, Hawlitschka A, Zilles K, Wree A, Bauer A. Intrastriatal administration of botulinum neurotoxin A normalizes striatal D2R binding and reduces striatal D1R binding in male hemiparkinsonian rats. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:75-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Wedekind
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-2, Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Angela Oskamp
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-2, Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | - Markus Lang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-5, Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
| | | | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
- Department of Psychiatry; Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen and JARA-Translational Brain Medicine; Aachen Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy; Rostock University Medical Center; Rostock Germany
| | - Andreas Bauer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-2, Research Center Jülich; Jülich Germany
- Department of Neurology; Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf Germany
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41
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Baldermann JC, Hardenacke K, Hu X, Köster P, Horn A, Freund HJ, Zilles K, Sturm V, Visser-Vandewalle V, Jessen F, Maintz D, Kuhn J. Neuroanatomical Characteristics Associated With Response to Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuromodulation 2017; 21:184-190. [PMID: 28653404 DOI: 10.1111/ner.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES First reports on the application of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) showed feasibility and safety of the intervention in patients with Alzheimer´s disease. However, clinical effects vary and the mechanisms of actions are still not well understood. The aim of this study was to characterize neuroimaging changes that are associated with the responsiveness to the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined preoperative T1-weighted MR images of ten patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with DBS of the NBM and correlated the clinical outcome with volumetric differences of cortical thickness. Subsequently, we sought to identify brain regions that carry out the clinical effects by correlating the outcome with streamlines connected to the volume of activated tissue. Clinical assessments at baseline, 6 and 12 months after the intervention included the AD Assessment Scale as well as the mini mental status examination. RESULTS A fronto-parieto-temporal pattern of cortical thickness was found to be associated with beneficial outcome. Modulation of streamlines connected to left parietal and opercular cortices was associated with better response to the intervention. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that patients with less advanced atrophy may profit from DBS of the NBM. We conclude that beneficial effects of the intervention are related to preserved fronto-parieto-temporal interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Baldermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katja Hardenacke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Xiaochen Hu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Phillip Köster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Horn
- Department of Neurology, Charité - University Medicine (CVK), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Karl Zilles
- Research Centre Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Juelich, Germany.,University Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Volker Sturm
- Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - David Maintz
- Department for Radiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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42
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Zeineh MM, Palomero-Gallagher N, Axer M, Gräßel D, Goubran M, Wree A, Woods R, Amunts K, Zilles K. Direct Visualization and Mapping of the Spatial Course of Fiber Tracts at Microscopic Resolution in the Human Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:1779-1794. [PMID: 26874183 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While hippocampal connectivity is essential to normal memory function, our knowledge of human hippocampal circuitry is largely inferred from animal studies. Using polarized light microscopy at 1.3 µm resolution, we have directly visualized the 3D course of key medial temporal pathways in 3 ex vivo human hemispheres and 2 ex vivo vervet monkey hemispheres. The multiple components of the perforant path system were clearly identified: Superficial sheets of fibers emanating from the entorhinal cortex project to the presubiculum and parasubiculum, intermixed transverse and longitudinal angular bundle fibers perforate the subiculum and then project to the cornu ammonis (CA) fields and dentate molecular layer, and a significant alvear component runs from the angular bundle to the CA fields. From the hilus, mossy fibers localize to regions of high kainate receptor density, and the endfolial pathway, mostly investigated in humans, merges with the Schaffer collaterals. This work defines human hippocampal pathways underlying mnemonic function at an unprecedented resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Markus Axer
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - David Gräßel
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Maged Goubran
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Roger Woods
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,JARA Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Translational Brain Medicine, Jülich, Germany
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Weiner KS, Barnett MA, Witthoft N, Golarai G, Stigliani A, Kay KN, Gomez J, Natu VS, Amunts K, Zilles K, Grill-Spector K. Defining the most probable location of the parahippocampal place area using cortex-based alignment and cross-validation. Neuroimage 2017; 170:373-384. [PMID: 28435097 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The parahippocampal place area (PPA) is a widely studied high-level visual region in the human brain involved in place and scene processing. The goal of the present study was to identify the most probable location of place-selective voxels in medial ventral temporal cortex. To achieve this goal, we first used cortex-based alignment (CBA) to create a probabilistic place-selective region of interest (ROI) from one group of 12 participants. We then tested how well this ROI could predict place selectivity in each hemisphere within a new group of 12 participants. Our results reveal that a probabilistic ROI (pROI) generated from one group of 12 participants accurately predicts the location and functional selectivity in individual brains from a new group of 12 participants, despite between subject variability in the exact location of place-selective voxels relative to the folding of parahippocampal cortex. Additionally, the prediction accuracy of our pROI is significantly higher than that achieved by volume-based Talairach alignment. Comparing the location of the pROI of the PPA relative to published data from over 500 participants, including data from the Human Connectome Project, shows a striking convergence of the predicted location of the PPA and the cortical location of voxels exhibiting the highest place selectivity across studies using various methods and stimuli. Specifically, the most predictive anatomical location of voxels exhibiting the highest place selectivity in medial ventral temporal cortex is the junction of the collateral and anterior lingual sulci. Methodologically, we make this pROI freely available (vpnl.stanford.edu/PlaceSelectivity), which provides a means to accurately identify a functional region from anatomical MRI data when fMRI data are not available (for example, in patient populations). Theoretically, we consider different anatomical and functional factors that may contribute to the consistent anatomical location of place selectivity relative to the folding of high-level visual cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Michael A Barnett
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Nathan Witthoft
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Golijeh Golarai
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Anthony Stigliani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Kendrick N Kay
- Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Jesse Gomez
- Stanford Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Vaidehi S Natu
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
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44
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Chiu WZ, Donker Kaat L, Boon AJW, Kamphorst W, Schleicher A, Zilles K, van Swieten JC, Palomero-Gallagher N. Multireceptor fingerprints in progressive supranuclear palsy. Alzheimers Res Ther 2017; 9:28. [PMID: 28412965 PMCID: PMC5393015 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-017-0259-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) with a frontal presentation, characterized by cognitive deficits and behavioral changes, has been recognized as an early clinical picture, distinct from the classical so-called Richardson and parkinsonism presentations. The midcingulate cortex is associated with executive and attention tasks and has consistently been found to be impaired in imaging studies of patients with PSP. The aim of the present study was to determine alterations in neurotransmission underlying the pathophysiology of PSP, as well as their significance for clinically identifiable PSP subgroups. Methods In vitro receptor autoradiography was used to quantify densities of 20 different receptors in the caudate nucleus and midcingulate area 24' of patients with PSP (n = 16) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 14). Results Densities of γ-aminobutyric acid type B, peripheral benzodiazepine, serotonin receptor type 2, and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors were significantly higher in area 24′ of patients with PSP, where tau impairment was stronger than in the caudate nucleus. Kainate and nicotinic cholinergic receptor densities were significantly lower, and adenosine receptor type 1 (A1) receptors significantly higher, in the caudate nucleus of patients with PSP. Receptor fingerprints also segregated PSP subgroups when clinical parameters such as occurrence of frontal presentation and tau pathology severity were taken into consideration. Conclusions We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that kainate and A1 receptors are altered in PSP and that clinically identifiable PSP subgroups differ at the neurochemical level. Numerous receptors were altered in the midcingulate cortex, further suggesting that it may prove to be a key region in PSP. Finally, we add to the evidence that nondopaminergic systems play a role in the pathophysiology of PSP, thus highlighting potential novel treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng Chiu
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnita J W Boon
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Kamphorst
- Department of Neuropathology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Schleicher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Translational Brain Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Duarte R, Seeholzer A, Zilles K, Morrison A. Synaptic patterning and the timescales of cortical dynamics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 43:156-165. [PMID: 28407562 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neocortical circuits, as large heterogeneous recurrent networks, can potentially operate and process signals at multiple timescales, but appear to be differentially tuned to operate within certain temporal receptive windows. The modular and hierarchical organization of this selectivity mirrors anatomical and physiological relations throughout the cortex and is likely determined by the regional electrochemical composition. Being consistently patterned and actively regulated, the expression of molecules involved in synaptic transmission constitutes the most significant source of laminar and regional variability. Due to their complex kinetics and adaptability, synapses form a natural primary candidate underlying this regional temporal selectivity. The ability of cortical networks to reflect the temporal structure of the sensory environment can thus be regulated by evolutionary and experience-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Duarte
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA BRAIN Institute I, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; Institute of Adaptive and Neural Computation, School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Alexander Seeholzer
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; JARA-BRAIN, Aachen, Germany
| | - Abigail Morrison
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS-6) and JARA BRAIN Institute I, Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany; Bernstein Center Freiburg, Albert-Ludwig University of Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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46
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Graebenitz S, Cerina M, Lesting J, Kedo O, Gorji A, Pannek H, Hans V, Zilles K, Pape HC, Speckmann EJ. Directional spread of activity in synaptic networks of the human lateral amygdala. Neuroscience 2017; 349:330-340. [PMID: 28315444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous epileptiform activity has previously been observed in lateral amygdala (LA) slices derived from patients with intractable-temporal lobe epilepsy. The present study aimed to characterize intranuclear LA synaptic connectivity and to test the hypothesis that differences in the spread of flow of neuronal activity may relate to spontaneous epileptiform activity occurrence. Electrical activity was evoked through electrical microstimulation in acute human brain slices containing the LA, signals were recorded as local field potentials combined with fast optical imaging of voltage-sensitive dye fluorescence. Sites of stimulation and recording were systematically varied. Following recordings, slices were anatomically reconstructed using two-dimensional unitary slices as a reference for coronal and parasagittal planes. Local spatial patterns and spread of activity were assessed by incorporating the coordinates of electrical and optical recording sites into the respective unitary slice. A preferential directional spread of evoked electrical signals was observed from ventral to dorsal, rostral to caudal and medial to lateral regions in the LA. No differences in spread of evoked activity were observed between spontaneously and non-spontaneously active LA slices, i.e. basic properties of evoked synaptic responses were similar in the two functional types of LA slices, including input-output relationship, and paired-pulse depression. These results indicate a directed propagation of synaptic signals within the human LA in spontaneously active epileptic slices. We suggest that the lack of differences in local and in systemic information processing has to be found in confined epileptiform circuits within the amygdala likely involving well-known "epileptic neurons".
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital and Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Germany.
| | - Jörg Lesting
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Germany
| | - Olga Kedo
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heinz Pannek
- Bethel Epilepsy Center Bethel, Mara, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Volkmar Hans
- Institute of Neuropathology, Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfaelische Wilhelms-University Muenster, Germany
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47
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Gomez J, Barnett MA, Natu V, Mezer A, Palomero-Gallagher N, Weiner KS, Amunts K, Zilles K, Grill-Spector K. Microstructural proliferation in human cortex is coupled with the development of face processing. Science 2017. [PMID: 28059764 DOI: 10.1126/science.aag0311.microstructural] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
How does cortical tissue change as brain function and behavior improve from childhood to adulthood? By combining quantitative and functional magnetic resonance imaging in children and adults, we find differential development of high-level visual areas that are involved in face and place recognition. Development of face-selective regions, but not place-selective regions, is dominated by microstructural proliferation. This tissue development is correlated with specific increases in functional selectivity to faces, as well as improvements in face recognition, and ultimately leads to differentiated tissue properties between face- and place-selective regions in adulthood, which we validate with postmortem cytoarchitectonic measurements. These data suggest a new model by which emergent brain function and behavior result from cortical tissue proliferation rather than from pruning exclusively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Gomez
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Vaidehi Natu
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aviv Mezer
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Kevin S Weiner
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Research Division, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Research Division, Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
- Psychology Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Weiner KS, Barnett MA, Lorenz S, Caspers J, Stigliani A, Amunts K, Zilles K, Fischl B, Grill-Spector K. The Cytoarchitecture of Domain-specific Regions in Human High-level Visual Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:146-161. [PMID: 27909003 PMCID: PMC5939223 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental hypothesis in neuroscience proposes that underlying cellular architecture (cytoarchitecture) contributes to the functionality of a brain area. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in human ventral temporal cortex (VTC) that contains domain-specific regions causally involved in perception. To fill this gap in knowledge, we used cortex-based alignment to register functional regions from living participants to cytoarchitectonic areas in ex vivo brains. This novel approach reveals 3 findings. First, there is a consistent relationship between domain-specific regions and cytoarchitectonic areas: each functional region is largely restricted to 1 cytoarchitectonic area. Second, extracting cytoarchitectonic profiles from face- and place-selective regions after back-projecting each region to 20-μm thick histological sections indicates that cytoarchitectonic properties distinguish these regions from each other. Third, some cytoarchitectonic areas contain more than 1 domain-specific region. For example, face-, body-, and character-selective regions are located within the same cytoarchitectonic area. We summarize these findings with a parsimonious hypothesis incorporating how cellular properties may contribute to functional specialization in human VTC. Specifically, we link computational principles to correlated axes of functional and cytoarchitectonic segregation in human VTC, in which parallel processing across domains occurs along a lateral-medial axis while transformations of information within domain occur along an anterior-posterior axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin S. Weiner
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Simon Lorenz
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Julian Caspers
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty,University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthony Stigliani
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Cécile and Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT EECS/HST, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Bittner N, Jockwitz C, Moebus S, Pundt N, Bayen UJ, Zilles K, Amunts K, Caspers S. Lifestyle risk and cortical folding of older adults. Gesundheitswesen 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1586524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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50
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Gomez J, Barnett M, Natu V, Mezer A, Weiner K, Amunts K, Zilles K, Grill-Spector K. Macromolecular proliferation in human high-level visual cortex constrains development of function and behavior. J Vis 2016. [DOI: 10.1167/16.12.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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