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Sarda Gou M, Webb TL, Prescott T. The effect of direct and extended contact on attitudes towards social robots. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06418. [PMID: 33869828 PMCID: PMC8035528 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of social robots has the potential to address significant societal concerns, however, most people have limited experience of such technology. The present research investigated whether techniques borrowed from the psychology of intergroup relations – namely direct and extended contact – affect people's attitudes towards robots. Participants were provided with either direct contact with a social robot or extended contact (these participants watched a video recorded by a friend who had met the robot) before their explicit and implicit attitudes towards robots were measured. Results indicated that direct contact affected both explicit and implicit attitudes, while extended contact affected implicit attitudes. The implication of these findings is that contact with a robot, direct or indirect, can change attitudes; much as previous research has shown that contact with a person who is a member of an out-group can change attitudes towards that group. We conclude that methods and theories from the study of human intergroup relationships can be usefully applied to understand attitudes toward social robots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas L Webb
- Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Tony Prescott
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Sheffield, UK
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Salles A, Bjaalie JG, Evers K, Farisco M, Fothergill BT, Guerrero M, Maslen H, Muller J, Prescott T, Stahl BC, Walter H, Zilles K, Amunts K. The Human Brain Project: Responsible Brain Research for the Benefit of Society. Neuron 2019; 101:380-384. [PMID: 30731062 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing that its research may raise various ethical, social, and philosophical issues, the HBP has made the identification, examination, and management of those issues a top priority. The Ethics and Society subproject is part of the core research project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleen Salles
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centro de Investigaciones Filosóficas (CIF), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kathinka Evers
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michele Farisco
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Science and Society Unit, Biogem, Biology and Molecular Genetics Institute, Via Camporeale, Ariano Irpino (AV), Italy
| | - B Tyr Fothergill
- Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Manuel Guerrero
- Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Bioethics and Medical Humanities, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Hannah Maslen
- The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeffrey Muller
- Human Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Campus Biotech, Batiment B1, Chemin des Mines 9, CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tony Prescott
- Department of Computer Science and Sheffield Robotics, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Bernd C Stahl
- Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH D, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, INM-1, Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Juelich, GmbH D, 52425 Juelich, Germany; Cecile und Oskar Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the panoramic radiographic and CT features of cherubism in an unselected series of 15 adults. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 15 individuals aged 29-84 years with familial non-syndromal molecularly confirmed cherubism were examined with panoramic radiography and CT. Bone abnormalities were analysed and described. RESULTS 11 (73%) of the 15 adults had mandibular abnormalities. These abnormalities ranged from subtly detectable to severe, and were less prevalent and expansive but could be rather similar to the characteristic image features in children. Unilocular radiolucencies were more common than multilocular radiolucencies, and a specific feature of these abnormalities was that they were exclusively found in the anterior mandible. CONCLUSIONS The radiographic and CT abnormalities of cherubism in adults were frequent and extremely heterogeneous, with some distinct features.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Redfors
- Department of Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
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Caputo P, Faggionato A, Prescott T. Invariance principle for Mott variable range hopping and other walks on point processes. Ann Inst H Poincaré Probab Statist 2013. [DOI: 10.1214/12-aihp490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Grant R, Wieskotten S, Wengst N, Prescott T, Dehnhardt G. Vibrissal touch sensing in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina): how do seals judge size? J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:521-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Prescott T. Encyclopedia of touch. Scholarpedia 2012. [DOI: 10.4249/scholarpedia.6597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Jensen J, Prescott T, Rustad C, Redfors M, Storhaug K. Characterization of the Norwegian Cherubism Cohort. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Anderson SR, Pearson MJ, Pipe A, Prescott T, Dean P, Porrill J. Adaptive Cancelation of Self-Generated Sensory Signals in a Whisking Robot. IEEE T ROBOT 2010. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2010.2069990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sajjia M, Oubaha M, Prescott T, Olabi A. Development of cobalt ferrite powder preparation employing the sol-gel technique and its structural characterisation. EPJ Web of Conferences 2010. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20100605003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fox C, Prescott T. Hippocampal formation as unitary coherent particle filter. BMC Neurosci 2009. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-s1-p275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fox C, Humphries M, Mitchinson B, Kiss T, Somogyvari Z, Prescott T. Technical integration of hippocampus, Basal Ganglia and physical models for spatial navigation. Front Neuroinform 2009; 3:6. [PMID: 19333376 PMCID: PMC2659166 DOI: 10.3389/neuro.11.006.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational neuroscience is increasingly moving beyond modeling individual neurons or neural systems to consider the integration of multiple models, often constructed by different research groups. We report on our preliminary technical integration of recent hippocampal formation, basal ganglia and physical environment models, together with visualisation tools, as a case study in the use of Python across the modelling tool-chain. We do not present new modeling results here. The architecture incorporates leaky-integrator and rate-coded neurons, a 3D environment with collision detection and tactile sensors, 3D graphics and 2D plots. We found Python to be a flexible platform, offering a significant reduction in development time, without a corresponding significant increase in execution time. We illustrate this by implementing a part of the model in various alternative languages and coding styles, and comparing their execution times. For very large-scale system integration, communication with other languages and parallel execution may be required, which we demonstrate using the BRAHMS framework's Python bindings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fox
- Adaptive Behaviour Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield Sheffield, UK
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Rafferty A, Alsebaie A, Olabi A, Prescott T. Properties of zirconia-toughened-alumina prepared via powder processing and colloidal processing routes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 329:310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hadfield KD, Newman WG, Bowers NL, Wallace A, Bolger C, Colley A, McCann E, Trump D, Prescott T, Evans DGR. Molecular characterisation of SMARCB1 and NF2 in familial and sporadic schwannomatosis. J Med Genet 2008; 45:332-9. [PMID: 18285426 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2007.056499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schwannomatosis is a rare condition characterised by multiple schwannomas and lack of involvement of the vestibular nerve. A recent report identified bi-allelic mutations in the SMARCB1/INI1 gene in a single family with schwannomatosis. We aimed to establish the contribution of the SMARCB1 and the NF2 genes to sporadic and familial schwannomatosis in our cohort. METHODS We performed DNA sequence and dosage analysis of SMARCB1 and NF2 in 28 sporadic cases and 15 families with schwannomatosis. RESULTS We identified germline mutations in SMARCB1 in 5 of 15 (33.3%) families with schwannomatosis and 2 of 28 (7.1%) individuals with sporadic schwannomatosis. In all individuals with a germline mutation in SMARCB1 in whom tumour tissue was available, we detected a second hit with loss of SMARCB1. In addition, in all affected individuals with SMARCB1 mutations and available tumour tissue, we detected bi-allelic somatic inactivation of the NF2 gene. SMARCB1 mutations were associated with a higher number of spinal tumours in patients with a positive family history (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION In contrast to the recent report where no NF2 mutations were identified in a schwannomatosis family with SMARCB1 mutations, in our cohort, a four hit model with mutations in both SMARCB1 and NF2 define a subset of patients with schwannomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Hadfield
- Academic Unit of Medical Genetics, University of Manchester and Regional Genetics Service, Manchester, UK
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Jack B, Prescott T. Staff perceptions of night nurse clinicians. Prof Nurse 1999; 14:528-30. [PMID: 10532025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Many night nurses receive insufficient support from senior nurses. Reducing junior doctors' hours increases pressure on night nurses to carry out a wider range of duties. Night nurse clinicians benefit junior doctors, nurses and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jack
- University Hospital, Aintree, Liverpool
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Jack B, Prescott T. Staffing. Nightie-knights. Health Serv J 1999; 109:24. [PMID: 10339201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Jack
- Edge Hill University College, Fazakerley Hospital, Liverpool
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Prescott T. We get an early start on a.m. admits. RN 1990; 53:21-4. [PMID: 2385783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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