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Bauer PR, Sabourdy C, Chatard B, Rheims S, Lachaux JP, Vidal JR, Lutz A. Neural dynamics of mindfulness meditation and hypnosis explored with intracranial EEG: A feasibility study. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136345. [PMID: 34785313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) offers a unique window on brain dynamics with excellent temporal and spatial resolution and is less prone to recording artefacts than surface EEG. This study used a within-subject design to explore the feasibility to compare iEEG data during mind wandering, mindfulness meditation and hypnosis. RESULTS Three patients who had iEEG for clinical monitoring and who were new to mindfulness meditation and hypnosis were able to enter these states. We found non-specific and wide-spread amplitude modulations. Data-driven connectivity analysis revealed widespread connectivity patterns that were common across the three conditions. These were predominant in the low frequencies (delta, theta and alpha) and characterised by positively correlated activity. Connectivity patterns that were unique to the three conditions predominated in the gamma band, one third of the correlations in these patterns were negative. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to support the feasibility of a direct comparison of the neural correlates of mindfulness meditation and hypnosis using iEEG. These modulations may reflect the complex interplay between different known brain networks, and warrant further functional investigations in particular in the gamma band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca R Bauer
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292 -Lyon 1 University, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier (Bât. 462) - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron cédex, France; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Cécile Sabourdy
- Neurophysiology Unit, Division of Neurology, Grenoble Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Chatard
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292 -Lyon 1 University, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier (Bât. 462) - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron cédex, France
| | - Sylvain Rheims
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292 -Lyon 1 University, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier (Bât. 462) - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron cédex, France; Department of Functional Neurology and Epileptology, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292 -Lyon 1 University, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier (Bât. 462) - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron cédex, France
| | - Juan R Vidal
- Catholic University of Lyon, Sciences and Humanities Confluence Research Center, 2 Place des Archives, 69002 Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Lutz
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028 - CNRS UMR5292 -Lyon 1 University, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier (Bât. 462) - Neurocampus, 95 Bd Pinel, 69675 Bron cédex, France
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2
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Junker FB, Schlaffke L, Bellebaum C, Ghio M, Brühl S, Axmacher N, Schmidt-Wilcke T. Transition From Sublexical to Lexico-Semantic Stimulus Processing. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:522384. [PMID: 33192346 PMCID: PMC7662113 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.522384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resembling letter-by-letter translation, Morse code can be used to investigate various linguistic components by slowing down the cognitive process of language decoding. Using fMRI and Morse code, we investigated patterns of brain activation associated with decoding three-letter words or non-words and making a lexical decision. Our data suggest that early sublexical processing is associated with activation in brain regions that are involved in sound-patterns to phoneme conversion (inferior parietal lobule), phonological output buffer (inferior frontal cortex: pars opercularis) as well as phonological and semantic top-down predictions (inferior frontal cortex: pars triangularis). In addition, later lexico-semantic processing of meaningful stimuli is associated with activation of the phonological lexicon (angular gyrus) and the semantic system (default mode network). Overall, our data indicate that sublexical and lexico-semantic analyses comprise two cognitive processes that rely on neighboring networks in the left frontal cortex and parietal lobule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Benjamin Junker
- Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lara Schlaffke
- Department for Neurology, Professional Association Berufsgenossenschaft-University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christian Bellebaum
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marta Ghio
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Brühl
- St. Mauritius Therapy Clinic, Meerbusch, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolai Axmacher
- Department of Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- St. Mauritius Therapy Clinic, Meerbusch, Germany
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3
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Rączy K, Urbańczyk A, Korczyk M, Szewczyk JM, Sumera E, Szwed M. Orthographic Priming in Braille Reading as Evidence for Task-specific Reorganization in the Ventral Visual Cortex of the Congenitally Blind. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1065-1078. [PMID: 30938589 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The task-specific principle asserts that, following deafness or blindness, the deprived cortex is reorganized in a manner such that the task of a given area is preserved even though its input modality has been switched. Accordingly, tactile reading engages the ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) in the blind in a similar way to regular reading in the sighted. Others, however, show that the vOT of the blind processes spoken sentence structure, which suggests that the task-specific principle might not apply to vOT. The strongest evidence for the vOT's engagement in sighted reading comes from orthographic repetition-suppression studies. Here, congenitally blind adults were tested in an fMRI repetition-suppression paradigm. Results reveal a double dissociation, with tactile orthographic priming in the vOT and auditory priming in general language areas. Reconciling our finding with other evidence, we propose that the vOT in the blind serves multiple functions, one of which, orthographic processing, overlaps with its function in the sighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ewa Sumera
- Institute for the Blind and Partially Sighted Children, Krakow, Poland
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4
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Centanni TM, Norton ES, Ozernov-Palchik O, Park A, Beach SD, Halverson K, Gaab N, Gabrieli JDE. Disrupted left fusiform response to print in beginning kindergartners is associated with subsequent reading. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101715. [PMID: 30798165 PMCID: PMC6389729 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dyslexia is a common neurobiological disorder in which a child fails to acquire typical word reading skills despite adequate opportunity and intelligence. The visual word form area (VWFA) is a region within the left fusiform gyrus that specializes for print over the course of reading acquisition and is often hypoactivated in individuals with dyslexia. It is currently unknown whether atypicalities in this brain region are already present in kindergarten children who will subsequently develop dyslexia. Here, we measured fMRI activation in response to letters and false fonts in bilateral fusiform gyrus in children with and without risk for dyslexia (defined by family history or low scores on assessments of pre-reading skills, such as phonological awareness). We then followed these children longitudinally through the end of second grade to evaluate whether brain activation patterns in kindergarten were related to second-grade reading outcomes. Compared to typical readers who exhibited no risk factors for reading impairment in kindergarten, there was significant hypoactivation to both letters and false-fonts in the left fusiform gyrus in at-risk children who subsequently developed reading impairment, but not in at-risk children who developed typical reading skills. There were no significant differences in letter- or false-font responses in the right fusiform gyrus among the groups. The finding that hypoactivation to print in the VWFA is present in children who subsequently develop reading impairment even prior to the onset of formal reading instruction suggests that atypical responses to print play an early role in the development of reading impairments such as dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Centanni
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States.
| | - Elizabeth S Norton
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States; Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Ola Ozernov-Palchik
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Anne Park
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Sara D Beach
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Kelly Halverson
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Nadine Gaab
- Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - John D E Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research and MIT Integrated Learning Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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Perrone-Bertolotti M, Kauffmann L, Pichat C, Vidal JR, Baciu M. Effective Connectivity between Ventral Occipito-Temporal and Ventral Inferior Frontal Cortex during Lexico-Semantic Processing. A Dynamic Causal Modeling Study. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:325. [PMID: 28690506 PMCID: PMC5480016 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that dorsal and ventral pathways support distinct aspects of language processing. Yet, the full extent of their involvement and their inter-regional connectivity in visual word recognition is still unknown. Studies suggest that they might reflect the dual-route model of reading, with the dorsal pathway more involved in grapho-phonological conversion during phonological tasks, and the ventral pathway performing lexico-semantic access during semantic tasks. Furthermore, this subdivision is also suggested at the level of the inferior frontal cortex, involving ventral and dorsal parts for lexico-semantic and phonological processing, respectively. In the present study, we assessed inter-regional brain connectivity and task-induced modulations of brain activity during a phoneme detection and semantic categorization tasks, using fMRI in healthy subject. We used a dynamic causal modeling approach to assess inter-regional connectivity and task demand modulation within the dorsal and ventral pathways, including the following network components: the ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOTC; dorsal and ventral), the superior temporal gyrus (STG; dorsal), the dorsal inferior frontal gyrus (dIFG; dorsal), and the ventral IFG (vIFG; ventral). We report three distinct inter-regional interactions supporting orthographic information transfer from vOTC to other language regions (vOTC -> STG, vOTC -> vIFG and vOTC -> dIFG) regardless of task demands. Moreover, we found that (a) during semantic processing (direct ventral pathway) the vOTC -> vIFG connection strength specifically increased and (b) a lack of modulation of the vOTC -> dIFG connection strength by the task that could suggest a more general involvement of the dorsal pathway during visual word recognition. Results are discussed in terms of anatomo-functional connectivity of visual word recognition network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Louise Kauffmann
- Department of Psychology, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 51055105Grenoble, France.,Neural Mechanisms of Human Communication Research group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain SciencesLeipzig, Germany
| | - Cédric Pichat
- Department of Psychology, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 51055105Grenoble, France
| | - Juan R Vidal
- Department of Psychology, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 51055105Grenoble, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- Department of Psychology, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 51055105Grenoble, France
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6
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Fraga González G, Žarić G, Tijms J, Bonte M, van der Molen MW. Contributions of Letter-Speech Sound Learning and Visual Print Tuning to Reading Improvement: Evidence from Brain Potential and Dyslexia Training Studies. Brain Sci 2017; 7:E10. [PMID: 28106790 PMCID: PMC5297299 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We use a neurocognitive perspective to discuss the contribution of learning letter-speech sound (L-SS) associations and visual specialization in the initial phases of reading in dyslexic children. We review findings from associative learning studies on related cognitive skills important for establishing and consolidating L-SS associations. Then we review brain potential studies, including our own, that yielded two markers associated with reading fluency. Here we show that the marker related to visual specialization (N170) predicts word and pseudoword reading fluency in children who received additional practice in the processing of morphological word structure. Conversely, L-SS integration (indexed by mismatch negativity (MMN)) may only remain important when direct orthography to semantic conversion is not possible, such as in pseudoword reading. In addition, the correlation between these two markers supports the notion that multisensory integration facilitates visual specialization. Finally, we review the role of implicit learning and executive functions in audiovisual learning in dyslexia. Implications for remedial research are discussed and suggestions for future studies are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Fraga González
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands.
- Rudolf Berlin Center, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands.
| | - Gojko Žarić
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurgen Tijms
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands.
- Rudolf Berlin Center, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands.
- IWAL Institute, Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1001 EW, The Netherlands.
| | - Milene Bonte
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht 6200 MD, The Netherlands.
| | - Maurits W van der Molen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WS, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1018 WT, The Netherlands.
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7
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Perrone-Bertolotti M, Cerles M, Ramdeen KT, Boudiaf N, Pichat C, Hot P, Baciu M. The Self-Pleasantness Judgment Modulates the Encoding Performance and the Default Mode Network Activity. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:121. [PMID: 27047364 PMCID: PMC4796013 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we evaluated the effect of self-relevance on cerebral activity and behavioral performance during an incidental encoding task. Recent findings suggest that pleasantness judgments reliably induce self-oriented (internal) thoughts and increase default mode network (DMN) activity. We hypothesized that this increase in DMN activity would relate to increased memory recognition for pleasantly-judged stimuli (which depend on internally-oriented attention) but decreased recognition for unpleasantly-judged items (which depend on externally-oriented attention). To test this hypothesis, brain activity was recorded from 21 healthy participants while they performed a pleasantness judgment requiring them to rate visual stimuli as pleasant or unpleasant. One hour later, participants performed a surprise memory recognition test outside of the scanner. Thus, we were able to evaluate the effects of pleasant and unpleasant judgments on cerebral activity and incidental encoding. The behavioral results showed that memory recognition was better for items rated as pleasant than items rated as unpleasant. The whole brain analysis indicated that successful encoding (SE) activates the inferior frontal and lateral temporal cortices, whereas unsuccessful encoding (UE) recruits two key medial posterior DMN regions, the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and precuneus (PCU). A region of interest (ROI) analysis including classic DMN areas, revealed significantly greater involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in pleasant compared to unpleasant judgments, suggesting this region’s involvement in self-referential (i.e., internal) processing. This area may be responsible for the greater recognition performance seen for pleasant stimuli. Furthermore, a significant interaction between the encoding performance (successful vs. unsuccessful) and pleasantness was observed for the PCC, PCU and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Overall, our results suggest the involvement of medial frontal and parietal DMN regions during the evaluation of self-referential pleasantness. We discuss these results in terms of the introspective referential of pleasantness judgments and the differential brain modulation based on internally- vs. externally-oriented attention during encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| | - Melanie Cerles
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Kylee T Ramdeen
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France; School of Psychology, University of OttawaOttawa, ON, Canada
| | - Naila Boudiaf
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| | - Cedric Pichat
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hot
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Savoie Mont BlancChambéry, France
| | - Monica Baciu
- Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), University Grenoble AlpesGrenoble, France; Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5105Grenoble, France
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8
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Baciu M, Perrone-Bertolotti M. What do patients with epilepsy tell us about language dynamics? A review of fMRI studies. Rev Neurosci 2015; 26:323-41. [PMID: 25741734 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to resume major neuroimaging findings on language organization and plasticity in patients with focal and refractory epilepsy, to discuss the effect of modulatory variables that should be considered alongside patterns of reorganization, and to propose possible models of language reorganization. The focal and refractory epilepsy provides a real opportunity to investigate various types of language reorganization in different conditions. The 'chronic' condition (induced by the epileptogenic zone or EZ) is associated with either recruitment of homologous regions of the opposite hemisphere or recruitment of intrahemispheric, nonlinguistic regions. In the 'acute' condition (neurosurgery and EZ resection), the initial interhemispheric shift (induced by the chronic EZ) could follow a reverse direction, back to the initial hemisphere. These different patterns depend on several modulatory factors and are associated with various levels of language performance. As a neuroimaging tool, functional magnetic resonance imaging enables the detailed investigation of both hemispheres simultaneously and allows for comparison with healthy controls, potentially creating a more comprehensive and more realistic picture of brain-language relations. Importantly, functional neuroimaging approaches demonstrate a good degree of concordance on a theoretical level, but also a considerable degree of individual variability, attesting to the clinical importance with these methods to establish, empirically, language localization in individual patients. Overall, the unique features of epilepsy, combined with ongoing advances in technology, promise further improvement in understanding of language substrate.
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9
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Holm S, Eilertsen T, Price MC. How uncommon is tickertaping? Prevalence and characteristics of seeing the words you hear. Cogn Neurosci 2015; 6:89-99. [PMID: 25951376 PMCID: PMC4566903 DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2015.1048209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tickertape experience is the subjective phenomenon of routinely visualizing the orthographic appearance of words that one hears, speaks, or thinks, like mental subtitles in the mind’s eye. It has been observed in grapheme-color synesthetes, whose letter visualizations are colored, but has been very little studied. We report a survey, among 425 Norwegian adults from varied sub-samples, of the prevalence, character, and associated skills of tickertaping. Our questionnaire was designed to reflect different degrees of automaticity of the experience. While strongly automatic tickertaping appeared rare (n = 6; CI95 = 0.6% to 3.2% of sample), lesser degrees of text visualization were reported by more than half of respondents, indicating a continuity between extreme tickertaping and normal cognition. Tickertaping was not strongly associated with greater awareness of an inner voice while reading silently. We also found no strong evidence that tickertapers are unusually likely to self-report skill in rapidly enumerating heard words, or in backward spelling and backward speaking, despite the fact that these skills have been observed in single-case studies of tickertapers. The qualitative character of tickertaping varied among respondents, and included negative experiences. However visualization of letters was predominantly uncolored, indicating that tickertaping is a phenomenon in its own right and not just a subset of grapheme-color synesthesia. We suggest tickertaping is an explicit expression of the close interconnection between phonemic and graphemic representations of words which, for reasons we do not yet understand, manifests as visual imagery with a varying degree of automaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Holm
- a Psychology Faculty , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
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10
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Dehaene S, Cohen L, Morais J, Kolinsky R. Illiterate to literate: behavioural and cerebral changes induced by reading acquisition. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:234-44. [PMID: 25783611 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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11
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Vidal JR, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Kahane P, Lachaux JP. Intracranial spectral amplitude dynamics of perceptual suppression in fronto-insular, occipito-temporal, and primary visual cortex. Front Psychol 2015; 5:1545. [PMID: 25642199 PMCID: PMC4295601 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If conscious perception requires global information integration across active distant brain networks, how does the loss of conscious perception affect neural processing in these distant networks? Pioneering studies on perceptual suppression (PS) described specific local neural network responses in primary visual cortex, thalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex of the macaque brain. Yet the neural effects of PS have rarely been studied with intracerebral recordings outside these cortices and simultaneously across distant brain areas. Here, we combined (1) a novel experimental paradigm in which we produced a similar perceptual disappearance and also re-appearance by using visual adaptation with transient contrast changes, with (2) electrophysiological observations from human intracranial electrodes sampling wide brain areas. We focused on broadband high-frequency (50–150 Hz, i.e., gamma) and low-frequency (8–24 Hz) neural activity amplitude modulations related to target visibility and invisibility. We report that low-frequency amplitude modulations reflected stimulus visibility in a larger ensemble of recording sites as compared to broadband gamma responses, across distinct brain regions including occipital, temporal and frontal cortices. Moreover, the dynamics of the broadband gamma response distinguished stimulus visibility from stimulus invisibility earlier in anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus than in temporal regions, suggesting a possible role of fronto-insular cortices in top–down processing for conscious perception. Finally, we report that in primary visual cortex only low-frequency amplitude modulations correlated directly with perceptual status. Interestingly, in this sensory area broadband gamma was not modulated during PS but became positively modulated after 300 ms when stimuli were rendered visible again, suggesting that local networks could be ignited by top–down influences during conscious perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Vidal
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France ; University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F -38040 Grenoble France ; CNRS, LPNC, UMR 5105, F -38040 Grenoble France
| | - Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F -38040 Grenoble France ; CNRS, LPNC, UMR 5105, F -38040 Grenoble France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- CHU Grenoble and Department of Neurology, INSERM U704, F -38043 Grenoble France
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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12
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Vidal JR, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Levy J, De Palma L, Minotti L, Kahane P, Bertrand O, Lutz A, Jerbi K, Lachaux JP. Neural repetition suppression in ventral occipito-temporal cortex occurs during conscious and unconscious processing of frequent stimuli. Neuroimage 2014; 95:129-35. [PMID: 24667455 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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