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Tillmann B, Graves JE, Talamini F, Lévêque Y, Fornoni L, Hoarau C, Pralus A, Ginzburg J, Albouy P, Caclin A. Auditory cortex and beyond: Deficits in congenital amusia. Hear Res 2023; 437:108855. [PMID: 37572645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Congenital amusia is a neuro-developmental disorder of music perception and production, with the observed deficits contrasting with the sophisticated music processing reported for the general population. Musical deficits within amusia have been hypothesized to arise from altered pitch processing, with impairments in pitch discrimination and, notably, short-term memory. We here review research investigating its behavioral and neural correlates, in particular the impairments at encoding, retention, and recollection of pitch information, as well as how these impairments extend to the processing of pitch cues in speech and emotion. The impairments have been related to altered brain responses in a distributed fronto-temporal network, which can be observed also at rest. Neuroimaging studies revealed changes in connectivity patterns within this network and beyond, shedding light on the brain dynamics underlying auditory cognition. Interestingly, some studies revealed spared implicit pitch processing in congenital amusia, showing the power of implicit cognition in the music domain. Building on these findings, together with audiovisual integration and other beneficial mechanisms, we outline perspectives for training and rehabilitation and the future directions of this research domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tillmann
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France; Laboratory for Research on Learning and Development, Université de Bourgogne, LEAD - CNRS UMR5022, Dijon, France; LEAD-CNRS UMR5022; Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté; Pôle AAFE; 11 Esplanade Erasme; 21000 Dijon, France.
| | - Jackson E Graves
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d'études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Yohana Lévêque
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France
| | - Lesly Fornoni
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France
| | - Caliani Hoarau
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France
| | - Agathe Pralus
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France
| | - Jérémie Ginzburg
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France
| | - Philippe Albouy
- CERVO Brain Research Center, School of Psychology, Laval University, Québec, G1J 2G3; International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), CRBLM, Montreal QC, H2V 2J2, Canada
| | - Anne Caclin
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR5292, U1028, F-69500, Bron, France.
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Jiang J, Liu F, Zhou L, Chen L, Jiang C. Explicit processing of melodic structure in congenital amusia can be improved by redescription-associate learning. Neuropsychologia 2023; 182:108521. [PMID: 36870471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of musical processing. Previous research demonstrates that although explicit musical processing is impaired in congenital amusia, implicit musical processing can be intact. However, little is known about whether implicit knowledge could improve explicit musical processing in individuals with congenital amusia. To this end, we developed a training method utilizing redescription-associate learning, aiming at transferring implicit representations of perceptual states into explicit forms through verbal description and then establishing the associations between the perceptual states reported and responses via feedback, to investigate whether the explicit processing of melodic structure could be improved in individuals with congenital amusia. Sixteen amusics and 11 controls rated the degree of expectedness of melodies during EEG recording before and after training. In the interim, half of the amusics received nine training sessions on melodic structure, while the other half received no training. Results, based on effect size estimation, showed that at pretest, amusics but not controls failed to explicitly distinguish the regular from the irregular melodies and to exhibit an ERAN in response to the irregular endings. At posttest, trained but not untrained amusics performed as well as controls at both the behavioral and neural levels. At the 3-month follow-up, the training effects still maintained. These findings present novel electrophysiological evidence of neural plasticity in the amusic brain, suggesting that redescription-associate learning may be an effective method to remediate impaired explicit processes for individuals with other neurodevelopmental disorders who have intact implicit knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiang
- Music College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AL, UK
| | - Linshu Zhou
- Music College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Liaoliao Chen
- Foreign Languages College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Cunmei Jiang
- Music College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
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The role of working memory and visual processing in prototype category learning. Conscious Cogn 2021; 94:103176. [PMID: 34365150 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2021.103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate whetherworking memory and visual processing havethe same role or differentrolesin A/B and A/not A prototype category learning,the present study adoptedan A/Bor A/not A category learningtask in control and dual conditions. The results of Experiment 1 showed that an additional dual visual working memory taskrather thanadualverbal working memory task reduced accuracy of the A/B task, whereasnodual tasksinfluencedaccuracy of the A/not A task. The results of Experiment 2 revealed that an additionaldual visual processing task impairedaccuracy of the A/B task, whereas the dual visual processing task did not influence accuracy of the A/not Atask. These results indicate that visual working memory and visual processing play different roles in A/B and A/not A prototype category learning, andsupport that thesetwo types of prototype category learning are mediated by differentmemory systems.
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Pradilla I, Tierradentro-García LO, Palacios-Ariza MA, Díaz-Forero AF, Botero-Meneses JS, Talero-Gutiérrez C. Congenital amusia and academic performance among Colombian university students. Trends Neurosci Educ 2020; 20:100133. [PMID: 32917306 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2020.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital amusia is a rare neurogenetic and neuropsychological condition which hinders the ability to recognize variations in all aspects of a musical piece. Although previous studies have determined the prevalence of congenital amusia in the general population, few have studied its presence among university students. Findings regarding the association between this condition and academic performance are equivocal, although evidence suggests that musical training improves scholastic achievement. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study on a sample of 383 university students, all pursuing health-related degrees, comparing their class rank with their performance on the BRAMS Online Test for amusia. RESULTS We found a prevalence of 0.52% for pitch-based amusia. When applying the Off-Scale test failure criterion for the definition of amusia in our sample, we found a prevalence of 4.4%. Logistic models showed an increase in risk of poor academic performance (lowest quartile) in subjects who failed the off-scale test (Odds Ratio: 7.14 95% CI 2.59-19.6) and who met any of the described definitions of amusia (Odds Ratio: 4.89 95% CI 2.24-10.7). CONCLUSIONS Both musical training and self-report of musical ability significantly affected test results. Although musical education shows some effect over academic performance, further studies are required to determine if this is due to differential effects in subjects with and without amusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pradilla
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra 24 #63C-74 1st floor, Bogotá 111211, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Luis O Tierradentro-García
- Undergraduate Research Group in Neuroscience (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra 24 #63C-74 1st floor, Bogotá 111211, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Maria A Palacios-Ariza
- Research Unit, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Calle 23 # 66-46 Clinica Colombia, 5th Floor, Bogotá 111321, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Andrés F Díaz-Forero
- Undergraduate Research Group in Neuroscience (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra 24 #63C-74 1st floor, Bogotá 111211, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Juan S Botero-Meneses
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra 24 #63C-74 1st floor, Bogotá 111211, D.C., Colombia.
| | - Claudia Talero-Gutiérrez
- Neuroscience Research Group (NeURos), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Cra 24 #63C-74 1st floor, Bogotá 111211, D.C., Colombia.
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Lacey S, Nguyen J, Schneider P, Sathian K. Crossmodal Visuospatial Effects on Auditory Perception of Musical Contour. Multisens Res 2020; 34:113-127. [PMID: 33706275 DOI: 10.1163/22134808-bja10034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The crossmodal correspondence between auditory pitch and visuospatial elevation (in which high- and low-pitched tones are associated with high and low spatial elevation respectively) has been proposed as the basis for Western musical notation. One implication of this is that music perception engages visuospatial processes and may not be exclusively auditory. Here, we investigated how music perception is influenced by concurrent visual stimuli. Participants listened to unfamiliar five-note musical phrases with four kinds of pitch contour (rising, falling, rising-falling, or falling-rising), accompanied by incidental visual contours that were either congruent (e.g., auditory rising/visual rising) or incongruent (e.g., auditory rising/visual falling) and judged whether the final note of the musical phrase was higher or lower in pitch than the first. Response times for the auditory judgment were significantly slower for incongruent compared to congruent trials, i.e., there was a congruency effect, even though the visual contours were incidental to the auditory task. These results suggest that music perception, although generally regarded as an auditory experience, may actually be multisensory in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lacey
- 1Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0859, USA.,2Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0859, USA
| | - James Nguyen
- 1Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0859, USA
| | - Peter Schneider
- 3Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany.,4Department of Neurology, Heidelberg Medical School, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Sathian
- 1Department of Neurology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0859, USA.,2Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0859, USA.,5Department of Psychology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0859, USA
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Scheller M, Garcia S, Bathelt J, de Haan M, Petrini K. Active touch facilitates object size perception in children but not adults: A multisensory event related potential study. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146381. [PMID: 31419429 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase perceptual precision the adult brain dynamically combines redundant information from different senses depending on their reliability. During object size estimation, for example, visual, auditory and haptic information can be integrated to increase the precision of the final size estimate. Young children, however, do not integrate sensory information optimally and instead rely on active touch. Whether this early haptic dominance is reflected in age-related differences in neural mechanisms and whether it is driven by changes in bottom-up perceptual or top-down attentional processes has not yet been investigated. Here, we recorded event-related-potentials from a group of adults and children aged 5-7 years during an object size perception task using auditory, visual and haptic information. Multisensory information was presented either congruently (conveying the same information) or incongruently (conflicting information). No behavioral responses were required from participants. When haptic size information was available via actively tapping the objects, response amplitudes in the mid-parietal area were significantly reduced by information congruency in children but not in adults between 190 ms-250 ms and 310 ms-370 ms. These findings indicate that during object size perception only children's brain activity is modulated by active touch supporting a neural maturational shift from sensory dominance in early childhood to optimal multisensory benefit in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joe Bathelt
- Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, UK
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Visually induced gains in pitch discrimination: Linking audio-visual processing with auditory abilities. Atten Percept Psychophys 2019; 80:999-1010. [PMID: 29473142 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-017-1481-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Perception is fundamentally a multisensory experience. The principle of inverse effectiveness (PoIE) states how the multisensory gain is maximal when responses to the unisensory constituents of the stimuli are weak. It is one of the basic principles underlying multisensory processing of spatiotemporally corresponding crossmodal stimuli that are well established at behavioral as well as neural levels. It is not yet clear, however, how modality-specific stimulus features influence discrimination of subtle changes in a crossmodally corresponding feature belonging to another modality. Here, we tested the hypothesis that reliance on visual cues to pitch discrimination follow the PoIE at the interindividual level (i.e., varies with varying levels of auditory-only pitch discrimination abilities). Using an oddball pitch discrimination task, we measured the effect of varying visually perceived vertical position in participants exhibiting a wide range of pitch discrimination abilities (i.e., musicians and nonmusicians). Visual cues significantly enhanced pitch discrimination as measured by the sensitivity index d', and more so in the crossmodally congruent than incongruent condition. The magnitude of gain caused by compatible visual cues was associated with individual pitch discrimination thresholds, as predicted by the PoIE. This was not the case for the magnitude of the congruence effect, which was unrelated to individual pitch discrimination thresholds, indicating that the pitch-height association is robust to variations in auditory skills. Our findings shed light on individual differences in multisensory processing by suggesting that relevant multisensory information that crucially aids some perceivers' performance may be of less importance to others, depending on their unisensory abilities.
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Lu X, Sun Y, Ho HT, Thompson WF. Pitch contour impairment in congenital amusia: New insights from the Self-paced Audio-visual Contour Task (SACT). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179252. [PMID: 28617864 PMCID: PMC5472285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with congenital amusia usually exhibit impairments in melodic contour processing when asked to compare pairs of melodies that may or may not be identical to one another. However, it is unclear whether the impairment observed in contour processing is caused by an impairment of pitch discrimination, or is a consequence of poor pitch memory. To help resolve this ambiguity, we designed a novel Self-paced Audio-visual Contour Task (SACT) that evaluates sensitivity to contour while placing minimal burden on memory. In this task, participants control the pace of an auditory contour that is simultaneously accompanied by a visual contour, and they are asked to judge whether the two contours are congruent or incongruent. In Experiment 1, melodic contours varying in pitch were presented with a series of dots that varied in spatial height. Amusics exhibited reduced sensitivity to audio-visual congruency in comparison to control participants. To exclude the possibility that the impairment arises from a general deficit in cross-modal mapping, Experiment 2 examined sensitivity to cross-modal mapping for two other auditory dimensions: timbral brightness and loudness. Amusics and controls were significantly more sensitive to large than small contour changes, and to changes in loudness than changes in timbre. However, there were no group differences in cross-modal mapping, suggesting that individuals with congenital amusia can comprehend spatial representations of acoustic information. Taken together, the findings indicate that pitch contour processing in congenital amusia remains impaired even when pitch memory is relatively unburdened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hao Tam Ho
- Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Forde Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhishuai J, Hong L, Daxing W, Pin Z, Xuejing L. Processing of emotional faces in congenital amusia: An emotional music priming event-related potential study. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2017; 14:602-609. [PMID: 28367404 PMCID: PMC5361869 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Congenital amusia is characterized by lifelong impairments in music perception and processing. It is unclear whether pitch detection deficits impact amusic individuals' perception of musical emotion. In the current work, 19 amusics and 21 healthy controls were subjected to electroencephalography (EEG) while being exposed to music excerpts and emotional faces. We assessed each individual's ability to discriminate positive- and negative-valenced emotional faces and analyzed electrophysiological indices, in the form of event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded at 32 sites, following exposure to emotionally positive or negative music excerpts. We observed smaller N2 amplitudes in response to facial expressions in the amusia group than in the control group, suggesting that amusics were less affected by the musical stimuli. The late-positive component (LPC) in amusics was similar to that in controls. Our results suggest that the neurocognitive deficit characteristic of congenital amusia is fundamentally an impairment in musical information processing rather than an impairment in emotional processing. Emotional recognition in individuals with amusia was examined by electroencephalography. N2 amplitudes generated in response to facial expressions were less affected by musical stimuli in the amusia group than in the control group. The late-positive component in amusic participants was similar to that in controls. Neurocognitively, amusia appears to be a musical information processing impairment rather than an impairment in emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhishuai
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Liu Hong
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wu Daxing
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Pin
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lu Xuejing
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhou L, Liu F, Jing X, Jiang C. Neural differences between the processing of musical meaning conveyed by direction of pitch change and natural music in congenital amusia. Neuropsychologia 2017; 96:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Impaired socio-emotional processing in a developmental music disorder. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34911. [PMID: 27725686 PMCID: PMC5057155 DOI: 10.1038/srep34911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Some individuals show a congenital deficit for music processing despite normal peripheral auditory processing, cognitive functioning, and music exposure. This condition, termed congenital amusia, is typically approached regarding its profile of musical and pitch difficulties. Here, we examine whether amusia also affects socio-emotional processing, probing auditory and visual domains. Thirteen adults with amusia and 11 controls completed two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants judged emotions in emotional speech prosody, nonverbal vocalizations (e.g., crying), and (silent) facial expressions. Target emotions were: amusement, anger, disgust, fear, pleasure, relief, and sadness. Compared to controls, amusics were impaired for all stimulus types, and the magnitude of their impairment was similar for auditory and visual emotions. In Experiment 2, participants listened to spontaneous and posed laughs, and either inferred the authenticity of the speaker's state, or judged how much laughs were contagious. Amusics showed decreased sensitivity to laughter authenticity, but normal contagion responses. Across the experiments, mixed-effects models revealed that the acoustic features of vocal signals predicted socio-emotional evaluations in both groups, but the profile of predictive acoustic features was different in amusia. These findings suggest that a developmental music disorder can affect socio-emotional cognition in subtle ways, an impairment not restricted to auditory information.
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