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Hilbert A, Rösch SA, Petroff D, Prettin C, Lührs M, Ehlis AC, Schmidt R. Near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography neurofeedback for binge-eating disorder: an exploratory randomized trial. Psychol Med 2024; 54:675-686. [PMID: 37964437 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge-eating disorder (BED) co-occurs with neurobehavioral alterations in the processing of disorder-relevant content such as visual food stimuli. Whether neurofeedback (NF) directly targeting them is suited for treatment remains unclear. This study sought to determine feasibility and estimate effects of individualized, functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based real-time NF (rtfNIRS-NF) and high-beta electroencephalography-based NF (EEG-NF), assuming superiority over waitlist (WL). METHODS Single-center, assessor-blinded feasibility study with randomization to rtfNIRS-NF, EEG-NF, or WL and assessments at baseline (t0), postassessment (t1), and 6-month follow-up (t2). NF comprised 12 60-min food-specific rtfNIRS-NF or EEG-NF sessions over 8 weeks. Primary outcome was the binge-eating frequency at t1 assessed interview-based. Secondary outcomes included feasibility, eating disorder symptoms, mental and physical health, weight management-related behavior, executive functions, and brain activity at t1 and t2. RESULTS In 72 patients (intent-to-treat), the results showed feasibility of NF regarding recruitment, attrition, adherence, compliance, acceptance, and assessment completion. Binge eating improved at t1 by -8.0 episodes, without superiority of NF v. WL (-0.8 episodes, 95% CI -2.4 to 4.0), but with improved estimates in NF at t2 relative to t1. NF was better than WL for food craving, anxiety symptoms, and body mass index, but overall effects were mostly small. Brain activity changes were near zero. CONCLUSIONS The results show feasibility of food-specific rtfNIRS-NF and EEG-NF in BED, and no posttreatment differences v. WL, but possible continued improvement of binge eating. Confirmatory and mechanistic evidence is warranted in a double-blind randomized design with long-term follow-up, considering dose-response relationships and modes of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Hilbert
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah Alica Rösch
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Petroff
- Clinical Trial Centre Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Lührs
- Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Brain Innovation B.V., Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ann-Christin Ehlis
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ricarda Schmidt
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center AdiposityDiseases, Behavioral Medicine Research Unit, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Faraone SV, Bellgrove MA, Brikell I, Cortese S, Hartman CA, Hollis C, Newcorn JH, Philipsen A, Polanczyk GV, Rubia K, Sibley MH, Buitelaar JK. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:11. [PMID: 38388701 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; also known as hyperkinetic disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental condition that affects children and adults worldwide. ADHD has a predominantly genetic aetiology that involves common and rare genetic variants. Some environmental correlates of the disorder have been discovered but causation has been difficult to establish. The heterogeneity of the condition is evident in the diverse presentation of symptoms and levels of impairment, the numerous co-occurring mental and physical conditions, the various domains of neurocognitive impairment, and extensive minor structural and functional brain differences. The diagnosis of ADHD is reliable and valid when evaluated with standard diagnostic criteria. Curative treatments for ADHD do not exist but evidence-based treatments substantially reduce symptoms and/or functional impairment. Medications are effective for core symptoms and are usually well tolerated. Some non-pharmacological treatments are valuable, especially for improving adaptive functioning. Clinical and neurobiological research is ongoing and could lead to the creation of personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabell Brikell
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA
- DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Rigenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Chris Hollis
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) MindTech MedTech Co-operative and NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Transcampus Professor KCL-Dresden, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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3
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Zhang DW, Johnstone SJ, Sauce B, Arns M, Sun L, Jiang H. Remote neurocognitive interventions for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder - Opportunities and challenges. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 127:110802. [PMID: 37257770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Improving neurocognitive functions through remote interventions has been a promising approach to developing new treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). Remote neurocognitive interventions may address the shortcomings of the current prevailing pharmacological therapies for AD/HD, e.g., side effects and access barriers. Here we review the current options for remote neurocognitive interventions to reduce AD/HD symptoms, including cognitive training, EEG neurofeedback training, transcranial electrical stimulation, and external cranial nerve stimulation. We begin with an overview of the neurocognitive deficits in AD/HD to identify the targets for developing interventions. The role of neuroplasticity in each intervention is then highlighted due to its essential role in facilitating neuropsychological adaptations. Following this, each intervention type is discussed in terms of the critical details of the intervention protocols, the role of neuroplasticity, and the available evidence. Finally, we offer suggestions for future directions in terms of optimizing the existing intervention protocols and developing novel protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology/Center for Place-Based Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Psychology, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Stuart J Johnstone
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; Brain & Behaviour Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Bruno Sauce
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Arns
- Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; NeuroCare Group, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Jiang
- College of Special Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Zeng L, Wang C, Sun K, Pu Y, Gao Y, Wang H, Liu X, Wen Z. Upregulation of a Small-World Brain Network Improves Inhibitory Control: An fNIRS Neurofeedback Training Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1516. [PMID: 38002477 PMCID: PMC10670110 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inner link between the small-world brain network and inhibitory control. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to construct a neurofeedback (NF) training system and regulate the frontal small-world brain network. The small-world network downregulation group (DOWN, n = 17) and the small-world network upregulation group (UP, n = 17) received five days of fNIRS-NF training and performed the color-word Stroop task before and after training. The behavioral and functional brain network topology results of both groups were analyzed by a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), which showed that the upregulation training helped to improve inhibitory control. The upregulated small-world brain network exhibits an increase in the brain network regularization, links widely dispersed brain resources, and reduces the lateralization of brain functional networks between hemispheres. This suggests an inherent correlation between small-world functional brain networks and inhibitory control; moreover, dynamic optimization under cost efficiency trade-offs provides a neural basis for inhibitory control. Inhibitory control is not a simple function of a single brain region or connectivity but rather an emergent property of a broader network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwei Zeng
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.Z.); (K.S.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Chunchen Wang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
| | - Kewei Sun
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.Z.); (K.S.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Yue Pu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.Z.); (K.S.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuntao Gao
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.Z.); (K.S.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.Z.); (K.S.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Xufeng Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (L.Z.); (K.S.); (Y.P.); (Y.G.); (H.W.)
| | - Zhihong Wen
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China;
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Shepard E, Sweeney C, Thompson L, Jacobs S, Grimm J, Weyandt LL. Effectiveness of executive functioning training among heterogeneous adolescent samples: A systematic review. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023; 12:327-343. [PMID: 35914534 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2106436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present systematic review was to discuss the reported efficacy of executive functioning training techniques among adolescents. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to retrieve and consolidate findings from articles evaluating executive functioning training techniques among adolescents. A total of 26 articles were located that examined the role of executive functioning training techniques among adolescents (age 10-19 years). Articles retrieved enabled comparison across psychiatric and medical diagnoses including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as well as adolescents with physical health concerns. Results revealed that among typically developing adolescents, executive functioning training was non-significant or yielded small effect size improvements in executive functioning as measured by behavioral and neuroimaging tasks among 62.5% of studies reviewed. In contrast, in those with medical conditions, ASD, ADHD, and conduct disorder, all but two studies reviewed yielded a medium to large effect size, supporting the effectiveness of EF training. Future research is needed to identify the long-term efficacy of these treatments, as well as their generalizability to real-world conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Shepard
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Caroline Sweeney
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lauren Thompson
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Sophie Jacobs
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jessica Grimm
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lisa L Weyandt
- Department of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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6
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Qiang N, Gao J, Dong Q, Li J, Zhang S, Liang H, Sun Y, Ge B, Liu Z, Wu Z, Liu T, Yue H, Zhao S. A deep learning method for autism spectrum disorder identification based on interactions of hierarchical brain networks. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114603. [PMID: 37516208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been recently shown that deep learning models exhibited remarkable performance of representing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data for the understanding of brain functional activities. With hierarchical structure, deep learning models can infer hierarchical functional brain networks (FBN) from fMRI. However, the applications of the hierarchical FBNs have been rarely studied. METHODS In this work, we proposed a hierarchical recurrent variational auto-encoder (HRVAE) to unsupervisedly model the fMRI data. The trained HRVAE encoder can predict hierarchical temporal features from its three hidden layers, and thus can be regarded as a hierarchical feature extractor. Then LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) regression was applied to estimate the corresponding hierarchical FBNs. Based on the hierarchical FBNs from each subject, we constructed a novel classification framework for brain disorder identification and test it on the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) dataset, a world-wide multi-site database of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We analyzed the hierarchy organization of FBNs, and finally used the overlaps of hierarchical FBNs as features to differentiate ASD from typically developing controls (TDC). RESULTS The experimental results on 871 subjects from ABIDE dataset showed that the HRVAE model can effectively derive hierarchical FBNs including many well-known resting state networks (RSN). Moreover, the classification result improved the state-of-the-art by achieving a very high accuracy of 82.1 %. CONCLUSIONS This work presents a novel data-driven deep learning method using fMRI data for ASD identification, which could provide valuable reference for clinical diagnosis. The classification results suggest that the interactions of hierarchical FBNs have association with brain disorder, which promotes the understanding of FBN hierarchy and could be applied to other brain disorder analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qiang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Department of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinglin Dong
- Advanced Medical Computing and Analysis, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jin Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Department of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongtao Liang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao Ge
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Department of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengliang Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, School of Computing, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Zihao Wu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, School of Computing, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, School of Computing, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Huiji Yue
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Shijie Zhao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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7
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Huang H, Li R, Zhang J. A review of visual sustained attention: neural mechanisms and computational models. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15351. [PMID: 37334118 PMCID: PMC10274610 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained attention is one of the basic abilities of humans to maintain concentration on relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information over extended periods. The purpose of the review is to provide insight into how to integrate neural mechanisms of sustained attention with computational models to facilitate research and application. Although many studies have assessed attention, the evaluation of humans' sustained attention is not sufficiently comprehensive. Hence, this study provides a current review on both neural mechanisms and computational models of visual sustained attention. We first review models, measurements, and neural mechanisms of sustained attention and propose plausible neural pathways for visual sustained attention. Next, we analyze and compare the different computational models of sustained attention that the previous reviews have not systematically summarized. We then provide computational models for automatically detecting vigilance states and evaluation of sustained attention. Finally, we outline possible future trends in the research field of sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for E-learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Li
- National Engineering Research Center for E-learning, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junsong Zhang
- Brain Cognition and Intelligent Computing Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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8
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Russell D, Arnold LE. Complementary and Integrative Treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:173-192. [PMID: 37147036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
First-line psychopharmacologic and psychosocial treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children are effective but limited by tolerability and accessibility problems. Many complementary and integrative strategies have been investigated as alternative or adjunctive treatments for the disorder, and the literature has progressed to meta-analyses for several. Although heterogeneity of study methods and risk of bias pervades the literature, we conclude that Omega-3 supplementation, dietary restriction of artificial food colorings, and physical activity can be considered evidence-based. Additionally, meditation, yoga, and sleep hygiene are safe, partially effective, cost effective and sensible adjunctive treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Russell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, c/o Seattle Children's Hospital, OA.5.154 PO Box 5371, Seattle, WA 98145-5005, USA.
| | - L Eugene Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 395E McCampbell Hall, 1581 Dodd Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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9
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Pereira DJ, Sayal A, Pereira J, Morais S, Macedo A, Direito B, Castelo-Branco M. Neurofeedback-dependent influence of the ventral striatum using a working memory paradigm targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1014223. [PMID: 36844653 PMCID: PMC9947361 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1014223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Executive functions and motivation have been established as key aspects for neurofeedback success. However, task-specific influence of cognitive strategies is scarcely explored. In this study, we test the ability to modulate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, a strong candidate for clinical application of neurofeedback in several disorders with dysexecutive syndrome, and investigate how feedback contributes to better performance in a single session. Participants of both neurofeedback (n = 17) and sham-control (n = 10) groups were able to modulate DLPFC in most runs (with or without feedback) while performing a working memory imagery task. However, activity in the target area was higher and more sustained in the active group when receiving feedback. Furthermore, we found increased activity in the nucleus accumbens in the active group, compared with a predominantly negative response along the block in participants receiving sham feedback. Moreover, they acknowledged the non-contingency between imagery and feedback, reflecting the impact on motivation. This study reinforces DLPFC as a robust target for neurofeedback clinical implementations and enhances the critical influence of the ventral striatum, both poised to achieve success in the self-regulation of brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jardim Pereira
- Neurorradiology Functional Area, Imaging Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal,Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Sayal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Siemens Healthineers Portugal, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pereira
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Psychiatry Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Direito
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,IATV—Instituto do Ambiente, Tecnologia e Vida (IATV), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,*Correspondence: Miguel Castelo-Branco
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10
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Gui Y, Liu M, Lu H. Multiple measurement analysis of resting-state fMRI for ADHD classification in adolescent brain from the ABCD study. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:45. [PMID: 36746929 PMCID: PMC9902465 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in school-aged children. Its accurate diagnosis looks after patients' interests well with effective treatment, which is important to them and their family. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has been widely used to characterize the abnormal brain function by computing the voxel-wise measures and Pearson's correlation (PC)-based functional connectivity (FC) for ADHD diagnosis. However, exploring the powerful measures of rsfMRI to improve ADHD diagnosis remains a particular challenge. To this end, this paper proposes an automated ADHD classification framework by fusion of multiple measures of rsfMRI in adolescent brain. First, we extract the voxel-wise measures and ROI-wise time series from the brain regions of rsfMRI after preprocessing. Then, to extract the multiple functional connectivities, we compute the PC-derived FCs including the topographical information-based high-order FC (tHOFC) and dynamics-based high-order FC (dHOFC), the sparse representation (SR)-derived FCs including the group SR (GSR), the strength and similarity guided GSR (SSGSR), and sparse low-rank (SLR). Finally, these measures are combined with multiple kernel learning (MKL) model for ADHD classification. The proposed method is applied to the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset. The results show that the FCs of dHOFC and SLR perform better than the others. Fusing multiple measures achieves the best classification performance (AUC = 0.740, accuracy = 0.6916), superior to those from the single measure and the previous studies. We have identified the most discriminative FCs and brain regions for ADHD diagnosis, which are consistent with those of published literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293SJTU-Yale Joint Center of Biostatistics and Data Science, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gui
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293SJTU-Yale Joint Center of Biostatistics and Data Science, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manhua Liu
- MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui Lu
- State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,SJTU-Yale Joint Center of Biostatistics and Data Science, National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Big Data in Pediatric Precision Medicine, Center for Biomedical Informatics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Zhu Z, Wang H, Bi H, Lv J, Zhang X, Wang S, Zou L. Dynamic functional connectivity changes of resting-state brain network in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114121. [PMID: 36162641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have shown abnormal functional connectivity and network disruptions at the whole-brain static level. However, the changes in brain networks in ADHD patients from dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) perspective have not been fully understood. Accordingly, we executed DFC analysis on resting-state fMRI data of 25 ADHD patients and 27 typically developing (TD) children. A sliding window and Pearson correlation were used to construct the dynamic brain network of all subjects. The k-means+ + clustering method was used to recognize three recurring DFC states, and finally, the mean dwell time, the fraction of time spent for each state, and graph theory metrics were quantified for further analysis. Our results showed that ADHD patients had abnormally increased mean dwell time and the fraction of time spent in state 2, which reached a significant level (p < 0.05). In addition, a weak correlation between the default mode network was associated in three states, and the positive correlations between visual network and attention network were smaller than TD in three states. Finally, the integration of each network node of ADHD in state 2 is more potent than that of TD, and the degree of node segregation is smaller than that of TD. These findings provide new evidence for the DFC study of ADHD; dynamic changes may better explain the developmental delay of ADHD and have particular significance for studying neurological mechanisms and adjuvant therapy of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhu
- The School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- The School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Aliyun School of Big Data, School of Software, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Hui Bi
- The School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Aliyun School of Big Data, School of Software, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jidong Lv
- The School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- The College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Suhong Wang
- Clinical Psychology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Juqian Road No. 185, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Ling Zou
- The School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China; The Key Laboratory of Brain Machine Collaborative Intelligence Foundation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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12
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Neural and functional validation of fMRI-informed EEG model of right inferior frontal gyrus activity. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119822. [PMID: 36535325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) is a region involved in the neural underpinning of cognitive control across several domains such as inhibitory control and attentional allocation process. Therefore, it constitutes a desirable neural target for brain-guided interventions such as neurofeedback (NF). To date, rIFG-NF has shown beneficial ability to rehabilitate or enhance cognitive functions using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI-NF). However, the utilization of fMRI-NF for clinical purposes is severely limited, due to its poor scalability. The present study aimed to overcome the limited applicability of fMRI-NF by developing and validating an EEG model of fMRI-defined rIFG activity (hereby termed "Electrical FingerPrint of rIFG"; rIFG-EFP). To validate the computational model, we employed two experiments in healthy individuals. The first study (n = 14) aimed to test the target engagement of the model by employing rIFG-EFP-NF training while simultaneously acquiring fMRI. The second study (n = 41) aimed to test the functional outcome of two sessions of rIFG-EFP-NF using a risk preference task (known to depict cognitive control processes), employed before and after the training. Results from the first study demonstrated neural target engagement as expected, showing associated rIFG-BOLD signal changing during simultaneous rIFG-EFP-NF training. Target anatomical specificity was verified by showing a more precise prediction of the rIFG-BOLD by the rIFG-EFP model compared to other EFP models. Results of the second study suggested that successful learning to up-regulate the rIFG-EFP signal through NF can reduce one's tendency for risk taking, indicating improved cognitive control after two sessions of rIFG-EFP-NF. Overall, our results confirm the validity of a scalable NF method for targeting rIFG activity by using an EEG probe.
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13
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Baboli R, Cao M, Halperin JM, Li X. Distinct Thalamic and Frontal Neuroanatomical Substrates in Children with Familial vs. Non-Familial Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Brain Sci 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 36672028 PMCID: PMC9856951 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent, inheritable, and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with a family history of ADHD are at elevated risk of having ADHD and persisting its symptoms into adulthood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of having or not having positive family risk factor in the neuroanatomy of the brain in children with ADHD. Cortical thickness-, surface area-, and volume-based measures were extracted and compared in a total of 606 participants, including 132, 165, and 309 in groups of familial ADHD (ADHD-F), non-familial ADHD (ADHD-NF), and typically developed children, respectively. Compared to controls, ADHD probands showed significantly reduced gray matter surface area in the left cuneus. Among the ADHD subgroups, ADHD-F showed significantly increased gray matter volume in the right thalamus and significantly thinner cortical thickness in the right pars orbitalis. Among ADHD-F, an increased volume of the right thalamus was significantly correlated with a reduced DSM-oriented t-score for ADHD problems. The findings of this study may suggest that a positive family history of ADHD is associated with the structural abnormalities in the thalamus and inferior frontal gyrus; these anatomical abnormalities may significantly contribute to the emergence of ADHD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahman Baboli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Meng Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07039, USA
| | - Jeffery M. Halperin
- Department of Psychology, Queens College, City University of New York, New York, NY 11367, USA
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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14
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Penalver-Andres JA, Buetler KA, Koenig T, Müri RM, Marchal-Crespo L. Resting-State Functional Networks Correlate with Motor Performance in a Complex Visuomotor Task: An EEG Microstate Pilot Study on Healthy Individuals. Brain Topogr 2022:10.1007/s10548-022-00934-9. [PMID: 36566448 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developing motor and cognitive skills is needed to achieve expert (motor) performance or functional recovery from a neurological condition, e.g., after stroke. While extensive practice plays an essential role in the acquisition of good motor performance, it is still unknown whether certain person-specific traits may predetermine the rate of motor learning. In particular, learners' functional brain organisation might play an important role in appropriately performing motor tasks. In this paper, we aimed to study how two critical cognitive brain networks-the Attention Network (AN) and the Default Mode Network (DMN)-affect the posterior motor performance in a complex visuomotor task: virtual surfing. We hypothesised that the preactivation of the AN would affect how participants divert their attention towards external stimuli, resulting in robust motor performance. Conversely, the excessive involvement of the DMN-linked to internally diverted attention and mind-wandering-would be detrimental for posterior motor performance. We extracted seven widely accepted microstates-representing participants mind states at rest-out of the Electroencephalography (EEG) resting-state recordings of 36 healthy volunteers, prior to execution of the virtual surfing task. By correlating neural biomarkers (microstates) and motor behavioural metrics, we confirmed that the preactivation of the posterior DMN was correlated with poor posterior performance in the motor task. However, we only found a non-significant association between AN preactivation and the posterior motor performance. In this EEG study, we propose the preactivation of the posterior DMN-imaged using EEG microstates-as a neural trait related to poor posterior motor performance. Our findings suggest that the role of the executive control system is to preserve an homeostasis between the AN and the DMN. Therefore, neurofeedback-based downregulation of DMN preactivation could help optimise motor training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin A Penalver-Andres
- Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Karin A Buetler
- Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Koenig
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - René M Müri
- Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research (DBMR) and Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Gerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Marchal-Crespo
- Motor Learning and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory, ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Cognitive Robotics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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15
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Lam SL, Criaud M, Lukito S, Westwood SJ, Agbedjro D, Kowalczyk OS, Curran S, Barret N, Abbott C, Liang H, Simonoff E, Barker GJ, Giampietro V, Rubia K. Double-Blind, Sham-Controlled Randomized Trial Testing the Efficacy of fMRI Neurofeedback on Clinical and Cognitive Measures in Children With ADHD. Am J Psychiatry 2022; 179:947-958. [PMID: 36349428 PMCID: PMC7614456 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.21100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI-NF) could potentially be a novel, safe nonpharmacological treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial of fMRI-NF of the right inferior frontal cortex (rIFC), compared to an active control condition, showed promising improvement of ADHD symptoms (albeit in both groups) and in brain function. However, comparison with a placebo condition in a larger trial is required to test efficacy. METHODS This double-blind, sham-controlled randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness and efficacy of fMRI-NF of the rIFC on symptoms and executive functions in 88 boys with ADHD (44 each in the active and sham arms). To investigate treatment-related changes, groups were compared at the posttreatment and 6-month follow-up assessments, controlling for baseline scores, age, and medication status. The primary outcome measure was posttreatment score on the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). RESULTS No significant group differences were found on the ADHD-RS. Both groups showed similar decreases in other clinical and cognitive measures, except for a significantly greater decrease in irritability and improvement in motor inhibition in sham relative to active fMRI-NF at the posttreatment assessment, covarying for baseline. There were no significant side effects or adverse events. The active relative to the sham fMRI-NF group showed enhanced activation in rIFC and other frontal and temporo-occipital-cerebellar self-regulation areas. However, there was no progressive rIFC upregulation, correlation with ADHD-RS scores, or transfer of learning. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the hypothesis, the study findings do not suggest that fMRI-NF of the rIFC is effective in improving clinical symptoms or cognition in boys with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheut-Ling Lam
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Marion Criaud
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Steve Lukito
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Samuel J Westwood
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Deborah Agbedjro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Olivia S Kowalczyk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Sarah Curran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Nadia Barret
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Chris Abbott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Holan Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Emily Simonoff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
| | - Katya Rubia
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (Lam, Criaud, Lukito, Westwood, Simonoff, Rubia), Department of Neuroimaging (Kowalczyk, Barker, Giampietro), and Department of Biostatistics (Agbedjro), King's College London; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education (Criaud); Institute of Human Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, U.K. (Westwood); Department of Psychology, School of Social Science, University of Westminster, London (Westwood); Southwest London and St George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London (Curran); South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London (Barret, Abbott); Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London (Liang); Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Technical University Dresden, Germany (Rubia)
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16
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Michelini G, Norman LJ, Shaw P, Loo SK. Treatment biomarkers for ADHD: Taking stock and moving forward. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:444. [PMID: 36224169 PMCID: PMC9556670 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of treatment biomarkers for psychiatric disorders has been challenging, particularly for heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Promising findings are also rarely translated into clinical practice, especially with regard to treatment decisions and development of novel treatments. Despite this slow progress, the available neuroimaging, electrophysiological (EEG) and genetic literature provides a solid foundation for biomarker discovery. This article gives an updated review of promising treatment biomarkers for ADHD which may enhance personalized medicine and novel treatment development. The available literature points to promising pre-treatment profiles predicting efficacy of various pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for ADHD. These candidate predictive biomarkers, particularly those based on low-cost and non-invasive EEG assessments, show promise for the future stratification of patients to specific treatments. Studies with repeated biomarker assessments further show that different treatments produce distinct changes in brain profiles, which track treatment-related clinical improvements. These candidate monitoring/response biomarkers may aid future monitoring of treatment effects and point to mechanistic targets for novel treatments, such as neurotherapies. Nevertheless, existing research does not support any immediate clinical applications of treatment biomarkers for ADHD. Key barriers are the paucity of replications and external validations, the use of small and homogeneous samples of predominantly White children, and practical limitations, including the cost and technical requirements of biomarker assessments and their unknown feasibility and acceptability for people with ADHD. We conclude with a discussion of future directions and methodological changes to promote clinical translation and enhance personalized treatment decisions for diverse groups of individuals with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Michelini
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Luke J. Norman
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Office of the Clinical Director, NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Philip Shaw
- grid.416868.50000 0004 0464 0574Office of the Clinical Director, NIMH, Bethesda, MD USA ,grid.280128.10000 0001 2233 9230Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sandra K. Loo
- grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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17
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He W, Liu W, Mao M, Cui X, Yan T, Xiang J, Wang B, Li D. Reduced Modular Segregation of White Matter Brain Networks in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Atten Disord 2022; 26:1591-1604. [PMID: 35373644 DOI: 10.1177/10870547221085505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite studies reporting alterations in the brain networks of patients with ADHD, alterations in the modularity of white matter (WM) networks are still unclear. METHOD Based on the results of module division by generalized Louvain algorithm, the modularity of ADHD was evaluated. The correlation between the modular changes of ADHD and its clinical characteristics was analyzed. RESULTS The participation coefficient and the connectivity between modules of ADHD increased, and the modularity coefficient decreased. Provincial hubs of ADHD did not change, and the number of connector hubs increased. All results showed that the modular segregation of WM networks of ADHD decreased. Modules with reduced modular segregation are mainly responsible for language and motor functions. Moreover, modularity showed evident correlation with the symptoms of ADHD. CONCLUSION The modularity changes in WM network provided a novel insight into the understanding of brain cognitive alterations in ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo He
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Weichen Liu
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Mao
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Ting Yan
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Taiyuan University of Technology, Shanxi, China
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18
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Wang Z, Wong CM, Nan W, Tang Q, Rosa AC, Xu P, Wan F. Learning Curve of a Short-Time Neurofeedback Training: Reflection of Brain Network Dynamics Based on Phase-Locking Value. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2021.3125948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chi Man Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wenya Nan
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Agostinho C. Rosa
- Department of Bioengineering, LaSEEBSystem and Robotics Institute, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Peng Xu
- Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, and the School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, and the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macau, China
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19
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Neural Activity Associated with Symptoms Change in Depressed Adolescents following Self-Processing Neurofeedback. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12091128. [PMID: 36138864 PMCID: PMC9496932 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12091128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent depression is prevalent, debilitating, and associated with chronic lifetime mental health disorders. Understanding the neurobiology of depression is critical to developing novel treatments. We tested a neurofeedback protocol targeting emotional regulation and self-processing circuitry and examined brain activity associated with reduced symptom severity, as measured through self-report questionnaires, four hours after neurofeedback. Depressed (n = 34) and healthy (n = 19) adolescents participated in (i) a brief neurofeedback task that involves simultaneously viewing their own happy face, recalling a positive autobiographical memory, and increasing amygdala-hippocampal activity; (ii) a self- vs. other- face recognition task with happy, neutral, and sad facial expressions before and after the neurofeedback. In depressed youth, reduced depression after neurofeedback was associated with increased self-referential and visual areas' activity during neurofeedback, specifically, increased activity in the cuneus, precuneus and parietal lobe. Reduced depression was also associated with increased activation of emotional regulation and cross-modal areas during a self-recognition task. These areas included the cerebellum, middle temporal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, and supramarginal gyrus. However, decreased rumination was linked to decreased precuneus, angular and temporal gyri activity during neurofeedback. These results tentatively suggest that neurofeedback may induce short-term neurobiological changes in the self-referential and emotional regulation networks associated with reduced symptom severity among depressed adolescents.
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20
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Sun HM, Li QY, Xiao RY, Zhang ZD, Yang XY, Yang J, Jin B, Wen JX, Wu YJ, Yang H, Wang F. A structural MRI study of global developmental delay in infants (<2 years old). Front Neurol 2022; 13:952405. [PMID: 36062014 PMCID: PMC9434372 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.952405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To use structural magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRI) to evaluate the abnormal development of the cerebral cortex in infants with global developmental delay (GDD). Methods The GDD group includes 67 infants aged between 112 and 699 days with global developmental delay and who underwent T1-weighted MRI scans in Shanxi Children's Hospital from December 2019 to March 2022. The healthy control (HC) group includes 135 normal developing infants aged between 88 and 725 days in Shanxi Children's Hospital from September 2020 to August 2021. Whole-brain T1-weighted MRI scans were carried out with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance scanner, which was later processed using InfantSurfer to perform MR image processing and cortical surface reconstruction. Two morphological features of the cortical surface of the 68 brain regions were computed, i.e., the cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (SA), and compared between the GDD and HC groups. Results With regard to the CT, the HC group showed a rapid decrease at first and then a slow increase after birth, and the CT of the GDD group decreased slowly and then became relatively stable. The GDD group showed bilaterally higher hemispherical average CT than those in the HC group. In detail, for the left hemisphere, except in the entorhinal and temporal poles in which the average CT values of the two brain regions were lower than those of the HC group, the CT of the 26 brain regions in the GDD group was higher than those of the HC group (p < 0.05). For the right hemisphere, the CT of the entorhinal in the GDD group was lower than that in the HC group. Otherwise, the CT of the remaining 28 brain regions was higher than those in the HC group (p < 0.05). With regard to the SA, both groups showed a rapid increase after birth till 23 months and remained quite stable afterward. The GDD group shows lower SA bilaterally than that in the HC group. In detail, SA in the GDD group was lower in most cortical regions of both hemispheres than in the HC group (p < 0.05), except for the right temporal pole and entorhinal. When testing for brain asymmetry, we found that the HC group showed obvious asymmetry of CT and SA, while only a few cortical regions in the GDD group showed asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-miao Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-miao Sun
| | - Qian-yun Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ru-yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-dong Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-yan Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-xiang Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-jun Wu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Fan Wang
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21
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Xie K, Jin Z, Jin DG, Zhang J, Li L. Shared and distinct structure-function substrates of heterogenous distractor suppression ability between high and low working memory capacity individuals. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119483. [PMID: 35842098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salient stimuli can capture attention in a bottom-up manner; however, this attentional capture can be suppressed in a top-down manner. It has been shown that individuals with high working memory capacity (WMC) can suppress salient‑but-irrelevant distractors better than those with low WMC; however, neural substrates underlying this difference remain unclear. To examine this, participants with high or low WMC (high-/low-WMC, n = 44/44) performed a visual search task wherein a color singleton item served as a salient distractor, and underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. Behaviorally, the color singleton distractor generally reduced the reaction time (RT). This RT benefit (ΔRT) was higher in the high-WMC group relative to the low-WMC group, indicating the superior distractor suppression ability of the high-WMC group. Moreover, leveraging voxel-based morphometry analysis, gray matter morphology (volume and deformation) in the ventral attention network (VAN) was found to show the same, positive associations with ΔRT in both WMC groups. However, correlations of the opposite sign were found between ΔRT and gray matter morphology in the frontoparietal (FPN)/default mode network (DMN) in the two WMC groups. Furthermore, resting-state functional connectivity analysis centering on regions with a structural-behavioral relationship found that connections between the left orbital and right superior frontal gyrus (hubs of DMN and VAN, respectively) was correlated with ΔRT in the high-WMC group (but not in the low-WMC group). Collectively, our work present shared and distinct neuroanatomical substrates of distractor suppression in high- and low-WMC individuals. Furthermore, intrinsic connectivity of the brain network hubs in high-WMC individuals may account for their superior ability in suppressing salient distractors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xie
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zhenlan Jin
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Dong-Gang Jin
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Ling Li
- MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Center for Psychiatry and Psychology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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22
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De Filippi E, Marins T, Escrichs A, Gilson M, Moll J, Tovar-Moll F, Deco G. One session of fMRI-Neurofeedback training on motor imagery modulates whole-brain effective connectivity and dynamical complexity. Cereb Cortex Commun 2022; 3:tgac027. [PMID: 36072710 PMCID: PMC9441014 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, several studies have shown that Neurofeedback (NFB) by functional magnetic resonance imaging can alter the functional coupling of targeted and non-targeted areas. However, the causal mechanisms underlying these changes remain uncertain. Here, we applied a whole-brain dynamical model to estimate Effective Connectivity (EC) profiles of resting-state data acquired before and immediately after a single-session NFB training for 17 participants who underwent motor imagery NFB training and 16 healthy controls who received sham feedback. Within-group and between-group classification analyses revealed that only for the NFB group it was possible to accurately discriminate between the 2 resting-state sessions. NFB training-related signatures were reflected in a support network of direct connections between areas involved in reward processing and implicit learning, together with regions belonging to the somatomotor, control, attention, and default mode networks, identified through a recursive-feature elimination procedure. By applying a data-driven approach to explore NFB-induced changes in spatiotemporal dynamics, we demonstrated that these regions also showed decreased switching between different brain states (i.e. metastability) only following real NFB training. Overall, our findings contribute to the understanding of NFB impact on the whole brain’s structure and function by shedding light on the direct connections between brain areas affected by NFB training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora De Filippi
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Carrer de Ramon Trias Fargas , 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Theo Marins
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo-Rio de Janeiro , 22281-100, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Citade universitaria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Anira Escrichs
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Carrer de Ramon Trias Fargas , 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Matthieu Gilson
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Carrer de Ramon Trias Fargas , 25-27, 08005 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jorge Moll
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo-Rio de Janeiro , 22281-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rua Diniz Cordeiro 30, Botafogo-Rio de Janeiro , 22281-100, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Morphological Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Citade universitaria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys , 23, 08010, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for human Cognitive and Brain Sciences , Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University level 5 , 18 Innovation Walk, Clayton Campus. Wellington Road, Clayton VIC 3800, Australia
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23
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Nermend M, Flaga-Gieruszyńska K, Kroplewski Z, Nermend K. Neurological Mechanisms of Diagnosis and Therapy in School Children with ADHD in Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137615. [PMID: 35805275 PMCID: PMC9265331 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to present a holistic view of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in pedagogical, psychological, legal, and social dimensions in Polish schools. The authors present the benefits of neurofeedback therapy for elementary school pupils. In order to verify the validity, the paper compares the concordance of a medical diagnosis confirming ADHD syndrome with the occurrence of abnormal electrical brain function recording and abnormalities therein as well as the effectiveness of the neurofeedback therapy. The study confirms that the reported problems faced by pupils and affecting their emotional functioning are reflected in their EEG records. Conclusions from the study lead to the proposal that the neurofeedback assessment should be performed at schools, which should result in the implementation of effective therapy. Moreover, the neurofeedback method should be promoted in Polish schools as an alternative to pharmacological therapy, which, as the research proves, is not always effective. Neurofeedback therapy, similarly to behavioral therapy, is very much needed and useful because it provides optimal conditions for the child’s development and shapes their relations with the environment effectively and harmlessly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nermend
- Department of Early Education, University of Szczecin, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Kinga Flaga-Gieruszyńska
- Research Team on Civil Procedural Law and Informatization of the Justice, Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Szczecin, 71-101 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Zdzisław Kroplewski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Krakowska 69, 71-017 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Kesra Nermend
- Department of Decision Support Methods and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Management, University of Szczecin, 71-004 Szczecin, Poland
- Correspondence:
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24
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Fateh AA, Huang W, Mo T, Wang X, Luo Y, Yang B, Smahi A, Fang D, Zhang L, Meng X, Zeng H. Abnormal Insular Dynamic Functional Connectivity and Its Relation to Social Dysfunctioning in Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:890596. [PMID: 35712452 PMCID: PMC9197452 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.890596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anomalies in large-scale cognitive control networks impacting social attention abilities are hypothesized to be the cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The precise nature of abnormal brain functional connectivity (FC) dynamics including other regions, on the other hand, is unknown. The concept that insular dynamic FC (dFC) among distinct brain regions is dysregulated in children with ADHD was evaluated using Insular subregions, and we studied how these dysregulations lead to social dysfunctioning. Data from 30 children with ADHD and 28 healthy controls (HCs) were evaluated using dynamic resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). We evaluated the dFC within six subdivisions, namely both left and right dorsal anterior insula (dAI), ventral anterior insula (vAI), and posterior insula (PI). Using the insular sub-regions as seeds, we performed group comparison between the two groups. To do so, two sample t-tests were used, followed by post-hoc t-tests. Compared to the HCs, patients with ADHD exhibited decreased dFC values between right dAI and the left middle frontal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus and right of cerebellum crus, respectively. Results also showed a decreased dFC between left dAI and thalamus, left vAI and left precuneus and left PI with temporal pole. From the standpoint of the dynamic functional connectivity of insular subregions, our findings add to the growing body of evidence on brain dysfunction in ADHD. This research adds to our understanding of the neurocognitive mechanisms behind social functioning deficits in ADHD. Future ADHD research could benefit from merging the dFC approach with task-related fMRI and non-invasive brain stimulation, which could aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ameen Fateh
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenxian Huang
- Children's Healthcare, Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tong Mo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Children's Healthcare, Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Abla Smahi
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Diangang Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Children's Healthcare, Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianlei Meng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongwu Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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25
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The effect of learning to drum on behavior and brain function in autistic adolescents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2106244119. [PMID: 35639696 PMCID: PMC9191342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106244119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SignificanceThere is an acknowledged need for improved service provision in the context of autism spectrum disorders. Previous studies have demonstrated the positive role drum training can play in improving behavioral outcomes for children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral difficulties. However, to date, none of these studies has explored how these behavioral changes translate at the neural level. Our study provides strong evidence that drumming not only reduces hyperactivity and inattention in autistic adolescents but also strengthens functional connectivity in brain regions responsible for inhibitory control and action outcome monitoring.
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26
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Rubia K. Neurotherapeutics for ADHD: Do they work? Psych J 2022; 11:419-427. [PMID: 35359026 PMCID: PMC10083951 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper reflects on the use of neurotherapeutics for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is the most imaged child psychiatric disorder, with over 3 decades of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research. Findings are relatively homogeneous compared to other psychiatric conditions with consistent evidence for differences, albeit small, relative to healthy controls in the structure and function of several frontal, parietotemporal, and striatal brain regions as well as their inter-regional structural and functional connections. The functional deficits have been targeted with modern neurotherapeutics, including neurofeedback (using most commonly electroencephalography and more recently functional near-infrared spectroscopy and functional MRI) and non-invasive brain stimulation (such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, or external trigeminal nerve stimulation). Except for electroencephalography-neurofeedback, the majority of neurotherapeutic studies have been relatively small, with very heterogenous research protocols and outcome measures and-likely as a consequence-inconsistent findings. Furthermore, most brain stimulation studies have tested effects on cognitive functions rather than clinical symptoms. So far, findings have not been very promising. Future studies require systematic testing of optimal protocols in large samples or homogenous subgroups to understand response prediction that could lead to individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry/PO46, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeurosciencesKing's College LondonLondonUK
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27
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Results of Neurofeedback in Treatment of Children with ADHD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:145-181. [PMID: 35612676 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders in children and adolescents. Neurofeedback, a nonpharmaceutical treatment, has shown promising results. To review the evidence of efficacy of neurofeedback as a treatment for children and adolescents with ADHD. A systematic review of the specific scientific studies published in 1995-2021, identifying and analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCT). A total of 1636 articles were identified and 165 met inclusion criteria, of which 67 were RCTs. Neurofeedback training was associated with significant long-term reduction in symptoms of ADHD. Though limitations exist regarding conclusions about the specific effects of neurofeedback, the review documents improvements in school, social, and family environments.
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28
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Rahmani E, Mahvelati A, Alizadeh A, Mokhayeri Y, Rahmani M, Zarabi H, Hassanvandi S. Is neurofeedback effective in children with ADHD? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurocase 2022; 28:84-95. [PMID: 35068368 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2022.2027456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the evidences related to the effectiveness of neurofeedback treatment for children and adolescent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on the most-proximal raters. A systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) was carried out across multiple databases. the primary outcome measure was the most proximal ratings of ADHD symptoms in subjects. Conner's Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), Conner's Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS), and ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS- are considered as primary outcomes. Seventeen trials met inclusion criteria (including 1211 patients). Analysis showed that there was no significant benefit of neurofeedback treatment compared with other treatments or control conditions [weighted mean difference/CI = HI-P: -0.02 (-0.26, 0.21), HI-T: 0.01 (-0.46, 0.48), weighted mean difference/CI = I-P: 0.00 (-0.23, 0.23), I-P: 0.12 (-0.14, 0.38)]. The results provide preliminary evidence that neurofeedback treatment is no efficacious clinical method for ADHD and suggest that more RTCs are needed to compare common treatment .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Rahmani
- Counseling Psychology, Razi University of Kermanshah, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mahvelati
- Department of counseling, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Aida Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaser Mokhayeri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahmani
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Human and Social Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Hamid Zarabi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Behavior Science and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Hassanvandi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanistic Sciences, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, Iran
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29
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Taschereau-Dumouchel V, Cushing C, Lau H. Real-Time Functional MRI in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18:125-154. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-072220-014550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multiple mental disorders have been associated with dysregulation of precise brain processes. However, few therapeutic approaches can correct such specific patterns of brain activity. Since the late 1960s and early 1970s, many researchers have hoped that this feat could be achieved by closed-loop brain imaging approaches, such as neurofeedback, that aim to modulate brain activity directly. However, neurofeedback never gained mainstream acceptance in mental health, in part due to methodological considerations. In this review, we argue that, when contemporary methodological guidelines are followed, neurofeedback is one of the few intervention methods in psychology that can be assessed in double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Furthermore, using new advances in machine learning and statistics, it is now possible to target very precise patterns of brain activity for therapeutic purposes. We review the recent literature in functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback and discuss current and future applications to mental health. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, Volume 18 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Taschereau-Dumouchel
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cody Cushing
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hakwan Lau
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wakoshi, Saitama, Japan
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30
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Liu S, Zhao L, Zhao J, Li B, Wang SH. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Classification based on deep spatio-temporal features of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2021.103239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Fantozzi P, Sesso G, Muratori P, Milone A, Masi G. Biological Bases of Empathy and Social Cognition in Patients with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Focus on Treatment with Psychostimulants. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1399. [PMID: 34827398 PMCID: PMC8615705 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in investigating the effect of specific pharmacological treatments for ADHD not only on its core symptoms, but also on social skills in youths. This stands especially true for ADHD patients displaying impulsive aggressiveness and antisocial behaviors, being the comorbidity with Disruptive Behavior Disorders, one of the most frequently observed in clinical settings. This systematic review aimed to synthesize research findings on this topic following PRISMA guidelines and to identify gaps in current knowledge, future directions, and treatment implications. Search strategies included the following terms: ADHD; methylphenidate and other ADHD drugs; empathy, theory of mind and emotion recognition. Full-text articles were retrieved and data from individual studies were collected. Thirteen studies were finally included in our systematic review. Ten studies assessing changes in empathy and/or theory of mind in patients with ADHD treated after pharmacological interventions were identified. Similarly, seven partially overlapping studies assessing changes in emotion recognition were retrieved. Despite a great heterogeneity in the methodological characteristics of the included studies, most of them reported an improvement in emphatic and theory of mind abilities in youths with ADHD treated with psychostimulants and nonstimulant drugs, as well as positive but less consistent results about emotion recognition performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Fantozzi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (G.S.); (P.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Gianluca Sesso
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (G.S.); (P.M.); (A.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pietro Muratori
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (G.S.); (P.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (G.S.); (P.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology, 56128 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (G.S.); (P.M.); (A.M.)
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Neurofeedback for cognitive enhancement and intervention and brain plasticity. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2021; 177:1133-1144. [PMID: 34674879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, neurofeedback has been used as a cognitive training tool to improve brain functions for clinical or recreational purposes. It is based on providing participants with feedback about their brain activity and training them to control it, initiating directional changes. The overarching hypothesis behind this method is that this control results in an enhancement of the cognitive abilities associated with this brain activity, and triggers specific structural and functional changes in the brain, promoted by learning and neuronal plasticity effects. Here, we review the general methodological principles behind neurofeedback and we describe its behavioural benefits in clinical and experimental contexts. We review the non-specific effects of neurofeedback on the reinforcement learning striato-frontal networks as well as the more specific changes in the cortical networks on which the neurofeedback control is exerted. Last, we analyse the current challenges faces by neurofeedback studies, including the quantification of the temporal dynamics of neurofeedback effects, the generalisation of its behavioural outcomes to everyday life situations, the design of appropriate controls to disambiguate placebo from true neurofeedback effects and the development of more advanced cortical signal processing to achieve a finer-grained real-time modelling of cognitive functions.
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Vargas P, Sitaram R, Sepúlveda P, Montalba C, Rana M, Torres R, Tejos C, Ruiz S. Weighted neurofeedback facilitates greater self-regulation of functional connectivity between the primary motor area and cerebellum. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34587606 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac2b7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a tool that can be used to train brain self-regulation and influence specific activity patterns, including functional connectivity, through neurofeedback. The functional connectivity of the primary motor area (M1) and cerebellum play a critical role in motor recovery after a brain injury, such as stroke. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of achieving control of the functional connectivity between M1 and the cerebellum in healthy subjects. Additionally, we aimed to compare the brain self-regulation of two different feedback modalities and their effects on motor performance.Approach.Nine subjects were trained with a real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging BCI system. Two groups were conformed: equal feedback group (EFG), which received neurofeedback that weighted the contribution of both regions of interest (ROIs) equally, and weighted feedback group (WFG) that weighted each ROI differentially (30% cerebellum; 70% M1). The magnitude of the brain activity induced by self-regulation was evaluated with the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) percent change (BPC). Functional connectivity was assessed using temporal correlations between the BOLD signal of both ROIs. A finger-tapping task was included to evaluate the effect of brain self-regulation on motor performance.Main results.A comparison between the feedback modalities showed that WFG achieved significantly higher BPC in M1 than EFG. The functional connectivity between ROIs during up-regulation in WFG was significantly higher than EFG. In general, both groups showed better tapping speed in the third session compared to the first. For WFG, there were significant correlations between functional connectivity and tapping speed.Significance.The results show that it is possible to train healthy individuals to control M1-cerebellum functional connectivity with rtfMRI-BCI. Besides, it is also possible to use a weighted feedback approach to facilitate a higher activity of one region over another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Vargas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Multimodal Functional Brain Imaging Hub, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Pradyumna Sepúlveda
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience (ICN), University College London, London, England
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mohit Rana
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Torres
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Tejos
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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The Study of Sailors’ Brain Activity Difference Before and After Sailing Using Activated Functional Connectivity Pattern. Neural Process Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11063-021-10545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Kowalczyk OS, Mehta MA, O’Daly OG, Criaud M. Task-based functional connectivity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 2:350-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Nobukawa S, Wagatsuma N, Nishimura H, Doho H, Takahashi T. An Approach for Stabilizing Abnormal Neural Activity in ADHD Using Chaotic Resonance. Front Comput Neurosci 2021; 15:726641. [PMID: 34539367 PMCID: PMC8442914 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2021.726641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced integrity of neural pathways from frontal to sensory cortices has been suggested as a potential neurobiological basis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurofeedback has been widely applied to enhance reduced neural pathways in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder by repeated training on a daily temporal scale. Clinical and model-based studies have demonstrated that fluctuations in neural activity underpin sustained attention deficits in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. These aberrant neural fluctuations may be caused by the chaos–chaos intermittency state in frontal-sensory neural systems. Therefore, shifting the neural state from an aberrant chaos–chaos intermittency state to a normal stable state with an optimal external sensory stimulus, termed chaotic resonance, may be applied in neurofeedback for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this study, we applied a neurofeedback method based on chaotic resonance induced by “reduced region of orbit” feedback signals in the Baghdadi model for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. We evaluated the stabilizing effect of reduced region of orbit feedback and its robustness against noise from errors in estimation of neural activity. The effect of chaotic resonance successfully shifted the abnormal chaos-chaos intermittency of neural activity to the intended stable activity. Additionally, evaluation of the influence of noise due to measurement errors revealed that the efficiency of chaotic resonance induced by reduced region of orbit feedback signals was maintained over a range of certain noise strengths. In conclusion, applying chaotic resonance induced by reduced region of orbit feedback signals to neurofeedback methods may provide a promising treatment option for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Nobukawa
- Department of Computer Science, Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Information Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nishimura
- Graduate School of Applied Informatics, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Doho
- Graduate School of Applied Informatics, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan.,Faculty of Education, Teacher Training Division, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.,Uozu Shinkei Sanatorium, Uozu, Japan
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37
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Shephard E, Stern ER, van den Heuvel OA, Costa DL, Batistuzzo MC, Godoy PB, Lopes AC, Brunoni AR, Hoexter MQ, Shavitt RG, Reddy JY, Lochner C, Stein DJ, Simpson HB, Miguel EC. Toward a neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4583-4604. [PMID: 33414496 PMCID: PMC8260628 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-01007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge in mental health research is to translate findings from cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging research into effective treatments that target the neurobiological alterations involved in psychiatric symptoms. To address this challenge, in this review we propose a heuristic neurocircuit-based taxonomy to guide the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). We do this by integrating information from several sources. First, we provide case vignettes in which patients with OCD describe their symptoms and discuss different clinical profiles in the phenotypic expression of the condition. Second, we link variations in these clinical profiles to underlying neurocircuit dysfunctions, drawing on findings from neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies in OCD. Third, we consider behavioral, pharmacological, and neuromodulatory treatments that could target those specific neurocircuit dysfunctions. Finally, we suggest methods of testing this neurocircuit-based taxonomy as well as important limitations to this approach that should be considered in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Shephard
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Emily R. Stern
- Department of Psychiatry, The New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York, USA
| | - Odile A. van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel L.C. Costa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Batistuzzo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla B.G. Godoy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Lopes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andre R. Brunoni
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Q. Hoexter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roseli G. Shavitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janardhan Y.C Reddy
- Department of Psychiatry OCD Clinic, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Christine Lochner
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dan J. Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H. Blair Simpson
- Center for OCD and Related Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and the Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York New York
| | - Euripedes C. Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rubia K, Westwood S, Aggensteiner PM, Brandeis D. Neurotherapeutics for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082156. [PMID: 34440925 PMCID: PMC8394071 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the evidence for neurotherapeutics for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). EEG-neurofeedback has been tested for about 45 years, with the latest meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials (RCT) showing small/medium effects compared to non-active controls only. Three small studies piloted neurofeedback of frontal activations in ADHD using functional magnetic resonance imaging or near-infrared spectroscopy, finding no superior effects over control conditions. Brain stimulation has been applied to ADHD using mostly repetitive transcranial magnetic and direct current stimulation (rTMS/tDCS). rTMS has shown mostly negative findings on improving cognition or symptoms. Meta-analyses of tDCS studies targeting mostly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex show small effects on cognitive improvements with only two out of three studies showing clinical improvements. Trigeminal nerve stimulation has been shown to improve ADHD symptoms with medium effect in one RCT. Modern neurotherapeutics are attractive due to their relative safety and potential neuroplastic effects. However, they need to be thoroughly tested for clinical and cognitive efficacy across settings and beyond core symptoms and for their potential for individualised treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Rubia
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Transcampus, Dresden University, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Samuel Westwood
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK;
- Department of Social Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Psychology, Wolverhampton University, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Pascal-M. Aggensteiner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (P.-M.A.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany; (P.-M.A.); (D.B.)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hospital of Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital University, University of Zürich, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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39
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A randomized-controlled neurofeedback trial in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16873. [PMID: 34413344 PMCID: PMC8376871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood onset disorder persisting into adulthood for a large proportion of cases. Neurofeedback (NF) has shown promising results in children with ADHD, but randomized controlled trials in adults with ADHD are scarce. We aimed to compare slow cortical potential (SCP)- and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) NF to a semi-active electromyography biofeedback (EMG-BF) control condition regarding changes in symptoms and the impact of learning success, as well as changes in neurophysiological parameters in an adult ADHD population. Patients were randomly assigned to SCP-NF (n = 26), fNIRS-NF (n = 21) or EMG-BF (n = 20). Outcome parameters were assessed over 30 training sessions (pre, intermediate, post) and at 6-months follow-up (FU) including 3 booster sessions. EEG was recorded during two auditory Go/NoGo paradigms assessing the P300 and contingent negative variation (CNV). fNIRS measurements were conducted during an n-back- as well as a Go/NoGo task. All three groups showed equally significant symptom improvements suggesting placebo- or non-specific effects on the primary outcome measure. Only when differentiating between learners and non-learners, fNIRS learners displayed stronger reduction of ADHD global scores compared to SCP non-learners at FU, and fNIRS learners showed specifically low impulsivity ratings. 30.8% in the SCP-NF and 61.9% of participants in the fNIRS-NF learned to regulate the respective NF target parameter. We conclude that some adults with ADHD learn to regulate SCP amplitudes and especially prefrontal hemodynamic activity during NF. We did not find any significant differences in outcome between groups when looking at the whole sample. When evaluating learners only, they demonstrate superior effects as compared to non-learners, which suggests specific effects in addition to non-specific effects of NF when learning occurs.
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40
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Ahmadi M, Kazemi K, Kuc K, Cybulska-Klosowicz A, Helfroush MS, Aarabi A. Resting state dynamic functional connectivity in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34289458 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac16b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. In this study, we investigated group differences in dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) between 113 children with inattentive (46 ADHDI) and combined (67 ADHDC) ADHD and 76 typically developing (TD) children using resting-state functional MRI data. For dynamic connectivity analysis, the data were first decomposed into 100 independent components, among which 88 were classified into eight well-known resting-state networks (RSNs). Three discrete FC states were then identified using k-means clustering and used to estimate transition probabilities between states in both patient and control groups using a hidden Markov model. Our results showed state-dependent alterations in intra and inter-network connectivity in both ADHD subtypes in comparison with TD. Spending less time than healthy controls in state 1, both ADHDIand ADHDCwere characterized with weaker intra-hemispheric connectivity with functional asymmetries. In this state, ADHDIfurther showed weaker inter-hemispheric connectivity. The patients spent more time in state 2, exhibiting characteristic abnormalities in corticosubcortical and corticocerebellar connectivity. In state 3, a less frequently state observed across the ADHD and TD children, ADHDCwas differentiated from ADHDIby significant alterations in FC between bilateral temporal regions and other brain areas in comparison with TD. Across all three states, several strategic brain regions, mostly bilateral, exhibited significant alterations in both static functional connectivity (sFC) and dFC in the ADHD groups compared to TD, including inferior, middle and superior temporal gyri, middle frontal gyri, insula, anterior cingulum cortex, precuneus, calcarine, fusiform, superior motor area, and cerebellum. Our results show distributed abnormalities in sFC and dFC between different large-scale RSNs including cortical and subcortical regions in both ADHD subtypes compared to TD. Our findings show that the dynamic changes in brain FC can better explain the underlying pathophysiology of ADHD such as deficits in visual cognition, attention, memory and emotion processing, and cognitive and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Kazemi
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katarzyna Kuc
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anita Cybulska-Klosowicz
- Laboratory of Emotions Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Ardalan Aarabi
- Laboratory of Functional Neuroscience and Pathologies (LNFP EA4559), University Research Center (CURS), University Hospital, Amiens, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Xavier Castellanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, and Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York
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42
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A Novel Knowledge Distillation-Based Feature Selection for the Classification of ADHD. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081093. [PMID: 34439759 PMCID: PMC8393979 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a brain disorder with characteristics such as lack of concentration, excessive fidgeting, outbursts of emotions, lack of patience, difficulty in organizing tasks, increased forgetfulness, and interrupting conversation, and it is affecting millions of people worldwide. There is, until now, not a gold standard test using which an ADHD expert can differentiate between an individual with ADHD and a healthy subject, making accurate diagnosis of ADHD a challenging task. We are proposing a Knowledge Distillation-based approach to search for discriminating features between the ADHD and healthy subjects. Learned embeddings from a large neural network, trained on the functional connectivity features, were fed to one hidden layer Autoencoder for reproduction of the embeddings using the same connectivity features. Finally, a forward feature selection algorithm was used to select a combination of most discriminating features between the ADHD and the Healthy Controls. We achieved promising classification results for each of the five individual sites. A combined accuracy of 81% in KKI, 60% Peking, 56% in NYU, 64% NI, and 56% OHSU and individual site wise accuracy of 72% in KKI, 60% Peking, 73% in NYU, 70% NI, and 71% OHSU were obtained using our extracted features. Our results also outperformed state-of-the-art methods in literature which validates the efficacy of our proposed approach.
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43
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Guler S, Cohen AL, Afacan O, Warfield SK. Matched neurofeedback during fMRI differentially activates reward-related circuits in active and sham groups. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:947-955. [PMID: 34101274 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Functional MRI neurofeedback (fMRI-nf) leverages the brain's ability to self-regulate its own activity. However, self-regulation processes engaged during fMRI-nf are incompletely understood. Here, we used matched feedback in an fMRI-nf experimental protocol to investigate whether brain processes recognize true neurofeedback signals. METHODS We implemented an existing fMRI-nf protocol to train lateralized motor activity using a finger-tap task in conjunction with real-time feedback. Twelve healthy, right-handed, adult participants were assigned into age- and sex-matched active and sham study groups. Matched participant pairs received the same visual feedback, based on brain activity of the participant from the active group. We compared group-averaged activation maps before, during, and after neurofeedback, and analyzed changes in lateralized motor activity due to neurofeedback. RESULTS Active and sham groups demonstrated different brain activation to the same feedback during neurofeedback. In particular, there was higher activation in visual cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus in the active group compared to the sham group. Conversely, sham participants demonstrated higher activation in anterior cingulate cortex, left frontal pole, and posterior superior temporal gyrus. Despite differing brain activations during neurofeedback, neither group demonstrated significant improvement in lateralized motor activity from pre to postfeedback scan in the same session. We also observed no significant difference between pre and postfeedback activation maps, suggesting that no significant finger-tap related functional reorganization had occurred. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that fMRI neurofeedback paradigms that monitor or incorporate activity from regions reported here would provide enhanced efficacy for research investigation and clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyhmus Guler
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - Alexander L Cohen
- Computational Radiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA.,Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - Onur Afacan
- Computational Radiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
| | - Simon K Warfield
- Computational Radiology Lab, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, Boston, USA
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44
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Dynamic Functional Network Connectivity Changes Associated with fMRI Neurofeedback of Right Premotor Cortex. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11050582. [PMID: 33946251 PMCID: PMC8147082 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11050582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) can enable people to self-regulate motor-related brain regions and lead to alteration of motor performance and functional connectivity (FC) underlying motor execution tasks. Numerous studies suggest that FCs dynamically fluctuate over time. However, little is known about the impact of neurofeedback training of the motor-related region on the dynamic characteristics of FC underlying motor execution tasks. This study aims to investigate the mechanism of self-regulation of the right premotor area (PMA) on the underlying dynamic functional network connectivity (DFNC) of motor execution (ME) tasks and reveal the relationship between DFNC, training effect, and motor performance. The results indicate that the experimental group spent less time on state 2, with overall weak connections, and more time on state 6, having strong positive connections between motor-related networks than the control group after the training. For the experimental group’s state 2, the mean dwell time after the training showed negative correlation with the tapping frequency and the amount of upregulation of PMA. The findings show that rtfMRI neurofeedback can change the temporal properties of DFNC, and the DFNC changes in state with overall weak connections were associated with the training effect and the improvement in motor performance.
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Shi Y, Zeng W, Wang N. The Brain Alteration of Seafarer Revealed by Activated Functional Connectivity Mode in fMRI Data Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:656638. [PMID: 33967722 PMCID: PMC8100688 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.656638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a special occupational group, the working and living environments faced by seafarers are greatly different from those of land. It is easy to affect the psychological and physiological activities of seafarers, which inevitably lead to changes in the brain functional activities of seafarers. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the neural activity rules of seafarers' brain. In view of this, this paper studied the seafarers' brain alteration at the activated voxel level based on functional magnetic resonance imaging technology by comparing the differences in functional connectivities (FCs) between seafarers and non-seafarers. Firstly, the activated voxels of each group were obtained by independence component analysis, and then the distribution of these voxels in the brain and the common activated voxels between the two groups were statistically analyzed. Next, the FCs between the common activated voxels of the two groups were calculated and obtained the FCs that had significant differences between them through two-sample T-test. Finally, all FCs and FCs with significant differences (DFCs) between the common activated voxels were used as the features for the support vector machine to classify seafarers and non-seafarers. The results showed that DFCs between the activated voxels had better recognition ability for seafarers, especially for Precuneus_L and Precuneus_R, which may play an important role in the classification prediction of seafarers and non-seafarers, so that provided a new perspective for studying the specificity of neurological activities of seafarers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Shi
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nizhuan Wang
- Artificial Intelligence and Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Right Broca's area is hyperactive in right-handed subjects during meditation: Possible clinical implications? Med Hypotheses 2021; 150:110556. [PMID: 33812300 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Broca's area, conventionally located in left (categorical) hemisphere of brain, is responsible for integrating linguistic and non-linguistic processing however, functionality of its right homolog remains partly understood and explored. This perception is based on the fact that in 96% of right-handed individuals, who constitute 91% of human population, the left hemisphere is dominant or categorical hemisphere. Here, we introduce novel scientific-based hypothesis that the right homolog of Broca's region which we observed hyperactive during attention focused meditation, might further play an important role in patients with attention deficits and language and speech disorders. Meditation includes self-regulation practices that focus on attention and awareness to achieve better control on mental processes. The positron emission tomography of brain in twelve (12) apparently healthy male, right-handed long-term meditators showed that the right Broca's area was significantly hyperactive (p = 0.002) during Meditation vs. Baseline while there was only a subtle increase in the activity of left Broca's area. Our results suggest that hitherto partly explored and understood right homolog of the Broca's area (referred to as right Broca's area) may have some important role, especially during meditation which needs to be explored further.
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Wang S, Zhang D, Fang B, Liu X, Yan G, Sui G, Huang Q, Sun L, Wang S. A Study on Resting EEG Effective Connectivity Difference before and after Neurofeedback for Children with ADHD. Neuroscience 2021; 457:103-113. [PMID: 33476697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Altered functional networks in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been frequently reported, but effective connectivity has hardly been studied. Especially the differences of effective connectivity in children with ADHD after receiving neurofeedback (NF) training have been merely reported. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effective networks of ADHD and the positive influence of NF on the effective networks. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were recorded from 22 children with ADHD (including data from children pretraining and posttraining) and 15 age-matched healthy controls during an eyes-closed resting state. Phase transfer entropy (PTE) was used to construct the effective connectivity. The topological properties of networks and flow gain were measured separately in four bands (delta, theta, alpha, and beta). Results revealed the following: pretraining children with ADHD manifested a higher clustering coefficient and lower characteristic path length in the delta band than healthy controls; weakened anterior-to-posterior flow gain in the delta band, strengthened posterior-to-anterior flow gain in the alpha band and strengthened anterior-to-posterior flow gain in the beta band were observed in pretraining children with ADHD; The topological properties and flow gain in posttraining children with ADHD were close to those of healthy controls. Moreover, parent's SWAN presented significant improvements of ADHD symptoms after NF. Our findings revealed that the effective connectivity of ADHD was altered and that NF could improve the brain function of ADHD. The present study provided the first evidence that children with ADHD differed from healthy children in phase-based effective connectivity and that NF could reduce the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dujuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Bei Fang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xingping Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Guoli Yan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Guanghong Sui
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qingwei Huang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychology, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Suogang Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Phang CR, Ko LW. Intralobular and Interlobular Parietal Functional Network Correlated to MI-BCI Performance. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2020; 28:2671-2680. [PMID: 33201822 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2020.3038657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interface (BCI) brings hope to patients suffering from neuromuscular diseases, by allowing the control of external devices using neural signals from the central nervous system. However, a portion of individuals was unable to operate BCI with high efficacy. This research aimed to study the brain-wide functional connectivity differences that contributed to BCI performance, and investigate the relationship between task-related connectivity strength and BCI performance. Functional connectivity was estimated using pairwise Pearson's correlation from the EEG of 48 subjects performing left or right hand motor imagery (MI) tasks. The classification accuracy of linear support vector machine (SVM) to distinguish both tasks were used to represent MI-BCI performance. The significant differences in connectivity strengths were examined using Welch's T-test. The association between accuracy and connection strength was studied using correlation model. Three intralobular and fourteen interlobular connections from the parietal lobe showed a correlation of 0.31 and -0.34 respectively. Results indicate that alpha wave connectivity from 8 Hz to 13 Hz was more related to classification performance compared to high-frequency waves. Subject-independent trial-based analysis shows that MI trials executed with stronger intralobular and interlobular parietal connections performed significantly better than trials with weaker connections. Further investigation from an independent MI dataset reveals several similar connections that were correlated with MI-BCI performance. The functional connectivity of the parietal lobe could potentially allow prediction of MI-BCI performance and enable implementation of neurofeedback training for users to improve the usability of MI-BCI.
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Tursic A, Eck J, Lührs M, Linden DEJ, Goebel R. A systematic review of fMRI neurofeedback reporting and effects in clinical populations. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102496. [PMID: 33395987 PMCID: PMC7724376 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Real-time fMRI-based neurofeedback is a relatively young field with a potential to impact the currently available treatments of various disorders. In order to evaluate the evidence of clinical benefits and investigate how consistently studies report their methods and results, an exhaustive search of fMRI neurofeedback studies in clinical populations was performed. Reporting was evaluated using a limited number of Consensus on the reporting and experimental design of clinical and cognitive-behavioral neurofeedback studies (CRED-NF checklist) items, which was, together with a statistical power and sensitivity calculation, used to also evaluate the existing evidence of the neurofeedback benefits on clinical measures. The 62 found studies investigated regulation abilities and/or clinical benefits in a wide range of disorders, but with small sample sizes and were therefore unable to detect small effects. Most points from the CRED-NF checklist were adequately reported by the majority of the studies, but some improvements are suggested for the reporting of group comparisons and relations between regulation success and clinical benefits. To establish fMRI neurofeedback as a clinical tool, more emphasis should be placed in the future on using larger sample sizes determined through a priori power calculations and standardization of procedures and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Tursic
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Brain Innovation B.V, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Judith Eck
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Brain Innovation B.V, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Michael Lührs
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Brain Innovation B.V, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - David E J Linden
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rainer Goebel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Brain Innovation B.V, Oxfordlaan 55, 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Neuroimaging and Neuromodeling, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Technological advancement has led to the development of novel treatment approaches for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review aims to review recent studies which employ the use of technology to treat ADHD, with particular focus on studies published during a 1-year period from February 2019 to February 2020. RECENT FINDINGS Most recent studies involved children aged 12 years and below. Interventions included cognitive training through games, neurofeedback and a combination of several approaches. More novel approaches included trigeminal nerve stimulation and brain-computer interface, and studies had utilized technology such as X-box Kinect and eye tracker. There was a shift towards delivering intervention at home and in school, enabled by technology. The study outcomes were variable and mainly included executive functioning measures and clinical ratings. These interventions were generally safe with few reported adverse events. SUMMARY Technology has enabled interventions to be delivered outside of the clinic setting and presented an opportunity for increased access to care and early intervention. Better quality studies are needed to inform on the efficacy of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Guan Lim
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
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