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Parimoo S, Grady C, Olsen R. Age-related Differences in Response Inhibition Are Mediated by Frontoparietal White Matter but Not Functional Activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:1184-1205. [PMID: 38579242 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Healthy older adults often exhibit lower performance but increased functional recruitment of the frontoparietal control network during cognitive control tasks. According to the cortical disconnection hypothesis, age-related changes in the microstructural integrity of white matter may disrupt inter-regional neuronal communication, which in turn can impair behavioral performance. Here, we use fMRI and diffusion-weighted imaging to determine whether age-related differences in white matter microstructure contribute to frontoparietal over-recruitment and behavioral performance during a response inhibition (go/no-go) task in an adult life span sample (n = 145). Older and female participants were slower (go RTs) than younger and male participants, respectively. However, participants across all ages were equally accurate on the no-go trials, suggesting some participants may slow down on go trials to achieve high accuracy on no-go trials. Across the life span, functional recruitment of the frontoparietal network within the left and right hemispheres did not vary as a function of age, nor was it related to white matter fractional anisotropy (FA). In fact, only frontal FA and go RTs jointly mediated the association between age and no-go accuracy. Our results therefore suggest that frontal white matter cortical "disconnection" is an underlying driver of age-related differences in cognitive control, and white matter FA may not fully explain functional task-related activation in the frontoparietal network during the go/no-go task. Our findings add to the literature by demonstrating that white matter may be more important for certain cognitive processes in aging than task-related functional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Parimoo
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheryl Grady
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rosanna Olsen
- University of Toronto
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
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Souter NE, de Freitas A, Zhang M, Shao X, del Jesus Gonzalez Alam TR, Engen H, Smallwood J, Krieger‐Redwood K, Jefferies E. Default mode network shows distinct emotional and contextual responses yet common effects of retrieval demands across tasks. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26703. [PMID: 38716714 PMCID: PMC11077571 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) lies towards the heteromodal end of the principal gradient of intrinsic connectivity, maximally separated from the sensory-motor cortex. It supports memory-based cognition, including the capacity to retrieve conceptual and evaluative information from sensory inputs, and to generate meaningful states internally; however, the functional organisation of DMN that can support these distinct modes of retrieval remains unclear. We used fMRI to examine whether activation within subsystems of DMN differed as a function of retrieval demands, or the type of association to be retrieved, or both. In a picture association task, participants retrieved semantic associations that were either contextual or emotional in nature. Participants were asked to avoid generating episodic associations. In the generate phase, these associations were retrieved from a novel picture, while in the switch phase, participants retrieved a new association for the same image. Semantic context and emotion trials were associated with dissociable DMN subnetworks, indicating that a key dimension of DMN organisation relates to the type of association being accessed. The frontotemporal and medial temporal DMN showed a preference for emotional and semantic contextual associations, respectively. Relative to the generate phase, the switch phase recruited clusters closer to the heteromodal apex of the principal gradient-a cortical hierarchy separating unimodal and heteromodal regions. There were no differences in this effect between association types. Instead, memory switching was associated with a distinct subnetwork associated with controlled internal cognition. These findings delineate distinct patterns of DMN recruitment for different kinds of associations yet common responses across tasks that reflect retrieval demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Souter
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- School of PsychologyUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Antonia de Freitas
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Meichao Zhang
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral ScienceInstitute of PsychologyBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ximing Shao
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of YorkYorkUK
- Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language SciencesUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Haakon Engen
- Institute for Military Psychiatry, Joint Medical ServicesNorwegian Armed ForcesNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Fu X, Sun P, Zhang X, Zhu D, Qin Q, Lu J, Wang J. GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex mediates the association of white matter hyperintensities with executive function: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4282-4298. [PMID: 38441529 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are associated with executive function. Multiple studies suggested cortical alterations mediate WMH-related cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the crucial role of cortical GABA in the WMH patients. In the 87 WMH patients (46 mild and 41 moderate to severe) examined in this study, GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) assessed by the Meshcher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence, WMH volume and executive function were compared between the two groups. Partial correlation and mediation analyses were carried out to examine the GABA levels in mediating the association between WMH volume and executive function. Patients with moderate to severe WMH had lower GABA+/Cr in the ACC (p = 0.034) and worse executive function (p = 0.004) than mild WMH patients. In all WMH cases, the GABA+/Cr levels in the ACC mediated the negative correlation between WMH and executive function (ab: effect = -0.020, BootSE = 0.010, 95% CI: -0.042 to -0.004). This finding suggested GABA+/Cr levels in the ACC might serve as a protective factor or potential target for preventing the occurrence and progression of executive function decline in WMH people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Fu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing 100600, China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dongyong Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jue Lu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430030, China
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Xu Z, Chang Y, Guo F, Wang C, Chai N, Zheng M, Fang P, Zhu Y. The restoration ability of a short nap after sleep deprivation on the brain cognitive function: A dynamic functional connectivity analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14413. [PMID: 37605612 PMCID: PMC10848048 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The brain function impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD) is temporary and can be fully reversed with sufficient sleep. However, in many cases, long-duration recovery sleep is not feasible. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether a short nap after SD is sufficient to restore brain function. METHODS The data of 38 subjects, including resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected at three timepoints (before SD, after 30 h of SD, and after a short nap following SD) and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) data, were collected. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis was used to evaluate changes in brain states among three timepoints, and four DFC states were distinguished across the three timepoints. RESULTS Before SD, state 2 (a resting-like FC matrix) was dominant (48.26%). However, after 30 h SD, the proportion of state 2 dramatically decreased, and state 3 (still resting-like, but FCs were weakened) became dominant (40.92%). The increased proportion of state 3 positively correlated with a larger PVT "lapse" time. After a nap, the proportions of states 2 and 3 significantly increased and decreased, respectively, and the change in proportion of state 2 negatively correlated with the change in PVT "lapse" time. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results indicated that, after a nap, the cognitive function impairment caused by SD may be reversed to some extent. Additionally, DFC differed among timepoints, which was also associated with the extent of cognitive function impairment after SD (state 3) and the extent of recovery therefrom after a nap (state 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yingjuan Chang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Na Chai
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Minwen Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical PsychologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yuanqiang Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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Hirani D, Alabdulkader S, Miras AD, Salem V. What can functional brain imaging teach us about remission of type 2 diabetes? Diabet Med 2023; 40:e15235. [PMID: 37793983 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS With a paradigm shift in attitudes towards type 2 diabetes (T2D), 'weight loss responsive' diabetes is now thought of as a curable disease state. As a result, national programmes are being orchestrated to induce T2D remission soon after diagnosis with aggressive dietary interventions-such as very low-calorie diets (VLCD). However, dietary interventions to achieve weight loss and diabetes remission lack the same long-term sustainability and cardiovascular risk reduction evidence as bariatric surgery. This review aims to explore how brain imaging has contributed to our understanding of human eating behaviours and how neural correlates are affected by T2D. METHODS We summarise functional MRI (fMRI) studies looking at human eating behaviour and obesity. We explore how these neural correlates are affected by insulin resistance and T2D itself as well as its different treatment approaches. Finally, we comment on the need for more personalised approaches to maintaining metabolic health and how fMRI studies may inform this. CONCLUSION fMRI studies have helped to fashion our understanding of the neurobiology of human appetite and obesity. Improving our understanding of the neural implications of T2D that promote disadvantageous eating behaviours will enable prevention of disease as well as mitigation against a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction and associated cognitive complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruti Hirani
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Diabetes Centre, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Shahd Alabdulkader
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexander D Miras
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Ulster University, School of Medicine, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, Derry, UK
| | - Victoria Salem
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Diabetes Centre, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Ali DG, Bahrani AA, El Khouli RH, Gold BT, Jiang Y, Zachariou V, Wilcock DM, Jicha GA. White matter hyperintensities influence distal cortical β-amyloid accumulation in default mode network pathways. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3209. [PMID: 37534614 PMCID: PMC10570488 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the role of SVD in potentially contributing to AD pathology is unclear. The main objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that WMHs influence amyloid β (Aβ) levels within connected default mode network (DMN) tracts and cortical regions in cognitively unimpaired older adults. METHODS Regional standard uptake value ratios (SUVr) from Aβ-PET and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes from three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging FLAIR images were analyzed across a sample of 72 clinically unimpaired (mini-mental state examination ≥26), older adults (mean age 74.96 and standard deviation 8.13) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3). The association of WMH volumes in major fiber tracts projecting from cortical DMN regions and Aβ-PET SUVr in the connected cortical DMN regions was analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, ApoE, and total brain volumes. RESULTS The regression analyses demonstrate that increased WMH volumes in the superior longitudinal fasciculus were associated with increased regional SUVr in the inferior parietal lobule (p = .011). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the relation between Aβ in parietal cortex is associated with SVD in downstream white matter (WM) pathways in preclinical AD. The biological relationships and interplay between Aβ and WM microstructure alterations that precede overt WMH development across the continuum of AD progression warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa G. Ali
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Ahmed A. Bahrani
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Neurology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Riham H. El Khouli
- Department of Radiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Brian T. Gold
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Yang Jiang
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Valentinos Zachariou
- Department of Neuroscience, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Donna M. Wilcock
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Gregory A. Jicha
- Sanders‐Brown Center on Aging, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
- Department of Neurology, College of MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
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Yu Z, Pang H, Yu H, Wu Z, Ding Z, Fan G. Segmental disturbance of white matter microstructure in predicting mild cognitive impairment in idiopathic Parkinson's disease: An individualized study based on automated fiber quantification tractography. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 115:105802. [PMID: 37734997 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The neurobiological mechanisms and an early identification of MCI in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) remain unclear. To investigate the abnormalities of types of white matter (WM) fiber tracts segmentally and establish reliable indicator in IPD-MCI. METHODS Forty IPD with normal cognition (IPD-NCI), thirty IPD-MCI, and thirty healthy controls were included. Automated fiber quantification was applied to extract the fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) values at 100 locations along the major fibers. Partial correlation was performed between diffusion values and cognitive performance. Furthermore, machine learning analyses were conducted to determine the imaging biomarker of MCI. Permutation tests were performed to evaluate the pointwise differences under the FWE correction. RESULTS IPD-MCI had similar but more severe and widespread WM degeneration in the association, projection, and commissural fibers compared with IPD-NCI. Meanwhile, IPD-MCI showed distinct degeneration pattern in the association fibers. The FA of the anterior segment of right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF) was positively correlated with MoCA (P < 0.05) and executive function (P < 0.05). The MD of the middle and posterior segment of left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) was negatively correlated with MoCA P < 0.05), executive (P < 0.05), visuospatial function (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the AUC of support vector machine model was 0.80 in the validation dataset. The FA of anterior segment of right IFOF contribute the most. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that regional tract-specific microstructural degeneration, especially the association fibers, can be used to predict MCI in IPD. Especially, the right IFOF may be a significant imaging biomarker in predicting IPD with MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Yu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China; Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Huize Pang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ziqian Wu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Zhi Ding
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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Thams F, Li SC, Flöel A, Antonenko D. Functional Connectivity and Microstructural Network Correlates of Interindividual Variability in Distinct Executive Functions of Healthy Older Adults. Neuroscience 2023; 526:61-73. [PMID: 37321368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Executive functions, essential for daily life, are known to be impaired in older age. Some executive functions, including working memory updating and value-based decision-making, are specifically sensitive to age-related deterioration. While their neural correlates in young adults are well-described, a comprehensive delineation of the underlying brain substrates in older populations, relevant to identify targets for modulation against cognitive decline, is missing. Here, we assessed letter updating and Markov decision-making task performance to operationalize these trainable functions in 48 older adults. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was acquired to quantify functional connectivity (FC) in task-relevant frontoparietal and default mode networks. Microstructure in white matter pathways mediating executive functions was assessed with diffusion tensor imaging and quantified by tract-based fractional anisotropy (FA). Superior letter updating performance correlated with higher FC between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and left frontoparietal and hippocampal areas, while superior Markov decision-making performance correlated with decreased FC between basal ganglia and right angular gyrus. Furthermore, better working memory updating performance was related to higher FA in the cingulum bundle and the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Stepwise linear regression showed that cingulum bundle FA added significant incremental contribution to the variance explained by fronto-angular FC alone. Our findings provide a characterization of distinct functional and structural connectivity correlates associated with performance of specific executive functions. Thereby, this study contributes to the understanding of the neural correlates of updating and decision-making functions in older adults, paving the way for targeted modulation of specific networks by modulatory techniques such as behavioral interventions and non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Thams
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Chair of Lifespan Developmental Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 17, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Standort Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Daria Antonenko
- Department of Neurology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
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Fu X, Qin M, Liu X, Cheng L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Lei Y, Zhou Q, Sun P, Lin L, Su Y, Wang J. Decreased GABA levels of the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex are associated with executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1220122. [PMID: 37638325 PMCID: PMC10450953 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1220122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Executive function impairment, a slight but noticeable cognitive deficit in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, is influenced by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels. Reduced cognitive function is accompanied by thinning of the cerebral cortex, which has higher GABA levels than white matter. However, the relationships among GABA levels, cortical thickness, and executive function in MCI patients have not yet been elucidated. We investigated the relationships among GABA levels, cortical thickness, and executive function in MCI patients. Methods In this study, a total of 36 MCI patients and 36 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited. But 33 MCI patients and 35 HC were included because of head motion or poor data quality for three MCI patients and one HC. The levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid plus relative to creatine (GABA+/Cr) and glutamate-glutamine relative to creatine (Glx/Cr) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were measured using the Meshcher-Garwood point resolved spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) sequence. Metabolite ratios, cortical thickness, and executive function and their interrelationships were determined in the MCI and HC groups. Results Patients with MCI showed lower GABA+/Cr levels in the ACC and PCC. Combined levels of GABA+ and Glx in the ACC and GABA+ in the PCC showed good diagnostic efficacy for MCI (AUC: 0.82). But no differences in cortical thickness were found between the two groups. In the MCI group, lower GABA+/Cr level was correlated to worse performance on the digit span test backward, and the shape trail test-B. The cortical thickness was not associated with GABA+ levels and executive function in patients. Conclusion These results implied that decreased GABA levels in the ACC and PCC had a critical role in the early diagnosis of impaired executive function of MCI. Therefore, GABA in the ACC and PCC could be a potential diagnostic marker of the executive function decline of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Fu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Qin
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
| | - Qidong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, China
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10
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Ding R, Tang H, Liu Y, Yin Y, Yan B, Jiang Y, Toussaint PJ, Xia Y, Evans AC, Zhou D, Hao X, Lu J, Yao D. Therapeutic effect of tempo in Mozart's "Sonata for two pianos" (K. 448) in patients with epilepsy: An electroencephalographic study. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 145:109323. [PMID: 37356223 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2023.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mozart's "Sonata for two pianos" (Köchel listing 448) has proven effective as music therapy for patients with epilepsy, but little is understood about the mechanism of which feature in it impacted therapeutic effect. This study explored whether tempo in that piece is important for its therapeutic effect. METHODS We measured the effects of tempo in Mozart's sonata on clinical and electroencephalographic parameters of 147 patients with epilepsy who listened to the music at slow, original, or accelerated speed. As a control, patients listened to Haydn's Symphony no. 94 at original speed. RESULTS Listening to Mozart's piece at original speed significantly reduced the number of interictal epileptic discharges. It decreased beta power in the frontal, parietal, and occipital regions, suggesting increased auditory attention and reduced visual attention. It also decreased functional connectivity among frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital brain regions, also suggesting increased auditory attention and reduced visual attention. No such effects were observed after patients listened to the slow or fast version of Mozart's piece, or to Haydn's symphony at normal speed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Mozart's "Sonata for two pianos" may exert therapeutic effects by regulating attention when played at its original tempo, but not slower or faster. These findings may help guide the design and optimization of music therapy against epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ding
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4.
| | - Huajuan Tang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, 363 Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yitian Yin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bo Yan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yingqi Jiang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Paule-J Toussaint
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4.
| | - Yang Xia
- Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Alan C Evans
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2B4.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiaoting Hao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Lu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China; Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Heckner MK, Cieslik EC, Patil KR, Gell M, Eickhoff SB, Hoffstädter F, Langner R. Predicting executive functioning from functional brain connectivity: network specificity and age effects. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6495-6507. [PMID: 36635227 PMCID: PMC10233269 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with altered executive functioning (EF). Earlier studies found age-related differences in EF performance to be partially accounted for by changes in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within brain networks associated with EF. However, it remains unclear which role RSFC in EF-associated networks plays as a marker for individual differences in EF performance. Here, we investigated to what degree individual abilities across 3 different EF tasks can be predicted from RSFC within EF-related, perceptuo-motor, whole-brain, and random networks separately in young and old adults. Specifically, we were interested if (i) young and old adults differ in predictability depending on network or EF demand level (high vs. low), (ii) an EF-related network outperforms EF-unspecific networks when predicting EF abilities, and (iii) this pattern changes with demand level. Both our uni- and multivariate analysis frameworks analyzing interactions between age × demand level × networks revealed overall low prediction accuracies and a general lack of specificity regarding neurobiological networks for predicting EF abilities. This questions the idea of finding markers for individual EF performance in RSFC patterns and calls for future research replicating the current approach in different task states, brain modalities, different, larger samples, and with more comprehensive behavioral measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa K Heckner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Edna C Cieslik
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kaustubh R Patil
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Gell
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstädter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Robert Langner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7: Brain and Behaviour), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Daley RT, Kensinger EA. Cognitive decline, socioemotional change, or both? How the science of aging can inform future research on sacrificial moral dilemmas. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2023; 30:272-299. [PMID: 34933658 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2021.2019183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Older adults comprise the fastest-growing population in the United States. By exercising their right to vote, guiding the value systems of future generations, and holding political office, they shape the moral context of society. It is therefore imperative that we understand older adults' capacity for moral decision-making. Although the vast majority of research on moral decision-making has either focused specifically on younger adults or has not considered age, recent work points to age-related differences in sacrificial moral decision-making, with cognitively healthy older adults making more deontological decisions relative to younger adults. Although only a small number of studies have to date examined age-related differences, there is a wealth of relevant literature on cognitive aging, as well as on sacrificial moral decision-making in younger adults, that point to possible mechanistic explanations for the observed age-related differences. The goal of this review is to situate these age-related differences in sacrificial moral decision-making in the context of these existing literatures in order to guide future, theory-informed, research in this area. We specifically highlight age-related decline in cognitive abilities purported to support utilitarian moral decision-making in younger adults, along with age-related changes to socioemotional information processing as potential mechanistic explanations for these age-related differences. The last section of this review discusses how age-related neural changes may contribute to both cognitive decline and motivational shifts, highlighting the importance for future research to understand brain-behavior relationships on the topic of sacrificial moral decision-making and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Daley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
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13
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate postoperative functional connectivity (FC) alterations across impaired cognitive domains and their causal relationships with systemic inflammation. BACKGROUND Postoperative cognitive dysfunction commonly occurs after cardiac surgery, and both systemic and neuroinflammation may trigger its development. Whether FC alterations underlying deficits in specific cognitive domains after cardiac surgery are affected by inflammation remains unclear. METHODS Seventeen patients, who underwent cardiac valve replacement, completed a neuropsychological test battery and brain MRI scan before surgery and on days 7 and 30 after surgery compared to age-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken for tumor necrosis factor-a and interleukin-6 measurements. Seed-to-voxel FC of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was examined. Bivariate correlation and linear regression models were used to determine the relationships among cognitive function, FC alterations, and cytokines. RESULTS Executive function was significantly impaired after cardiac surgery. At day 7 follow-up, the surgical patients, compared to the controls, demonstrated significantly decreased DLPFC FC with the superior parietal lobe and attenuated negative connectivity in the default mode network, including the angular gyrus and posterior cingulate cortex. The left DLPFC enhanced the connectivity in the right DLPFC and posterior cingulate cortex, all of which were related to the increased tumor necrosis factor-a and decreased executive function up to day 7 after cardiac surgery. CONCLUSIONS The decreased FC of executive control network and its anticorrelation with the default mode network may contribute to executive function deficits after cardiac surgery. Systemic inflammation may trigger these transient FC changes and executive function impairments.
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14
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EEG-Based Mapping of Resting-State Functional Brain Networks in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040231. [PMID: 36546931 PMCID: PMC9775055 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Directed functional connectivity (DFC) alterations within brain networks are described using fMRI. EEG has been scarcely used. We aimed to explore changes in DFC in the sensory-motor network (SMN), ventral-attention network (VAN), dorsal-attention network (DAN), and central-executive network (CEN) using an EEG-based mapping between PD patients and healthy controls (HCs). (2) Methods: Four-minutes resting EEG was recorded from 29 PD patients and 28 HCs. Network’s hubs were defined using fMRI-based binary masks and their electrical activity was calculated using the LORETA. DFC between each network’s hub-pairs was calculated for theta, alpha and beta bands using temporal partial directed coherence (tPDC). (3) Results: tPDCs percent was lower in the CEN and DAN in PD patients compared to HCs, while no differences were observed in the SMN and VAN (group*network: F = 5.943, p < 0.001) in all bands (group*band: F = 0.914, p = 0.401). However, in the VAN, PD patients showed greater tPDCs strength compared to HCs (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Our results demonstrated reduced connectivity in the CEN and DAN, and increased connectivity in the VAN in PD patients. These results indicate a complex pattern of DFC alteration within major brain networks, reflecting the co-occurrence of impairment and compensatory mechanisms processes taking place in PD.
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15
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Grennan G, Balasubramani PP, Vahidi N, Ramanathan D, Jeste DV, Mishra J. Dissociable neural mechanisms of cognition and well-being in youth versus healthy aging. Psychol Aging 2022; 37:827-842. [PMID: 36107693 PMCID: PMC9669243 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental health, cognition, and their underlying neural processes in healthy aging are rarely studied simultaneously. Here, in a sample of healthy younger (n = 62) and older (n = 54) adults, we compared subjective mental health as well as objective global cognition across several core cognitive domains with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG). We found significantly greater symptoms of anxiety, depression, and loneliness in youth and in contrast, greater mental well-being in older adults. Yet, global performance across core cognitive domains was significantly worse in older adults. EEG-based source imaging of global cognitive task-evoked processing showed reduced suppression of activity in the anterior medial prefrontal default mode network (DMN) region in older adults relative to youth. Global cognitive performance efficiency was predicted by greater activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in younger adults and in contrast, by greater activity in right inferior frontal cortex in older adults. Furthermore, greater mental well-being in older adults related to lesser global task-evoked activity in the posterior DMN. Overall, these results suggest dissociated neural mechanisms underlying global cognition and mental well-being in youth versus healthy aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Grennan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nasim Vahidi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dhakshin Ramanathan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Mental Health, VA San Diego Medical Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dilip V Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jyoti Mishra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Neural Engineering and Translation Labs, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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16
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Zhao H, Wen W, Cheng J, Jiang J, Kochan N, Niu H, Brodaty H, Sachdev P, Liu T. An accelerated degeneration of white matter microstructure and networks in the nondemented old-old. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4688-4698. [PMID: 36178117 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nondemented old-old over the age of 80 comprise a rapidly increasing population group; they can be regarded as exemplars of successful aging. However, our current understanding of successful aging in advanced age and its neural underpinnings is limited. In this study, we measured the microstructural and network-based topological properties of brain white matter using diffusion-weighted imaging scans of 419 community-dwelling nondemented older participants. The participants were further divided into 230 young-old (between 72 and 79, mean = 76.25 ± 2.00) and 219 old-old (between 80 and 92, mean = 83.98 ± 2.97). Results showed that white matter connectivity in microstructure and brain networks significantly declined with increased age and that the declined rates were faster in the old-old compared with young-old. Mediation models indicated that cognitive decline was in part through the age effect on the white matter connectivity in the old-old but not in the young-old. Machine learning predictive models further supported the crucial role of declines in white matter connectivity as a neural substrate of cognitive aging in the nondemented older population. Our findings shed new light on white matter connectivity in the nondemented aging brains and may contribute to uncovering the neural substrates of successful brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wen
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry (CHeBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiyang Jiang
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry (CHeBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry (CHeBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Haijun Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry (CHeBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Perminder Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry (CHeBA), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Xue J, Yao R, Cui X, Wang B, Wei J, Wu X, Sun J, Yang Y, Xiang J, Liu Y. Abnormal information interaction in multilayer directed network based on cross-frequency integration of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4230-4247. [PMID: 36104855 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been reported to result in abnormal cross-frequency integration. However, previous studies have failed to consider specific abnormalities in receiving and outputting information among frequency bands during integration. Here, we investigated heterogeneity in receiving and outputting information during cross-frequency integration in patients. The results showed that during cross-frequency integration, information interaction first increased and then decreased, manifesting in the heterogeneous distribution of inter-frequency nodes for receiving information. A possible explanation was that due to damage to some inter-frequency hub nodes, intra-frequency nodes gradually became new inter-frequency nodes, whereas original inter-frequency nodes gradually became new inter-frequency hub nodes. Notably, damage to the brain regions that receive information between layers was often accompanied by a strengthened ability to output information and the emergence of hub nodes for outputting information. Moreover, an important compensatory mechanism assisted in the reception of information in the cingulo-opercular and auditory networks and in the outputting of information in the visual network. This study revealed specific abnormalities in information interaction and compensatory mechanism during cross-frequency integration, providing important evidence for understanding cross-frequency integration in patients with MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Xue
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Rong Yao
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Xiaohong Cui
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Jing Wei
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Xubin Wu
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Yanli Yang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology , No. 209, University Street, Jinzhong, Shanxi, 030600 , China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital , No. 3, Workers New Street, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030013 , China
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Rejeski WJ, Laurienti PJ, Bahrami M, Fanning J, Simpson SL, Burdette JH. Aging and Neural Vulnerabilities in Overeating: A Conceptual Overview and Model to Guide Treatment. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e39. [PMID: 36589860 PMCID: PMC9797202 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Given the vulnerability of older adults to chronic disease and physical disability, coupled with the threat that obesity poses to healthy aging, there is an urgent need to understand the causes of positive energy balance and the struggle that many older adults face with intentional weight loss. This paper focuses on neural vulnerabilities related to overeating in older adults, and moderating variables that can have either favorable or unfavorable effect these vulnerabilities. Research from our laboratory on older adults with obesity suggests that they are prone to similar neural vulnerabilities for overeating that have been observed in younger and middle-aged populations. In addition, following brief postabsorptive states, functional brain networks both in the resting state and in response to active imagery of desired food are associated with 6-month weight loss. Data reviewed suggest that the sensorimotor network is a central hub in the process of valuation and underscores the central role played by habits in overeating. Finally, we demonstrate how research on the neural vulnerabilities for overeating offers a useful framework for guiding clinical decision-making in weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Jack Rejeski
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Section on Geriatric Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Paul J. Laurienti
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mohsen Bahrami
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sean L. Simpson
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Burdette
- Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Wang S, Zhang F, Huang P, Hong H, Jiaerken Y, Yu X, Zhang R, Zeng Q, Zhang Y, Kikinis R, Rathi Y, Makris N, Lou M, Pasternak O, Zhang M, O'Donnell LJ. Superficial white matter microstructure affects processing speed in cerebral small vessel disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5310-5325. [PMID: 35822593 PMCID: PMC9812245 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a typical feature of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), which contributes to about 50% of dementias worldwide. Microstructural alterations in deep white matter (DWM) have been widely examined in CSVD. However, little is known about abnormalities in superficial white matter (SWM) and their relevance for processing speed, the main cognitive deficit in CSVD. In 141 CSVD patients, processing speed was assessed using Trail Making Test Part A. White matter abnormalities were assessed by WMH burden (volume on T2-FLAIR) and diffusion MRI measures. SWM imaging measures had a large contribution to processing speed, despite a relatively low SWM WMH burden. Across all imaging measures, SWM free water (FW) had the strongest association with processing speed, followed by SWM mean diffusivity (MD). SWM FW was the only marker to significantly increase between two subgroups with the lowest WMH burdens. When comparing two subgroups with the highest WMH burdens, the involvement of WMH in the SWM was accompanied by significant differences in processing speed and white matter microstructure. Mediation analysis revealed that SWM FW fully mediated the association between WMH volume and processing speed, while no mediation effect of MD or DWM FW was observed. Overall, results suggest that the SWM has an important contribution to processing speed, while SWM FW is a sensitive imaging marker associated with cognition in CSVD. This study extends the current understanding of CSVD-related dysfunction and suggests that the SWM, as an understudied region, can be a potential target for monitoring pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Wang
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Yeerfan Jiaerken
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Ruiting Zhang
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Qingze Zeng
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Ron Kikinis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nikos Makris
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA,Center for Morphometric AnalysisMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Min Lou
- Department of Neurologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineChina
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20
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Jiang Q, Lin J, Li C, Hou Y, Shang H. Gray Matter Abnormalities in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1: A Voxel-Wise Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:891789. [PMID: 35873771 PMCID: PMC9301187 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.891789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundA growing number of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have demonstrated widespread gray matter (GM) abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), but the findings are heterogeneous. This study integrated previous VBM studies to identify consistent GM changes in the brains of patients with DM1.MethodsSystematic retrieval was conducted in Web of Science, Pubmed, and Embase databases to identify VBM studies that met the inclusion requirements. Data were extracted. The Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images (SDM-PSI) software was used for meta-analysis of voxel aspects.ResultsA total of eight VBM studies were included, including 176 patients with DM1 and 198 healthy controls (HCs). GM volume in patients with DM1 was extensively reduced compared with HCs, including bilateral rolandic operculum, bilateral posterior central gyrus, bilateral precentral gyrus, right insula, right heschl gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area, bilateral middle cingulate gyrus/paracingulate gyrus, left paracentral lobule, and bilateral caudate nucleus. Meta-regression analysis found that regional GM abnormalities were associated with disease duration and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure (ROCF)-recall scores.ConclusionDM1 is not only a disease of muscle injury but also a multisystem disease involving brain motor and neuropsychiatric regions, providing a basis for the pathophysiological mechanism of DM1.
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Hsu YH, Huang SM, Lin SY, Yang JJ, Tu MC, Kuo LW. Prospective Memory and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Normal and Pathological Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:753-762. [PMID: 35124645 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM), the ability to execute a previously formed intention given the proper circumstance, has been proven to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of the frontoparietal networks; however, it is proposed that PM may also be associated with other neural substrates that support stimulus-dependent spontaneous cognition. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease is related to altered functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN). METHODS Thirty-four patients with very mild or mild dementia (17 with Alzheimer's disease and 17 with subcortical ischemic vascular disease) and 22 cognitively-normal participants aged above 60 received a computerized PM task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed at group level within the DMN. RESULTS We found that the dementia groups showed worse PM performance and altered FC within the DMN as compared to the normal aging individuals. The FC between the medial prefrontal cortices and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly correlated with PM in normal aging, while the FC between the right precuneus and bilateral inferior parietal lobules was correlated with PM in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION These findings support a potential role for the DMN in PM, and corroborate that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease was associated with altered FC within the posterior hubs of the DMN, with spatial patterning different from normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yeh Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jir-Jei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Huang P, Luan XH, Xie Z, Li MT, Chen SD, Liu J, Jia XZ, Cao L, Zhou HY. Altered Local Brain Amplitude of Fluctuations in Patients With Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:790632. [PMID: 34955817 PMCID: PMC8703136 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.790632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the characteristics of the spontaneous brain activity in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A total of 18 patients with DM1 and 18 healthy controls (HCs) were examined by resting-state functional MRI. Combined methods include amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs), the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFFs), and Wavelet transform-based ALFFs (Wavelet-ALFFs) with standardization, percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) with/without standardization were applied to evaluate the spontaneous brain activity of patients with DM1. Compared with HCs, patients with DM1 showed decreased ALFFs and Wavelet-ALFFs in the bilateral precuneus (PCUN), angular gyrus (ANG), inferior parietal, but supramarginal and angular gyri (IPL), posterior cingulate gyrus (PCG), superior frontal gyrus, medial (SFGmed), middle occipital gyrus (MOG), which were mainly distributed in the brain regions of default mode network (DMN). Decreased ALFFs and Wavelet-ALFFs were also seen in bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG), inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part (IFGoperc), which were the main components of the executive control network (ECN). Patients with DM1 also showed decreased fALFFs in SFGmed.R, the right anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri (ACGR), bilateral MFG. Reduced PerAF in bilateral PCUN, ANG, PCG, MOG, and IPLL as well as decreased PerAF without standardization in PCUNR and bilateral PCG also existed in patients with DM1. In conclusion, patients with DM1 had decreased activity in DMN and ECN with increased fluctuations in the temporal cortex and cerebellum. Decreased brain activity in DMN was the most repeatable and reliable with PCUN and PCG being the most specific imaging biomarker of brain dysfunction in patients with DM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing-Hua Luan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Xie
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-Ze Jia
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Liu W, Liu L, Cheng X, Ge H, Hu G, Xue C, Qi W, Xu W, Chen S, Gao R, Rao J, Chen J. Functional Integrity of Executive Control Network Contributed to Retained Executive Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:710172. [PMID: 34899264 PMCID: PMC8664557 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.710172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be a transitional state between normal aging and Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Recent studies have indicated that executive function (EF) declines during MCI. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated the neural basis of EF deficits in MCI. Herein, we investigate the changes of regional brain spontaneous activity and functional connectivity (FC) of the executive control network (ECN) between high EF and low EF groups. Methods: According to EF composite score (ADNI-EF) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), we divided MCI into two groups, including the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Resting-state functional MRI was utilized to investigate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and ECN functional connectivity across 23 healthy controls (HC), 11 MCI-highEF, and 14 MCI-lowEF participants. Moreover, a partial correlation analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between altered fALFF or connectivity of the ECN and the ADNI-EF. Results: Compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG), as well as decreased fALFF in the right precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG). The MCI-lowEF participants demonstrated increased fALFF in the cerebellar vermis and decreased fALFF in the left MFG. Additionally, compared to HC, the MCI-highEF participants indicated no significant difference in connectivity of the ECN. Furthermore, the MCI-lowEF participants showed increased ECN FC in the left cuneus and left MFG, as well as decreased ECN functional connectivity in the right parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Notably, the altered fALFF in the left MFG was positively correlated to ADNI-EF, while the altered fALFF in cerebellar vermis is negatively correlated with ADNI-EF across the two MCI groups and the HC group. Altered ECN functional connectivity in the right PHG is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF, while altered ECN functional connectivity in the left cuneus is negatively correlated to ADNI-EF across the three groups. Conclusions: Our current study demonstrates the presence of different patterns of regional brain spontaneous activity and ECN FC in the MCI-highEF group and MCI-lowEF group. Furthermore, the ECN FC of the MCI-highEF group was not disrupted, which may contribute to retained EF in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Run Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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24
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Xue C, Qi W, Yuan Q, Hu G, Ge H, Rao J, Xiao C, Chen J. Disrupted Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Distinguishing Subjective Cognitive Decline and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Based on the Triple-Network Model. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:711009. [PMID: 34603006 PMCID: PMC8484524 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.711009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Subjective cognitive decline and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) were widely thought to be preclinical AD spectrum disorders, characterized by aberrant functional connectivity (FC) within the triple networks of the default mode network (DMN), the salience network (SN), and the executive control network (ECN). Dynamic FC (DFC) analysis can capture temporal fluctuations in brain FC during the scan, which static FC analysis cannot. The purpose of the current study was to explore the changes in dynamic FC within the triple networks of the preclinical AD spectrum and further reveal their potential diagnostic value in diagnosing preclinical AD spectrum disorders. Methods: We collected resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 44 patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), 49 with aMCI, and 58 healthy controls (HCs). DFC analysis based on the sliding time-window correlation method was used to analyze DFC variability within the triple networks in the three groups. Then, correlation analysis was conducted to reveal the relationship between altered DFC variability within the triple networks and a decline in cognitive function. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of altered DFC variability within the triple networks in patients with SCD and aMCI. Results: Compared with the HC group, the groups with SCD and aMCI both showed altered DFC variability within the triple networks. DFC variability in the right middle temporal gyrus and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) within the ECN were significantly different between patients with SCD and aMCI. Moreover, the altered DFC variability in the left IFG within the ECN was obviously associated with a decline in episodic memory and executive function. The logistic regression analysis showed that multivariable analysis had high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing SCD and aMCI. Conclusions: Subjective cognitive decline and aMCI showed varying degrees of change in DFC variability within the triple networks and altered DFC variability within the ECN involved episodic memory and executive function. More importantly, altered DFC variability and the triple-network model proved to be important biomarkers for diagnosing and identifying patients with preclinical AD spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhang Qi
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Yuan
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanjie Hu
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honglin Ge
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang Rao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyong Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiu Chen
- Institute of Brain Functional Imaging, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Tarantino V, Burgio F, Toffano R, Rigon E, Meneghello F, Weis L, Vallesi A. Efficacy of a Training on Executive Functions in Potentiating Rehabilitation Effects in Stroke Patients. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1002. [PMID: 34439621 PMCID: PMC8392264 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment after a stroke has a direct impact on patients' disability. In particular, impairment of Executive Functions (EFs) interferes with re-adaptation to daily life. The aim of this study was to explore whether adding a computer-based training on EFs to an ordinary rehabilitation program, regardless of the specific brain damage and clinical impairment (motor, language, or cognitive), could improve rehabilitation outcomes in patients with stroke. An EF training was designed to have minimal motor and expressive language demands and to be applied to a wide range of clinical conditions. A total of 37 stroke patients were randomly assigned to two groups: a training group, which performed the EF training in addition to the ordinary rehabilitation program (treatment as usual), and a control group, which performed the ordinary rehabilitation exclusively. Both groups were assessed before and after the rehabilitation program on neuropsychological tests covering multiple cognitive domains, and on functional scales (Barthel index, Functional Independence Measure). The results showed that only patients who received the training improved their scores on the Attentional Matrices and Phonemic Fluency tests after the rehabilitation program. Moreover, they showed a greater functional improvement in the Barthel scale as well. These results suggest that combining an EF training with an ordinary rehabilitation program potentiates beneficial effects of the latter, especially in promoting independence in activities of daily living.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Tarantino
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Burgio
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy; (F.B.); (R.T.); (E.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Roberta Toffano
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy; (F.B.); (R.T.); (E.R.); (F.M.)
| | - Elena Rigon
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy; (F.B.); (R.T.); (E.R.); (F.M.)
| | | | - Luca Weis
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Antonino Vallesi
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy; (F.B.); (R.T.); (E.R.); (F.M.)
- Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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26
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Bauer CE, Zachariou V, Seago E, Gold BT. White Matter Hyperintensity Volume and Location: Associations With WM Microstructure, Brain Iron, and Cerebral Perfusion. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:617947. [PMID: 34290597 PMCID: PMC8287527 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.617947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) represent macrostructural brain damage associated with various etiologies. However, the relative contributions of various etiologies to WMH volume, as assessed via different neuroimaging measures, is not well-understood. Here, we explored associations between three potential early markers of white matter hyperintensity volume. Specifically, the unique variance in total and regional WMH volumes accounted for by white matter microstructure, brain iron concentration and cerebral blood flow (CBF) was assessed. Regional volumes explored were periventricular and deep regions. Eighty healthy older adults (ages 60–86) were scanned at 3 Tesla MRI using fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), multi-echo gradient-recalled echo and pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling sequences. In a stepwise regression model, DTI-based radial diffusivity accounted for significant variance in total WMH volume (adjusted R2 change = 0.136). In contrast, iron concentration (adjusted R2 change = 0.043) and CBF (adjusted R2 change = 0.027) made more modest improvements to the variance accounted for in total WMH volume. However, there was an interaction between iron concentration and location on WMH volume such that iron concentration predicted deep (p = 0.034) but not periventricular (p = 0.414) WMH volume. Our results suggest that WM microstructure may be a better predictor of WMH volume than either brain iron or CBF but also draws attention to the possibility that some early WMH markers may be location-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Bauer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Valentinos Zachariou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Elayna Seago
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Brian T Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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27
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Meta-analytic clustering dissociates brain activity and behavior profiles across reward processing paradigms. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 20:215-235. [PMID: 31872334 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reward learning is a ubiquitous cognitive mechanism guiding adaptive choices and behaviors, and when impaired, can lead to considerable mental health consequences. Reward-related functional neuroimaging studies have begun to implicate networks of brain regions essential for processing various peripheral influences (e.g., risk, subjective preference, delay, social context) involved in the multifaceted reward processing construct. To provide a more complete neurocognitive perspective on reward processing that synthesizes findings across the literature while also appreciating these peripheral influences, we used emerging meta-analytic techniques to elucidate brain regions, and in turn networks, consistently engaged in distinct aspects of reward processing. Using a data-driven, meta-analytic, k-means clustering approach, we dissociated seven meta-analytic groupings (MAGs) of neuroimaging results (i.e., brain activity maps) from 749 experimental contrasts across 176 reward processing studies involving 13,358 healthy participants. We then performed an exploratory functional decoding approach to gain insight into the putative functions associated with each MAG. We identified a seven-MAG clustering solution that represented dissociable patterns of convergent brain activity across reward processing tasks. Additionally, our functional decoding analyses revealed that each of these MAGs mapped onto discrete behavior profiles that suggested specialized roles in predicting value (MAG-1 & MAG-2) and processing a variety of emotional (MAG-3), external (MAG-4 & MAG-5), and internal (MAG-6 & MAG-7) influences across reward processing paradigms. These findings support and extend aspects of well-accepted reward learning theories and highlight large-scale brain network activity associated with distinct aspects of reward processing.
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28
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Wales RM, Leung HC. The Effects of Amyloid and Tau on Functional Network Connectivity in Older Populations. Brain Connect 2021; 11:599-612. [PMID: 33813858 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2020.0902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroimaging studies suggest that aged brains show altered connectivity within and across functional networks. Similar changes in functional network integrity are also linked to the accumulation of pathological proteins in the brain, such as amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles seen in Alzheimer's disease. However, less is known about the specific impacts of amyloid and tau on functional network connectivity in cognitively normal older adults who harbor these proteins. Methods: We briefly summarize recent neuroimaging studies of aging and then thoroughly review positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies measuring the relationship between amyloid-tau pathology and functional connectivity in cognitively normal older individuals. Results: The literature overall suggests that amyloid-positive older individuals show minor cognitive dysfunction and aberrant default mode network connectivity compared with amyloid-negative individuals. Tau, however, is more closely associated with network hypoconnectivity and poorer cognition. Those with substantial amyloid and tau experience even greater cognitive decline compared with those with primarily amyloid or tau, suggesting a potential interaction. Multimodal neuroimaging studies suggest that older adults with pathological protein deposits show amyloid-related hyperconnectivity and tau-related hypoconnectivity in multiple functional networks, including the default mode and frontoparietal networks. Discussion: We propose an updated model considering the effects of amyloid and tau on functional connectivity in older individuals. Large, longitudinal neuroimaging studies with multiple levels of analysis are required to obtain a deeper understanding of the dynamic relationship between pathological protein accumulation and functional connectivity changes, as amyloid- and tau-induced connectivity alterations may have critical and time-varying effects on neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Impact statement Amyloid and tau accumulation have been linked with altered functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults. This review synthesized recent functional imaging literatures in a discussion of how amyloid and tau can interactively affect functional connectivity in nonlinear ways, which can explain previous conflicting findings. Changes in connectivity strength may depend on the accumulation of both amyloid and tau, and their integrative effects seem to have critical consequences on cognition. Elucidating the effects of these pathological proteins on brain functioning is paramount to understand the etiology of Alzheimer's disease and the aging process overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Michael Wales
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Hoi-Chung Leung
- Integrative Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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29
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Li X, Shen M, Jin Y, Jia S, Zhou Z, Han Z, Zhang X, Tong X, Jiao J. Validity and Reliability of the New Chinese Version of the Frontal Assessment Battery-Phonemic. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:371-381. [PMID: 33554904 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) is an important health problem in the world. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the validity and reliability of a new version of the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) named the FAB-phonemic (FAB-P). METHODS A total of 76 patients with ADD, 107 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), 37 patients with non-amnestic MCI (naMCI), and 123 healthy controls were included in this study. All participants were evaluated with the FAB-P and the cognitive assessments according to a standard procedure. RESULTS The global FAB-P scores in patients with ADD were lower than those of patients with aMCI, patients with naMCI, and healthy controls (p < 0.001). Patients with aMCI performed worse than healthy controls (p < 0.001). The interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the FAB-P were 0.997, 0.819, and 0.736, respectively. The test could distinguish the patients with mild ADD, aMCI, and naMCI from healthy controls with classification accuracy of 89.4%, 70.9%, and 61.6%, respectively. It could also discriminate between the patients with ADD and aMCI, between those with ADD and naMCI, and between those with aMCI and naMCI with classification accuracy of 73.8%, 83.9%, and 58.0%, respectively. The regression analysis revealed that the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Stroop Color Word Test Part C had the greatest contribution to FAB-P score variance. CONCLUSION The FAB-P is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating frontal lobe function and can effectively discriminate ADD, aMCI, and naMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Department of Cognitive Disorder, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoxin Shen
- Medical School, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhong Jia
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziling Han
- Department of Cognitive Disorder, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Tong
- Medical School, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jinsong Jiao
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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30
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Leocadi M, Canu E, Calderaro D, Corbetta D, Filippi M, Agosta F. An update on magnetic resonance imaging markers in AD. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420947986. [PMID: 33747128 PMCID: PMC7903819 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420947986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present review is to provide an update of the available recent scientific literature on the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). MRI is playing an increasingly important role in the characterization of the AD signatures, which can be useful in both the diagnostic process and monitoring of disease progression. Furthermore, this technique is unique in assessing brain structure and function and provides a deep understanding of in vivo evolution of cerebral pathology. In the reviewing process, we established a priori criteria and we thoroughly searched the very recent scientific literature (January 2018-March 2020) for relevant articles on this topic. In summary, we selected 73 articles out of 1654 publications retrieved from PubMed. Based on this selection, this review summarizes the recent application of MRI in clinical trials, defining the predementia stages of AD, the clinical utility of MRI, proposal of novel biomarkers and brain regions of interest, and assessing the relationship between MRI and cognitive features, risk and protective factors of AD. Finally, the value of a multiparametric approach in clinical and preclinical stages of AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Leocadi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Calderaro
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Corbetta
- Laboratory of Movement Analysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurophysiology Units, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
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Straub KT, Hua JPY, Karcher NR, Kerns JG. Psychosis risk is associated with decreased white matter integrity in limbic network corticostriatal tracts. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 301:111089. [PMID: 32442837 PMCID: PMC7293570 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is thought that altered connectivity between the striatum and the cortex could contribute to psychosis. However, whether psychosis risk is associated with altered white matter connectivity between the striatum and any cortical region is still unclear. Further, no previous study has directly examined whether psychosis risk is associated with altered striatal connectivity with specific cortical networks. The current study examined the integrity of corticostriatal white matter tracts in psychosis risk (n=18) and in non-psychosis risk comparison participants (n=19). We used probabilistic tractography to identify white matter tracts connecting each of four different striatal subregions with their most functionally connected cortical network: limbic, default mode, frontoparietal, and motor networks. We then compared groups on fractional anisotropy in these four tracts. Psychosis risk was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy in white matter tracts connecting the limbic striatum with the limbic cortical network, especially in an anterior right external capsule segment and in tracts specifically connected to the right prefrontal cortex. In contrast, psychosis risk was not associated with decreased white matter integrity in other corticostriatal tracts. Hence, the current research suggests that psychosis risk is especially associated with decreased corticostriatal white matter integrity involved in processing emotional and personally relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey T Straub
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jessica P Y Hua
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Nicole R Karcher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John G Kerns
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Can the Executive Control Network be Used to Diagnose Parkinson's Disease and as an Efficacy Indicator of Deep Brain Stimulation? PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:6348102. [PMID: 32148755 PMCID: PMC7042555 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6348102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this work was to investigate whether there are differences in the executive control network (ECN) between patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) before and after deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery and to explore how deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery affects ECN connectivity in patients with PD. Methods Resting-state magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were obtained from 23 patients with Parkinson's disease preoperatively (pre-PD) and postoperatively (post-PD) and 14 normal controls (CN). The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) was used as the seed region of interest (ROI) to study the characteristics of the functional connectivity of the ECN in these subjects. Results There were differences in the ECN among PD patients before and after surgery and between the CN. Compared with the CN group, the pre-PD patients showed significantly reduced functional connectivity (FC) between the DLPFC and the left inferior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, left cerebellum posterior lobe, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus, right posterior central gyrus, right precuneus, and right inferior frontal gyrus. Compared to the CN group, the post-PD patients showed significantly reduced FC between the DLPFC and left inferior frontal gyrus, left precuneus, left cerebellum posterior lobe, right middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, and right parietal lobule. There is no difference in the ECN between the pre-PD patients and the post-PD patients. Conclusions The FC of ECN in PD patients was different from that in normal controls, but the FC of the ECN in patients with PD may not be altered by DBS. This suggests that the ECN may be considered an imaging biomarker for the identification of PD but may not be a good imaging biomarker for the evaluation of DBS efficacy.
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Xue J, Guo H, Gao Y, Wang X, Cui H, Chen Z, Wang B, Xiang J. Altered Directed Functional Connectivity of the Hippocampus in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:326. [PMID: 31866850 PMCID: PMC6905409 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus is generally reported as one of the regions most impacted by Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and is closely associated with memory function and orientation. Undirected functional connectivity (FC) alterations occur in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, and these alterations have been the subject of many studies. However, abnormal patterns of directed FC remain poorly understood. In this study, to identify changes in directed FC between the hippocampus and other brain regions, Granger causality analysis (GCA) based on voxels was applied to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 29 AD, 65 MCI, and 30 normal control (NC) subjects. The results showed significant differences in the patterns of directed FC among the three groups. There were fewer brain regions showing changes in directed FC with the hippocampus in the MCI group than the NC group, and these regions were mainly located in the temporal lobe, frontal lobe, and cingulate cortex. However, regarding the abnormalities in directed FC in the AD group, the number of affected voxels was greater, the size of the clusters was larger, and the distribution was wider. Most of the abnormal connections were unidirectional and showed hemispheric asymmetry. In addition, we also investigated the correlations between the abnormal directional FCs and cognitive and clinical measurement scores in the three groups and found that some of them were significantly correlated. This study revealed abnormalities in the transmission and reception of information in the hippocampus of MCI and AD patients and offer insight into the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying MCI and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayue Xue
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hao Guo
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huifang Cui
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zeci Chen
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
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Salat DH, Kennedy KM. Current themes and issues in neuroimaging of aging processes: Editorial overview to the special issue on imaging the nonpathological aging brain. Neuroimage 2019; 201:116046. [PMID: 31376520 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David H Salat
- Martinous Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusets General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard University, USA
| | - Kristen M Kennedy
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Center for Vital Longevity, The University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
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