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Szpakiewicz E, Stępień-Nycz M. How do the cognitive processes matter in the event-based preschoolers' prospective memory? Front Psychol 2024; 15:1279144. [PMID: 38699576 PMCID: PMC11063366 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1279144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform an intended action at a specific future moment. The current study examined the impact of age, task focality, and cue salience on PM in children aged 2 to 6 years, based on the multiprocess theory of PM and the executive framework of PM development. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between various cognitive abilities and their association with PM performance. Methods A total of 224 preschool-aged children, aged 2-6, engaged in event-based PM tasks with varying cognitive demands. The tasks were either focal or nonfocal, with salient or nonsalient cues. Additionally, individual differences in cognitive abilities were measured. Results The results support previous indications that even very young children can successfully complete event-based PM tasks. The accuracy of PM display improved with age, especially between the ages of 3 and 4. Better performance was observed in focal PM tasks compared to nonfocal PM tasks. Additionally, preschoolers' PM performance correlated with various cognitive abilities, including fluid intelligence, retrospective memory, inhibitory control, working memory, and language ability. These correlations varied depending on the child's age and the task's nature. For both focal and nonfocal PM tasks, cognitive abilities partially mediated the relationship between age and PM performance. Conclusion In summary, this study comprehensively explores the specific roles played by age and fundamental cognitive abilities in event-based PM performance among preschool-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Szpakiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Poland
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Cottini M, Palladino P, Basso D. From the lab to the classroom: Improving children's prospective memory in a natural setting. Br J Educ Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38616307 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory-based studies have shown that children's ability to remember intentions (i.e., prospective memory; PM) can be improved by asking them to imagine performing the PM task beforehand (i.e., episodic future thinking; EFT) or to predict their PM performance. Moreover, combining the two strategies resulted in an additional improvement in children's PM performance. However, the effectiveness of these encoding strategies on real-life PM tasks is still unknown. AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of EFT instructions, performance predictions, and of their combination on children's PM in a natural setting, namely in the classroom. SAMPLE Twelve classes composed by a total of 121 children (53% females) aged between seven and 9 years participated to the study. METHODS As a PM task, children were asked by their teachers to deliver a letter to their parents and to bring it back to school the next day. Children were divided into four groups: control, prediction, EFT, and the EFT + prediction group. Parent reports on children's everyday prospective and retrospective memory failures were also collected. RESULTS Results showed that encoding strategies were effective in enhancing children's PM performance. However, differences compared to previous laboratory-based findings emerged since predicting PM performance resulted to be most effective in enhancing real-life PM performance. Moreover, parent reports were related to children's PM performance. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings highlight the importance of studying PM interventions in natural settings in order to increase their ecological validity and inform educational practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milvia Cottini
- Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | | | - Demis Basso
- Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
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Tsang APL, Chan SCY, Lu HJ, Wong CC. Effects of age-based stereotype threat on time-based prospective memory. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1379160. [PMID: 38638513 PMCID: PMC11024363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1379160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a blatant activation of age-based stereotype threats (ABST) on time-based prospective memory (TBPM) in older adults. A sample of 74 adults from Hong Kong was randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions: the stereotyped condition (n = 36) or the neutral condition (n = 38). Participants were asked to read fictitious news reports related to dementia (stereotyped condition) or the importance of English oral skills (neutral condition). After, all participants performed a TBPM task using the Chinese lexical decision task as an ongoing task block. The results indicate a main effect of ABST on TBPM accuracy. Specifically, older adults under a blatant activation of ABST demonstrated lower TBPM accuracy (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.08). Further analyses based on age groups demonstrated that TBPM accuracy was only impaired in older participants (aged 70-80 years) (p < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.19). The study, for the first time, provides evidence that ABST can disrupt TBPM performance in older adults, especially when cues are blatantly activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pak Lik Tsang
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Cheong Yu Chan
- Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social Sciences, Saint Francis University, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui Jing Lu
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chung Wong
- Felizberta Lo Padilla Tong School of Social Sciences, Saint Francis University, Tseung Kwan O New Town, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Huber BN, Fulton EK. Meta- prospective memory accuracy in older adults with and without suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment (sMCI). Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38564814 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2024.2334892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study examined if the relationship between generalized and task-specific appraisals of prospective memory (PM) and actual PM performance (i.e., meta-PM accuracy) differed between healthy and suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment (sMCI) older adults. Older adults recruited included 50 healthy and 31 sMCI participants from the community and an outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Data collected consisted of self-reported appraisals and task-specific predictions/postdictions of PM performance, objective PM performance, and executive functioning (EF). The sMCI group had significantly lower scores on objective PM and EF measures related to simple and complex task-switching. Moreover, sMCI participants displayed lower task-specific meta-PM accuracy in the direction of overconfidence, but they displayed relatively equivalent generalized meta-PM accuracy when compared to the healthy group. Notably, the sMCI group's task-specific inaccuracies became non-significant in relation to the healthy group on the final long-term PM tasks after exposure to metacognitive reflection on the first two PM tasks. Despite lower scores on EF measures, EF performance did not explain task-specific meta-PM differences between groups beyond neurocognitive status. Based on these data, sMCI patients may be better assisted by metacognitive calibration strategies, EF protocols, and the implementation of general compensatory memory strategies as targets for early intervention and prevention of neurocognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca N Huber
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Erika K Fulton
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
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Niculescu I, Rappaport LM, Romero K. Rumination, but not mood, predicts prospective memory performance: novel insights from a derived measure of trait rumination. Cogn Emot 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38564188 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2024.2337138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the accurate execution of an intention in the future. PM may be negatively impacted by negative affect, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Rumination may increase the frequency of task-irrelevant thoughts, which deplete attentional capacity and reduce performance. To date, no studies have examined state and trait rumination on an online measure of PM. The present study examined the effects of state and trait rumination on an event-based, focal PM task embedded within a one-back task over multiple sessions. 95 non-depressed adults (18-53 years) completed measures of state/trait rumination, mood, and PM on at least two occasions. Using multi-level modelling, we found that a derived measure of trait rumination, but not an established trait rumination survey, nor negative mood, predicted poorer PM accuracy. These novel findings demonstrate that trait rumination may partially underlie the association between negative affect & PM in a non-clinical sample, and highlight the potential of online methods to study PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Niculescu
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Canada
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Xue F, Wang X, Kong F, Yin T, Wang Y, Shi L, Liu X, Yu H, Liu L, Zhu P, Qi X, Xu X, Hu H, Li S. Effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:97-108. [PMID: 38053478 PMCID: PMC10932802 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). METHODS Fifty of 71 patients completed this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial and compared with 18 healthy controls' (HCs) PM outcomes. Bilateral 20 Hz rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 90% RMT administered 5 weekdays for 4 weeks for a total of 20 treatments. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and PM test were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS Both Event-based PM (EBPM) and Time-based PM (TBPM) scores at baseline were significantly lower in patients with SCZ than that in HCs. After rTMS treatments, the scores of EBPM in patients with SCZ was significantly improved and had no differences from that in HCs, while the scores of TBPM did not improved. The negative symptom scores on PANSS and the scores of almost all subscales and total scores of SANS were significantly improved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that bilateral high-frequency rTMS treatment can alleviate EBPM but not TBPM in patients with SCZ, as well as improve the negative symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide one therapeutic option for PM in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xue
- Mental Health Hospital, Dongcheng districtBeijingChaci communityChina
| | - Xin‐Fu Wang
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Fan‐Ni Kong
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence ResearchPeking UniversityBeijingHaidian DistrictChina
| | - Tian‐Lu Yin
- Institute of Medical InformationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Hong Wang
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Li‐Da Shi
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Xiao‐Wen Liu
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Hui‐Jing Yu
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Li‐Jun Liu
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Ping Zhu
- Mental Health Hospital, Dongcheng districtBeijingChaci communityChina
| | - Xiao‐Xue Qi
- Mental Health Hospital, Dongcheng districtBeijingChaci communityChina
| | - Xue‐Jing Xu
- College of EducationTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hong‐Pu Hu
- Institute of Medical InformationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Su‐Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence ResearchPeking UniversityBeijingHaidian DistrictChina
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Yazarloo M, Sarafraz MR, Jabbari S, Gholipour T, Hashemi T. Comparison of retrospective and prospective memory in subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eur J Transl Myol 2024; 34:12221. [PMID: 38344936 PMCID: PMC11017170 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2024.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Retrospective and prospective memory deficits play a role in maintaining and perpetuating the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), but less is known about these deficits in different subtypes of OCD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the retrospective and prospective memory in patients suffering from cleaning, checking, symmetry, and religious obsessions. In a comparative causal method, 60 participants aged 28 to 55, in 2023, were selected by convenience sampling and placed in five groups of individuals with cleaning, checking, symmetry, religious obsessions, and a healthy group. Participants completed self-report questionnaires and neurocognitive tools. Results showed that defects in retrospective memory were significant in all types of obsessions (p<0.05) except religious obsessions. Also, this defect was more severe in checking obsession disorder compared to other types of OCD. Also, the finding indicated that the defect in prospective memory was significant only in checking obsession disorder (p<0.05). Retrospective and prospective memory impairments and their relationship with deficits in executive functions can be different depending on the type of OCD. Based on the findings, impairment of executive function indirectly by impacting the impairment of other cognitive mechanisms diminishes confidence in retrospective and prospective memory which leads to compulsive behaviors in individuals with contamination and checking obsessions. Also, the impairment of retrospective memory in symmetry obsessions might have a relationship with information encoding, which in turn leads to difficulty recalling information from memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saeide Jabbari
- Faculty of Educational Sciences and psychology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz.
| | - Taraneh Gholipour
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Bandargaz branch, Bandargaz.
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Szpakiewicz E, Józefacka NM. Time-based prospective memory in preschoolers - the role of time monitoring behavior. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1276517. [PMID: 38384342 PMCID: PMC10879596 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1276517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to the ability to remember to perform an intended activity at a specific time in the future or after a specific time interval. This article reviews TBPM memory in preschool children and explores the role of time monitoring behavior in TBPM performance. Methods A total of 242 preschool-aged children (aged 2-6) performed a prospective memory task, wherein prospective memory accuracy, ongoing task performance, and time monitoring activity were assessed. Additionally, the study examined the relationship of various cognitive abilities to TBPM performance through the use of appropriate cognitive tasks. Results The first signs of TBPM were observed in children as young as 2 years old. No significant age differences were identified; preschoolers can perform a delayed intention on their own initiative at a certain point in the future only to a minimal extent. The majority of variance in TBPM performance could be explained by time checking behavior. Conclusion The current study indicated that even 2-year-olds can perform TBPM at a basic level when the task is sufficiently understandable. While many cognitive abilities are correlated with TBPM performance, it appears that only time checking behavior plays a significant role in TBPM among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Szpakiewicz
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Psychology, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Maja Józefacka
- Institute of Psychology, University of the National Education Commission, Krakow, Poland
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9
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Sanders EC, Stuart R, Exum A, Boot WR. Enhancing neurocognitive health, abilities, networks, & community engagement for older adults with cognitive impairments through technology: a scoping review introducing the ENHANCE Center. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:302-312. [PMID: 35749628 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2022.2087770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Age associated cognitive impairments (CIs) result in difficulties with a wide range of daily activities. As the older adult population increases, so does the importance of understanding and supporting the needs and disabilities of those with CIs. The Enhancing Neurocognitive Health, Abilities, Networks, and Community Engagement (ENHANCE) Centre was established with a focus on developing assistive technology to support the socialisation, transportation, and prospective memory needs of older adults with CIs. The extent to which relevant literature in these domains existed was unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review identified existing research meeting the following criteria: participants aged 50+ years classified as having a CI due to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), or stroke; and a focus on technology-based support for socialisation, transportation, and/or prospective memory activities. RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative data are reported from relevant studies. In addition to few studies available, it was common for studies to include 20 or fewer participants. Most assessed technology interactions at one time and few studies examined longitudinal use and benefit. While each paper examined one aspect of user-centred design, no technologies were reported that underwent all stages of the user-centred design process, from needs assessment to iterative design and usability testing, to efficacy trial. CONCLUSIONS Gaps highlight notable directions for future research and the important role ENHANCE can play in addressing the needs and disabilities of older adults with CIs. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONAlthough older adults with common cognitive impairments often experience challenges in the domains of socialisation, transportation, and/or prospective memory, few studies exist that examine assistive technology solutions in these domains.Additional research with more robust designs and larger sample sizes is needed to discover and assess assistive technology solutions for the needs and disabilities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).The ENHANCE Centre will employ a systematic process of needs assessments, user testing, and efficacy tests to develop novel technology solutions to support the needs of older adults with common cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edie C Sanders
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Robin Stuart
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Alexander Exum
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Walter R Boot
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Beech BF, Sumida CA, Schmitter-Edgecombe M. Real-world compensatory strategy use in community-dwelling mid-life and older adults: An evaluation of quality. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:429-452. [PMID: 37165942 PMCID: PMC10638463 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2209927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Older adults often spontaneously engage in compensatory strategies (CS) to support everyday task completion, but factors that influence success of chosen CS remain unclear. This study examines whether real-world prospective memory (PM) task completion is better predicted by CS count or a CS quality rating. Method: Seventy mid-life and older adult participants were presented four novel, real-world PM tasks via remote assessment and encouraged to use their typical CS. The examiner captured detailed information about planned CS at task presentation (T1) and utilized CS at follow-up testing (T2). From this information, count (CS Count; quantity of CS) and quality (CS Quality; rating of CS thoroughness and utility) scores were coded separately for the planned and utilized CS. PM task performance accuracy was also coded (PM Accuracy). Results: Hierarchical regressions revealed planned CS Count and Quality did not predict PM Accuracy. In contrast, the utilized CS Quality predicted a significant amount of PM Accuracy variance over and above CS Count, global cognition, and age (R2 = .47, ΔR2 = .24, ΔF = 29.36, p < .001, f2 = .45). Furthermore, utilized CS Quality accounted for a similar amount of variance in PM Accuracy when utilized CS Count was removed from the model. Conclusions: This study's CS coding system can capture and quantify the quality of strategies, which uniquely predicts real-world PM performance. This coding system may provide researchers with a nuanced CS measure and lead to improved CS interventions designed to support everyday PM performance, such as targeted CS trainings.
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El Haj M, Moustafa AA, Antoine P, Chapelet G. Relationship Between Future Thinking and Prospective Memory in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:33-42. [PMID: 38229829 PMCID: PMC10789294 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Future thinking and prospective memory are two cognitive processes oriented toward the future and reliant on the ability to envision oneself in future scenarios. Objective We explored the connection between future thinking and prospective memory in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods We invited both AD participants and control participants to engage in event-based prospective memory tasks (e.g., "please hand me this stopwatch when I inform you there are 10 minutes remaining") and time-based prospective memory tasks (e.g., "close the book you are working on in five minutes"). Additionally, we asked participants to engage in a future thinking task where they imagined upcoming events. Results Analysis revealed that AD participants exhibited lower performance in both prospective memory tasks and future thinking compared to the control group. Importantly, we identified significant positive correlations between the performance on event- and time-based prospective memory tasks and future thinking abilities among AD participants. Conclusions These findings underscore the connection between the decline in both prospective memory domains and the ability to envision future events in individuals with AD. Our results also shed light on the challenges AD individuals face when trying to project themselves into the future to mentally pre-experience upcoming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- School of Psychology & Marcs Institute for Brain and Behaviour, University of Western Sydney, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pascal Antoine
- Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193 SCALab - Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Chapelet
- CHU Nantes, Clinical Gerontology Department, Bd Jacques Monod, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, TENS, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Diseases, IMAD, Nantes, France
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Duan F, Xia L, Li J, Li X, Zhou Y, Luo H, Wang Z, Song X, Wang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang X, Jiao D. Sex, executive function, and prospective memory regulate the chain-mediation pathway of alcohol use and impulsivity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1292422. [PMID: 38174071 PMCID: PMC10761403 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1292422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Evidence from previous studies indicates that impulsive behaviors are closely linked to alcohol use and misuse and that female drinkers are more impulsive than male drinkers. However, studies investigating the psychological mechanisms of alcohol use and impulsivity based on sex differences are relatively limited. Methods This cross-sectional study comprised 713 residents from 16 cities in Anhui Province, China. Each subject was evaluated for self-reporting measures using several questionnaires, including the general information questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRM), the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11). Results Executive function and prospective memory may serve as intermediary links between alcohol use and impulsivity. Although the female alcohol usage level was significantly lower than that of males, the female drinkers had more severe executive dysfunction, prospective memory impairment, and impulsivity than male drinkers. Sex moderated the relationship between alcohol use and impulsivity. Furthermore, the indirect effect of executive function, and prospective memory between AUDIT and BIS was more significant in males than in females. Conclusion Alcohol consumption may be associated with impulsivity formation through executive dysfunction and PM impairment, implying that impulsivity in those with AUD or at risk for AUD might be treated by improving EF and PM. Alcohol use may cause more severe executive dysfunction, PM impairment, and impulsive behavior in females than in males, and impulsive behavior in women with AUD was more likely to be due to the direct effects of alcohol consumption, while impulsive behavior in men with AUD was more likely to be due to the indirect effects of executive dysfunction and PM impairment. These findings provide both clinical and theoretical foundations for addressing issues related to alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Duan
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lingling Xia
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Junda Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yiding Zhou
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hanrun Luo
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jinxuan Chen
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dongliang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Villafane Barraza V, Voegtle A, de Matos Mansur B, Reichert C, Nasuto SJ, Sweeney-Reed CM. Parietal cortical alpha/beta suppression during prospective memory retrieval. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:11235-11246. [PMID: 37804246 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) impairment is among the most frequent memory complaints, yet little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. PM for a planned intention may be achieved through strategic monitoring of the environment for cues, involving ongoing attentional processes, or through spontaneous retrieval. We hypothesized that parietal spectral power modulation accompanies prospectively encoded intention retrieval, irrespective of PM retrieval approach. A cognitively engaging arithmetic-based ongoing task (OGT) was employed to encourage spontaneous retrieval, with a focal, internally generated PM cue to eliminate OGT/PM trial differentiation based on perceptual or conceptual PM cue features. Two PM repetition frequencies were used to vary the extent of strategic monitoring. We observed a transient parietal alpha/beta spectral power reduction directly preceding the response, which was distinguishable on a single trial basis, as revealed by an OGT/PM trial classification rate exceeding 70% using linear discriminant analysis. The alpha/beta idling rhythm reflects cortical inhibition. A disengagement of task-relevant neural assemblies from this rhythm, reflected in alpha/beta power reduction, is deemed to increase information content, facilitate information integration, and enable engagement of neural assemblies in task-related cortical networks. The observed power reduction is consistent with the Dual Pathways model, where PM strategies converge at the PM retrieval stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Villafane Barraza
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Angela Voegtle
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bruno de Matos Mansur
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Reichert
- Department of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Slawomir J Nasuto
- Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering Division, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Department of Neurology, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Xia LL, Li JD, Duan F, Zhang J, Mu LL, Wang LJ, Jiao CY, Song X, Wang Z, Chen JX, Wang JJ, Wang Y, Zhang XC, Jiao DL. Effects of Online Game and Short Video Behavior on Academic Delay of Gratification - Mediating Effects of Anxiety, Depression and Retrospective Memory. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4353-4365. [PMID: 37908679 PMCID: PMC10615256 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s432196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Learner dependence on short videos has many pitfalls for learning outcomes, but the negative effects of excessive short video use have been little discussed in the learning psychology literature. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of excessive short video use on anxiety, depression, prospective memory, and academically delayed gratification (ADOG) in relation to online gaming-related behaviours, and explored the possible mechanisms by which excessive online gaming and short video use may lead to decreased ADOG, to expand our understanding of excessive short video use. Methods Based on the whole class random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in Northern Anhui, China from May 7 to July 27, 2022. The questionnaires included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire Scale (PHQ-9), Prospective and Retrospective Memory (PRM) Questionnaire, and ADOG Scale. Results A total of 1016 participants completed the survey. The study found that of all the internet behaviors, 20.8% of the college students mainly played online games, 43.9% mainly played short videos, and 35.3% conducted other online behaviors. When compared with other internet behaviors, online gaming and short video behaviors can cause more serious anxiety/depression and worse PRM and ADOG scores. As time spent playing online games and short videos increased, anxiety and depression became worse, and the scores for PRM and ADOG also declined. Anxiety, depression, and PRM mediate the relationship between time spent on online gaming/short videos and ADOG. Conclusion Excessive short videos behaviour may produce the same psychological problems and learning problems as online gaming disorder. Excessive short video and online gaming behaviors may affect ADOG performance through anxiety, depression, and prospective memory. These findings could be used as a basis for future studies on the improvement of ADOG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Xia
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun-Da Li
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Duan
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Lin Mu
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Jin Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen-Yang Jiao
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xuan Chen
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chu Zhang
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Liang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, People’s Republic of China
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15
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De Simone MS, Costa A, Tieri G, Taglieri S, Cona G, Fiorenzato E, Carlesimo GA, Caltagirone C, Zabberoni S. The effectiveness of an immersive virtual reality and telemedicine-based cognitive intervention on prospective memory in Parkinson's disease patients with mild cognitive impairment and healthy aged individuals: design and preliminary baseline results of a placebo-controlled study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1268337. [PMID: 37928597 PMCID: PMC10622796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1268337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prospective memory (PM) impairments have been extensively documented in individuals with Parkinson's disease associated with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and in those with healthy aging. Considering how PM failure decreases individuals' quality of life and functional independence in the activities of daily living, training to enhance this ability could be a prior target of intervention. Objective Here, we aimed to present the study protocol and preliminary results of a novel immersive virtual reality (IVR) and telemedicine-based (TM) cognitive intervention focused on executive abilities (i.e., planning, shifting, and updating) to improve PM functioning in PD-MCI patients and healthy elderly individuals. Methods Outcome measures, collected before, immediately after and 2 months after the intervention, included: (1) pre-post training changes in objective cognitive functioning, evaluated with tests assessing executive functions and PM; (2) pre-post training changes in subjective perception of memory functioning, psychiatric symptoms, autonomy in daily living and quality of life, evaluated using the appropriate scales; (3) usability, feasibility and users' compliance with the proposed IVR and telemedicine program. The efficacy of this intervention compared to an active control condition is currently being evaluated in a randomized, double-blind controlled trial, which will be conducted on 30 eligible PD-MCI patients and 30 older adults. Results Preliminary results concerning between-group comparisons of demographic and neuropsychological screening data show a good balance among the intervention groups considered in this study. The results also suggest good levels of usability, feasibility and acceptability, thus supporting the notion that our intervention can be used to promote cognitive functioning, even in people with cognitive decline. Conclusion Considering the relatively low costs and easy accessibility to this program, it could prove valuable in primary prevention initiatives and early cognitive rehabilitation for dementia risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania De Simone
- Department of Psychology, Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Costa
- Department of Psychology, Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Tieri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Virtual Reality and Digital Neuroscience Lab, Department of Law and Digital Society, University of Rome Unitelma Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Tanguay AFN, Gardam O, Archibald J, Ayson G, Atance CM. Using an episodic specificity induction to improve children's future thinking. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1249090. [PMID: 37928570 PMCID: PMC10622774 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1249090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Episodic future thinking (EFT) is the ability to subjectively pre-experience a specific future event. Future-oriented cognition in young children positively predicts physical health and financial status later in life. Can EFT be improved in children, even temporarily? Developmental research emphasizes the importance of thinking about one's own near future to enhance EFT, whereas research in adults suggests benefits reside in constructing a richly detailed event. We bridged the two perspectives to examine whether a procedure, the "episodic specificity induction" (ESI), could be adapted to encourage an episodic mode of thinking in children, benefitting performance on a variety of subsequent EFT tasks. The present study implemented a child-friendly ESI in which children mentally simulated a future event and were probed for specific details about it. We randomly assigned 66 children aged 6 and 7 years to one of two conditions: (1) ESI, in which children imagined "having breakfast tomorrow" in detail, describing surroundings, people, and actions, or (2) a Control condition (i.e., no construction), in which children simply viewed and described a picture of another child having breakfast. Children then completed a series of future thinking tasks assessing prospective memory, recollection/imagination of events, delay of gratification, and planning. Our ESI was successful in promoting the construction of a detailed event, and subsequently increasing the number of details of recollected and imagined events on an outcome task as compared to a control condition. Nonetheless, the effect of ESI was smaller than expected - a finding that fits with recent work suggesting that such interventions may be too cognitively taxing for young children and/or that benefits may hinge on further development in episodic processes. We discuss possible modifications to the induction and implications for EFT amelioration in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cristina M. Atance
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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17
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Smith-Spark JH, Lewis EG. Lived Experiences of Everyday Memory in Adults with Dyslexia: A Thematic Analysis. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:840. [PMID: 37887490 PMCID: PMC10604285 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslexia-related difficulties with memory are well documented under laboratory conditions and via self-report questionnaires. However, the voice of the individual with dyslexia regarding the lived experience of memory across different memory systems and different daily settings is currently lacking. To address this gap in the literature, semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 adult female university students with dyslexia. Questions probed different memory systems and experiences across different settings, with interviewees also being asked about their use of technology to support their memory. Two overarching themes were identified in the subsequent thematic analysis. The theme of fallibility of memory had two sub-themes of (i) a lack of trust and confidence in memory and (ii) factors contributing to memory failure. The second theme, facilitators of memory, also consisted of two sub-themes, relating to (i) a preference for traditional tools to support memory and (ii) the use of digital tools to support memory: benefits and limitations. The current study gives insights into the rich and complex extended and distributed cognitive systems of adults with dyslexia. The implications of the findings for dyslexia theory, support in educational and work settings as well as assistive technology development are considered.
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18
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Nanousi V, Kalogeraki K, Smyrnaiou A, Tola M, Bokari F, Georgopoulos VC. The Development of a Pilot App Targeting Short-Term and Prospective Memory in People Diagnosed with Dementia. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:752. [PMID: 37754030 PMCID: PMC10525938 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the World Health Organization, people suffering from dementia exhibit a serious decline in various cognitive domains and especially in memory. AIMS This study aims to create a pilot computer app to enhance short-term memory and prospective memory in individuals with dementia using errorless learning based on their individualized needs. METHODS Fifteen dementia patients and matched controls, matched for age, sex, and education, were selected. Their daily routines were analyzed, and cognitive abilities were assessed using the MoCA test. Considering the participants' illness severity and daily needs, the pilot app was designed to aid in remembering daily tasks (taking medication and meals), object locations, and familiar faces and names. RESULTS An improvement in patients' short-term and prospective memory throughout the training sessions, but not in overall cognitive functioning was observed. A statistically significant difference between patients and healthy controls was indicated in their ability to retain information relevant to them in their short-term memory, or to remember to act in the future following schedules organized at present (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION This app appears beneficial for training dementia patients and healthy individuals in addressing memory challenges. RECOMMENDATION While the pilot app showed promise, further research with larger samples is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Nanousi
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Konstantina Kalogeraki
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Smyrnaiou
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Manila Tola
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Foteini Bokari
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Voula Chris Georgopoulos
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Primary Health Care Laboratory, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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19
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Rao PS, Rangaswamy M, Evans J, Dutt A. Prospective memory in early and established psychosis: An Indian perspective. J Neuropsychol 2023; 17:461-476. [PMID: 37070648 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals affected by psychosis often have deficits in several neurocognitive functions. Prospective memory (PM), the ability to remember to do things, is crucial for activities of daily living, social and occupational functioning, but very few studies have attempted to examine this domain of functioning in people with psychosis, particularly in India. A total of 71 patients with psychosis, (both early and established psychosis), and 140 age, gender and education-matched healthy controls were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale, and Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination. PM was assessed using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test and the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ). Group differences were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Significantly greater cognitive deficits, higher anxiety and depression were evident in the psychosis group compared with controls. The psychosis group performed significantly poorer on both time- and event-based tests in CAMPROMPT than controls. These differences remained when controlling for age, education, general cognitive functioning and mood. The subjective measure of PM (PRMQ) did not differentiate the two groups. The PM performance of early and established psychosis patients was similar. Comparisons with cross-cultural data (PRMQ UK norms and CAMPROMPT and PRMQ Chinese data) revealed important differences in PM performance. Individuals with psychosis have significant deficits in both time- and event-based PM. CAMPROMPT emerged as a more sensitive PM measure compared with PRMQ. Results from cross-cultural comparisons underscore the need for cultural contextualization of assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulijala Sulakshana Rao
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
- Duttanagar Mental Health Centre, Kolkata, 700077, India
| | - Madhavi Rangaswamy
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Jonathan Evans
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anirban Dutt
- Department of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
- Duttanagar Mental Health Centre, Kolkata, 700077, India
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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20
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Guo Y, Gan J, Ding Y, Li Y. The Effect of Implementation Intentions on Prospective Memory Commission Errors under Different Cognitive Loads. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:602. [PMID: 37504049 PMCID: PMC10375946 DOI: 10.3390/bs13070602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to perform a planned event or activity at a specific time or situation in the future. Implementation intentions can promote a connection between PM cues and intended actions, thus improving an individual's PM performance. However, this simple and effective encoding strategy may also have negative effects. For example, an implementation intention may result in PM commission errors that occur when an individual makes a false PM response to repeated PM cues that are no longer relevant as the PM task has been completed. Existing studies have explored the effect of implementation intentions on PM commission errors under low cognitive load. However, the role of implementation intentions in promoting linkages between PM cues and actions tends to disintegrate under high cognitive loads. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of implementation intentions on PM commission errors under different cognitive load conditions. In this study, 58 college students participated in a mixed experimental design of 2 (encoding methods: implementation intention, standard) × 2 (cognitive load conditions: low, high). The results showed that implementation intentions promoted PM commission errors under the low-cognitive-load condition only, and there was no difference in the performance of ongoing tasks between the implementation intention encoding and the standard encoding conditions. However, individuals in the implementation intention condition reacted more slowly when encountering previous PM cues. The results suggest that the effect of implementation intentions on PM commission errors relies upon automated processing as a whole. However, individuals in the implementation intention condition required more attentional resources to suppress the no-longer-relevant intended actions when previous PM cues appeared, supporting the dual-mechanism theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Guo
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Jiaqun Gan
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
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21
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van de Vijver I, Brinkhof LP, de Wit S. Age differences in routine formation: the role of automatization, motivation, and executive functions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1140366. [PMID: 37484115 PMCID: PMC10357511 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1140366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication adherence can be vital for one's health, especially in older adults. However, previous research has demonstrated that medication adherence is negatively affected by age-related cognitive decline. In the current study we investigated whether older adults are able to compensate for this decline by relying more on the formation of efficient, automatized routines. To this end, we directly compared daily (placebo) medication adherence in a healthy sample of 68 younger (18-29 years) and 63 older adults (65-86 years) over a period of 4 weeks. We show that despite an age-related decline in cognitive functions (i.e., poorer working memory, prospective memory, task switching, and goal-directed control), older adults adhered better to a daily pill intake routine than younger adults did and, in line with our hypothesis about increased routine formation, reported higher subjective automaticity of pill intake. Across age groups, automatization of pill intake was related to intake regularity and conscientiousness, but not to individual differences in habit tendency as measured in the lab nor to explicit strategic planning. Crucially, the age-related increase in pill intake adherence was mediated by experienced automatization as well as motivation. These findings demonstrate that intact habitual processes and high motivation aid older adults in successfully forming daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van de Vijver
- Habit Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lotte P. Brinkhof
- Habit Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne de Wit
- Habit Lab, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Hunter Ball B, Peper P, Bugg JM. Dissociating proactive and reactive control in older adults. Psychol Aging 2023; 38:323-332. [PMID: 37104786 PMCID: PMC10424279 DOI: 10.1037/pag0000748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The Dual Mechanisms of Control framework predicts that age-related declines should be most prominent for tasks that require proactive control, while tasks requiring reactive control should show minimal age differences in performance. However, results from traditional paradigms are inconclusive as to whether these two processes are independent, making it difficult to understand how these processes change with age. The present study manipulated the proportion congruency in a list-wide (Experiments 1 and 2) or item-specific (Experiment 1) fashion to independently assess proactive and reactive control, respectively. In the list-wide task, older adults were unable to proactively bias attention away from word processing based on list-level expectancies. Proactive control deficits replicated across multiple task paradigms, with different Stroop stimuli (picture-word, integrated color-word, separated color-word), and different behavioral indices (Stroop interference, secondary prospective memory). In contrast, older adults were successfully able to reactively filter the word dimension based on item-specific expectancies. These findings provide unambiguous support that aging is associated with declines in proactive, but not reactive, control. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hunter Ball
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington
| | - Phil Peper
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington
| | - Julie M. Bugg
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis
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23
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Occhionero M, Tonetti L, Conca A, Giovagnoli S, Giupponi G, Zoppello M, Natale V. Activity-Based Prospective Memory in ADHD during Motor Sleep Inertia. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23115181. [PMID: 37299910 DOI: 10.3390/s23115181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is essential in everyday life because it concerns the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. Individuals diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often show poor performance in PM. Because age can be confounding, we decided to test PM in ADHD patients (children and adults) and healthy controls (children and adults). We examined 22 children (four females; mean age = 8.77 ± 1.77) and 35 adults (14 females; mean age = 37.29 ± 12.23) with ADHD, in addition to 92 children (57 females; mean age = 10.13 ± 0.42) and 95 adults (57 females; mean age = 27.93 ± 14.35) as healthy controls. Each participant originally wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist and was requested to push the event-marker at get-up time. To assess the efficiency of PM performance, we calculated the time elapsing between the end of sleep in the morning and the pushing of the event-marker button. The results showed lower PM performance in ADHD participants, regardless of age. However, the differences between ADHD and control groups were more evident in the children group. Our data seem to confirm that PM efficiency is compromised in individuals diagnosed with ADHD regardless of age, and agree with the idea of considering the PM deficit as a neuropsychological marker of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Occhionero
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Conca
- Division of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Sara Giovagnoli
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marina Zoppello
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Fabbri M. Mindfulness, Subjective Cognitive Functioning, Sleep Timing and Time Expansion during COVID-19 Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study in Italy. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:313-332. [PMID: 37366659 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 lockdown, a distortion of time passage has been widely reported in association with a change in daily rhythm. However, several variables related to these changes have not been considered. The purpose of the present study was to assess the changes in dispositional mindfulness, time experience, sleep timing and subjective memory functioning. A longitudinal study was conducted on 39 Italian adults (53.85% males; 35.03 ± 14.02 years) assessing mindfulness, ad hoc questions of sleep habits during workdays and free days, chronotypes, subjective time experience, and memory functioning before (December 2019-March 2020) and during (April 2020-May 2020) the first Italian COVID-19 lockdown. Participants reported delayed sleep timing, a slowdown in the perception of the present time, a decrease of time pressure, and an increase in the feeling of time expansion/boredom. In addition to correlations between mindfulness, memory functioning, and subjective sleep duration during workdays, a mediation model showed that changes in the dispositional mindfulness determined a delay of bedtime during workdays through the mediation effect of increased feeling of time expansion/boredom. This finding highlighted the role of mindfulness in reducing the feeling of time expansion/boredom for regulating the sleep timing. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, CE, Italy
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Barnett MD, Chek CJW. Inhibition mediates the relationship between age cohort and virtual reality-based prospective memory. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:411-422. [PMID: 37602433 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2246212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective memory has received relatively little attention from a clinical perspective, yet it is an important part of daily functioning. Executive functions have been linked with prospective memory abilities, and age differences are found in both executive functions and prospective memory. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether age cohort differences in prospective memory abilities are mediated by executive functions, specifically inhibition. METHOD Participants (N = 108) consisted of young adults (n= 53) and older adults (n= 55) without any neurocognitive impairment. Participants completed a clinical interview and a battery of neuropsychological tests that included the Mini-Mental Status Exam-2 Standard Version (MMSE-2-SV), the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 (WCST-64), the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System Color-Word Interference Test (D-KEFS CWIT), and the Virtual Kitchen Protocol (VKP). RESULTS Young adults had higher prospective memory scores than older adults. Inhibition (i.e., D-KEFS CWIT) mediated the relationship between age cohort and prospective memory, while cognitive flexibility did not mediate the relationship. CONCLUSIONS Older adults may have diminished inhibition abilities that may negatively affect their ability to complete prospective memory tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Barnett
- Aging, Neuropsychology, and Technology (ANT) Lab, Memory Assessment and Research Center, Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, United States of America
| | - Carmen Jia-Wen Chek
- Aging, Neuropsychology, and Technology (ANT) Lab, Memory Assessment and Research Center, Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, The University of Texas at Tyler, United States of America
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Sheppard DP, Rau HK, Trittschuh EH, Werhane ML, Schindler AG, Hendrickson RC, Peskind ER, Pagulayan KF. Poorer prospective memory performance is associated with reduced time monitoring among OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:577-594. [PMID: 35689397 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2068455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective:Prospective memory (PM) or "remembering to remember" has been shown to be reduced in Veterans with histories of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), particularly on tasks with high strategic demands such as recalling time-based information in the absence of external cues. This study examined whether time monitoring during a PM task was reduced in Veterans with a history of mTBI and was associated with time-based PM performance. Method:Veterans with a history of mTBI (n = 49) and Veterans without a history of TBI (n = 16) completed the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) as a measure of PM during which their time monitoring (i.e. number of clock checks) was recorded. Results:Adjusting for age, education, depression, and PTSD symptoms, negative binomial regression revealed that the mTBI group checked the clock less frequently compared to the control group (Cohen's d = 0.84, p = 0.005). Within the mTBI group, less frequent time monitoring across the entire MIST task was associated with poorer time-based MIST performance (rs = .57, p < 0.001), but not with event-based MIST (rs = .04, p = 0.768). Conclusions:Veterans with a history of mTBI evidenced significantly reduced time monitoring during a PM task compared to Veterans without a history mTBI, which was associated with strategically-demanding PM. Current findings provide that mTBI-associated difficulties with strategic aspects of PM may be due to reduced time monitoring. Future studies are needed to determine if reduced time monitoring also contributes to mTBI-associated PM difficulties in the real-world (e.g. medication non-adherence).
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Sheppard
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Holly K Rau
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Emily H Trittschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Madeleine L Werhane
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Abigail G Schindler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Rebecca C Hendrickson
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Elaine R Peskind
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Kathleen F Pagulayan
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Northwest Network (VISN 20) Mental Illness, Research, Education, and Clinical Care (MIRECC), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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Basso D, Corradini G, Cottini M. "Teacher, forgive me, I forgot to do it!" The impact of children's prospective memory on teachers' evaluation of academic performance. Br J Educ Psychol 2023; 93:17-32. [PMID: 35934815 PMCID: PMC10087291 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to Munsat (1965, The concept of memory. University of Michigan), a person who makes frequent prospective memory (PM) errors is considered as having a flawed character rather than a bad memory. Given that PM completes its development only in young adulthood, this bias might occur not only within social relationships but also in school. However, little is known about the impact of this bias on academic performance. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the impact of children's PM on teacher's evaluations of their academic performance (i.e., grades) and social skills. SAMPLE A total of 158 eight- and twelve-year-old children (48% females) participated in this study. METHODS A working memory (WM) updating task was used as ongoing task (OT), in which the PM task was embedded and required participants to respond whenever certain pictures appeared. Children's social skills were measured through teacher ratings, whereas grades were collected as indicators of teachers' assessment of academic performance. Children's WM span and inhibitory control were also assessed. RESULTS Results showed that 8- and 12-year-old children's academic performance was predicted by both PM performance and teachers' evaluations of social skills. However, social skills evaluations were not predicted by PM performance. WM span was related to grades in 8 year olds, while inhibitory control was related to PM performance in 12 year olds. CONCLUSIONS These outcomes highlight that children's grades are not explained only by academic performance itself but also by other personal skills. Awareness of the biases which can occur when evaluating children's academic performance can help teachers to be more objective in their assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demis Basso
- Cognitive and Educational Sciences (CES) Lab, Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy.,Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Giovanni Corradini
- Cognitive and Educational Sciences (CES) Lab, Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
| | - Milvia Cottini
- Cognitive and Educational Sciences (CES) Lab, Faculty of Education, Free University of Bolzano-Bozen, Bressanone-Brixen, Italy
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28
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Stedall PM, Spencer-Smith MM, Lah S, Doyle LW, Spittle AJ, Burnett AC, Anderson PJ. Episodic and prospective memory difficulties in 13-year-old children born very preterm. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:257-65. [PMID: 35388789 DOI: 10.1017/S1355617722000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children born very preterm (VP) are susceptible to a range of cognitive impairments, yet the effects of VP birth on long-term, episodic, and prospective memory remains unclear. This study examined episodic and prospective memory functioning in children born VP compared with their term-born counterparts at 13 years. METHOD VP (n = 81: born <30 weeks' gestation) and term (n = 26) groups were aged between 12 and 14 years. Children completed: (i) standardized verbal and visuospatial episodic memory tests; and (ii) an experimental time- and event-based prospective memory test that included short-term (within assessment session) and long-term (up to 1-week post-session) tasks. Parents completed a questionnaire assessing memory functions in everyday life. RESULTS The VP group performed worse on all measures of verbal and visuospatial episodic memory than the term group. While there were no group differences in event-based or long-term prospective memory, the VP group performed worse on time-based and short-term prospective memory tasks than term-born counterparts. Parents of children born VP reported more everyday memory difficulties than parents of children born at term, with parent-ratings indicating significantly elevated rates of everyday memory challenges in children born VP. CONCLUSIONS Children born VP warrant long-term surveillance, as challenges associated with VP birth include memory difficulties at 13 years. This study highlights the need for greater research and clinical attention into childhood functional memory outcomes.
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López-Rojas C, Csilinkó A, Bajo MT, Marful A. ERP and Behavioural Correlates of Prospective Memory in Bilinguals during L1 and L2 Processing. Brain Sci 2023; 13. [PMID: 36831908 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Language influences how we process information from multiple domains. Thus, working in first (L1) or second language (L2) can modulate bilinguals' performance on basic activities, such as visual search, decision-making, or reading. However, few studies have explored the role of L1 and L2 processing during an essential ability, such as Prospective Memory (PM). This type of memory allows us to set intentions to perform in the future (e.g., to attend an appointment). Thus, this is a novel study that allows us to explore the influence of bilingual language processing on certain cognitive abilities, which have not been deeply studied yet, such as the recall of future intentions. Thereby, this study aimed to explore the neural and behavioural correlates of bilinguals during L1 and L2 processing in a PM task where participants had to carry out an ongoing task while recovering a prospective intention given a PM cue. Importantly, the nature of the PM cue (focal or non-focal) varied the monitoring demands of the task. Behavioural and Event-Related Potential (ERP) results indicated greater engagement of monitoring processes in the PM task during L2 processing. Specifically, in L2, we found lower accuracy rates in the ongoing task and smaller amplitude differences between the focal and non-focal conditions in the P3b. Altogether, these findings suggest an impairment in prospective processing due to working in L2 contexts, supporting previous research on the impact of the bilingual experience over PM.
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30
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Brando E, Charest K, Tremblay A, Roger E, Duquette P, Rouleau I. Prospective memory in multiple sclerosis: clinical utility of the Miami Prospective Memory Test. Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:350-370. [PMID: 35343382 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2055650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that frequently affects cognition. Persons with MS (PwMS) complain of difficulties with prospective memory (PM), the capacity to remember to perform an intended action at the appropriate moment in the future. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMT) in detecting PM deficits in MS. The test is brief, easy to administer and accessible, and allows direct comparison between scores on event- and time-based conditions. A secondary objective was to examine the relationship between PM performance and cognitive functioning. Method: Eighty-four PwMS between 27 and 78 years old were compared to 50 age-, sex- and education-matched healthy adults on the MPMT. Results: Time-based (TB) scores, but not event-based (EB) scores, were significantly lower in PwMS than in healthy adults. The MPMT showed good internal consistency, and correlations were found with disability assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). PM was also correlated with memory and executive/attention functioning. Conclusions: This study supports the clinical utility of the MPMT in assessing the presence of PM deficits in PwMS especially under TB constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Brando
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kim Charest
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tremblay
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Elaine Roger
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Duquette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Rouleau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Gromisch ES, Turner AP, Neto LO, Haselkorn JK, Raskin SA. Identifying prospective memory deficits in multiple sclerosis: Preliminary evaluation of the criterion and ecological validity of a single item version of the memory for intentions test (MIST). Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 37:371-386. [PMID: 35403570 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2062451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Difficulties with prospective memory (PM) are not routinely assessed in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) even though they can impact daily functioning. This study aimed to examine the preliminary criterion and ecological validity of a highly abbreviated Memory for Intentions Test (MIST) intended to serve as an initial screening of PM in persons with MS. Methods: Participants (n = 112) were classified as impaired if they performed 1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean on the MIST. Individual MIST trials with adequate difficulty and discriminability were examined using receiver operating characteristic analyses, with their classification accuracies, sensitivities, and specificities compared to each other. Regressions were run to evaluate their ecological validity, with appointment attendance and employment as the outcomes. Results: Two trials had a classification accuracy of ≥80%: Trial 3 (79% sensitivity, 84% specificity) and Trial 4 (57% sensitivity, 91% specificity). These two trials had comparable specificity (p=.127), with Trial 3 having slightly higher sensitivity (p=.083). Only Trial 4 was significantly associated with appointment attendance (b = 1.63, p=.047) and unemployment (aOR = 11.20, p=.027). Discussion:Trial 4 of the MIST, a verbal task with a time-based cue that requires participants to complete a pre-specified response after a 15-minute delay, has the potential to be a screener for PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Gromisch
- Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Trinity Health Of New England, Hartford, CT, USA.,Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Aaron P Turner
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence West, Seattle, WA, USA.,Rehabilitation Care Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lindsay O Neto
- Mandell Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Mount Sinai Rehabilitation Hospital, Trinity Health Of New England, Hartford, CT, USA.,Department of Rehabilitative Medicine, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jodie K Haselkorn
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Excellence West, Seattle, WA, USA.,Rehabilitation Care Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah A Raskin
- Neuroscience Program, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, USA.,Department of Psychology, Trinity College, Hartford, CT, USA
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Jiao CY, Song X, Shao WY, Feng LP, Jiao DL. The chain-mediation pathway of gender regarding academic delay of gratification in college students is regulated by anxiety/depressive mood and prospective memory. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1015331. [PMID: 36570991 PMCID: PMC9773976 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigated the relationship between gender and academic delay of gratification (ADOG) in college students and explored the mediating roles of anxiety/depressive mood and prospective memory to provide a theoretical intervention approach based on internal mechanisms. Methods Random cluster sampling was conducted on 609 students from three universities situated in the Province of Anhui, China with the use of data from several questionnaires: the general information questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, Prospective and Retrospective Memory (PRM) Questionnaire, and ADOG Scale. Results The females' anxiety and depression levels were lower than that of the males, while the female PRM and ADOG performance improved when compared to that of the males. Anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with PRM and ADOG, respectively, whereas the PRM and ADOG data demonstrated a positive correlation. Depression/anxiety and prospective memory also played a chain intermediary role between gender and ADOG. Conclusion Gender not only directly affects college students' ADOG, but it also has indirect effects through depression/anxiety and prospective memory. Therefore, it is very important to treat students' mental health differently according to gender to improve prospective memory and delayed academic satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yang Jiao
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wen-Yi Shao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lin-Pu Feng
- School of Medical Imaging, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Dong-Liang Jiao
- School of Mental Health, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China,*Correspondence: Dong-Liang Jiao,
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Palit A, Roy PK, Saha PK. Role of Prospective Memory in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Indian J Psychol Med 2022; 44:586-591. [PMID: 36339701 PMCID: PMC9615457 DOI: 10.1177/02537176221100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of memory in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been an area of research that has yielded mixed results, particularly in prospective memory (PM) functioning. Hence, one objective of the study was to assess PM deficits in patients with OCD. Also, research in this area has been sparse, and most researchers have used questionnaires and people with subclinical symptoms of OCD, which might have impacted the generalizability of the findings. Thus, the second objective was to assess PM functioning using a performance-based task in persons with OCD having clinical symptoms. METHODS This is a cross-sectional comparative study of 30 adults with OCD and 30 adults without psychiatric morbidity. The tools used were Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DY-BOCS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ 12), and Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT). RESULTS Event-based PM was significantly poor in the OCD group. In time-based PM, no significant difference was found between the groups. Three subgroups in OCD, predominantly obsessions, predominantly compulsions, and mixed types, did not differ significantly with respect to PM. CONCLUSION The result suggested a deficit of event-based PM in OCD, which can help understand the psychopathology of memory deficit in the clinical population and bridge the gap with respect to memory research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prasanta Kumar Roy
- Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Saha
- Dept. of Psychiatry, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Morand A, Segobin S, Lecouvey G, Gonneaud J, Eustache F, Rauchs G, Desgranges B. Alterations in resting-state functional connectivity associated to the age-related decline in time-based prospective memory. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:4374-4383. [PMID: 36130116 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) is defined as the ability to remember to perform intended actions at a specific time in the future. TBPM is impaired in aging, and this decline has been associated with white-matter alterations within the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus. In the present study, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging from 22 healthy young (26 ± 5.2 years) and 23 older (63 ± 6.1 years) participants to investigate how age-related alterations in resting-state functional connectivity are related to TBPM performance, and whether these alterations are associated with the white-matter disruptions we have previously observed with diffusion tensor imaging. Whole-brain analyses revealed lower resting-state functional connectivity in older participants compared with younger ones, which in turn correlated with TBPM performance. These correlations were mainly located in the salience network and the parietal part of the frontoparietal network. Our findings suggest that resting-state functional connectivity alterations contribute to the age-related decline in TBPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrine Morand
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, PSL Universite Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, 2 rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS 14032, France
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, Inserm, U1237, PHIND, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Shailendra Segobin
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, PSL Universite Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, 2 rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS 14032, France
| | - Grégory Lecouvey
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, PSL Universite Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, 2 rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS 14032, France
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, Inserm, U1237, PHIND, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Francis Eustache
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, PSL Universite Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, 2 rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS 14032, France
| | - Géraldine Rauchs
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, PSL Universite Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, 2 rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS 14032, France
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, Inserm, U1237, PHIND, Institut Blood and Brain @Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Bd Henri Becquerel, BP 5229, 14074 Caen Cedex 5, France
| | - Béatrice Desgranges
- Normandie Universite, UNICAEN, PSL Universite Paris, EPHE, Inserm, U1077, CHU de Caen, NIMH, GIP Cyceron, Pole des Formations et de Recherche en Sante, 2 rue des Rochambelles, F-14032 Caen Cedex CS 14032, France
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Tassoni MB, Drabick DAG, Giovannetti T. The frequency of self-reported memory failures is influenced by everyday context across the lifespan: implications for neuropsychology research and clinical practice. Clin Neuropsychol 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36000515 PMCID: PMC9950286 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of contextual factors on self-reports of cognitive abilities, this study investigated whether the frequency of self-reported memory failures was affected by level of daily busyness (Busyness) and daily routines (Routine) and whether age moderated these relations. The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported memory failures also was explored. Method: 902 community-dwelling participants (mean age= 56.98 years; sd= 18.96; range: 22-97 years) completed self-report questionnaires. Multiple linear regressions examined predictors of the frequency of retrospective (RM) and prospective memory (PM) failures and interactions with age. A pilot measure of the Influence of the Pandemic was added in secondary analyses. Results: Frequency of PM failures was significantly predicted by Age, Busyness, and Routine, such that people who were younger and those with busier and less routine activities reported more frequent PM failures. Frequency of RM failures was significantly predicted by Busyness, and the Age × Busyness and Age × Routine interactions. Busyness was associated with more frequent RM failures for people of all ages, but the effect was stronger for younger people. By contrast, more routine daily schedules were associated with fewer RM failures only for older people. PM/RM failures were predicted by the Influence of the Pandemic in exploratory analyses. Conclusions: Self-reports of cognitive abilities are influenced by contextual factors in adults of all ages. Contextual factors, including everyday task demands, daily routines, and acute stressors that disrupt daily activities, should be considered when interpreting self-reports of cognitive abilities in research and clinical practice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly B. Tassoni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia PA
| | | | - Tania Giovannetti
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia PA
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Fleming J, Ownsworth T, Doig E, Hogan C, Hamilton C, Swan S, Griffin J, Kendall M, Shum D. Efficacy of Prospective Memory Rehabilitation Plus Metacognitive Skills Training for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2022; 36:487-499. [PMID: 35880650 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221110886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM) failure can limit independence and productivity following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Compensatory strategy use may ameliorate the effect of PM impairment on daily life but requires sufficient self-awareness. Metacognitive skills training (MST) can facilitate self-awareness and strategy use and may improve the efficacy of PM rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of compensatory strategy training (COMP) with an MST component (COMP-MST) for reducing everyday PM failure and improving psychosocial integration in adults with moderate-severe TBI, compared to COMP alone and a control condition. Secondary aims were to evaluate the effect of training on psychometric PM test scores, strategy use, self-awareness, and level of care. METHODS Assessor and participant-blinded randomized controlled trial with 52 participants (77% male, mean age = 39.0. SD = 13.6) allocated to 3 groups: COMP-MST, COMP, and waitlist control. Interventions were delivered over 6 weekly sessions. Measures were collected pre- and post-intervention and 3-month follow-up. Data were analyzed using unstructured linear mixed-effects modeling for repeated measures and planned contrasts between time-points for each group. RESULTS The models showed no significant differences between the groups on primary or secondary outcome measures. Significant pre-post intervention improvements were found for significant other's ratings of everyday PM failure for both intervention groups but not the control group, with medium to large effect sizes. Clinically relevant improvements on primary outcomes were found for participants across all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found no significant benefits of combining MST with COMP for improving everyday PM and psychosocial integration. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry https://www.anzctr.org.au/ ACTRN12615000996561.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Fleming
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- School of Applied Psychology, and The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emmah Doig
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Surgical Treatment and Rehabilitation Service (STARS) Education and Resource Alliance, The University of Queensland and Metro North Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christy Hogan
- School of Applied Psychology, and The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Caitlin Hamilton
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah Swan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Janelle Griffin
- Occupational Therapy Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melissa Kendall
- Acquired Brain Injury Outreach Service, Metro South Health, Queensland, Australia and The Hopkins Centre, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Li W, Yu S, Duan X, Yao S, Tang L, Cheng H. COMT rs737865 mediates chemobrain in breast cancer patients with various levels of Ki-67. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3185-3197. [PMID: 35968333 PMCID: PMC9360226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings have indicated that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) may be a genetic risk factor for chemobrain. However, the mediation of chemobrain by COMT polymorphisms in breast cancer patients with various levels of Ki-67 remains unknown. The current research assessed the genetic risk across COMT genotypes for chemobrain in breast cancer patients with various levels of Ki-67. Breast cancer patients (65 with Ki-67<14%, 75 with Ki-67>14%) completed cognitive tests before and after adjuvant chemotherapy, and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of COMT (rs165599, rs4680, rs737865) were genotyped from peripheral blood. Lower cognitive test results in breast cancer patients were displayed in those before chemotherapy. Furthermore, the event-based prospective memory (EBPM) scores of patients in the Ki-67>14% group were worse than those in the patients in the Ki-67<14% group after chemotherapy (z=-7.51, P<0.01), but the time-based prospective memory (TBPM) scores of the two groups were not significantly different. The COMT rs737865 A/G genotype was associated with memory protection (codominant model: adjusted odds ratio (OR)=0.135, 95% CI=0.026-0.706, P=0.018), and A/G genotype carriers exhibited better performance on the EBPM test than the A/A genotype. Levels of Ki-67 were likely to be associated with EBPM decline in breast cancer patients. Taken together, COMT rs737865 polymorphisms are a potential genetic risk factor for chemobrain in breast cancer patients with various levels of Ki-67.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Duan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Senbang Yao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Lingxue Tang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huaidong Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230601, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
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38
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Vicentin S, Cona G, Arcara G, Bisiacchi P. EXPRESS: The Impact of Sensory Modality on Prospective Memory: Differences between Visual and Auditory Processing. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2022; 76:1086-1097. [PMID: 35570680 DOI: 10.1177/17470218221103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to perform an intended action when the appropriate conditions occur. Several features play a role in the successful retrieval of an intention: The activity we are concurrently engaged in, the number of intentions we are maintaining, where our attention is focused (outward vs. to inner states), and how outstanding the trigger of the intention is. Another factor that may play a crucial role is sensory modality: Do auditory and visual stimuli prompt PM processing in the same way? In this study, we explored for the first time the nature of PM for auditory stimuli and the presence of modality-dependent differences in PM processing. To do so, an identical paradigm composed of multiple PM tasks was administered in two versions, one with auditory stimuli and one with visual ones. Each PM task differed for features such as focality, saliency, and number of intentions (factors that are known in literature to modulate the monitoring and maintenance requests of PM) to explore the impact of sensory modality on a broad variety of classical PM tasks. In general, PM processing showed similar patterns between modalities, especially for low demanding prospective instructions. Conversely, substantial differences were found when the prospective load was increased and monitoring requests enhanced, as participants were significantly slower and less accurate with acoustic stimuli. These results represent the first evidence that modality-dependent effects arise in PM processing, especially in its interaction with features such as the difficulty of the task and the increased monitoring load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vicentin
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua 9308.,Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua (IT)
| | - Giorgia Cona
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua 9308.,Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua (IT)
| | | | - Patrizia Bisiacchi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua 9308.,Padova Neuroscience Center, Padua (IT)
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Huber BN, Fulton EK, Gray D. Meta- prospective memory accuracy in young adults with and without depressive symptoms. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35531892 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2022.2068372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember an intention in the future. Individuals with depression are candidates for PM failures, resulting in detrimental consequences, such as forgetting to take a medication or implement therapeutic techniques; inaccurate assessments of one's PM abilities can exacerbate these issues. The current study examined if appraisals about one's prospective memory (meta-PM) performance differs between healthy and depressed adults. Data were gathered from 137 adults and included self-reported depression, PM beliefs, objective PM, and assessment of executive functions (EFs). Participants were separated into depressed/healthy categories based on a self-report measure. There was a non-significant correlation between self-reported PM and objective PM for both depressed (r = .06, p = .61) and healthy (r = .08, p = .52) groups, suggesting both groups had inaccurate meta-PM. There were non-significant differences in meta-PM between these groups (Fisher's Z = -0.09, p = .93), but exploratory gender analyses revealed women's meta-PM was significantly less accurate than men's. Women had higher reports of depression and PM complaints compared to men. This study lends evidence that depression is not necessarily related to worse meta-PM accuracy, despite depression's association with memory complaints, and that women are at greater risk for inaccurate meta-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becca N Huber
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Erika K Fulton
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Daniel Gray
- Department of Psychology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
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40
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review systematically synthesizes existing evidence of prospective memory training for healthy older adults (> 55 years). Existing prospective memory training include strategy-based, process-based and combined regimens. Strategy-based training focuses on different mnemonics to compensate for aging declines in prospective memory. Process-based training aims to restore related cognitive processes to support prospective memory. Combined training utilizes both strategy-based and process-based regimens to enhance prospective memory performance. METHODS A total of 349 studies were identified from the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PsycINFO and PubMed databases. RESULTS Using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 studies were included in the review. There were six studies of strategy-based training, two studies of process-based training and three studies of combined training. CONCLUSIONS Overall, strategy-based training appears to facilitate prospective memory for healthy older adults. However, it is impossible to draw conclusions for process-based and combined training due to the preliminary nature of current evidence. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Mental imagery or the use of external aids can be useful strategy-based approaches to facilitate prospective memory in older adults. Strategy-based training should target multiple prospective memory phases simultaneously to encourage transfers. Further studies will be required to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of process-based and combined training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pak Lik Tsang
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alma Au
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Herman Hay Ming Lo
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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41
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Sun J, Zhang K, Su X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, He L, Hu L. The Chinese version of the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST): development and evaluation of its reliability and concurrent validity. Clin Neuropsychol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35266859 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2047791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a simplified Chinese version of the "Memory for Intentions Test" (MIST), evaluate its reliability and concurrent validity, explore the inter-relationships among the MIST variables and the relationships between the MIST variables and socio-demographic factors. Two hundred healthy, Chinese-speaking adults of the Han community participated in this study. Form A of the Chinese MIST and two prospective items of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, Second Edition (RBMT-II, Chinese version) were administered to all participants to evaluate internal consistency, split-half reliability, and concurrent validity. Twenty of these participants were assessed twice on Form A with a two-week interval to examine test-retest reliability. They were also assessed on both Form A and Form B to examine alternate-form reliability. The findings of the study indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .833) and excellent split-half reliability (r = .924-.930) among the six subscales of the Chinese MIST, although the internal consistency was low (Cronbach's α = .129) for individual PM trials. We also found adequate concurrent validity (ρ = .722, p< .001), test-retest reliability (ρ = .716, p < .001), and alternate-form reliability (ρ= .828, p < .001). The Chinese MIST demonstrated suitable reliability and concurrent validity in the Chinese-speaking population. The present study provides a new standardized prospective memory test for the Chinese population, which would enhance future clinical research in this field on the Chinese mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianbiao Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunlei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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42
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Mogle J, Turner JR, Rabin LA, Sliwinski MJ, Zhaoyang R, Hill NL. Measuring Memory Lapses and Their Impact on Daily Life: Results From Two Daily Diary Studies. Assessment 2022:10731911221077962. [PMID: 35189724 DOI: 10.1177/10731911221077962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Memory lapses (e.g., forgetting a medication) are common for most people, yet past methods of assessment relied upon retrospective reports from long recall windows. Recently, researchers have incorporated daily diary methods to capture memory lapse frequency closer to the experience in real-world environments. This study describes the utility of the Daily Memory Lapses Checklist using data from two 14-day diary studies (Combined Sample = 467; 66% women). Frequency and impact (i.e., irritation and interference) of prospective and retrospective memory lapses were assessed at both individual- and daily levels. Across studies, memory lapses occurred on more than one-third of assessment days. Retrospective lapses were reported more frequently than prospective; however, both lapses had a similar impact. The Daily Memory Lapses Checklist represents a flexible measure that separates the occurrence of a memory lapse from its impact on daily life: metrics that will enhance our understanding of daily experiences of cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nikki L Hill
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Rice M, Davalos D, Thomas ML. A Systematic Review of Prospective Memory Interventions Across Stages of Dementia-Related Disorders. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1001-1024. [PMID: 35147541 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a critical need to develop effective interventions for cognitive impairments associated with dementia-related disorders (i.e., Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, mild cognitive impairment). Prospective memory (PM), or the ability to create and carry out future intentions, is one cognitive domain that is impaired in individuals with dementia-related disorders. Effective treatment of PM could significantly improve daily functioning, level of independence, and quality of life. OBJECTIVE To date, there have been a number of studies investigating potential interventions, but these interventions have not been comprehensively reviewed and compared across the stages of dementia-related disorders, as is the aim of the current review. METHODS This review examined 21 studies on the success of intervention strategies for prospective memory in patients with dementia-related disorders. RESULTS All the studies demonstrated positive effects of intervention on PM abilities, but there are questions concerning ecological validity, length of positive effects on PM, and a lack of diversity of interventions across the different stages of dementia-related disorders. CONCLUSION Future research should address these issues by incorporating daily functioning activities and caregiver support into the intervention process, as well as investigating these interventions at more severe stages of dementia-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Rice
- Colorado State University, Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Deana Davalos
- Colorado State University, Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Michael L Thomas
- Colorado State University, Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Hsu YH, Huang SM, Lin SY, Yang JJ, Tu MC, Kuo LW. Prospective Memory and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Normal and Pathological Aging. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:753-762. [PMID: 35124645 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM), the ability to execute a previously formed intention given the proper circumstance, has been proven to be vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of the frontoparietal networks; however, it is proposed that PM may also be associated with other neural substrates that support stimulus-dependent spontaneous cognition. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease is related to altered functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN). METHODS Thirty-four patients with very mild or mild dementia (17 with Alzheimer's disease and 17 with subcortical ischemic vascular disease) and 22 cognitively-normal participants aged above 60 received a computerized PM task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed at group level within the DMN. RESULTS We found that the dementia groups showed worse PM performance and altered FC within the DMN as compared to the normal aging individuals. The FC between the medial prefrontal cortices and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly correlated with PM in normal aging, while the FC between the right precuneus and bilateral inferior parietal lobules was correlated with PM in patients with Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION These findings support a potential role for the DMN in PM, and corroborate that PM deficit in Alzheimer's disease was associated with altered FC within the posterior hubs of the DMN, with spatial patterning different from normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi County, Taiwan.,Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Min Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yeh Lin
- Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jir-Jei Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chien Tu
- Department of Neurology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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45
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Smits S, Oudman E, Altgassen M, Postma A. Smartwatch reminders are as effective as verbal reminders in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome: three case studies. Neurocase 2022; 28:48-62. [PMID: 35225145 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2021.2024237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is a neurocognitive disorder caused by severe malnutrition. KS patients typically show severe impairments in prospective memory (PM), thus, have difficulties with remembering to perform delayed intentions. The current study investigated the possible benefits of a smartwatch aid for PM tasks in patients with KS and compared its efficacy with verbal in-person reminders. Three patients participated in the present study and were asked to complete everyday PM tasks. The results of each patient were analyzed as a single-case study. The results highlight the great potential of using smartwatches as external memory aids in KS patients in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterre Smits
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Oudman
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mareike Altgassen
- Department of Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Albert Postma
- Utrecht University, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Lelie Care Group, Slingedael Korsakoff Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Graa M, Ergis AM. Prospective memory, emotions and Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil 2022:pnv.2022.1006. [PMID: 35094975 DOI: 10.1684/pnv.2022.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to implement intended actions in the future. PM is particularly affected in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The main objective of this study was to examine the links between PM and emotions in AD, since it has been shown that AD patients generally better memorise information with a positive emotional valence ("age-related positive effect"). Our hypothesis was that prior presentation of cue-action pairs would help subjects recall the prospective tasks to be performed, if these actions were associated with emotional valences. Twenty patients with mild AD and 20 healthy participants were included in this study. The experimental protocol consisted of viewing a video simulating a visit to a shopping centre. After receiving a shopping list, participants had to recall these actions after a given time (time-based) or when passing in front of particular stores (event-based). During the learning phase, actions were associated with positive, negative or neutral cues. We also manipulated the task difficulty by giving weak or strong cue-action links, and by introducing distractors. The results showed that the patients' performance was significantly lower than that of the healthy elderly participants both in event-based and time-based task conditions. However, patients obtained scores similar to those obtained by elderly healthy subjects in "event-based" tasks associated with a positive valence, although only when the link between the cues and the actions was strong. Associating positive stimuli with strongly linked cue-action pairs seems to allow AD patients to compensate for their difficulties in prospective memory. These results open avenues for future research into the rehabilitation of PM disorders in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Graa
- Université de Paris, Maladie d'Alzheimer, F-75013 Paris, France, Service de Consultation, Hôpital Sainte-Périne, Paris, France
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Chen Y, Zhang M, Xin C, Guo Y, Lin Q, Ma Z, Hu J, Huang W, Liao Q. Effect of Encoding on Prospective Memory. Front Psychol 2022; 12:701281. [PMID: 35140643 PMCID: PMC8818949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.701281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-based prospective memory (ProM) refers to remembering to execute planned actions in response to a target ProM cues. Encoding modality influences ProM performance; visual encoding has been studied more than auditory encoding. Further, it has not yet been examined whether different encoding may influence ProM performance in different encoding modalities. This study examines the effects of encoding modality (visual vs. auditory), cue-encoding specificity (specific cue vs. non-specific cue), and encoding modes (standard vs. implementation intention) on event-based ProM tasks. In Experiment 1, cue specificity and encoding modality were manipulated as a within-groups encoding of visual cues is more commonly and between-groups variable. Results revealed the facilitative effect of cue specificity on ProM performance. Also, with respect to encoding modality, participants showed better performance when receiving auditory instructions compared with the visual encoding condition. In Experiment 2, as in Experiment 1, cue specificity and encoding modality were manipulated. Encoding mode was added as a new between-group variable. Result revealed that there was a significant interaction between encoding modality and encoding modes. Visual implementation intention encoding was a more effective method for improving ProM performance compared with visual standard encoding. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between cue-encoding specificity and encoding modes. Implementation intention encoding enhances ProM performance in non-specific cue-encoding conditions. Overall, the present study found that (1) auditory encoding modality showed superior ProM performance compared with visual encoding, although implementation intention had facilitative on ProM performance regardless of the encoding modalities, and (2) there was better ProM performance under specific encoding compared with non-specific encoding, and implementation intention had a facilitative effect on ProM performance in the non-specific condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhen Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cong Xin
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Guo
- Department of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qin Lin
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhujun Ma
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiting Huang
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianfang Liao
- Department of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Epstein LH, Jimenez-Knight T, Honan AM, Paluch RA, Bickel WK. Imagine to Remember: An Episodic Future Thinking Intervention to Improve Medication Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:95-104. [PMID: 35046645 PMCID: PMC8763258 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s342118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Medication nonadherence is prevalent in diabetic populations, with "forgetting" a commonly cited reason. This issue of forgetfulness is due, in part, to a failure of prospective memory (PM). Episodic future thinking (EFT) has been shown to improve PM but has not been used to improve medication adherence. PATIENTS AND METHODS The current study used a multiple baseline design (N = 4) to test the effects of EFT on medication non-adherence for four patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes or prediabetes, with comorbid high blood pressure or high cholesterol. Medication adherence was objectively measured over 15 weeks using medication event monitoring systems. RESULTS Results of visual analysis showed medication adherence was reliably improved, confirmed by mixed model analysis of variance (p < 0.001), with significant differences from baseline to treatment (Tau <0.05) for 3 of 4 participants. Improvements in two measures of PM (effect size (ES) = 0.73, 0.80) and delay discounting (ES = 1.20) were observed. CONCLUSION This study provides a feasible way to improve medication adherence in patients with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard H Epstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Correspondence: Leonard H Epstein Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, G56, Farber Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USATel +1 716-829-3400 Email
| | - Tatiana Jimenez-Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Anna M Honan
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rocco A Paluch
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Warren K Bickel
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Fralin Biomedical Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
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Wereszczyński M, Niedźwieńska A. Dementia-Free Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Impairment Show Lower Mood and No Deficits of Spontaneous Memory Retrieval. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2021; 95:372-394. [PMID: 34918550 DOI: 10.1177/00914150211066561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether spontaneous retrieval deficits could be found in individuals with Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI). The sample consisted of 52 participants over 65 years of age (mean age = 76.00; SD = 7.48) with 11 males. We asked 26 individuals with SCI and 26 individuals without SCI to perform a prospective memory (PM) task that had previously demonstrated spontaneous retrieval deficits in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment. The results did not demonstrate the expected differences in a PM task based on spontaneous retrieval [t(50) = -.05; p = .964, d = .01]. However, participants' mood did predict their subjective memory complaints (β = -.51; p < .001) and their subjective assessment of their future memory performance (r = -.38; p < .01). The findings are in line with numerous studies which have shown that SCI is more related to mood disturbance than to objective cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wereszczyński
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, 37799Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Niedźwieńska
- Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, 37799Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
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Adams T, Edy JA. How the past becomes the past: The temporal positioning of collective memory. Br J Sociol 2021; 72:1415-1429. [PMID: 34350979 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing that the past does not necessarily pass of its own accord but rather is made to pass is crucial for understanding relationships between collective memory, temporality and the past. Analyzing processes of temporal negotiation reveals that changing the ending (or, in some cases creating one at all) requires re-envisioning the entire sequence of events. Thus, the ending (if there is one) depends on the beginning. British prime ministers' references to 9/11 in public addresses demonstrate this process of temporal negotiation about whether and how to create an ending. Tony Blair constructed the attacks as a legacy, thus sustaining the past as part of the present. To unwind this construction and consign 9/11 to the past, Gordon Brown and David Cameron needed to disrupt the flow of contingent incidents in which Blair had embedded 9/11. By redefining the narrative's beginning, they made it possible to bring 9/11 to an end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Adams
- Sociology and Anthropology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jill A Edy
- Department of Communication, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
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