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Lefebvre F, Giannini M, Ellezam B, Leclair V, Troyanov Y, Hoa S, Bourré-Tessier J, Satoh M, Fritzler MJ, Senécal JL, Hudson M, Meyer A, Landon-Cardinal O. Histopathological features of systemic sclerosis-associated myopathy: A scoping review. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102851. [PMID: 33971337 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleromyositis (SM) is an emerging subset of myositis associated with features of systemic sclerosis (SSc) but it is currently not recognized as a distinct histopathological subset by the European NeuroMuscular Center (ENMC). Our aim was to review studies reporting muscle biopsies from SSc patients with myositis and to identify unique histopathological features of SM. METHODS A scoping review was conducted and included all studies reporting histopathological findings in SSc patients with myositis searching the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and EBM-Reviews. Clinical, serological, and histopathological data were extracted using a standardized protocol. RESULTS Out of 371 citations, 77 studies that included 559 muscle biopsies were extracted. Fifty-seven percent (n = 227/400) had inflammatory infiltrates, predominantly T cells, which were endomysial (49%), perimysial (42%) and perivascular (41%). Few studies (18%, n = 8/44) evaluated the presence of B-cells. Myofiber atrophy was present in 48% (n = 104/218) of biopsies, and was predominantly perifascicular in 19% (n = 6/31), with necrosis reported in 56% (n = 162/290) of cases. Sarcolemmal MHC-I upregulation was found in 72% (n = 64/89) of biopsies. Non-specified C5b-9 deposition was described in 39% of muscle biopsies (n = 28/72). Neurogenic features were present in 23% (n = 44/191); endomysial fibrosis was reported in 35% (n = 120/340); and rimmed vacuoles were observed in 32% (n = 11/34) of biopsies. Capillaropathy, such as capillary dropout and/or ultrastructural endothelial abnormalities, was reported in 33% (n = 43/129) of cases. Reported ENMC categories were mainly polymyositis (21%), non-specific myositis (19%), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (16%), and dermatomyositis (8%). Histopathological features were analyzed according to serological subtypes in 28 studies, including anti-PM-Scl (n = 48), -Ku (n = 23) and -U1RNP (n = 90). Most of these biopsies demonstrated inflammatory infiltrates (range 49-85%) as well as MHC-I expression (range 63-81%). Necrosis was associated with anti-Ku (85%) and anti-U1RNP (73%), while anti-Ku was also associated with neurogenic features and rimmed vacuoles in 57% and 25% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION Our review suggests that SM is characterized by heterogeneous pathological features using definitions included in current histopathological criteria. Whether a distinct histopathological signature exists in SM remains to be determined. SSc-specific and SSc-associated autoantibodies may help define more homogeneous histopathological subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Lefebvre
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Margherita Giannini
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles Musculaire, Service de Rhumatologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Division of Pathology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie Leclair
- Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Troyanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Hoa
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Josiane Bourré-Tessier
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Senécal
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Division of Rheumatology, Jewish General Hospital, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Meyer
- Service de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles Musculaire, Service de Rhumatologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes Rares, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Océane Landon-Cardinal
- Division of Rheumatology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), CHUM Research Center, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Overlap connective tissue disease syndromes. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:363-73. [PMID: 22743033 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Overlap Syndromes (OSs) have been defined as entities satisfying classification criteria of at least two connective tissue diseases (CTDs) occurring at the same or at different times in the same patient. CTDs include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PDM), and Sjögren syndrome (SS). Every combination between these disorders has been reported. In some OS a specific autoantibody has been indentified, supporting the hypothesis that these syndromes are not a mere association of two or more CTD in the same patient, but a well defined clinical entity with specific clinical characteristics. As an example, anti-t-RNA synthetase syndrome is characterized by the presence of anti-t-RNA synthetase antibodies. Notably, clinical manifestations observed in OS may be different from those observed in the single CTD. The treatment of OS is mainly based on the use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Biologic drugs, i.e. anti-TNFα or anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, have been recently introduced as alternative treatments in refractory cases. Moreover, there are some concerns with the use of anti-TNF agents in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases due to the risk of triggering disease exacerbations. In this paper the most frequent OS are described with a special focus on the specific immunologic and clinical aspects. Furthermore, some personal data on anti-t-RNA synthetase syndrome and rhupus syndrome are reported.
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