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Mahmoudinezhad G, Meller L, Moghimi S. Impact of smoking on glaucoma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2024; 35:124-130. [PMID: 38018801 PMCID: PMC10922564 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Assessing whether lifestyle related factors play a role in causing primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is of great value to clinicians, public health experts and policy makers. Smoking is a major global public health concern and contributes to ocular diseases such as cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration through ischemic and oxidative mechanisms. Recently, smoking has been investigated as a modifiable risk factor for glaucoma. In the presence of an association with glaucoma, provision of advice and information regarding smoking to patients may help reduce the burden of disease caused by POAG. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the effect of smoking in the pathogenesis of glaucoma and its incidence, progression as well as the benefits of smoking cessation. RECENT FINDINGS While the association between glaucoma development and smoking history is controversial, in the last decade, several recent studies have helped to identify possible effects of smoking, especially heavy smoking, in regard to glaucomatous progression. Smoking cessation may possibly be protective against glaucoma progression. SUMMARY Smoking may play a role in glaucoma progression and long-term smoking cessation may be associated with lower glaucoma progression. The dose-response relationship between smoking and glaucoma as well as therapeutic potential of smoking cessation needs to be further validated with both preclinical and rigorous clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoush Mahmoudinezhad
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Leo Meller
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Sasan Moghimi
- Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Mugayar AA, da Silva Guimarães G, de Oliveira PHT, Miranda RL, Dos Santos AA. Apoptosis in the neuroprotective effect of α7 nicotinic receptor in neurodegenerative models. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1795-1802. [PMID: 37615647 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The α7 subtype of nicotinic receptors (α7 nAChRs) is one of the most abundant nicotinic receptor subtypes in the central nervous system (CNS) and both neurons and nonneuronal cells express α7 nAChRs. When activated, α7 nAChRs become permeable to cations and promote cellular responses such as anti-apoptotic signaling by modulating the caspases and proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Neuroprotection is an important function of these receptors, promoting neuronal survival under pathological conditions, including situations of stress and neuronal degeneration. Studies have demonstrated the relationship between the activation of these receptors and the reduction of neuronal or glial cell injury, by controlling apoptotic processes in different models, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, one of the most important signaling pathways activated by α7 nAChRs is the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade, which promotes the stimulation of anti-apoptotic molecules of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and reduces the expression of caspases and proapoptotic molecules, resulting in cell survival. In Alzheimer's models, the literature shows that α7 nAChR activation attenuates Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through modulation of different intrinsic apoptotic pathways via PI3K/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In this review, we provide an up-to-date summary of the current evidence on the relationship between the activation of α7 nAChRs, a subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and its role in neuroprotection by modulating apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Amorim Mugayar
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Interações Neuroquímicas, Instituto Biomédico, Bloco E, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Giovanna da Silva Guimarães
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Interações Neuroquímicas, Instituto Biomédico, Bloco E, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Tavares de Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Interações Neuroquímicas, Instituto Biomédico, Bloco E, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Renan Lyra Miranda
- Laboratório de Neuropatologia e Genética Molecular, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Laboratório de Interações Neuroquímicas, Instituto Biomédico, Bloco E, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
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Álvarez-Hernán G, de Mera-Rodríguez JA, Calle-Guisado V, Martín-Partido G, Rodríguez-León J, Francisco-Morcillo J. Retinal Development in a Precocial Bird Species, the Quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus 1758). Cells 2023; 12:cells12070989. [PMID: 37048062 PMCID: PMC10093483 DOI: 10.3390/cells12070989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The quail (Coturnix coturnix, Linnaeus 1758), a notable model used in developmental biology, is a precocial bird species in which the processes of retinal cell differentiation and retinal histogenesis have been poorly studied. The purpose of the present research is to examine the retinogenesis in this bird species immunohistochemically and compare the results with those from previous studies in precocial and altricial birds. We found that the first PCNA-negative nuclei are detected at Stage (St) 21 in the vitreal region of the neuroblastic layer, coinciding topographically with the first αTubAc-/Tuj1-/Isl1-immunoreactive differentiating ganglion cells. At St28, the first Prox1-immunoreactive nuclei can be distinguished in the vitreal side of the neuroblastic layer (NbL), but also the first visinin-immunoreactive photoreceptors in the scleral surface. The inner plexiform layer (IPL) emerges at St32, and the outer plexiform layer (OPL) becomes visible at St35—the stage in which the first GS-immunoreactive Müller cells are distinguishable. Newly hatched animals show a well-developed stratified retina in which the PCNA-and pHisH3-immunoreactivies are absent. Therefore, retinal cell differentiation in the quail progresses in the stereotyped order conserved among vertebrates, in which ganglion cells initially appear and are followed by amacrine cells, horizontal cells, and photoreceptors. Müller glia are one of the last cell types to be born. Plexiform layers emerge following a vitreal-to-scleral gradient. Finally, our results suggest that there are no significant differences in the timing of different events involved in retinal maturation between the quail and the chicken, but the same events are delayed in an altricial bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Álvarez-Hernán
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José Antonio de Mera-Rodríguez
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Violeta Calle-Guisado
- Área de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Gervasio Martín-Partido
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-León
- Área de Anatomía y Embriología Humana, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Javier Francisco-Morcillo
- Área de Biología Celular, Departamento de Anatomía, Biología Celular y Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Spitsbergen JB, Webster SE, Linn CL. Functional Changes in the Adult Mouse Retina using an Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist after Blast Exposure. Neuroscience 2023; 512:1-15. [PMID: 36572172 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of treatments for retinal neurotrauma. To address this issue, this study uses an alpha7 nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, to determine it effects on functional activity in the retina shortly after a traumatic blast exposure. The objectives of this research include: (1) examination of the cellular and functional damage associated with ocular blast exposure, and (2) evaluation of structural and functional changes that occur post PNU-282987 treatment. Significant ocular blast damage was induced in adult mice after exposure to a single blast of 35 psi to the left eye. Blast-exposed transgenic mice expressing tdTomato Müller glia were treated daily with eyedrops containing PNU-282987 for 4 weeks following the blast exposure. Antibody staining studies in these transgenic mice was conducted to examine lineage tracing and electroretinograms (ERGs) were obtained to examine functional changes. Blast exposure caused a significant loss of cells in all retinal layers after 4 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated tdTomato-positive labeled photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells in blast-exposed mice treated with PNU-282987. ERG recordings were taken from control animals, from blast-damaged animals and from animals exposed to blast followed by 4 weeks of PNU-282987 treatment. Scotopic ERG recordings from blast-exposed mice had significantly decreased amplitudes of a-wave, b-wave, oscillatory potentials and flicker frequencies, which were prevented after PNU-282987 treatment. In photopic experiments, the PhNR response was reduced significantly after blast exposure but the decrease was prevented after treatment with PNU-282987. These are the first experiments that demonstrate preservation of retinal function after blast exposure using an alpha7 nAChR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake B Spitsbergen
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Sarah E Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Cindy L Linn
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
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Webster SE, Sklar NC, Spitsbergen JB, Stanchfield ML, Webster MK, Linn DM, Otteson DC, Linn CL. Stimulation of α7 nAChR leads to regeneration of damaged neurons in adult mammalian retinal disease models. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108717. [PMID: 34348130 PMCID: PMC8459670 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammal lacks the ability to regenerate neurons lost to retinal damage or disease in a meaningful capacity. However, previous studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that PNU-282987, an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, elicits a robust neurogenic response in the adult murine retina. With eye drop application of PNU-282987, Müller glia cells re-enter the cell cycle and produce progenitor-like cells that can differentiate into various types of retinal neurons. In this study, we analyzed the regenerative capability of PNU-282987 in two retinal disease models and identified the source of newly regenerated neurons. Wild-type mice and mice with a transgenic Müller-glia lineage tracer were manipulated to mimic loss of retinal cells associated with glaucoma or photoreceptor degeneration. Following treatment with PNU-282987, the regenerative response of retinal neurons was quantified and characterized. After onset of photoreceptor degeneration, PNU-282987 was able to successfully regenerate both rod and cone photoreceptors. Quantification of this response demonstrated significant regeneration, restoring photoreceptors to near wild-type density. In mice that had glaucoma-like conditions induced, PNU-282987 treatment led to a significant increase in retinal ganglion cells. Retrograde labeling of optic nerve axon fibers demonstrated that newly regenerated axons projected into the optic nerve. Lineage tracing analysis demonstrated that these new neurons were derived from Müller glia. These results demonstrate that PNU-282987 can induce retinal regeneration in adult mice following onset of retinal damage. The ability of PNU-282987 to regenerate retinal neurons in a robust manner offers a new direction for developing novel and potentially transformative treatments to combat neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Nathan C Sklar
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Jake B Spitsbergen
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Megan L Stanchfield
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Mark K Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - David M Linn
- Grand Valley State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Allendale, MI, United States
| | - Deborah C Otteson
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Cindy L Linn
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, MI, United States.
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Paris JR, Sklar NC, Linn CL. BrdU Positive Cells Induced in a Genetic Mouse Model of Glaucoma. JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCES 2021; 6:1046. [PMID: 33829147 PMCID: PMC8023645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that eye drop application of the selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, PNU-282987, induces neurogenesis of RGCs in adult wild-type rodents. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that PNU-282987 reverses the loss of RGCs associated with glaucoma. A DBA/2J mouse model that auto-induces a glaucoma-like condition in adulthood was used for these studies. Short-term effects using PNU-282987 and BrdU eye drop treatments were examined, as well as the effects of early treatment and the effects in a chronic early treatment group in DBA/2J mice aged 3, 6 and 10 months. With and without treatment, retinas were removed, fixed, immunostained and RGC counts were assessed. IOP measurements were obtained weekly using a Tonolab tonometer. Results showed an average typical loss of BrdU positive RGCs by 29% by 10 months of age in this DBA/2J colony corresponding with a significant increase in IOP. However, the two-week short term application of PNU-282987 and BrdU induced a significant 21% increase in RGCs for DBA/2J mice at all ages. Chronic early PNU-282987 treatment produced a similarly significant increase in RGCs, while acute early treatment had no effect on RGC numbers. IOP measurements were not affected with PNU-282987 treatment. These studies demonstrated that 2-week treatment with PNU-282987, as well as chronic long-term treatment, induced a significant increase in the number of RGCs in the DBA/2J retina, counteracting the effects of the DBA/2J genetic glaucoma-like condition. These results suggest a potential future treatment of degenerative retinal diseases with PNU-282987.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Paris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI, 49008, United States
| | - N C Sklar
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - C L Linn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI, 49008, United States
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Stanchfield ML, Webster SE, Webster MK, Linn CL. Involvement of HB-EGF/Ascl1/Lin28a Genes in Dedifferentiation of Adult Mammalian Müller Glia. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:200. [PMID: 32923455 PMCID: PMC7457012 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from this lab have determined that dedifferentiation of Müller glia occurs after eye drop application of an α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, PNU-282987, to the adult rodent eye. PNU-282987 acts on α7 nAChRs on retinal pigment epithelial cells to stimulate production of Müller-derived progenitor cells (MDPCs) and ultimately lead to neurogenesis. This current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the activation of genes involved in the HB-EGF/Ascl1/Lin28a signaling pathway in Müller glia leads to the genesis of MDPCs. RNA-seq was performed on a Müller glial cell line (rMC-1) following contact with supernatant collected from a retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line treated with PNU-282987. Differentially regulated genes were compared with published literature of Müller glia dedifferentiation that occurs in lower vertebrate regeneration and early mammalian development. HB-EGF was significantly up-regulated by 8 h and expression increased through 12 h. By 48 h, up-regulation of Ascl1 and Lin28a was observed, two genes known to be rapidly induced in dedifferentiating zebrafish Müller glia. Up-regulation of other genes known to be involved in mammalian development and zebrafish regeneration were also observed, as well as down-regulation of some factors necessary for Müller glia cell identity. RNA-seq results were verified using qRT-PCR. Using immunocytochemistry, the presence of markers associated with MDCP identity, Otx2, Nestin, and Vsx2, were found to be expressed in the 48 h treatment group cultures. This study is novel in its demonstration that Müller glia in adult rodents can be induced into regenerative activity by stimulating genes involved in the HB-EGF/Ascl1/Lin28a pathway that leads to MDPCs after introducing conditioned media from PNU-282987 treated RPE. This study furthers our understanding of the mechanism by which Müller glia dedifferentiate in response to PNU-282987 in the adult mammalian retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Stanchfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Sarah E Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Mark K Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Cindy L Linn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
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Nahomi RB, Nam MH, Rankenberg J, Rakete S, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Stankowska DL, Pantcheva MB, MacLean PS, Nagaraj RH. Kynurenic Acid Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051795. [PMID: 32151061 PMCID: PMC7084183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and involves the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which leads to blindness in patients. We investigated the role of the neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) in RGC death against retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: We injected KYNA intravenously or intravitreally to mice. We generated a knockout mouse strain of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that produces neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine. To test the effect of mild hyperglycemia on RGC protection, we used streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. Retinal I/R injury was induced by increasing intraocular pressure for 60 min followed by reperfusion and RGC numbers were counted in the retinal flat mounts. Results: Intravenous or intravitreal administration of KYNA protected RGCs against I/R injury. The I/R injury caused a greater loss of RGCs in wild type than in KMO knockout mice. KMO knockout mice had mildly higher levels of fasting blood glucose than wild type mice. Diabetic mice showed significantly lower loss of RGCs when compared with non-diabetic mice subjected to I/R injury. Conclusion: Together, our study suggests that the absence of KMO protects RGCs against I/R injury, through mechanisms that likely involve higher levels of KYNA and glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooban B. Nahomi
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
- Correspondence: (R.B.N.); (R.H.N.); Tel.: +1-303-724-8824 (R.H.N.)
| | - Mi-Hyun Nam
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Johanna Rankenberg
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Stefan Rakete
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Julie A. Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.H.); (G.C.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Ginger C. Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.H.); (G.C.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Dorota L. Stankowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Mina B. Pantcheva
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Paul S. MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (J.A.H.); (G.C.J.); (P.S.M.)
| | - Ram H. Nagaraj
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (M.-H.N.); (J.R.); (S.R.); (M.B.P.)
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: (R.B.N.); (R.H.N.); Tel.: +1-303-724-8824 (R.H.N.)
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Rojas-Rodríguez F, Morantes C, Pinzón A, Barreto GE, Cabezas R, Mariño-Ramírez L, González J. Machine Learning Neuroprotective Strategy Reveals a Unique Set of Parkinson Therapeutic Nicotine Analogs. THE OPEN BIOINFORMATICS JOURNAL 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 33927788 PMCID: PMC8081347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Present a novel machine learning computational strategy to predict the neuroprotection potential of nicotine analogs acting over the behavior of unpaired signaling pathways in Parkinson's disease. BACKGROUND Dopaminergic replacement has been used for Parkinson's Disease (PD) treatment with positive effects on motor symptomatology but low progression and prevention effects. Epidemiological studies have shown that nicotine consumption decreases PD prevalence through neuroprotective mechanisms activation associated with the overstimulation of signaling pathways (SP) such as PI3K/AKT through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (e.g α7 nAChRs) and over-expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as Bcl-2. Nicotine analogs with similar neuroprotective activity but decreased secondary effects remain as a promissory field. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop an interdisciplinary computational strategy predicting the neuroprotective activity of a series of 8 novel nicotine analogs over Parkinson's disease. METHODS We present a computational strategy integrating structural bioinformatics, SP manual reconstruction, and deep learning to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of 8 novel nicotine analogs over the behavior of PI3K/AKT. We performed a protein-ligand analysis between nicotine analogs and α7 nAChRs receptor using geometrical conformers, physicochemical characterization of the analogs and developed manually curated neuroprotective datasets to analyze their potential activity. Additionally, we developed a predictive machine-learning model for neuroprotection in PD through the integration of Markov Chain Monte-Carlo transition matrix for the 2 SP with synthetic training datasets of the physicochemical properties and structural dataset. RESULTS Our model was able to predict the potential neuroprotective activity of seven new nicotine analogs based on the binomial Bcl-2 response regulated by the activation of PI3K/AKT. CONCLUSION Hereby, we present a robust novel strategy to assess the neuroprotective potential of biomolecules based on SP architecture. Our theoretical strategy can be further applied to the study of new treatments related to SP deregulation and may ultimately offer new opportunities for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rojas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia,Address correspondence to the author at the Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia;
| | - Carlos Morantes
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Republic of Colombia
| | - Andrés Pinzón
- Instituto de Genética, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Republic of Colombia
| | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Janneth González
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Bogotá D.C, Republic of Colombia
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Webster MK, Barnett BJ, Stanchfield ML, Paris JR, Webster SE, Cooley-Themm CA, Levine EM, Otteson DC, Linn CL. Stimulation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium With an α7 nAChR Agonist Leads to Müller Glia Dependent Neurogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:570-579. [PMID: 30721274 PMCID: PMC6363405 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The adult mammalian retina is typically incapable of regeneration when damaged by disease or trauma. Restoration of function would require generation of new adult neurons, something that until recently, mammals were thought to be incapable of doing. However, previous studies from this laboratory have shown that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) agonist, PNU-282987, induces cell cycle reentry of Müller glia and generation of mature retinal neurons in adult rats, in the absence of detectible injury. This study analyzes how PNU-282987 treatment in RPE leads to robust BrdU incorporation in Müller glia in adult mice and leads to generation of Müller-derived retinal progenitors and neuronal differentiation. Methods Retinal BrdU incorporation was examined after eye drop application of PNU-282987 in adult wild-type and transgenic mice that contain tamoxifen-inducible tdTomato Müller glia, or after intraocular injection of conditioned medium from PNU-282987–treated cultured RPE cells. Results PNU-282987 induced robust incorporation of BrdU in all layers of the adult mouse retina. The α7 nAChR agonist was found to stimulate cell cycle reentry of Müller glia and their generation of new retinal progenitors indirectly, via the RPE, in an α7 nAChR-dependent fashion. Conclusions The results from this study point to RPE as a contributor to Müller glial neurogenic responses. The manipulation of the RPE to stimulate retinal neurogenesis offers a new direction for developing novel and potentially transformative treatments to reverse the loss of neurons associated with neurodegenerative disease, traumatic injury, or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Betty J Barnett
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Megan L Stanchfield
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Joshua R Paris
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Sarah E Webster
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Cynthia A Cooley-Themm
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
| | - Edward M Levine
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Deborah C Otteson
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Department of Physiological Optics and Vision Science, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Cindy L Linn
- Western Michigan University, Department of Biological Sciences, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
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11
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Neuroprotective effect of the ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaris on transient forebrain ischemia in mice via nicotinic cholinergic receptor. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:428-435. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Law SM, Lu X, Yu F, Tseng V, Law SK, Coleman AL. Cigarette smoking and glaucoma in the United States population. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:716-725. [PMID: 29303150 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo evaluate the association between cigarette smoking and glaucoma in the United States population.Patients and methodsUS civilian, non-institutionalized population from 2005 to 2008 administrations of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that were ≥40 years of age with visual fields and optic disc photographs were included. Diagnosis of glaucoma was based on the Rotterdam criteria. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess the association between glaucoma and smoking history, while controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, household income, alcohol consumption, diabetes, and hypertension.ResultsIn 3864 participants, 212 (5.5%) had glaucoma (corresponds to a population weighted glaucoma prevalence of 3.7% in a total of 83 570 127 subjects). Population weighted proportion of current smokers was 20.6% and ex-smokers was 28.3%. Participants with glaucoma were older (63.0±11.6 vs 56.1±11.2, P=0.002), likely to be male (57.1% vs 49.2%, P=0.03), to be Black (36.3% vs 20.7%, P<0.001), and to have diabetes (18.9% vs 12.4%, P=0.006) and hypertension (50.5% vs 39.7%, P=0.003). Current smokers had a lower odds of glaucoma compared to non-smokers (OR=0.61, 95% CI=0.41-0.88, P=0.009), and ex-smokers (OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.28-0.76, P=0.002). The effect estimates were similar in adjusted models, but not statistically significant. Among smokers, greater pack/day of smoking history was associated with statistically significantly higher odds of glaucoma (OR=1.70, 95% CI=1.08-2.67, P=0.02).ConclusionsAmong cigarette smokers, heavy smoking defined by greater number of pack of cigarettes smoked per day is associated with higher odds of glaucoma. Health care providers should include this association when counseling patients on their smoking habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Law
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - X Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - V Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S K Law
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A L Coleman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Linn CL, Webster SE, Webster MK. Eye Drops for Delivery of Bioactive Compounds and BrdU to Stimulate Proliferation and Label Mitotically Active Cells in the Adult Rodent Retina. Bio Protoc 2018; 8:e3076. [PMID: 30687771 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye drop treatments are typically used to apply drugs to the anterior structures of the eye. Recently, however, studies have demonstrated that eye drops can reach the retina in the back of the eye if pharmacological agents are carried in appropriate vehicles. Here, we introduce an eye drop procedure to deliver a drug (PNU-282987), in combination with BrdU, to stimulate cell cycle re-entry and label dividing cells in the retinas of adult rodents. This procedure avoids potential systemic complications of repeated intraperitoneal injections, as well as the retinal damage that is induced by repeated intravitreal injections. Although the delivery of PNU-282987 and BrdU is the focus of this article, many different proliferating compounds could be delivered to the retina using this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Linn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Sarah E Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Mark K Webster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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14
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15
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Chiam N, Baskaran M, Li Z, Perera S, Goh D, Husain R, Khor CC, Cheng CY, Aung T, Vithana EN. Social, health and ocular factors associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28621876 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE There is limited literature on lifestyle and health factors related to primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Asians. BACKGROUND This study evaluated the association of primary open-angle glaucoma with smoking, health and ocular factors amongst Chinese Singaporeans. DESIGN Case-control study. PARTICIPANTS The study used 711 primary open-angle glaucoma patients from a Singapore hospital and 2788 population-based controls. METHODS Subjects underwent clinical examination and completed a questionnaire with details on family history of glaucoma, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol consumption. Glaucoma cases were subclassified as normal or high-tension glaucoma according to their untreated intraocular pressures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The association of various health and lifestyle factors, with normal-tension and high-tension glaucoma was evaluated. RESULTS Using multiple logistic regression, primary open-angle glaucoma was associated with older age (odds ratio 1.12 per year older; 95% confidence interval 1.10-1.15; P < 0.001), family history of glaucoma (odds ratio 7.86; 95% confidence interval 4.48-13.79; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (odds ratio 1.75 per 1 mmHg; 95% confidence interval 1.64-1.87; P < 0.001) and thinner central corneal thickness (odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.02; P < 0.001). Myopes were more likely to have primary open-angle glaucoma (P < 0.001). A current smoking habit was protective against normal-tension glaucoma (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.92; P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Older age, family history of glaucoma, higher intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness and myopia were significantly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Chiam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Mani Baskaran
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Zheng Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shamira Perera
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - David Goh
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Rahat Husain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Eranga N Vithana
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System and National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Eye-ACP, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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16
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Evidence of BrdU-positive retinal neurons after application of an Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Neuroscience 2017; 346:437-446. [PMID: 28147247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible vision loss due to disease or age is responsible for a reduced quality of life. The experiments in this study test the hypothesis that the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, PNU-282987, leads to the generation of retinal neurons in an adult mammalian retina in the absence of retinal injury or exogenous growth factors. Using antibodies against BrdU, retinal ganglion cells, progenitor cells and Müller glia, the results of this study demonstrate that multiple types of retinal cells and neurons are generated after eye drop application of PNU-282987 in adult Long Evans rats in a dose-dependent manner. The results of this study provide evidence that progenitor cells, derived from Müller glia after treatment with PNU-282987, differentiate and migrate to the photoreceptor and retinal ganglion cell layers. If retinas were treated with the alpha7 nAChR antagonist, methyllycaconitine, before agonist treatment, BrdU-positive cells were significantly reduced. As adult mammalian neurons do not typically regenerate or proliferate, these results have implications for reversing vision loss due to neurodegenerative disease or the aging process to improve the quality of life for millions of patients.
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17
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Ishikawa M, Yoshitomi T, Covey DF, Zorumski CF, Izumi Y. TSPO activation modulates the effects of high pressure in a rat ex vivo glaucoma model. Neuropharmacology 2016; 111:142-159. [PMID: 27596950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that elevated pressure induces axonal swelling and facilitates the synthesis of the neurosteroid, allopregnanolone (AlloP), in the ex vivo rat retina. Exogenously applied AlloP attenuates the axonal swelling, suggesting that the neurosteroid plays a neuroprotective role against glaucomatous pressure-induced injuries, although mechanisms underlying neurosteroidogenesis have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to determine whether AlloP synthesis involves activation of translocator protein 18 kD (TSPO) and whether TSPO modulates pressure-induced retinal injury. Ex vivo rat retinas were exposed to various pressures (10, 35, or 75 mmHg) for 24 h. Expression of TSPO, 5α-reductase (5aRD), and AlloP was examined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and LC-MS/MS. We also examined the effects of TSPO ligands on AlloP synthesis and retinal damage. In this acute model, quantitative real-time RT-PCR and ELISA analyses revealed that elevated pressure facilitated TSPO expression. Similarly, these methods also detected enhanced 5aRD (mostly type II), which was observed in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and the inner nuclear layer (INL). Atriol, a TSPO antagonist, suppressed pressure mediated AlloP synthesis and induced more severe histological changes in the inner retina when combined with elevated pressure. PK11195, a TSPO ligand that facilitates AlloP synthesis by itself, remarkably diminished pressure-mediated retinal degeneration. These results suggest that AlloP synthesis is induced by sequential activation of TSPO and 5aRD in an ex vivo glaucoma model, and that TSPO agonists may serve as potential therapeutic agents for the prevention of pressure-induced retinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akita Graduate University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yoshitomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Akita Graduate University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA; The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA
| | - Charles F Zorumski
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA
| | - Yukitoshi Izumi
- The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA; Center for Brain Research in Mood Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, M.O, USA
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18
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Linn CL. Retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection induced by activation of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:918-9. [PMID: 27482217 PMCID: PMC4962586 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.184488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy L Linn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
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19
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Akopian A, Kumar S, Ramakrishnan H, Viswanathan S, Bloomfield SA. Amacrine cells coupled to ganglion cells via gap junctions are highly vulnerable in glaucomatous mouse retinas. J Comp Neurol 2016; 527:159-173. [PMID: 27411041 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We determined whether the structural and functional integrity of amacrine cells (ACs), the largest cohort of neurons in the mammalian retina, are affected in glaucoma. Intraocular injection of microbeads was made in mouse eyes to elevate intraocular pressure as a model of experimental glaucoma. Specific immunocytochemical markers were used to identify AC and displaced (d)ACs subpopulations in both the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers, respectively, and to distinguish them from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Calretinin- and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive (IR) cells were highly vulnerable to glaucomatous damage, whereas choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive and glycinergic AC subtypes were unaffected. The AC loss began 4 weeks after initial microbead injection, corresponding to the time course of RGC loss. Recordings of electroretinogram (ERG) oscillatory potentials and scotopic threshold responses, which reflect AC and RGC activity, were significantly attenuated in glaucomatous eyes following a time course that matched that of the AC and RGC loss. Moreover, we found that it was the ACs coupled to RGCs via gap junctions that were lost in glaucoma, whereas uncoupled ACs were largely unaffected. Our results suggest that AC loss in glaucoma occurs secondary to RGC death through the gap junction-mediated bystander effect. J. Comp. Neurol. 527:159-173, 2019. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abram Akopian
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036
| | | | - Suresh Viswanathan
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036
| | - Stewart A Bloomfield
- Department of Biological and Vision Sciences, State University of New York College of Optometry, New York, New York, 10036
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